Rhizosphere最新文献_第5页

Native entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) provide effective biocontrol against Oriental leafworm moth, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cabbage 本地昆虫病原线虫（Steinernematidae 和 Heterorhabditidae）对卷心菜中的东方卷叶蛾（Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)）（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）具有有效的生物防治作用

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100978

Aarthi Nekkanti , Jagadeesh Patil , Sonia Soni , Gotyal B S , Manjunatha T. Gowda , Jayalaxmi Ganguli , S.N. Sushil

The Oriental leafworm, Spodoptera litura, is a polyphagous pest that attacks several crops. In this study, we studied the susceptibility of the larval and pupal stages of S. litura to native entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis indica NBAIRH80, and S. surkhetense NBAIRS81. Bioassay results revealed that upon inoculating 400 infective juveniles (IJ) larva⁻¹ to fourth-instar S. litura larvae with H. indica and S. surkhetense, H. indica caused 100% mortality whereas S. surkhetense caused 54% mortality. When S. litura pupae were inoculated with 50 IJ of H. indica, the pupal mortality was only 10% when the IJ concentration was increased to 600 IJ pupa⁻¹, the pupal mortality also increased to 80%. The percentage mortality in larvae and pupae of S. litura increased significantly with increase in the exposure time. Both nematode species were able to penetrate into the S. litura larvae and also completed their life cycle by producing large numbers of IJ. Pot and field experiments showed that cabbage plants sprayed with H. indica and flubendiamide significantly reduced the number of larvae, leaf injury (H. indica: 0.7: 0–4 scale flubendiamide: 0.4: 0–4 scale), head injury (H. indica: 0.5: 0–4 scale flubendiamide: 0.6: 0–4 scale) and increasing yield (H. indica: 23.57 tonnes ha⁻¹ flubendiamide: 25.53 tonnes ha⁻¹). These results showed that, H. indica performed equally well that of flubendiamide. Overall results showed that H. indica NBAIRH80 can be incorporated in integrated pest management programme for S. litura.

东方叶虫（Spodoptera litura）是一种多食性害虫，可侵害多种作物。在这项研究中，我们研究了东方叶虫幼虫和蛹期对本地昆虫病原线虫 Heterorhabditis indica NBAIRH80 和 S. surkhetense NBAIRS81 的易感性。生物测定结果表明，将 400 头感染性幼虫（IJ）幼虫-1 接种到第四龄的 S. litura 幼虫上，H. indica 和 S. surkhetense 会导致 100%的幼虫死亡，而 S. surkhetense 会导致 54%的幼虫死亡。当 S. litura 蛹接种 50 IJ 的 H. indica 时，蛹的死亡率仅为 10%，当 IJ 浓度增加到 600 IJ pupa-1 时，蛹的死亡率也增加到 80%。随着暴露时间的增加，S. litura 幼虫和蛹的死亡率也显著增加。两种线虫都能穿透 S. litura 幼虫，并通过产生大量 IJ 完成其生命周期。盆栽和田间试验表明，白菜植株喷洒 H. indica 和氟苯蝶啶后，幼虫数量、叶片损伤（H. indica：0.7：0-4 刻度氟苯蝶啶：0.4：0-4 刻度）、头部损伤（H. indica：0.5：0-4 刻度氟苯蝶啶：0.6：0-4 刻度）显著减少，产量增加（H. indica：23.57 吨/公顷-1 氟苯蝶啶：25.53 吨/公顷-1）。这些结果表明，籼稻的表现与氟苯噻草胺相当。总体结果表明，可以将 H. indica NBAIRH80 纳入 S. litura 的虫害综合防治计划中。

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引用次数: 0

Symbiotic N2 fixation in cowpea varieties is markedly enhanced by inoculation with elite Bradyrhizobium strains 豇豆品种的共生 N2 固定能力通过接种优良的巴西根瘤菌株明显增强

