Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1678948
Adam Beavan
It is a common practice to assess football players through a battery of tests covering all aspects of sporting performance. Practitioners may find the performance outcome measures valuable for athl...
{"title":"Extraordinary tools require extraordinary evidence","authors":"Adam Beavan","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1678948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1678948","url":null,"abstract":"It is a common practice to assess football players through a battery of tests covering all aspects of sporting performance. Practitioners may find the performance outcome measures valuable for athl...","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"263 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1678948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46901877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1665704
R. D. Den Hartigh, Nico W. Van Yperen, C. Gernigon
ABSTRACT What could be the impact of a last-minute equalizer on players’ psychological momentum (PM) in a high-stake, knock-out football match? In the current study, 86 competitive male players were asked to imagine that they were playing in a cup final in which they were trailing 1–0 or leading 1–0. Subsequently, participants watched a video clip in which their team or the opponent team scored the equalizer either in the 61st minute or 92nd minute (i.e., last-minute) of regular playing time. Participants indicated their PM after the equalizer. Although the situation became objectively neutral (1–1), results showed that PM was higher when players’ own team scored than when the opponent team did. More importantly, the equalizer had a particularly big impact on PM when the goal was scored last-minute. These results provide a better understanding of PM processes in football, and may explain the euphoria or despair of football players after a last-minute equalizer in a high-stake match.
{"title":"Psychological momentum in football: the impact of a last-minute equalizer in a knock-out match","authors":"R. D. Den Hartigh, Nico W. Van Yperen, C. Gernigon","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1665704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1665704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What could be the impact of a last-minute equalizer on players’ psychological momentum (PM) in a high-stake, knock-out football match? In the current study, 86 competitive male players were asked to imagine that they were playing in a cup final in which they were trailing 1–0 or leading 1–0. Subsequently, participants watched a video clip in which their team or the opponent team scored the equalizer either in the 61st minute or 92nd minute (i.e., last-minute) of regular playing time. Participants indicated their PM after the equalizer. Although the situation became objectively neutral (1–1), results showed that PM was higher when players’ own team scored than when the opponent team did. More importantly, the equalizer had a particularly big impact on PM when the goal was scored last-minute. These results provide a better understanding of PM processes in football, and may explain the euphoria or despair of football players after a last-minute equalizer in a high-stake match.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"178 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1665704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47414605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-17DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1667020
Christopher Thomas, Thomas Dos’Santos, Matthew Cuthbert, Cara Fields, Paul A. Jones
ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore whether limb preference influences braking strategy and knee joint mechanics during a 180° pivot task in female soccer players. Methods: Three-dimensional motion analyses of pivoting on the preferred and non-preferred kicking limbs were performed using 10 Qualisys ‘Oqus 7ʹ infrared cameras (240 Hz). Ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected from two AMTI force platforms (1200 Hz) embedded into the running track to examine penultimate (PEN) and final (FC) contact. Results: Both preferred and non-preferred limbs involved greater hip (ES = 2.85–3.81) and knee joint flexion angles (ES = 5.74–5.78) and peak vertical GRFs (ES = 0.87–1.61), but lower average vertical (ES = 2.55–3.01) and horizontal GRFs (ES = 3.05–3.67) during the PEN compared to the FC. Knee abduction angles were very likely greater (ES = 0.61) when turning off the non-preferred limb compared to the preferred limb. Conclusion: These findings may help us question the role of limb preference during pivoting, yet knee abduction angles and moments should be monitored with caution in female soccer players. Thus, it remains inconclusive the role limb preference plays in change of direction biomechanics for performance and risk of injury.
