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Lignocellulose Degrading Weizmannia coagulans Capable of Enantiomeric L-Lactic Acid Production via Consolidated Bioprocessing 木质纤维素降解魏茨曼凝固剂通过强化生物处理产生对映体l -乳酸
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080761
Punnita Pamueangmun, A. Abdullahi, M. Kabir, Kridsada Unban, Apinun Kanpiengjai, J. Venus, K. Shetty, C. Saenjum, C. Khanongnuch
Second-generation lactic acid production requires the development of sustainable and economically feasible processes and renewable lignocellulose biomass as a starting raw material. Weizmannia coagulans MA42 was isolated from a soil sample in Chiang Mai province, Thailand and showed the highest production of L-lactic acid and lignocellulolytic enzymes (cellulase, β-mannanase, xylanase, β-glucosidase, β-mannosidase, and β-xylosidase) compared to other isolates. Weizmannia coagulans MA42 was able to grow, secrete lignocellulolytic enzymes, and directly produce L-lactic acid in the medium containing various lignocellulosic feedstocks as the sole carbon source. Moreover, L-lactic acid production efficiency was improved after the substrates were pretreated with diluted sulfuric acid and diluted sodium hydroxide. The highest L-lactic acid production efficiency of 553.4 ± 2.9, 325.4 ± 4.1, 326.6 ± 4.4, 528.0 ± 7.2, and 547.0 ± 2.2 mg/g total available carbohydrate was obtained from respective pretreated substrates including sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane trash, corn stover, rice straw, and water hyacinth. It is suggested that structural complexity of the lignocellulosic materials and properties of lignocellulolytic enzymes are the key factors of consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic feedstocks to lactic acid. In addition, the results of this study indicated that W. coagulans MA42 is a potent bacterial candidate for CBP of a variety of lignocellulosic feedstocks to L-lactic acid production; however, further bioprocess development and genetic engineering technique would provide higher lactic acid production efficiency, and this would lead to sustainable lactic acid production from lignocellulosic feedstocks.
第二代乳酸生产需要开发可持续和经济可行的工艺,并以可再生木质纤维素生物质为起始原料。Weizmannia coagulans MA42从泰国清迈省的土壤样品中分离得到,与其他分离菌株相比,其l -乳酸和木质纤维素水解酶(纤维素酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和β-木糖苷酶)的产量最高。Weizmannia coagulans MA42在以多种木质纤维素原料为唯一碳源的培养基中能够生长、分泌木质纤维素水解酶,并直接产生l -乳酸。用稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠对底物进行预处理,提高了l -乳酸的生产效率。甘蔗甘蔗渣、甘蔗垃圾、玉米秸秆、稻草和水葫芦的l -乳酸生产效率最高,分别为553.4±2.9、325.4±4.1、326.6±4.4、528.0±7.2和547.0±2.2 mg/g总有效碳水化合物。综上所述,木质纤维素原料的结构复杂性和木质纤维素水解酶的性能是木质纤维素原料固化生物加工制乳酸的关键因素。此外,本研究结果表明,W.凝固菌MA42是一种有效的候选细菌,可用于多种木质纤维素原料的CBP,以生产l -乳酸;然而,进一步的生物工艺开发和基因工程技术将提供更高的乳酸生产效率,这将导致木质纤维素原料的可持续乳酸生产。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Fermentation-Driven Functionalities of Lactobacillaceae-Originated Probiotics in Preventive Measures of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review 乳酸菌源益生菌在阿尔茨海默病预防措施中的发酵驱动功能研究进展
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080762
Anjali Tripathi, V. Pandey, Vivek Tiwari, Rashi Mishra, K. Dash, E. Harsanyi, B. Kovács, A. Shaikh