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100976

Tewodros Ayalew , Tarekegn Yoseph , Georg Cadisch

Because of its excellent ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] makes a significant contribution to soil sustainability and productivity in the resource limited tropical regions. However, due to in part to ineffectiveness and limited availability of bio-inoculant, its symbiotic N contribution and yield remained low in the field. Therefore, this study examined the effect of elite cowpea infecting Bradyrhizobium strains (CP-24 and CP-37) on shoot biomass and symbiotic nitrogen contributions of four cowpea varieties (Keti, TVU, Black eye bean, and White wonderer trailing). For this a two-year field experiment was carried out at three sites using a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. The natural abundance of the ¹⁵N technique was used to compute the symbiotic N contribution. Bradyrhizobium inoculation led to significantly higher nodule formation, % Ndfa, amounts of N fixed, and shoot biomass, demonstrating the effectiveness and ability of the strains to enhance soil fertility. Inoculating cowpea with CP-24 strain increased shoot N content, % Ndfa and N fixed by 40%, 15%, and 41%, respectively, in comparison to the un-inoculated control. Furthermore, the inoculant by variety interaction had a significant effect on nodule number, nodule dry weight, and amount of N fixed, with TVU and White Wonderer trailing in combination with CP-24 exhibiting the most outstanding performance. There was also a strong positive correlation between biomass accumulation and N fixed, as well as N fixed and seed yield. Therefore, Bradyrhizobium inoculation on cowpea varieties TVU and White Wonderer trailing with CP-24 strain is recommended at all three tested sites and similar agro-ecologies for improved symbiotic N contribution and associated yield advantage of cowpea. This study highlights that, the use of elite and crop specific Bradyrhizobium strains can boost symbiotic nitrogen contribution, soil fertility, and the yield performance of legumes. Thus, it helps resource-poor farmers who are suffering from rising mineral fertilizer cost to achieve food security while reducing climate change risks.

豇豆[Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]具有出色的大气固氮能力，因此对资源有限的热带地区的土壤可持续性和生产力做出了重大贡献。然而，部分由于生物接种剂的无效性和有限性，豇豆在田间的共生氮贡献和产量仍然很低。因此，本研究考察了精英豇豆感染臂柄菌菌株（CP-24 和 CP-37）对四个豇豆品种（Keti、TVU、黑眼豆和白花蔓）的芽生物量和共生氮贡献的影响。为此，我们在三个地点进行了为期两年的田间试验，采用四次重复的因子随机完全区组设计。15N 技术的自然丰度用于计算共生氮的贡献。接种巴西根瘤菌可显著提高结核形成率、氮固定率、氮固定量和芽生物量，这证明了菌株提高土壤肥力的有效性和能力。与未接种菌株的对照组相比，接种 CP-24 菌株的豇豆嫩芽氮含量、氮固定率和氮固定量分别提高了 40%、15% 和 41%。此外，接种剂与品种的交互作用对结核数量、结核干重和固定氮量有显著影响，TVU 和 White Wonderer 拖尾与 CP-24 的组合表现最为突出。生物量积累与固氮量之间以及固氮量与种子产量之间也有很强的正相关性。因此，建议在所有三个测试地点和类似的农业生态条件下，在豇豆品种 TVU 和 White Wonderer 拖尾上接种铜绿假丝酵母菌与 CP-24 菌株，以提高豇豆的共生氮贡献和相关产量优势。这项研究强调，使用精英和作物特异性臂柄霉菌株可提高共生氮贡献、土壤肥力和豆科植物的产量表现。因此，它有助于资源贫乏的农民在降低气候变化风险的同时实现粮食安全。

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引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional numerical modeling of soil-roots system based on X-ray computed tomography: Hydraulic effects study 基于 X 射线计算机断层扫描的土壤-根系三维数值建模：水力效应研究