{"title":"The effect of limb preference on braking strategy and knee joint mechanics during pivoting in female soccer players","authors":"Christopher Thomas, Thomas Dos’Santos, Matthew Cuthbert, Cara Fields, Paul A. Jones","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1667020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1667020","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore whether limb preference influences braking strategy and knee joint mechanics during a 180° pivot task in female soccer players. Methods: Three-dimensional motion analyses of pivoting on the preferred and non-preferred kicking limbs were performed using 10 Qualisys ‘Oqus 7ʹ infrared cameras (240 Hz). Ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected from two AMTI force platforms (1200 Hz) embedded into the running track to examine penultimate (PEN) and final (FC) contact. Results: Both preferred and non-preferred limbs involved greater hip (ES = 2.85–3.81) and knee joint flexion angles (ES = 5.74–5.78) and peak vertical GRFs (ES = 0.87–1.61), but lower average vertical (ES = 2.55–3.01) and horizontal GRFs (ES = 3.05–3.67) during the PEN compared to the FC. Knee abduction angles were very likely greater (ES = 0.61) when turning off the non-preferred limb compared to the preferred limb. Conclusion: These findings may help us question the role of limb preference during pivoting, yet knee abduction angles and moments should be monitored with caution in female soccer players. Thus, it remains inconclusive the role limb preference plays in change of direction biomechanics for performance and risk of injury.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"30 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1667020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43227142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-20DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1709654
Jasper Verheul, N. Nedergaard, J. Vanrenterghem, M. Robinson
ABSTRACT The benefits of differentiating between the physiological and biomechanical load-response pathways in football and other (team) sports have become increasingly recognised. In contrast to physiological loads however, the biomechanical demands of training and competition are still not well understood, primarily due to the difficulty of quantifying biomechanical loads in a field environment. Although musculoskeletal adaptation and injury are known to occur at a tissue level, several biomechanical load metrics are available that quantify loads experienced by the body as a whole, its different structures and the individual tissues that are part of these structures. This paper discusses the distinct aspects and challenges that are associated with measuring biomechanical loads at these different levels in laboratory and/or field contexts. Our hope is that through this paper, sport scientists and practitioners will be able to critically consider the value and limitations of biomechanical load metrics and will keep pursuing new methods to measure these loads within and outside the lab, as a detailed load quantification is essential to better understand the biomechanical load-response pathways that occur in the field.
{"title":"Measuring biomechanical loads in team sports – from lab to field","authors":"Jasper Verheul, N. Nedergaard, J. Vanrenterghem, M. Robinson","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1709654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1709654","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The benefits of differentiating between the physiological and biomechanical load-response pathways in football and other (team) sports have become increasingly recognised. In contrast to physiological loads however, the biomechanical demands of training and competition are still not well understood, primarily due to the difficulty of quantifying biomechanical loads in a field environment. Although musculoskeletal adaptation and injury are known to occur at a tissue level, several biomechanical load metrics are available that quantify loads experienced by the body as a whole, its different structures and the individual tissues that are part of these structures. This paper discusses the distinct aspects and challenges that are associated with measuring biomechanical loads at these different levels in laboratory and/or field contexts. Our hope is that through this paper, sport scientists and practitioners will be able to critically consider the value and limitations of biomechanical load metrics and will keep pursuing new methods to measure these loads within and outside the lab, as a detailed load quantification is essential to better understand the biomechanical load-response pathways that occur in the field.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"4 1","pages":"246 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1709654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47696318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-25DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1618491
H. Fullagar, J. Sampson, J. Delaney, Ben McKay, A. Murray
ABSTRACT Purpose: Despite the perceived importance of sleep for American collegiate football (ACF) players, particularly given the schooling and athletic expectations for these players, descriptions of the duration and quality of sleep are limited. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between objective measures of sleep and training load across different phases of the ACF season. Methods: 23 ACF players’ (21.1 ± 1.2 years; 108.0 ± 20.0 kg). sleep/wake behaviour and daily external training load were assessed using wristwatch actigraphy and accelerometry (PlayerLoadTM [PL]), respectively, for a minimum of 3 nights/days in each phase (Off-season, Camp [Pre-season], In-Season and School). The relationships between each sleep metric and both season phase and external training load were assessed using linear mixed models. Results: Overall, total sleep time was very likely shorter in Camp (−41 ± 13 min, effect size [ES 0.68 ± 0.36[), almost certainly shorter In-Season (−56 ± 14 min, ES 0.93 ± 0.39) and likely shorter in School (−28 ± 15 min, ES 0.46 ± 0.42) compared to the Off-season phase. There was almost certainly a difference in sleep latency during the school phase (ES = 4.67 ± 2.03). Conclusion: These data suggest sleep time is reduced during periods of intensified training in ACF players. Of further concern are the demands placed upon student-athletes during the School phase, where aspects of sleep can be compromised.
