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Volatile Fatty Acid Recovery from Arrested Anaerobic Digestion for the Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel: A Review 停止厌氧消化回收挥发性脂肪酸用于可持续航空燃料生产的研究进展
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090821
X. Ge, Yian Chen, Violeta Sànchez i Nogué, Yebo Li
The process of producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from organic waste involves the use of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as intermediates that are obtained via arrested anaerobic digestion (AAD) and VFA recovery. This recovery process often requires several steps, including dewatering, filtration, extraction, and purification. The recovery of VFAs is crucial for their upgrading and can pose a challenge in the production of SAF from organic waste due to high costs and compatibility issues. This review discusses various dewatering methods, including centrifuges, belt filter presses, and screw presses, and explores conditioning technologies that can improve dewatering performance. It also introduces filtration technologies, with a focus on dynamic filtration, which shows promise in addressing the issue of membrane fouling. Additionally, the review describes extraction technologies such as electrodialysis, adsorption, and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). By providing insights into these different techniques, the review aims to contribute to the development of an integrated VFA recovery process with low carbon footprint.
从有机废物生产可持续航空燃料(SAF)的过程涉及使用挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)作为中间体,这些挥发性脂肪酸是通过停止厌氧消化(AAD)和VFA回收获得的。这种回收过程通常需要几个步骤,包括脱水、过滤、提取和纯化。VFA的回收对其升级至关重要,并且由于高成本和兼容性问题,可能对从有机废物生产SAF构成挑战。这篇综述讨论了各种脱水方法,包括离心机、带式压滤机和螺旋压榨机,并探索了可以提高脱水性能的调理技术。它还介绍了过滤技术,重点是动态过滤,这在解决膜污染问题方面显示出了前景。此外,该综述还介绍了电渗析、吸附和液-液萃取(LLE)等萃取技术。通过深入了解这些不同的技术,该综述旨在为开发低碳足迹的综合VFA回收工艺做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Thermo-Mechanical Pretreatment of Sargassum muticum on Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Wheat Straw 马尾藻热机械预处理对麦草厌氧共消化的影响
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090820
Miriam Hütter, G. Sailer, B. Hülsemann, Joachim Müller, J. Poetsch
Sargassum muticum (SM) is an invasive macroalgal species seasonally occurring in large quantities. While generally suitable for anaerobic digestion, recent studies resulted in low specific methane yields (SMYs), presumably due to salt, polyphenol, and high fiber contents of this marine biomass. In this study, the specific biogas yield (SBY) and SMY of SM alone as well as in co-digestion with wheat straw (WS) were investigated in batch tests at process temperatures of 44 ± 1.4 °C with a retention time of approx. 40 d. The pretreatment variants of SM were examined with regard to desalination and disintegration to potentially improve digestibility and to enhance the overall performance in anaerobic digestion. A sole mechanical treatment (pressing) and a thermo-mechanical treatment (heating and pressing) were tested. Batch assays showed that pressing increased the SMY by 15.1% whereas heating and pressing decreased the SMY by 15.7% compared to the untreated variant (87.64 ± 8.72 mL/gVS). Both anaerobic digestion experiments generally showed that co-digestion with WS can be recommended for SM, but the observed SBY and SMY were still similar to those of other studies in which SM was not pretreated. The mechanical pretreatment of SM, however, offers the potential to enhance the SMY in the anaerobic digestion of SM with WS, but further research is necessary to identify the optimum upgrading approaches since the overall SMY of SM is relatively low compared to other substrates that are commonly used in anaerobic digestion. In addition to anaerobic digestion, SM as an already available biomass could also be of interest for further utilization approaches such as fiber production.
