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Fatigue damage calculation of cold recycled asphalt pavement considering measured temperature field and traffic volume distribution 考虑实测温度场和车流量分布的冷再生沥青路面疲劳损伤计算
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023189
Zhao Dong, Z. Sai, Jinglin Zhang, Guangji Xu
A finite element simulation method for fatigue damage calculation and life prediction of pavement structures under the influence of temperature and traffic distribution factors was proposed in this study. Relying on the test cold recycled asphalt pavement structure, the existing distress, pavement structure forms, field monitored temperature and strain were first introduced and analyzed. Then, in constructing the numerical model, the viscoelastic constitutive model was introduced to characterize the effect of temperature and loading conditions on the mechanical response of the hot mix asphalt (HMA) layers and the emulsified asphalt cold recycled (EACR) layer. The damage variables are defined by fatigue equations, and the damage accumulation can be determined by Miner's linear fatigue accumulation theory. To reflect the distribution of traffic volume, the total traffic volume of a year was divided into 144 axle load groups according to the monthly and hourly distribution conditions. Accordingly, based on the monthly maximum and minimum temperature, 12 representative days were selected to represent the climate characteristics of 12 months, respectively. Then, each representative day's measured structural temperature data were extracted every 2 hours and linearly interpolated to obtain 144 representative temperature fields corresponding to 144 axle load groups. Through the above method, simulation calculations were performed for cold recycled asphalt pavement structures with different cement-stabilized aggregate (CSA) base stiffnesses. The results show that the fatigue damage accumulation of the EACR layers reaches its highest value in winter and midday hours, owing to the temperature variation and traffic distribution. Due to the weak fatigue resistance of EACR mixtures, it is not recommended to be paved EACR layers directly on top of the CSA base with poor bearing capacity. Otherwise, fatigue cracking is likely to occur first. For this reason, recommendations for ensuring the durability of the cold recycled pavement structure were also proposed in the study.
提出了一种温度和交通分布因素影响下路面结构疲劳损伤计算和寿命预测的有限元模拟方法。以冷再生沥青路面结构试验为依托,首先对现有病害、路面结构形式、现场监测温度和应变进行了介绍和分析。然后,在构建数值模型时,引入粘弹性本构模型来表征温度和载荷条件对热拌沥青(HMA)层和乳化冷再生沥青(EACR)层力学响应的影响。损伤变量由疲劳方程定义,损伤累积可由Miner的线性疲劳累积理论确定。为了反映交通量的分布情况,根据月、时分布情况,将一年的总交通量划分为144个轴重组。据此,根据月最高气温和月最低气温,选取12个代表性日分别代表12个月的气候特征。然后,每隔2小时提取有代表性的一天的实测结构温度数据,进行线性插值,得到144个轴载组对应的144个有代表性的温度场。通过上述方法,对不同水泥稳定骨料(CSA)基层刚度的冷再生沥青路面结构进行了模拟计算。结果表明:受温度变化和交通分布的影响,EACR层的疲劳损伤累积在冬季和中午时段达到最大值;由于EACR混合料的抗疲劳性能较弱,不建议在承载力较差的CSA基层上直接铺设EACR层。否则,很可能首先发生疲劳开裂。为此,本研究还提出了保证冷再生路面结构耐久性的建议。
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引用次数: 0
A hybrid method for the interior inverse scattering problem 内部逆散射问题的一种混合方法
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023168
In this paper, the interior inverse scattering problem of a cavity is considered. By use of a general boundary condition, we can reconstruct the shape of the cavity without a priori information of the boundary condition type. The method of fundamental solutions (MFS) with regularization is formulated for solving the scattered field and its normal derivative on the cavity boundary. Newton's method is employed to reconstruct the cavity boundary by satisfying the general boundary condition. This hybrid method copes with the ill-posedness of the inverse problem in the MFS step and deals with the nonlinearity in the Newton's step. Some computational examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
本文研究了腔体内部逆散射问题。利用一般的边界条件,我们可以在没有边界条件类型先验信息的情况下重建空腔的形状。提出了一种正则化的基本解方法,用于求解空腔边界上的散射场及其法向导数。在满足一般边界条件的情况下,采用牛顿法重构腔体边界。该混合方法解决了MFS步反问题的病态性和牛顿步的非线性问题。算例验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Comprehensive operating efficiency measurement of 28 Chinese airports using a two-stage DEA-Tobit method 基于两阶段DEA-Tobit方法的中国28个机场综合运营效率测度