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an ascending, neurodegenerative disorder that attacks the brain’s nerve cells, i.e., neurons, resulting in loss of memory, language skills, and thinking and behavioural changes. It is one of the most common causes of dementia, a group of disorders that is marked by the decline of cognitive functioning. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial for human well-being. They help in balancing the extent of bacteria in the gut and support the defensive immune system of the body. Studies have found that probiotics can help with a variety of conditions, including mental health. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help to maintain and strengthen a healthy gut microbiome. The gut microbiome is important for healthy brain function, as it is linked to the production of neurotransmitters and hormones that regulate mood and behaviour. This review article includes detailed review on the origination of probiotics and its significance in the treatment of AD.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种逐渐加重的神经退行性疾病,它攻击大脑的神经细胞,即神经元,导致记忆丧失、语言技能丧失、思维和行为改变。它是痴呆症最常见的原因之一,痴呆症是一组以认知功能下降为特征的疾病。益生菌是对人类有益的活微生物。它们有助于平衡肠道内细菌的数量,并支持身体的防御免疫系统。研究发现,益生菌可以帮助治疗多种疾病,包括心理健康。益生菌是有益的细菌,可以帮助维持和加强健康的肠道微生物群。肠道微生物群对健康的大脑功能很重要,因为它与调节情绪和行为的神经递质和激素的产生有关。本文就益生菌的起源及其在AD治疗中的意义作一综述。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Yeast Inoculation Methods on the Metabolite Composition of Sauvignon Blanc Wines 酵母接种方式对长相思葡萄酒代谢物组成的影响
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080759
F. Pinu, Lily Stuart, Taylan Topal, Abby Albright, D. Martin, C. Grose
Evidence from the literature suggests that different inoculation strategies using either active dry yeast (ADY) or freshly prepared yeast cultures affect wine yeast performance, thus altering biomass and many primary and secondary metabolites produced during fermentation. Here, we investigated how different inoculation methods changed the fermentation behaviour and metabolism of a commercial wine yeast. Using a commercial Sauvignon blanc (SB) grape juice, fermentation was carried out with two different inoculum preparation protocols using Saccharomyces cerevisiae X5: rehydration of commercial ADY and preparation of pre-inoculum in a rich laboratory medium. We also determined the effect of different numbers of yeast cells inoculation (varying from 1 × 106 to 1 × 1012) and successive inoculation on fermentation and end-product formation. The yeast inoculation method and number of cells significantly affected the fermentation time. Principal component analysis (PCA) using 60 wine metabolites showed a separation pattern between wines produced from the two inoculation methods. Inoculation methods influenced the production of amino acids and different aroma compounds, including ethyl and acetate esters. Varietal thiols, 3-mercaptohexanol (3MH), and 4-methyl-4-mercaptopentan-2-one (4MMP) in the wines were affected by the inoculation methods and numbers of inoculated cells, while little impact was observed on 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA) production. Pathway analysis using these quantified metabolites allowed us to identify the most significant pathways, most of which were related to central carbon metabolism, particularly metabolic pathways involving nitrogen and sulphur metabolism. Altogether, these results suggest that inoculation method and number of inoculated cells should be considered in the production of different wine styles.