马尾藻(Sargassum muticum, SM)是一种季节性大量入侵的大型藻类。虽然通常适合厌氧消化,但最近的研究表明,由于这种海洋生物质的盐、多酚和高纤维含量,甲烷的比产率(SMYs)很低。本研究在处理温度为44±1.4℃,停留时间约为44±1.4℃的间歇试验中,研究了秸秆单独发酵以及与麦秸共消化的比产气量(SBY)和比产气量(SMY)。40 d.对SM的预处理变体进行了脱盐和分解测试,以潜在地提高消化率并提高厌氧消化的整体性能。测试了鞋底机械处理(压紧)和热机械处理(加热和压紧)。批量实验显示,与未处理的菌株相比,压榨使SMY提高了15.1%,而加热和压榨使SMY降低了15.7%(87.64±8.72 mL/gVS)。两项厌氧消化实验普遍表明,SM可与WS共消化,但观察到的SBY和SMY仍与其他SM未预处理的研究相似。然而,SM的机械预处理有可能提高SM与WS厌氧消化中的SMY,但由于SM的总体SMY与其他常用的厌氧消化基质相比相对较低,因此需要进一步研究以确定最佳的升级方法。除了厌氧消化之外,SM作为一种已经可用的生物质也可以用于进一步的利用方法,如纤维生产。
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引用次数: 0
The Application of Corynebacterium glutamicum in l-Threonine Biosynthesis 谷氨酸棒杆菌在l-苏氨酸生物合成中的应用
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090822
Min Duan, Shuo Chen, Xinli Liu, Jianhang Liu, Deqiang Zhu
l-threonine is an essential amino acid in human and animal nutrition. It is widely used in food, medicine, feed, and other fields. The global market scale exceeds 700,000 tons per year. Corynebacterium glutamicum, as a chassis cell for industrial amino acid production, has the advantages of biological safety and strong environmental adaptability, and is a potential strain for the efficient production of l-threonine. This article systematically reviewed the function and application of l-threonine, the pathway of C. glutamicum to synthesize l-threonine, and the use of metabolic engineering technology to improve the production of l-threonine.
l-苏氨酸是人体和动物营养中的必需氨基酸。广泛应用于食品、医药、饲料等领域。全球市场规模超过每年70万吨。谷氨酸棒杆菌作为工业氨基酸生产的底盘细胞,具有生物安全性和较强的环境适应性等优点,是高效生产l-苏氨酸的潜在菌株。本文系统综述了l-苏氨酸的功能和应用,谷氨酸棒杆菌合成l-苏氨酸途径,以及利用代谢工程技术提高l-苏氨酸产量。
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引用次数: 0
Solid-State Fermentation as a Sustainable Tool for Extracting Phenolic Compounds from Cascalote Pods 固态发酵作为一种可持续的从Cascalote荚中提取酚类化合物的工具
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090823
Francisco López-Cárdenas, E. Ochoa-Reyes, Ramiro Baeza-Jiménez, J. Tafolla-Arellano, J. Ascacio-Valdés, J. J. Buenrostro-Figueroa
Cascalote pods are an important source of phenolic compounds, mainly recovered using solvent extraction methods. To find a sustainable alternative to these methods, this study aimed to evaluate solid-state fermentation (SSF) in order to enhance the extractability of total phenolic compounds (TPC) with antioxidant activity (AA) from cascalote pods. Aspergillus niger GH1 was selected based on the amount of TPC released and AA measured (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP) in a short period of time. Moreover, moisture, temperature, inoculum size, and mineral composition were evaluated. The largest amount of TPC released was 124.17 mg/gdw (g of dry weight) after 12 h of culture, which significantly correlated with the AA (Pearson’s R = 0.94). Moisture and KH2PO4 concentration were the main influencing factors of TPC release. Treatment 6 (1 × 107 spores/gdw, 30 °C, 60% moisture, mineral composition (g/L): KH2PO4, 1.52; NaNO3, 7.65; and MgSO4, 1.52) was selected due to the highest values of both TPC and AA. SSF-assisted extraction allowed for an increase of 118% and 93% in TPC and AA values, respectively. Corilagin, lagerstannin, geraniin, and ellagic acid were the main phenolic compounds identified by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS in the cascalote extracts. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of SSF-assisted extraction as a biotechnological alternative for the recovery of important bioactive molecules from this underutilized material.