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023078
Ming Wei, Shao-yun Zhang, Bo Sun
This paper presents a two-stage method combining data envelopment analysis (DEA) and a Tobit model to analyze the comprehensive operating efficiency of 28 airports in China in 2016. At the first stage, the DEA-BCC (Banker-Charnes-Cooper) model was employed to obtain the comprehensive operating efficiency of the combination of flight departure punctuality, non-cancellations, landing bridge rates from the perspective of airport infrastructure, surrounding airspace, route layouts, flight volume and weather. At the second stage, a Tobit model was used to analyze the influence of nine input variables from four aspects on obtained comprehensive operating efficiency, ultimately providing a clear and straightforward basis for formulating and testing policies. The comprehensive operating efficiency with this combination was further compared with each of the three efficiencies respectively. The important findings included the following: (1) The comprehensive operation efficiencies of most airports were greater than the individual efficiency; (2) These four types of operation efficiencies for most airports did not achieved DEA validity (100% efficiency), except for six airports (i.e., Haikou, Dalian, Jinan, Fuzhou, Nanning and Lanzhou); (3) These factors affecting each of the four types of operation efficiencies were different in that the number of terminals, duration of impact and average daily inbound and outbound flights had a negative impact on airport operational efficiency, while the average number of overnight aircraft per day and peak hour sorties had positive effects.
本文采用数据包络分析(DEA)和Tobit模型相结合的两阶段方法,对2016年中国28个机场的综合运营效率进行了分析。第一阶段,采用DEA-BCC (Banker-Charnes-Cooper)模型,从机场基础设施、周边空域、航线布局、航班量和天气等角度,得到航班起飞正点率、不取消率、着陆桥率组合的综合运行效率。第二阶段采用Tobit模型,从四个方面分析9个输入变量对所获得的综合运营效率的影响,最终为政策的制定和检验提供清晰、直观的依据。并将该组合的综合运行效率分别与三种效率进行比较。研究发现:(1)大部分机场的综合运营效率大于单项运营效率;(2)除海口、大连、济南、福州、南宁、兰州6个机场外,其余机场的4类运营效率均未达到DEA有效性(100%效率);(3)影响四类运营效率的因素各不相同,航站楼数量、影响时间和日均进出港航班对机场运营效率有负向影响,日均过夜飞机数量和高峰小时架次对机场运营效率有正向影响。
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引用次数: 3
Enterprise financialization and R&D innovation: A case study of listed companies in China 企业金融化与研发创新:以中国上市公司为例
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023124
Yue Liu, Jinzhi Liu, Lichang Zhang
In financial asset allocation, enterprises adjust their investment in R&D innovation according to their motives and the external environment. Based on a review of the literature related to enterprise financialization and R&D innovation, this paper proposes research hypotheses through theoretical analysis first; then, taking China's A-share non-financial listed companies from 2010 to 2019 as research objects, this paper explores the relationship between enterprise financialization and R&D innovation with a quantile panel data model; further, the heterogeneous relationship between the two under different business cycle phases is empirically analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn. First, there is a dynamic relationship between enterprise financialization and R&D innovation, varying with different financing constraints. Second, the dynamic relationship between enterprise financialization and R&D innovation stems from the motivation difference in enterprise asset allocation. Third, there are significant differences in the dynamic relationship at different business cycle phases.
在金融资产配置中,企业根据自身动机和外部环境调整研发创新投入。本文在对企业金融化与研发创新相关文献进行梳理的基础上,首先通过理论分析提出研究假设;然后,以2010 - 2019年中国a股非金融类上市公司为研究对象,采用分位数面板数据模型探讨企业金融化与研发创新的关系;进一步,实证分析了不同经济周期阶段下两者的异质关系。得出以下结论。首先,企业金融化与研发创新之间存在动态关系,且随着融资约束条件的不同而变化。第二,企业金融化与研发创新的动态关系源于企业资产配置的动机差异。第三,不同经济周期阶段的动态关系存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 14
Existence of a positive radial solution for semilinear elliptic problem involving variable exponent 变指数半线性椭圆型问题径向正解的存在性
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023125
Changmu Chu, Shan Li, H. Suo