来自文献的证据表明,使用活性干酵母(ADY)或新鲜制备的酵母培养物的不同接种策略会影响葡萄酒酵母的性能,从而改变生物质和发酵过程中产生的许多初级和次级代谢物。在这里,我们研究了不同的接种方法如何改变发酵行为和代谢的商品酒酵母。以商品长相思(SB)葡萄汁为原料,采用酿酒酵母X5两种不同的接种物制备方案进行发酵:商用ADY复水化和在丰富的实验室培养基中制备预接种物。我们还确定了不同数量的酵母细胞接种(从1 × 106到1 × 1012不等)和连续接种对发酵和最终产物形成的影响。酵母接种方式和细胞数对发酵时间有显著影响。主成分分析(PCA)显示了两种接种方法生产的葡萄酒之间的分离模式。接种方法影响了氨基酸和不同香气化合物(包括乙酯和乙酸酯)的产生。不同接种方式和接种细胞数量对葡萄酒中硫醇、3-巯基己醇(3MH)和4-甲基-4-巯基己醇-2-酮(4MMP)含量均有影响,而对3-巯基己醇乙酸(3MHA)的产量影响不大。利用这些量化的代谢物进行途径分析使我们能够确定最重要的途径,其中大多数与中心碳代谢有关,特别是涉及氮和硫代谢的代谢途径。综上所述,这些结果表明,在生产不同风格的葡萄酒时,应考虑接种方法和接种细胞的数量。
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引用次数: 0
Non-Saccharomyces Yeast Strains, Aromatic Compounds and Sensory Analysis of Italy and Negra Criolla Pisco from the Moquegua Region of Peru 来自秘鲁莫克瓜地区的意大利和Negra Criolla Pisco的非酿酒酵母菌株、芳香化合物和感官分析
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080757
César Augusto Napa-Almeyda, Celia Criado, Jhony Mayta-Hancco, Marcial Silva-Jaimes, Luis Condezo-Hoyos, M. Pozo-Bayón
In this study, we aimed to isolate and phenotypically characterize non-Saccharomyces yeast strains (NSYSs) from the skin of aromatic (Italy) and non-aromatic (Negra Criolla) grapes from vineyards in Moquegua, Peru, typically used for the production of pisco. Our second objective was to characterize the volatile compounds and sensory attributes of pisco made from these grapes. Pichia terricola (56%), Metschnikowia pulcherrima (31%), and Naganishia vaughanmartiniae (13%) were the main NSYSs isolated from the skin of aromatic Italy grapes and identified; meanwhile, Vishniacozyma carnescens (50%), Vishniacozyma heimaeyensis (30%), and Aureobasidium pullulans (20%) were identified on the skin of the non-aromatic Negra Criolla grapes. These NSYSs showed different capacities in terms of carbohydrate fermentation, polygalacturonase activity, ethanol tolerance, sulphite production, and nitrogen consumption. Moreover, the pisco resulting from these varieties of grape had different volatile profiles. Terpene alcohols such as citronellol, geraniol, linalool, and nerol were found in pisco made from Italy grapes, while higher contents of 2-phenylacetate and ethyl esters were found in Negra Criolla Pisco. Intermediate levels of both 1-hexanol and bencyl alcohol were also found in all the pisco. Sensory analysis performed by a trained pisco tasting panel showed that citric, floral, alcohol, and syrup descriptors were more marked in Italy Pisco, while nuts, syrup, alcohol, and floral were the most intense attributes of Negra Criolla Pisco. These results will contribute to determining the potential of indigenous grape yeasts from the Moquegua region as fermentation starters to improve the typical sensory qualities of the pisco produced in this region, which deserves further study.
在这项研究中,我们旨在从秘鲁莫克瓜葡萄园的芳香葡萄(意大利)和非芳香葡萄(Negra Criolla)皮中分离和表型鉴定非酿酒酵母菌株(NSYS),这些葡萄通常用于生产豌豆。我们的第二个目标是表征由这些葡萄制成的pisco的挥发性化合物和感官特性。从芳香的意大利葡萄皮中分离鉴定出的NSYS主要有土生毕赤酵母(56%)、普氏Metschnikowia pulcherrima(31%)和沃氏Naganishia vaughamartiniae(13%);同时,在非芳香的Negra-Crilla葡萄皮上鉴定出肉毒葡萄Vishniacozyma carnescens(50%)、黑马耶延氏葡萄Vishniancozyma heimaeyens(30%)和短梗霉Aureobasidium pullulans(20%)。这些NSYS在碳水化合物发酵、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性、耐乙醇性、亚硫酸盐产生和氮消耗方面表现出不同的能力。此外,这些葡萄品种产生的pisco具有不同的挥发性特征。在由意大利葡萄制成的皮斯科中发现了萜烯醇,如香茅醇、香叶醇、芳樟醇和橙花醇,而在Negra Criolla皮斯科中则发现了更高含量的2-苯乙酸酯和乙酯。在所有的pisco中也发现了中等水平的1-己醇和苄醇。一个经过培训的pisco品尝小组进行的感官分析表明,意大利pisco的柠檬、花香、酒精和糖浆描述符更为明显,而坚果、糖浆、酒精和花香是Negra Criolla pisco最强烈的特征。这些结果将有助于确定莫克瓜地区的本土葡萄酵母作为发酵剂的潜力,以改善该地区生产的豌豆的典型感官品质,这值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of the Ginkgo Wine Fermentation Process and Influence of Fermentation Starter Types on the Brewing Flavor 银杏酒发酵工艺优化及发酵剂类型对酿造风味的影响