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100975

Ji-Peng Wang , Jun-Feng Sha , Shangqi Ge , Xu-Guang Gao , Abdelali Dadda

Vegetation roots enhance soil stability by influencing saturation and pore structure, playing a pivotal role in stabilizing slopes, reducing erosion, and enhancing soil structure. However, current research on the hydraulic effects of roots on soil remains relatively limited. The micro-mechanisms of vegetation's impact on soil and the macro-level connections are not yet fully understood, which poses a challenge to the modeling of root-soil system. This study develops a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of root-soil composites based on root computed tomography (CT) images and experimental results. Four different groups are modeled, including the rootless group, and those with Festuca arundinacea (FA) roots at various growth stages. The simulation results show that the saturation in the shallow layers significantly decreases in root-soil composite groups, and the rhizosphere water content is lower than that away from the roots, resulting in a net water flux toward the roots. The influence range of roots on suction is gradually amplified with increasing root growth process and root water uptake time. Higher levels of root development result in a stronger overall water uptake effect, leading to a more pronounced decrease in saturation. Closer proximity to the surface roots results in a more rapid increase in soil suction. Compared with one-dimensional root water uptake models, this model considers the effects of spatial heterogeneity of root structures on soil, which provides a comprehensive modeling basis for studying the effect of root system on soil.

植被根系通过影响饱和度和孔隙结构来增强土壤稳定性，在稳定斜坡、减少侵蚀和增强土壤结构方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。然而，目前关于根系对土壤的水力影响的研究仍然相对有限。植被对土壤影响的微观机制和宏观层面的联系尚未被完全理解，这给根系-土壤系统建模带来了挑战。本研究基于根部计算机断层扫描（CT）图像和实验结果，建立了根-土复合材料的三维（3D）有限元模型。模拟了四组不同的根-土复合材料，包括无根组和有不同生长阶段的根的根。模拟结果表明，在根-土复合组中，浅层的饱和度明显降低，根圈含水量低于远离根部的含水量，导致净水流向根部。根系对吸力的影响范围随着根系生长过程和根系吸水时间的增加而逐渐扩大。根系发育程度越高，整体吸水效果越强，导致饱和度下降越明显。更靠近表层的根系会使土壤吸力增加得更快。与一维根系吸水模型相比，该模型考虑了根系结构的空间异质性对土壤的影响，为研究根系对土壤的影响提供了全面的建模基础。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced soil stabilisation and growth of Lolium perenne through combined seeding with Cynodon dactylon 通过联合播种欧洲防风草（Cynodon dactylon）提高土壤稳定性并促进欧洲防风草的生长

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100977

Hao Gu , Yuan Wang , Sheng Liu , Haikuan Chen , Lu Jia , Zhongyuan Chen

Herbaceous plants play a crucial role in soil stabilisation, and combined seeding is often employed in ecosystem management to promote biodiversity. This study investigated the influence of combined seeding of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon) on plant growth and soil stabilisation through in-situ sampling and indoor experimental measurements. Four experimental plots were established: a. bare soil, b. L. perenne single species, c. C. dactylon single species, d. combined L. perenne and C. dactylon. The results indicate that combined seeding inhibited the development of L. perenne and C. dactylon root depth by 14.50% and 29.20%, respectively. However, shoot height, total leaf area, total root length and total root surface area increased in L. perenne under combined seeding, while these parameters decreased for C. dactylon. Combined seeding significantly enhanced the resistance to breakage in tension and tensile strength of L. perenne, with no significant impact on C. dactylon. Plant roots notably increased soil cohesion, with a respective increase of 37.08%, 26.98%, and 50.81% in cohesion for L. perenne single species plot, C. dactylon single species plot, and combined L. perenne and C. dactylon plot compared to bare soil. The root content in combined seeding significantly increased, with an increase of 27.17% and 65.20% compared to single seeding of L. perenne and C. dactylon, respectively. Additionally, under the influence of roots, the soil moisture content in the combined seeding plot was lower than in the single species and bare soil plots. These findings highlight that combined seeding enhanced plant competition, improved soil shear strength, and provided significant ecological benefits, offering insights for vegetation-based slope design.