This paper consider that the following semilinear elliptic equation

begin{document}$ begin{equation} left{ begin{array}{ll} -Delta u = u^{q(x)-1}, & {mbox{in}} B_1, u>0, & {mbox{in}} B_1, u = 0, & {mbox{in}} partial B_1, end{array} right. end{equation} $end{document}

where $ B_1 $ is the unit ball in $ mathbb{R}^N(Ngeq 3) $, $ q(x) = q(|x|) $ is a continuous radial function satifying $ 2leq q(x) < 2^* = frac{2N}{N-2} $ and $ q(0) > 2 $. Using variational methods and a priori estimate, the existence of a positive radial solution for (0.1) is obtained.

This paper consider that the following semilinear elliptic equation 0.1 begin{document}$ begin{equation} left{ begin{array}{ll} -Delta u = u^{q(x)-1}, & {mbox{in}} B_1, u>0, & {mbox{in}} B_1, u = 0, & {mbox{in}} partial B_1, end{array} right. end{equation} $end{document} where $ B_1 $ is the unit ball in $ mathbb{R}^N(Ngeq 3) $, $ q(x) = q(|x|) $ is a continuous radial function satifying $ 2leq q(x) < 2^* = frac{2N}{N-2} $ and $ q(0) > 2 $. Using variational methods and a priori estimate, the existence of a positive radial solution for (0.1) is obtained.
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引用次数: 0
Robust portfolio choice with limited attention 有限注意力下稳健的投资组合选择
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023186
Yue Ma, Zhongfei Li
This paper investigates a robust portfolio selection problem with the agent's limited attention. The agent has access to a risk-free asset and a stock in a financial market. But she does not observe perfectly the expected return rate of the stock so she has to estimate this key parameter before making decisions. Besides the general observable financial information, the agent can also acquire a news signal process whose accuracy depends on the agent's attention. We assume that the agent pays limited attention on the signal and she does not trust her estimation model. So it is necessary to consider model ambiguity in this paper as well. The agent maximizes the expected utility of her terminal wealth under the worst-case scenario. Under this setting, we derive the robust optimal strategy explicitly. In the presence of the attention and ambiguity aversion, the myopic term of the strategy, the hedging term of the strategy and the worst-case scenario are all changed. We find that more attention makes the variance of the estimated return smaller. The numerical examples also show that a more attentive agent has a better estimation of the unobservable parameter and is more confident on her estimation. Consequently, the worst-case scenario deviates less from the reference model, which implies a higher expected return rate under the worst-case scenario, thus invests more in the stock.
研究了一个具有有限注意力的稳健投资组合选择问题。代理人可以在金融市场上获得无风险资产和股票。但是她并没有完全观察到股票的预期回报率,所以她必须在做决定之前估计这个关键参数。除了一般可观察到的财务信息外,智能体还可以获取新闻信号过程,其准确性取决于智能体的注意力。我们假设agent对信号的关注有限,并且不相信自己的估计模型。因此,本文也有必要考虑模型的模糊性。在最坏情况下,代理人使其终端财富的预期效用最大化。在此条件下,明确地推导出鲁棒最优策略。在注意和歧义厌恶存在的情况下,策略的短视项、对冲项和最坏情况都发生了变化。我们发现,关注越多,估计收益的方差越小。数值算例还表明,越细心的智能体对不可观测参数的估计越好,对自己的估计也越有信心。因此,最坏情况与参考模型的偏差较小,这意味着在最坏情况下的期望回报率更高,因此投资更多的股票。
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引用次数: 1
A simple and efficient numerical method for the Allen–Cahn equation on effective symmetric triangular meshes 有效对称三角形网格上Allen-Cahn方程的一种简单有效的数值求解方法
IF 0.8 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023233
Youngjin Hwang, Seokju Ham, Chaeyoung Lee, Gyeonggyu Lee, S. Kang, Junseok Kim
In this paper, we propose a novel, simple, efficient, and explicit numerical method for the Allen–Cahn (AC) equation on effective symmetric triangular meshes. First, we compute the net vector of all vectors starting from each node point to its one-ring neighbor vertices and virtually adjust the neighbor vertices so that the net vector is zero. Then, we define the values at the virtually adjusted nodes using linear and quadratic interpolations. Finally, we define a discrete Laplace operator on triangular meshes. We perform several computational experiments to demonstrate the performance of the proposed numerical method for the Laplace operator, the diffusion equation, and the AC equation on triangular meshes.
本文提出了一种新颖、简单、高效、显式的有效对称三角网格上Allen-Cahn (AC)方程的数值求解方法。首先,我们计算从每个节点点到其单环相邻顶点的所有向量的净向量,并虚拟地调整相邻顶点,使净向量为零。然后,我们使用线性插值和二次插值来定义虚拟调整节点的值。最后,我们在三角网格上定义了一个离散拉普拉斯算子。我们进行了几个计算实验来证明所提出的拉普拉斯算子、扩散方程和三角形网格上的AC方程的数值方法的性能。
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引用次数: 0
On the regularization and matrix Lyapunov functions for fuzzy differential systems with uncertain parameters 参数不确定模糊微分系统的正则化与矩阵Lyapunov函数
4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023310
Anatoliy Martynyuk, Gani Stamov, Ivanka Stamova, Yulya Martynyuk–Chernienko