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080758
Bolin Chen, Fang Zhang, Zhifan Li, Yaping Hu, Qirong Guo, E. Su, F. Cao
Ginkgo biloba seed (GBS) contains rich nutrients, such as starch, protein, oil, and trace components, such as flavonoids and terpene lactones. Due to its high protein content, it can be used as a raw material for fermentation and brewing. In this study, GBS was selected as the object of a fermentation process optimization test. Six kinds of fermentation starter were selected to brew ginkgo wine. The results showed that different fermentation starters have significant impacts on the composition of the wine. The yeast group had higher total sugar content and comprehensive evaluation scores than the Jiuqu group, while the total acid and total free amino acid contents showed the opposite result. The total flavonoid and total terpene lactone contents of the yeast group were 21.0% and 12.8% higher than those of the Jiuqu group, respectively. However, the 4′-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) and 4′-O-methylpyridoxine-5′-glucoside (MPNG) contents of the yeast group were also 12.6% and 2.3% higher than those of the Jiuqu group, respectively. The common volatile components in the two groups of samples were isoamyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, ethyl octanoate, and phenethyl acetate. The antioxidant capacity of ginkgo wine fermented by yeast was significantly higher than that of the Jiuqu group sample.
银杏种子(GBS)含有丰富的营养成分,如淀粉、蛋白质、油脂和微量成分,如黄酮类和萜烯内酯。由于其蛋白质含量高,可以作为发酵和酿造的原料。本研究选择GBS作为发酵工艺优化试验的对象。选用6种发酵剂酿造银杏酒。结果表明,不同发酵剂对葡萄酒的成分有显著影响。酵母组总糖含量和综合评价分数高于酒曲组,总酸和总游离氨基酸含量与酒曲组相反。酵母组的总黄酮和总萜内酯含量分别比酒曲组高21.0%和12.8%。酵母组的4′- o -甲基吡哆醇(MPN)和4′- o -甲基吡哆醇-5′-葡萄糖苷(MPNG)含量也分别比酒曲组高12.6%和2.3%。两组样品中常见挥发性成分为异戊醇、苯乙醇、辛酸乙酯和乙酸苯乙酯。酵母发酵银杏酒的抗氧化能力显著高于酒曲组样品。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation and Characterization of Enterococcus faecium from Fermented Korean Soybean Paste with Antibacterial Effects 发酵大豆酱中粪肠球菌的分离及抗菌性能研究
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080760
Ki-seok Han, Soyoung Park, A. Sathiyaseelan, Myeon-Hyeon Wang
In the present study, a total of eight Enterococcus faecium (OQ940301, OQ940302, OQ940303, OQ940304, OQ940305, OQ940308, OQ940309, and OQ940310) were isolated from soybean paste, a traditional Korean fermented food, and evaluated for their probiotic properties. The results showed that all the E. faecium strains survived in simulated human gastrointestinal conditions (4.1–5.59 log10 CFU/mL). In addition, the range of auto-aggregation was 5–25%, the hydrophobicity was around 94%, and it exhibited significant co-aggregation ability with Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus. However, all the isolates were shown to be resistant to Gentamycin. The bacterial cell-free supernatant showed antibacterial activity against S. enterica, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and S. aureus. Furthermore, E. faecium exhibited potent anti-oxidant activity by scavenging 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radicals. In addition, safety was confirmed by evaluating the hemolytic activity in blood agar; none of the bacterial isolates showed hemolysis. These results demonstrated that E. faecium (OQ940301 and OQ940309) isolated from soybean paste showed a higher probiotic potential.