草本植物在稳定土壤方面起着至关重要的作用，在生态系统管理中经常采用联合播种来促进生物多样性。本研究通过现场取样和室内实验测量，研究了黑麦草（Lolium perenne）和百慕大（Cynodon dactylon）联合播种对植物生长和土壤稳定的影响。共设置了四个实验地块：a. 裸土；b. 单一品种的 L. perenne；c. 单一品种的 C. dactylon；d. L. perenne 和 C. dactylon 的组合。结果表明，联合播种分别抑制了 L. perenne 和 C. dactylon 根深的 14.50% 和 29.20%。然而，在联合播种条件下，珍珠棉的芽高、总叶面积、总根长和总根表面积都有所增加，而 C. dactylon 的这些参数都有所减少。联合播种明显提高了珍珠棉的抗拉断能力和抗张强度，而对麦冬没有明显影响。植物根系明显增加了土壤的内聚力，与裸土相比，L. perenne 单一品种小区、C. dactylon 单一品种小区以及 L. perenne 和 C. dactylon 组合小区的内聚力分别增加了 37.08%、26.98% 和 50.81%。联合播种中的根含量明显增加，分别比单一播种的 L. perenne 和 C. dactylon 增加了 27.17% 和 65.20%。此外，在根系的影响下，联合播种地块的土壤含水量低于单一物种地块和裸土地块。这些研究结果表明，联合播种增强了植物竞争，提高了土壤抗剪强度，并带来了显著的生态效益，为基于植被的边坡设计提供了启示。

{"title":"Enhanced soil stabilisation and growth of Lolium perenne through combined seeding with Cynodon dactylon","authors":"Hao Gu , Yuan Wang , Sheng Liu , Haikuan Chen , Lu Jia , Zhongyuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herbaceous plants play a crucial role in soil stabilisation, and combined seeding is often employed in ecosystem management to promote biodiversity. This study investigated the influence of combined seeding of Ryegrass (<em>Lolium perenne</em>) and Bermuda (<em>Cynodon dactylon</em>) on plant growth and soil stabilisation through in-situ sampling and indoor experimental measurements. Four experimental plots were established: a. bare soil, b. <em>L. perenne</em> single species, c. <em>C. dactylon</em> single species, d. combined <em>L. perenne</em> and <em>C. dactylon</em>. The results indicate that combined seeding inhibited the development of <em>L</em>. <em>perenne</em> and <em>C</em>. <em>dactylon</em> root depth by 14.50% and 29.20%, respectively. However, shoot height, total leaf area, total root length and total root surface area increased in <em>L</em>. <em>perenne</em> under combined seeding, while these parameters decreased for <em>C</em>. <em>dactylon</em>. Combined seeding significantly enhanced the resistance to breakage in tension and tensile strength of <em>L</em>. <em>perenne</em>, with no significant impact on <em>C</em>. <em>dactylon</em>. Plant roots notably increased soil cohesion, with a respective increase of 37.08%, 26.98%, and 50.81% in cohesion for <em>L. perenne</em> single species plot, <em>C. dactylon</em> single species plot, and combined <em>L. perenne</em> and <em>C. dactylon</em> plot compared to bare soil. The root content in combined seeding significantly increased, with an increase of 27.17% and 65.20% compared to single seeding of <em>L</em>. <em>perenne</em> and <em>C</em>. <em>dactylon</em>, respectively. Additionally, under the influence of roots, the soil moisture content in the combined seeding plot was lower than in the single species and bare soil plots. These findings highlight that combined seeding enhanced plant competition, improved soil shear strength, and provided significant ecological benefits, offering insights for vegetation-based slope design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48589,"journal":{"name":"Rhizosphere","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revealing the characteristics of myxobacterial communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of halophytic plants following wetland degradation using high-throughput sequencing 利用高通量测序揭示湿地退化后卤代植物根圈和非根圈土壤中霉菌群落的特征

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100972

Cheng Ding , Wenge Hu , Xiaoyun Qi, Suhui Hou, Yang Li, Jie Xiong, Ting Chen, Xue Zhang

