Imaging biomacromolecules in action in a liquid environment poses a challenge to single-molecule experiments. Liquid-phase electron microscopy (LP-EM) has demonstrated its unique ability to reveal previously unseen transient dynamics and intermediate states of delicate biomacromolecular systems (protein, DNA/RNA) with deep-learning methods and careful evaluation of electron beam effects.
Although known for over a century, only now are Zintl clusters being investigated as catalysts. These clusters can serve as intermediaries between discrete molecules and bulk solids, allowing them to act as atom-precise models whose reactivity may map onto their heterogeneous counterparts. Key contributions in homogeneous Zintl catalysis are discussed.
Matched molecular pair (MMP) analysis is a powerful technique to assess the impact of a structural change on the collective properties of a molecule. This is particularly valuable in medicinal chemistry and drug development, which require the balancing of a range of molecular properties simultaneously.
The entirety of the lifecycle of a polymer is of the utmost importance, which begins with the consideration of the origin of the starting material. Sourcing starting materials from renewable resources is critical, however, they should not interrupt the food supply chain and be readily available for transformation into monomers and/or polymers.
In this short review, we discuss recent progress in developing better understanding of the segregation in mixed composition metal halide perovskite materials and the closely related phenomenon of ion migration (which occurs in both single phase and mixed perovskites). We focus in particular on electrochemical aspects of these phenomena, since they are particularly relevant for the operational stability of devices. A short overview of the methods to suppress segregation/ion migration is given, followed by a summary of the stability milestones in perovskite solar cells and perovskite light emitting diodes. Finally, future outlooks and challenges are discussed.
Metastable-phase 2D noble-metal oxides, combining the advantages of noble-metal oxides, 2D materials, and metastable-phase materials are considered some of the most promising new catalysts for catalytic reactions. However, the thermodynamic instability of metastable-phase materials can lead to their transition to a stable phase resulting in the decay of catalytic activity, which is far from satisfactory in practical applications. In this review, research progress on metastable-phase 2D noble-metal oxides towards electrocatalysis is reported, including IrO2, RuO2, RhO2 and PtO2, with emphasis on the advantages of metastable-phase 2D noble-metal oxides, detailed synthesis methods and catalyst-design strategies. Finally, the future prospects and challenges of metastable-phase 2D noble-metal oxide catalysts are provided.
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