本研究从韩国传统发酵食品大酱中分离得到8株粪肠球菌(OQ940301、OQ940302、OQ940303、OQ940304、OQ940305、OQ940308、OQ940309和OQ940310),并对其益生菌特性进行了评价。结果表明,在模拟人胃肠道条件(4.1 ~ 5.59 log10 CFU/mL)下,所有粪肠杆菌菌株均存活。自聚集范围为5 ~ 25%,疏水性在94%左右,与肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌表现出显著的共聚集能力。然而,所有分离株均显示对庆大霉素耐药。细菌无细胞上清液对肠链球菌、大肠杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌活性。此外,粪肠杆菌还能清除2,2′-氮基-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基,显示出较强的抗氧化活性。此外,通过对血琼脂的溶血活性评价,证实了其安全性;所有细菌分离株均未出现溶血现象。结果表明,从大豆酱中分离得到的粪肠杆菌(OQ940301和OQ940309)具有较高的益生菌潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Microbial Reinforcement on Polyphenols in the Acetic Acid Fermentation of Shanxi-Aged Vinegar 微生物强化对山西老醋醋酸发酵过程中多酚的影响
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080756
Peng Du, Yingqi Li, Chenrui Zhen, Jia Song, Jiayi Hou, Jia Gou, Xinyue Li, Sankuan Xie, Jingli Zhou, Yufeng Yan, Yu Zheng, Min Wang
Polyphenols are important functional substances produced in the acetic acid fermentation (AAF) of Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV). Previous studies have shown that the metabolic activity of microorganisms is closely related to polyphenol production and accumulation. In this study, microorganisms in the AAF of SAV were analyzed to explore how to increase the polyphenol yield by changing the microorganisms and reveal the potential mechanism of the microbial influence on the polyphenol yield. Macrotranscriptome analysis showed that acetic and lactic acid bacteria dominated the AAF fermentation process and initially increased and decreased. Spearman correlation analysis and verification experiments showed that the co-addition of Acetobacter pasteurianus and Lactobacillus helveticus promoted the accumulation of polyphenols, and the total polyphenol content increased by 72% after strengthening.
多酚类物质是山西陈醋醋酸发酵过程中产生的重要功能物质。以往的研究表明,微生物的代谢活动与多酚的产生和积累密切相关。本研究通过对SAV AAF中的微生物进行分析,探讨如何通过改变微生物来提高多酚的产率,揭示微生物影响多酚产率的潜在机制。大转录组分析表明,乙酸和乳酸菌在AAF发酵过程中占主导地位,呈先升高后降低的趋势。Spearman相关分析和验证实验表明,巴氏醋酸杆菌和helveticus乳杆菌的共同添加促进了多酚的积累,强化后总多酚含量增加了72%。
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引用次数: 0
Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Substrate Characteristics (Challenge) and Innovation 木质纤维素生物质厌氧消化:底物特性(挑战)和创新
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-13 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080755
C. Manyi-Loh, R. Lues
Modern society is characterised by its outstanding capacity to generate waste. Lignocellulosic biomass is most abundant in nature and is biorenewable and contains energy sources formed via biological photosynthesis from the available atmospheric carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. It is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, constituting a complex polymer. The traditional disposal of these types of waste is associated with several environmental and public health effects; however, they could be harnessed to produce several value-added products and clean energy. Moreover, the increase in population and industrialisation have caused current energy resources to be continuously exploited, resulting in the depletion of global fuel reservoirs. The overexploitation of resources has caused negative environmental effects such as climate change, exacerbating global greenhouse gas emissions. In the quest to meet the world’s future energy needs and adequate management of these types of waste, the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass has remained the focus, attracting great interest as a sustainable alternative to fossil carbon resources. However, substrate characteristics offer recalcitrance to the process, which negatively impacts the methane yield. Nevertheless, the biodigestibility of these substrates can be enhanced through chemical, physical, and biological pretreatment methods, leading to improvement in biogas yields. Furthermore, the co-digestion of these substrates with other types and adding specific nutrients as trace elements or inoculum will help to adjust substrate characteristics to a level appropriate for efficient anaerobic digestion and increased biogas yield.