Cascalote荚是酚类化合物的重要来源,主要通过溶剂萃取方法回收。为了找到这些方法的可持续替代方案,本研究旨在评估固态发酵(SSF),以提高具有抗氧化活性(AA)的总酚类化合物(TPC)的可提取性。黑曲霉GH1是基于短时间内释放的TPC和测量的AA(ABTS、DPPH、FRAP)的量来选择的。此外,还对水分、温度、接种物大小和矿物成分进行了评估。培养12h后,TPC的最大释放量为124.17mg/gdw(g干重),与AA显著相关(Pearson’s R=0.94)。水分和KH2PO4浓度是影响TPC释放的主要因素。处理6(1×107孢子/gdw,30°C,60%湿度,矿物成分(g/L):KH2PO4,1.52;NaNO3,7.65;和MgSO4,1.52)。SSF辅助提取使TPC和AA值分别增加118%和93%。RP-HPLC-ESI-MS法鉴定了卡司卡卢特提取物中的主要酚类化合物为珊瑚苷、拉格斯坦宁、香叶苷和鞣花酸。所获得的结果证明了SSF辅助提取作为从这种未充分利用的材料中回收重要生物活性分子的生物技术替代方案的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Zero-Valent Iron and Activated Carbon Coupled to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste: Alleviating Acid Inhibition at High Loads 零价铁和活性炭结合增强餐厨垃圾厌氧消化:减轻高负荷下的酸抑制作用
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090818
Shuang Zhang, Pan Zhao, M. Gao, Chuanfu Wu, Qun-chao Wang, Xiao-hong Sun
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has the advantages of utilizing complex substrates and producing renewable energy and is currently one of the mainstream technologies for food waste (FW) resourcing. However, at high organic loads and low inoculum-to-substrate ratios (ISRs), AD with FW as substrate is prone to acid accumulation, resulting in a drastic decrease in gas production and system collapse. This study investigated the effect of the coupled addition of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and activated carbon (AC) on the AD of FW at three low ISRs of 0.715, 0.625, and 0.5. The results showed that the control group acidified and stopped producing biogas when the ISR decreased to 0.625 and 0.5, but ZVI coupled with AC alleviated the acidification and increased the cumulative biogas yield. Especially at ISR = 0.5, the cumulative biogas yield for the ZVI + AC group was 31.5%, 99.5%, and 11.43 times higher than that of the ZVI, AC, and control groups, respectively. ZVI coupled with AC also increased the degradation of volatile fatty acids (70.5–84.4%) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (50.0–72.9%) while decreasing propionate concentration and improving the stability of the AD system. COD mass balance analyses indicated that the coupled addition of ZVI and AC promoted the conversion of particulate organic matter to soluble organic matter and increased the conversion of carbon sources to methane.
厌氧消化(AD)具有利用复杂基质和生产可再生能源的优势,是目前食物垃圾资源化的主流技术之一。然而,在高有机负荷和低接种物与底物比率(ISRs)下,以FW为底物的AD容易产生酸积累,导致气体产量急剧下降和系统崩溃。本研究研究了零价铁(ZVI)和活性炭(AC)在0.715、0.625和0.5三个低ISR下的偶联添加对FW AD的影响。结果表明,当ISR降至0.625和0.5时,对照组酸化并停止生产沼气,但ZVI与AC联用缓解了酸化并提高了累积沼气产量。特别是在ISR=0.5时,ZVI+AC组的累积沼气产量分别是ZVI、AC和对照组的31.5%、99.5%和11.43倍。ZVI与AC偶联还增加了挥发性脂肪酸(70.5–84.4%)和可溶性化学需氧量(50.0–72.9%)的降解,同时降低了丙酸盐浓度,提高了AD系统的稳定性。COD质量平衡分析表明,ZVI和AC的偶联加入促进了颗粒有机物向可溶性有机物的转化,并增加了碳源向甲烷的转化。
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引用次数: 0
Modulation of Cereal Biochemistry via Solid-State Fermentation: A Fruitful Way for Nutritional Improvement 固态发酵调节谷物生物化学:营养改善的有效途径
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090817
Avneet Kaur, S. Purewal
Cereal grains play a vital role in a dietary chart by providing a required number of macronutrients and micronutrients along with health-benefiting bioactive components. Cereal grains, despite being a good source of bioactive compounds, are not able to provide the full dose of bioactive components to consumers. The biochemistry of cereal grains restricts the release of certain dietary components; therefore, a method like solid-state fermentation could be utilized to modulate the chemistry of bioactive components present in cereals. Once modulated, these components can easily be recovered using an optimized extraction medium and other conditions. Fermented grains are better than unfermented ones as they possess a higher amount of certain dietary and bioactive components along with better quality attributes and shelflife. Fermented-cereal-based products can be promoted because of their health-benefiting nature and hidden industrial potential.