{"title":"The relationship between objective measures of sleep and training load across different phases of the season in American collegiate football players","authors":"H. Fullagar, J. Sampson, J. Delaney, Ben McKay, A. Murray","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1618491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1618491","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Despite the perceived importance of sleep for American collegiate football (ACF) players, particularly given the schooling and athletic expectations for these players, descriptions of the duration and quality of sleep are limited. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between objective measures of sleep and training load across different phases of the ACF season. Methods: 23 ACF players’ (21.1 ± 1.2 years; 108.0 ± 20.0 kg). sleep/wake behaviour and daily external training load were assessed using wristwatch actigraphy and accelerometry (PlayerLoadTM [PL]), respectively, for a minimum of 3 nights/days in each phase (Off-season, Camp [Pre-season], In-Season and School). The relationships between each sleep metric and both season phase and external training load were assessed using linear mixed models. Results: Overall, total sleep time was very likely shorter in Camp (−41 ± 13 min, effect size [ES 0.68 ± 0.36[), almost certainly shorter In-Season (−56 ± 14 min, ES 0.93 ± 0.39) and likely shorter in School (−28 ± 15 min, ES 0.46 ± 0.42) compared to the Off-season phase. There was almost certainly a difference in sleep latency during the school phase (ES = 4.67 ± 2.03). Conclusion: These data suggest sleep time is reduced during periods of intensified training in ACF players. Of further concern are the demands placed upon student-athletes during the School phase, where aspects of sleep can be compromised.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"326 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1618491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60129541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-20DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1615120
Guilherme Passos Ramos, N. Datson, F. Mahseredjian, T. R. Lopes, C. Coimbra, L. Prado, F. Nakamura, E. Penna
ABSTRACT Objective: This study compared the activity profile of different types of soccer-specific training activity with the demands of competitive international female match-play. Methods: Twenty-one female players from the Brazilian National Soccer Team were monitored in twenty-two on-field training sessions during the 30-day preparatory training camp prior to the 2016 Olympic Games. Activities were categorized into warmup (WU), small sided games (SSG), technical and tactical training (TTT) and friendly matches (FM). The activity profile in each type of drill was then compared to the ones of the 6 matches performed during the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Results: It was found that distance traveled at different speeds were higher during matches compared to WU, SSG, and TTT, but not compared to FM. Frequency of accelerations was similar between matches and TTT, SSG and FM. Repeated acceleration and sprints were higher during Matches compared to WU, TTT, SSG but FM presented similar results. Conclusion: It was concluded that although there were different acceleration and deceleration demands amongst WU, SSG and TTT compared to match-play, FM was the only training activity which consistently replicated or exceeded Olympic matches’ physical demands.
{"title":"Activity profile of training and matches in Brazilian Olympic female soccer team","authors":"Guilherme Passos Ramos, N. Datson, F. Mahseredjian, T. R. Lopes, C. Coimbra, L. Prado, F. Nakamura, E. Penna","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1615120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1615120","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: This study compared the activity profile of different types of soccer-specific training activity with the demands of competitive international female match-play. Methods: Twenty-one female players from the Brazilian National Soccer Team were monitored in twenty-two on-field training sessions during the 30-day preparatory training camp prior to the 2016 Olympic Games. Activities were categorized into warmup (WU), small sided games (SSG), technical and tactical training (TTT) and friendly matches (FM). The activity profile in each type of drill was then compared to the ones of the 6 matches performed during the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Results: It was found that distance traveled at different speeds were higher during matches compared to WU, SSG, and TTT, but not compared to FM. Frequency of accelerations was similar between matches and TTT, SSG and FM. Repeated acceleration and sprints were higher during Matches compared to WU, TTT, SSG but FM presented similar results. Conclusion: It was concluded that although there were different acceleration and deceleration demands amongst WU, SSG and TTT compared to match-play, FM was the only training activity which consistently replicated or exceeded Olympic matches’ physical demands.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"231 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1615120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41394956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-14DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1617432
V. Gouttebarge, M. Brink, G. Kerkhoffs
ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of elite professional footballers on various dimensions related to the International Match Calendar. A cross-sectional design by means of a survey was conducted among male elite professional footballers playing in national teams and/or continental competitions. The survey questions were formulated during two expert meetings with football stakeholders (including players), covering the following dimensions: number of matches and related recovery, influence of travelling, and in- and off-season breaks. A total of 543 elite professional footballers completed the survey (response rate: 36%), of whom 55% were playing in their national teams. Around 35–40% of the participants reported playing too many matches per season with an insufficient number of recovery days in between. Nearly two-thirds of the participants reported that travelling had a significant negative impact on their recovery, performances and/or health. Elite professional footballers were in favour of an in-and off-season break lasting 14 days and 5 weeks, respectively. The findings of our study suggest that there is a need to review the International Match Calendar and implement measures in elite professional football to empower the players’ recovery and performances.