现代社会的特点是产生废物的能力突出。木质纤维素生物质在自然界中是最丰富的,是生物可再生的,并且包含通过生物光合作用从可用的大气二氧化碳、水和阳光中形成的能源。它由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素组成,构成一种复杂的聚合物。这类废物的传统处置方式与若干环境和公共卫生影响有关;然而,它们可以用来生产几种增值产品和清洁能源。此外,人口的增长和工业化导致当前的能源资源不断被开采,导致全球燃料储备枯竭。资源的过度开发造成了气候变化等负面环境影响,加剧了全球温室气体排放。为了满足世界未来的能源需求和充分管理这些类型的废物,木质纤维素生物质的厌氧消化仍然是焦点,作为化石碳资源的可持续替代品引起了极大的兴趣。然而,底物的特性对该过程产生了阻力,这对甲烷产量产生了负面影响。然而,这些底物的生物消化率可以通过化学、物理和生物预处理方法来提高,从而提高沼气产量。此外,将这些底物与其他类型的底物共消化,并添加特定的营养物质,如微量元素或接种物,将有助于将底物特性调整到适合有效厌氧消化和提高沼气产量的水平。
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引用次数: 3
Research Progress of Lytic Chitin Monooxygenase and Its Utilization in Chitin Resource Fermentation Transformation 裂解几丁质单加氧酶及其在几丁质资源发酵转化中的应用研究进展
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-13 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080754
Delong Pan, Jinze Liu, Peiyao Xiao, Yukun Xie, Xiuling Zhou, Yang Zhang
Every year, seafood waste produced globally contains about 10 million tons of wasted crab, shrimp and lobster shells, which are rich in chitin resources. The exploitation and utilization of chitin resources are of great significance to environmental protection, economic development and sustainable development. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) can catalyze polysaccharides by oxidative breakage of glycosidic bonds and have catalytic activity for chitin and cellulose, so they play an important role in the transformation of refractory polysaccharides into biomass. Although there have been many studies related to LPMOs, the research related to lytic chitin monooxygenases (LCMs) is still very limited. The specific catalytic mechanism of LCMs has not been fully elucidated, which poses a challenge to their application in industrial biomass conversion. This review introduces the present situation of resource development and utilization in chitin, the origin and classification of different LCMs families, the structural characteristics of LCMs and the relationship between structure and function. The research results related to activity detection, screening, preparation and transformation of LCMs were summarized and discussed. Finally, the synergistic effect of LCMs and chitin enzyme on biomass degradation was reviewed, and the existing problems and future research directions were pointed out. This is the first review focusing on Chitin-Active LPMOs in recent years, intending to provide a reference for applying chitin degradation enzymes system in the industry.