谷物通过提供所需数量的常量营养素和微量营养素以及有益健康的生物活性成分,在饮食图表中发挥着至关重要的作用。谷物尽管是生物活性化合物的良好来源,但无法向消费者提供全剂量的生物活性成分。谷物的生物化学限制了某些膳食成分的释放;因此,固态发酵等方法可以用来调节谷物中生物活性成分的化学性质。一旦调制,这些成分可以使用优化的提取介质和其他条件容易地回收。发酵谷物比未发酵谷物更好,因为它们具有更高量的某些膳食和生物活性成分,以及更好的质量特性和保质期。发酵谷物产品可以推广,因为它们有益健康,具有潜在的工业潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Temperature and pH Optimization for Protease Production Fermented by Yarrowia lipolytica from Agro-Industrial Waste 解脂Yarrowia从农业工业废弃物中发酵蛋白酶的温度和pH优化
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090819
J. López-Trujillo, Miguel Mellado-Bosque, J. Ascacio-Valdés, L. Prado-Barragán, J. A. Hernández-Herrera, A. Aguilera-Carbó
The use of yeasts for the production of proteases has increased in demand in recent years. Y. lipolytica has been reported as a strain with high yields of protease production. This work aimed to evaluate the impact of pH and temperature on the production of proteases using Y. lipolytica in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Soybean, canola meal, cottonseed meal, and sesame meal wastes were used as nutrient sources at seven pH levels (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) and five temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 °C). The waste source and optimal conditions for maximum enzyme production (EP) were obtained by Box–Benhken design. The results revealed that at pH of 7, temperature of 30 °C, and for 48 h cultivation period, canola meal showed the best EP with 188.75 U/L, followed by soybean with 117.07 U/L, cottonseed meal with 66.71 U/L, and sesame with the lowest production, reaching 88.5 U/L up to 35 °C. The temperature factor exhibited the greatest effect on protease production. The biotechnological and economic potential of canola meal in the production of enzymes is highlighted.
近年来,利用酵母生产蛋白酶的需求有所增加。据报道,解脂芽孢杆菌是一种高产蛋白酶菌株。本研究旨在评估pH和温度对固态发酵(SSF)中解脂y菌生产蛋白酶的影响。在7种pH值(4、5、6、7、8、9、10)和5种温度(25、30、35、40、45℃)条件下,利用大豆、菜籽粕、棉籽粕和芝麻粕废弃物作为营养源。通过Box-Benhken设计,确定了产酶量的最佳条件。结果表明,在pH = 7、温度为30℃、培养时间为48 h的条件下,油菜籽粕的EP最高,为188.75 U/L,其次是大豆,为117.07 U/L,棉籽粕为66.71 U/L,芝麻最低,35℃时产量为88.5 U/L。温度因子对蛋白酶产生的影响最大。强调了菜籽粕在酶生产中的生物技术和经济潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Application of Biorefinery Concept to the Production of Bromelain, Ethanol, and Xylitol from Pineapple Plant Waste 生物精炼概念在菠萝废料生产菠萝蛋白酶、乙醇和木糖醇中的应用
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090816
E. Mardawati, Selly Harnesa Putri, Hana Nur Fitriana, Desy Nurliasari, Devi Maulida Rahmah, Rosanti, Ikhsan Maulana, Awaly Ilham Dewantoro, Euis Hermiati, R. Balia
The massive potential of pineapple fruit production can produce a sizable amount of waste, around 75% (w/w) of pineapple weight, contributing to global environmental problems. For this reason, biorefinery techniques are urgently needed to convert pineapple plantation waste into high-value-added bioproducts including bromelain, various sugars, xylooligoscharide, xylitol, and ethanol. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of converting pineapple plantation waste into bromelain, xylitol, and ethanol. In this study, the activity of the bromelain enzyme was tested in each part of the pineapple plant waste. The configuration of the hydrolysis and fermentation processes used to make ethanol and xylitol from the rest of the pineapple plant waste from bromelain extraction was also investigated. Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapple plants and can be isolated from every part of pineapple plant waste. Enzyme activity under several conditions, such as crude extract, pure extract, and dried extract, has been studied to determine the best conditions for the downstream process of this enzyme’s production in the future. The purification of bromelain involved the utilization of the precipitation method followed by dialysis, whereas the drying process of bromelain employed the freeze-drying method. The bromelain enzyme specific activity is shown to be highest in the pineapple stem, as observed in crude-extract (1.45 ± 0.06 CDU/mg), purified-extract (10.38 ± 0.06 CDU/mg), and dried-extract (12.05 ± 0.43 CDU/mg) conditions. Using the pineapple stem to extract bromelain can produce lignocellulosic waste, which is made up of 39.47% starch, 19.96% hemicellulose, 36.44% cellulose, and 6.05% lignin. The high content of starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose has the potential to be used as feedstock for ethanol and xylitol fermentation. In this study, ethanol and xylitol fermentation were carried out using two methods: separate hydrolysis and fermentation methods (SHF) and semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation methods (semi-SSF). As a result, fermentation using the semi-SSF method produced ethanol with a higher titer and yield (22.12 ± 0.05 g/L and 0.44 ± 0.00 g/g, respectively). However, the production of xylitol was found to be insignificant, regardless of whether it was obtained using SHF or semi-SSF. The purification of bromelain involved the utilization of the precipitation method followed by dialysis, whereas the drying process of bromelain employed the freeze-drying method.