In this paper, for a regularized fuzzy system, a generalization of the direct Lyapunov method is adapted on the base of matrix-valued Lyapunov-like functions. First, the new concept of a regularization scheme for fuzzy systems is discussed and the matrix-valued Lyapunov function technique is introduced. Then, sufficient conditions are established for the boundedness and stability of the equilibrium set of solutions of the regularized fuzzy system of differential equations. Scalar and vector Lyapunov-type functions are used based on an auxiliary matrix-valued function. Finally, a discussion is offered for the future directions of the proposed approach. Since the strategies for the analysis of the stability of fuzzy models are very important in numerous aspects, we expect that our results will inspire researchers to develop the introduced concept.

本文在矩阵值类李雅普诺夫函数的基础上,对正则化模糊系统进行了直接李雅普诺夫方法的推广。首先,讨论了模糊系统正则化方案的新概念,并引入了矩阵值李雅普诺夫函数技术。然后,建立了正则化模糊微分方程组平衡解集的有界性和稳定性的充分条件。标量和矢量李雅普诺夫型函数是基于辅助矩阵值函数使用的。最后,对该方法的未来发展方向进行了讨论。由于模糊模型稳定性分析的策略在许多方面都非常重要,我们期望我们的结果将激励研究人员发展所引入的概念。</ </abstract>
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引用次数: 0
Microscopic mechanism of subgrade vibration compaction based on discrete element method 基于离散元法的路基振动压实细观机理
4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023358
Xin Gao, Hao Liu, Zhou Fang, Yang Zhang

The discrete element is an important tool for vibration compaction simulation from the microscopic viewpoint. The irregular particle model was established by the disc filling method, and the linear contact model with anti-rolling was selected to reflect the contact characteristics between the particles, so as to establish the simulation model of subgrade vibratory compaction. Based on this model, the stress characteristics of the area below the center of the vibrating wheel and the surface area of the soil were studied, and the principle of vibratory compaction was discussed. The results show that the distribution of vertical stresses below the center of drum basically presents a decreasing trend in the depth range during vibration, with the stress amplitude of the lower structure increasing and the stress magnitude of the upper structure decreasing. The distribution of horizontal stresses in the area below the center of the vibrating wheel is similar to the stress distribution in the splitting test. The soil at the surface has an obvious pushing and squeezing effect, and the transmission distance of horizontal stresses is larger than that of vertical stresses. The soil at the surface is pushed and the horizontal stresses are transmitted at a greater distance than the vertical stresses, which, together with a certain degree of shear effect, causes a certain uplift deformation of the soil around the vibrating wheel. In general, the vibration compaction process is relatively consistent with the theory of repeated loading and the theory of alternating shear strain.