{"title":"The perceptions of elite professional footballers on the International Match Calendar: a cross-sectional study","authors":"V. Gouttebarge, M. Brink, G. Kerkhoffs","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1617432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1617432","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of elite professional footballers on various dimensions related to the International Match Calendar. A cross-sectional design by means of a survey was conducted among male elite professional footballers playing in national teams and/or continental competitions. The survey questions were formulated during two expert meetings with football stakeholders (including players), covering the following dimensions: number of matches and related recovery, influence of travelling, and in- and off-season breaks. A total of 543 elite professional footballers completed the survey (response rate: 36%), of whom 55% were playing in their national teams. Around 35–40% of the participants reported playing too many matches per season with an insufficient number of recovery days in between. Nearly two-thirds of the participants reported that travelling had a significant negative impact on their recovery, performances and/or health. Elite professional footballers were in favour of an in-and off-season break lasting 14 days and 5 weeks, respectively. The findings of our study suggest that there is a need to review the International Match Calendar and implement measures in elite professional football to empower the players’ recovery and performances.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"339 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1617432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47990905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1616106
A. Dunton, C. O'Neill, Edward K. Coughlan
ABSTRACT Introduction: The current study analysed the impact of spatial occlusion training on control and pass accuracy in football. Occlusion was achieved using goggles that removed the sight of the lower limbs and football as it was projected towards the participants. Methods: Fifteen skilled male football players were randomly assigned to one of three groups; Occlusion, Practice and Control. Participants were required to control a projected football, before passing it to one of two designated targets, while concurrently identifying a series of randomly generated numbers. Pass direction was determined by a directional arrow that accompanied each number, which coincided with the football release. The study design consisted of a pre-test, training intervention (400 trials), post-test and 2-day retention test. The performance was evaluated via three variables: outcome error, control error and number call error. Results: The results demonstrated a significant decrease in outcome error (p < 0.05) and number call error (p < 0.05) for the Occlusion group from pre-test to post and retention test. No significant decrease was experienced from post-test to retention test (p> 0.05), demonstrating a learning effect. Conclusion: This suggests that reducing visual information during training may have a positive impact on performance once full visual conditions are restored.