菠萝果实生产的巨大潜力会产生相当大的废物,约占菠萝重量的75%,从而导致全球环境问题。因此,迫切需要生物精炼技术将菠萝种植园的废物转化为高附加值的生物产品,包括菠萝蛋白酶、各种糖、低聚木糖、木糖醇和乙醇。本研究的目的是检验将菠萝种植废弃物转化为菠萝蛋白酶、木糖醇和乙醇的有效性。在本研究中,测试了菠萝蛋白酶在菠萝植物废弃物的各个部分的活性。还研究了从菠萝蛋白酶提取的菠萝植物废料中提取乙醇和木糖醇的水解和发酵工艺的配置。菠萝蛋白酶是一种存在于菠萝植物中的蛋白水解酶,可以从菠萝植物废弃物的每一部分中分离出来。研究了几种条件下的酶活性,如粗提取物、纯提取物和干提取物,以确定未来该酶生产下游过程的最佳条件。菠萝蛋白酶的纯化采用沉淀法和透析法,而菠萝蛋白酶的干燥过程采用冷冻干燥法。在粗提取物(1.45±0.06 CDU/mg)、纯化提取物(10.38±0.06 CDU/mg)和干提取物(12.05±0.43 CDU/mg。利用菠萝茎提取菠萝蛋白酶可产生木质纤维素废料,其中淀粉含量为39.47%,半纤维素含量为19.96%,纤维素含量为36.44%,木质素含量为6.05%。淀粉、纤维素和半纤维素含量高,有潜力用作乙醇和木糖醇发酵的原料。本研究采用两种方法进行乙醇和木糖醇发酵:分离水解发酵法(SHF)和半同步糖化发酵法(半SSF)。结果,使用半SSF方法发酵产生的乙醇具有更高的滴度和产量(分别为22.12±0.05 g/L和0.44±0.00 g/g)。然而,木糖醇的生产被发现是微不足道的,无论它是使用SHF还是半SSF获得的。菠萝蛋白酶的纯化采用沉淀法和透析法,而菠萝蛋白酶的干燥过程采用冷冻干燥法。
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引用次数: 1
Utilization of the AIRMIXING M.I.™ System in Producing Red Wine without Added Sulphites AIRMIXING M.I.的使用。™ 不添加亚硫酸盐生产红酒的系统
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090812
S. Guerrini, Damian Barbato, S. Mangani, Eleonora Mari, G. Buscioni, Donatella Ganucci, Viola Galli, L. Granchi
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is usually used in winemaking due to its effectiveness as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. However, there is growing interest in finding alternatives to SO2 because of its adverse effects on human health. Therefore, in this work, a low-SO2-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was selected and the AIR-MIXINGTM M.ITM (A.M.) system, capable of determining a high extraction of polyphenols, was used to produce a red wine without added sulphites. A tank managed with the traditional pumping-over technique was used as a comparison. Microbiological and chemical monitoring of both fermentations performed by plate counts and HPLC analyses, respectively, did not indicate significant differences as regards the yeast growth kinetics and the degradation of the sugars, while it highlighted a faster extraction kinetics of colour and total polyphenols in the fermentation carried out with the A.M. system. Both experimental wines showed a total SO2 content <10 mg/L, but in the wine produced with A.M., a higher content of the polymeric forms of anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenols was found in favour of a higher stability of the wine achieved in a shorter time than the control. Furthermore, a higher concentration of reduced glutathione, a compound well-known for its antioxidant activity, occurred in wine obtained with the A.M. system. In conclusion, the use of low-SO2-producing yeasts in combination with the A.M. system could be a suitable approach to produce wines without sulphites added.