全球每年产生的海产品废弃物约有1000万吨的废弃蟹、虾、龙虾壳,它们富含几丁质资源。甲壳素资源的开发利用对环境保护、经济发展和可持续发展具有重要意义。多糖单加氧酶(Lytic多糖monooxygenase, LPMOs)通过氧化破坏糖苷键催化多糖生成,对甲壳素和纤维素具有催化活性,在难降解多糖转化为生物质的过程中发挥重要作用。虽然与LPMOs相关的研究已经很多,但与裂解几丁质单加氧酶(lytic chitin monooxygenases, lcm)相关的研究仍然非常有限。lcm的具体催化机理尚未完全阐明,这给其在工业生物质转化中的应用带来了挑战。本文综述了几丁质的资源开发利用现状、几丁质不同科的来源和分类、几丁质的结构特点以及结构与功能的关系。对lcm活性检测、筛选、制备和转化等方面的研究成果进行了总结和讨论。最后,综述了lcm和几丁质酶对生物质降解的协同作用,并指出了存在的问题和未来的研究方向。本文是近年来首次对几丁质活性LPMOs进行综述,旨在为几丁质降解酶系统在工业上的应用提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of a Metallic-Ions-Independent L-Arabinose Isomerase from Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Production of D-Tagatose as a Functional Sweetener 内生解淀粉芽孢杆菌中一种不依赖金属离子的L-阿拉伯糖异构酶的特性研究
IF 3.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9080749
Hoda M. Shehata, Mohamed N. Abd El-Ghany, S. Hamdi, M. Abomughaid, Khaled I. Ghaleb, Zeinat Kamel, Mohamed G. Farahat
D-Tagatose is a low-calorie sugar substitute that has gained increased attention as a functional sweetener owing to its nutraceutical and prebiotic properties. Traditionally, D-tagatose is produced via the enzymatic conversion of L-galactose to D-tagatose by L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI). Nonetheless, the most reported L-AI enzymes are ion-dependent enzymes requiring Mn2+ and/or Co2+ as cofactors for their reactions, which limits their application due to safety and health concerns. Herein, we addressed the facile bioconversion of L-galactose to D-tagatose using a novel recombinant metallic-ions-independent L-AI derived from endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CAAI isolated from cantaloupe fruits. The ORF (1500 bp) of the L-arabinose isomerase gene (araA) was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme (BAAI) was purified to homogeneity using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, yielding a single distinct band with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 59 kDa as deduced from SDS-PAGE analysis. The purified enzyme showed optimum activity at pH and temperature of 7.5 and 45 °C, respectively, with obvious enzymatic activity in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), indicating the metallic-ions independence from BAAI. The Km values of BAAI for D-galactose and L-arabinose were 251.6 mM and 92.8 mM, respectively. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) values for D-galactose and L-arabinose were found to be 2.34 and 46.85 mM–1 min–1, respectively. The results revealed the production of 47.2 g/L D-tagatose from D-galactose (100 g/L) with 47.2% bioconversion efficiency in a metallic-ions-free reaction system that could be implemented in safe-production of food-grade low-calorie sweetener, D-tagatose.
塔格糖是一种低热量的糖替代品,由于其营养和益生元特性,作为一种功能性甜味剂受到越来越多的关注。传统上,d -塔格糖是通过l -阿拉伯糖异构酶(L-AI)将l -半乳糖转化为d -塔格糖生产的。尽管如此,大多数报道的L-AI酶是离子依赖性酶,需要Mn2+和/或Co2+作为其反应的辅助因子,这限制了它们的应用,因为安全和健康问题。本研究利用从哈密瓜果实中分离出来的解淀粉内生芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CAAI)中提取的新型重组金属离子不依赖的L-AI,研究了l -半乳糖向d -塔格糖的生物转化。克隆了l -阿拉伯糖异构酶基因(araA)的ORF (1500 bp),并在大肠杆菌中过表达。重组酶(BAAI)通过Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化到均匀性,SDS-PAGE分析得到一个明显的条带,表观分子质量约为59 kDa。纯化后的酶在pH为7.5℃、温度为45℃时活性最佳,在乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)存在时酶活性明显,表明BAAI的金属离子不依赖于BAAI。d -半乳糖和l -阿拉伯糖BAAI的Km值分别为251.6 mM和92.8 mM。d -半乳糖和l -阿拉伯糖的催化效率(kcat/Km)分别为2.34和46.85 mM-1 min-1。结果表明,在无金属离子反应体系中,从100 g/L的d-半乳糖生产47.2 g/L的d-塔格糖,生物转化率为47.2%,可用于安全生产食品级低热量甜味剂d-塔格糖。
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Fermentation-Basel
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