{"title":"The impact of a training intervention with spatial occlusion goggles on controlling and passing a football","authors":"A. Dunton, C. O'Neill, Edward K. Coughlan","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1616106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1616106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: The current study analysed the impact of spatial occlusion training on control and pass accuracy in football. Occlusion was achieved using goggles that removed the sight of the lower limbs and football as it was projected towards the participants. Methods: Fifteen skilled male football players were randomly assigned to one of three groups; Occlusion, Practice and Control. Participants were required to control a projected football, before passing it to one of two designated targets, while concurrently identifying a series of randomly generated numbers. Pass direction was determined by a directional arrow that accompanied each number, which coincided with the football release. The study design consisted of a pre-test, training intervention (400 trials), post-test and 2-day retention test. The performance was evaluated via three variables: outcome error, control error and number call error. Results: The results demonstrated a significant decrease in outcome error (p < 0.05) and number call error (p < 0.05) for the Occlusion group from pre-test to post and retention test. No significant decrease was experienced from post-test to retention test (p> 0.05), demonstrating a learning effect. Conclusion: This suggests that reducing visual information during training may have a positive impact on performance once full visual conditions are restored.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"281 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1616106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44597321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-07DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1612529
Matthew Daniels, J. Highton, C. Twist
ABSTRACT Objective: Strength, power and endurance characteristics and their association with training load during a 7-week preseason training phase were assessed in elite rugby league players. Methods: Twenty-two players (age 23.3 ± 4.4 years) performed bench throw, one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, squat jumps, three repetition maximum (3RM) squats, prone pull-ups and prone Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) before and after the 7-week preseason period. Training was classified into Gym, Field and Wrestle, with training load of each monitored using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) multiplied by training duration (sRPE-TL). Results: There were most likely improvements in 3RM back squat, prone pull-ups and Yo-Yo IR1 and likely improvements in the bench press, bench throw and squat jump after the 7-week training programme (ES = 0.3 to 1.2). Accumulated sRPE-TL for Gym, Field and Wrestle sessions were 9176 ± 1187, 10,906 ± 2162, and 1072 ± 315 AU, respectively. Relationships between mean weekly sRPE-TL and changes in physical qualities were trivial to large (r = −0.67 to 0.34). Conclusions: This study suggests sRPE-TL is unsuitable to detect dose–response relationships between training load and the changes in physical qualities of elite rugby league players during the pre-season period.
{"title":"Pre-season training responses and their associations with training load in elite rugby league players","authors":"Matthew Daniels, J. Highton, C. Twist","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1612529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1612529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: Strength, power and endurance characteristics and their association with training load during a 7-week preseason training phase were assessed in elite rugby league players. Methods: Twenty-two players (age 23.3 ± 4.4 years) performed bench throw, one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, squat jumps, three repetition maximum (3RM) squats, prone pull-ups and prone Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) before and after the 7-week preseason period. Training was classified into Gym, Field and Wrestle, with training load of each monitored using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) multiplied by training duration (sRPE-TL). Results: There were most likely improvements in 3RM back squat, prone pull-ups and Yo-Yo IR1 and likely improvements in the bench press, bench throw and squat jump after the 7-week training programme (ES = 0.3 to 1.2). Accumulated sRPE-TL for Gym, Field and Wrestle sessions were 9176 ± 1187, 10,906 ± 2162, and 1072 ± 315 AU, respectively. Relationships between mean weekly sRPE-TL and changes in physical qualities were trivial to large (r = −0.67 to 0.34). Conclusions: This study suggests sRPE-TL is unsuitable to detect dose–response relationships between training load and the changes in physical qualities of elite rugby league players during the pre-season period.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"313 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1612529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48451177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-06DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1613557
C. Almeida
ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the offensive sequences that resulted in goals in the group stage of the 2018 FIFA World Cup according to teams’ status: eliminated versus qualified for the knockout phase. Successful offensive sequences performed in the group stage by eliminated (n = 39) and qualified teams (n = 83) were notated post-event using an adapted version of the Offensive Sequences Characterisation System, which includes simple and composite performance indicators. Magnitude-based inferences revealed that performances indicators Passes/Duration, Passes/Ball touches, Players/Duration and Passes/Players were key to differentiate eliminated and qualified teams. Performance profiles emerging from qualified teams suggest the ability to impose a faster game pace (of ball passing and collective involvement) is more relevant to offensive effectiveness in elite football than the mere amount of sport-specific actions performed. Although offensive sequences with more passes, ball touches and duration had a possible positive effect on reaching the knockout phase, the offensive behaviours of qualified teams highlighted the importance of ‘quality possession’. Indeed, offensive sequences involving more players (teamwork) and favouring ball passing instead of individual ball retention seem to facilitate the emergence of goal-scoring events. Considering these findings, professional coaches are encouraged to design playing-form activities aiming to promote team-based offensive strategies, including task constraints to increase the game pace and the frequency of ‘penetrating passes’ into vital playing areas.
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