二氧化硫(SO2)通常用于酿酒,因为它是一种有效的抗菌和抗氧化剂。然而,由于二氧化硫对人类健康的不利影响,人们对寻找二氧化硫的替代品越来越感兴趣。因此,在这项工作中,选择了一种低SO2-产生的酿酒酵母菌株,并使用AIR-MIXINGTM M.ITM(a.M.)系统来生产不添加亚硫酸盐的红酒,该系统能够确定多酚的高提取率。采用传统泵送技术管理的储罐作为对比。分别通过平板计数和HPLC分析对两种发酵进行的微生物学和化学监测没有表明酵母生长动力学和糖降解方面的显著差异,但它强调了在a.M.系统进行的发酵中,颜色和总多酚的提取动力学更快。两种实验葡萄酒的总SO2含量均<10mg/L,但在a.M.生产的葡萄酒中,发现花青素和非花青素酚的聚合物形式含量更高,有利于在比对照更短的时间内获得更高的葡萄酒稳定性。此外,在用a.M.系统获得的葡萄酒中,还原型谷胱甘肽(一种以抗氧化活性闻名的化合物)的浓度更高。总之,使用低SO2-产生酵母与A.M.系统相结合可能是生产不添加亚硫酸盐的葡萄酒的合适方法。
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引用次数: 0
Widely Targeted Metabonomic Analysis to Study Effect of GSH on Metabolites of Chardonnay Wine during Simulated Oxidation GSH对霞多丽葡萄酒模拟氧化代谢产物影响的广泛靶向代谢组学分析
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9090815
Deyan Gao, Cong Wang, Hongmei Shi, Hongmin Liang
The effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) on non-volatile and volatile metabolites of Chardonnay wine during storage under simulated oxidation were investigated. The metabolites of GSH, which play a key role in the storage of white wine, were identified. In this study, GSHs at 0, 10, and 20 mg/L were added to wine samples and stored at 45 °C for 45 days. Wine samples supplemented with 0 mg/L GSH were used as controls (CK). The samples stored for 45 days were analyzed via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 1107 non-volatile metabolites were detected, and 617 volatile metabolites were identified. Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) of >1.0 and Fold Change (FC) of ≧2.0 were used to screen differential metabolites. A total of 59 important non-volatile and 39 differential volatile metabolites were screened. Among the non-volatile metabolites, 17 substances were down-regulated, whereas 16 substances were up-regulated. Among the volatile metabolites, 3 substances were down-regulated, while 19 substances were up-regulated. After analysis, some lipids were found to play an important role in the changes to non-volatile substances. This study provides theoretical support for further application of GSH in increasing the oxidation stability of white wine.
研究了还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对霞多丽葡萄酒在模拟氧化条件下贮藏过程中非挥发性和挥发性代谢产物的影响。鉴定了在白葡萄酒贮藏过程中起关键作用的谷胱甘肽代谢产物。在本研究中,将0、10和20 mg/L的GSH添加到葡萄酒样品中,并在45°C下储存45天。补充0 mg/L GSH的葡萄酒样品用作对照(CK)。储存45天的样品通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法和气相色谱-串列质谱法进行分析。共检测到1107种非挥发性代谢产物,鉴定出617种挥发性代谢产物。使用>1.0的投影变量重要性(VIP)和≥2.0的折叠变化(FC)来筛选差异代谢物。共筛选出59种重要的非挥发性代谢产物和39种差异挥发性代谢产物。在非挥发性代谢产物中,17种物质下调,16种物质上调。挥发性代谢产物中,3种物质下调,19种物质上调。经过分析,发现一些脂质在非挥发性物质的变化中起着重要作用。本研究为进一步应用谷胱甘肽提高白葡萄酒氧化稳定性提供了理论支持。
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Fermentation-Basel
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