& lt; abstract>从微观角度看,离散元是振动压实模拟的重要工具。采用圆盘填充法建立不规则颗粒模型,选择具有抗滚动的线性接触模型来反映颗粒之间的接触特性,从而建立路基振动压实仿真模型。在此基础上,研究了振动轮中心以下区域和土体表面积的应力特性,并对振动压实原理进行了探讨。结果表明:在振动深度范围内,鼓心以下垂直应力分布基本呈减小趋势,下部结构应力幅值增大,上部结构应力幅值减小;振动轮中心以下区域的水平应力分布与劈裂试验时的应力分布相似。地表土体具有明显的推挤作用,且水平应力的传递距离大于垂直应力的传递距离。表面土体受到推力作用,水平应力传递距离大于垂直应力,加之一定程度的剪切效应,使振动轮周围土体产生一定的上扬变形。总体而言,振动压实过程相对符合重复加载理论和交变剪切应变理论。& lt; / abstract>
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引用次数: 0
A survey of generative adversarial networks and their application in text-to-image synthesis 生成对抗网络及其在文本到图像合成中的应用综述
4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/era.2023362
Wu Zeng, Heng-liang Zhu, Chuan Lin, Zheng-ying Xiao

With the continuous development of science and technology (especially computational devices with powerful computing capabilities), the image generation technology based on deep learning has also made significant achievements. Most cross-modal technologies based on deep learning can generate information from text into images, which has become a hot topic of current research. Text-to-image (T2I) synthesis technology has applications in multiple fields of computer vision, such as image enhancement, artificial intelligence painting, games and virtual reality. The T2I generation technology using generative adversarial networks can generate more realistic and diverse images, but there are also some shortcomings and challenges, such as difficulty in generating complex backgrounds. This review will be introduced in the following order. First, we introduce the basic principles and architecture of basic and classic generative adversarial networks (GANs). Second, this review categorizes T2I synthesis methods into four main categories. There are methods based on semantic enhancement, methods based on progressive structure, methods based on attention and methods based on introducing additional signals. We have chosen some of the classic and latest T2I methods for introduction and explain their main advantages and shortcomings. Third, we explain the basic dataset and evaluation indicators in the T2I field. Finally, prospects for future research directions are discussed. This review provides a systematic introduction to the basic GAN method and the T2I method based on it, which can serve as a reference for researchers.

随着科学技术(特别是具有强大计算能力的计算设备)的不断发展,基于深度学习的图像生成技术也取得了显著的成就。大多数基于深度学习的跨模态技术都可以将文本信息生成为图像,这已经成为当前研究的热点。文本到图像(tt2i)合成技术在计算机视觉的多个领域有应用,如图像增强、人工智能绘画、游戏和虚拟现实。使用生成对抗网络的T2I生成技术可以生成更加逼真和多样化的图像,但也存在一些缺点和挑战,例如难以生成复杂的背景。这篇综述将按以下顺序介绍。首先,我们介绍了基本和经典生成对抗网络(gan)的基本原理和结构。其次,本文将T2I综合方法分为四大类。有基于语义增强的方法、基于递进结构的方法、基于注意的方法和基于引入附加信号的方法。我们选择了一些经典的和最新的T2I方法进行介绍,并解释了它们的主要优点和缺点。第三,解释了T2I领域的基本数据集和评价指标。最后,对今后的研究方向进行了展望。本文系统介绍了GAN的基本方法及其基础上的T2I方法,可供研究人员参考。</p></abstract>
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引用次数: 0
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