Myxobacteria represent a distinct group in soil microbial communities, with their predatory capabilities playing a vital role in regulating and stabilizing these communities. However, the characteristics of myxobacterial communities in the soils of Karelinia caspia (KC), a halophytic plant growing in degraded wetlands, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated myxobacterial communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils from nine KC’ sampling sites in saline-alkaline land formed after wetland degradation using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 486 myxobacterial ASVs were identified from both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples, comprising 2.68% of the total bacterial community. The dominant genera at the genus level were Unclassified_g_bacteriap25 and Haliangium. FAPROTAX functional predictions indicated that myxobacteria in rhizosphere soils performed various ecological functions, such as predation, organic matter decomposition, and cellulose degradation, while in non-rhizosphere soils, they primarily displayed predatory functions. The high proportion of unclassified functions suggests that many aspects of myxobacteria in soil remain unexplored. Correlation analysis showed that electrical conductivity, soil moisture, and total nitrogen significantly affected myxobacterial diversity and abundance. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed multiple associations between myxobacteria and other bacterial groups, highlighting their crucial role in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of soil bacterial communities. These findings deepen our understanding of the relationship between microbial community dynamics and environmental factors, laying a strong foundation for future research in soil microbial ecology and conservation strategies.

粘菌在土壤微生物群落中是一个独特的群体，它们的捕食能力在调节和稳定这些群落方面发挥着重要作用。然而，生长在退化湿地中的卤代植物 Karelinia caspia（KC）土壤中的粘菌群落特征仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们利用高通量测序技术调查了湿地退化后形成的盐碱地中 9 个 KC 采样点的根圈土壤和非根圈土壤中的粘菌群落。从根圈和非根圈土壤样本中共鉴定出 486 个霉菌 ASV，占细菌群落总数的 2.68%。属一级的优势菌属是未分类_g_bacteriap25 和 Haliangium。FAPROTAX 功能预测表明，根圈土壤中的粘菌具有多种生态功能，如捕食、有机物分解和纤维素降解，而在非根圈土壤中，粘菌主要具有捕食功能。未分类功能的比例很高，这表明土壤中霉菌的许多方面仍有待探索。相关分析表明，导电率、土壤湿度和全氮对粘菌的多样性和丰度有显著影响。共生网络分析揭示了粘杆菌与其他细菌群之间的多种关联，突出了粘杆菌在维持土壤细菌群落动态平衡中的关键作用。这些发现加深了我们对微生物群落动态与环境因素之间关系的理解，为今后的土壤微生物生态学研究和保护策略奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Rhizophagus intraradices symbiosis with Amaranthus hypochondriacus improves rhizosphere soil pH and nutrient status in sodic soil 根瘤菌（Rhizophagus intraradices）与苋菜（Amaranthus hypochondriacus）共生可改善土壤酸碱度和土壤养分状况

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100973

Honghe Li , Feng Shi , Siyu Zhu , Xue He , Yiwen Ding , Tianle Xu , Dandan Qi , Wei Chang , Changlei Dai , Fuqiang Song

As a forage crop belonging to the Amaranthaceae family (often considered as non-mycorrhizal plants), Amaranthus hypochondriacus can grow in sodic soil. It is worth exploring whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can successfully form a symbiotic relationship with A. hypochondriacus to alleviate the environmental stress it experiences and improve rhizosphere soil quality. This study aims to evaluate the potential for AMF to form a symbiotic relationship with salt-tolerant Amaranthaceae plants. By measuring the colonization rate, biomass, and rhizosphere soil chemical properties of the plants, we assessed the response of A. hypochondriacus to AMF under different concentrations of saline-alkali stress. The results showed that Rhizophagus intraradices could form a good symbiotic relationship with A. hypochondriacus and reduce the rhizosphere soil pH and increase the effective nutrient content.

作为一种属于苋科（通常被认为是无菌根植物）的饲料作物，Amaranthus hypochondriacus 可以在含钠土壤中生长。有必要探讨丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）能否成功地与 A. hypochondriacus 形成共生关系，以减轻其所承受的环境压力并改善根瘤层土壤质量。本研究旨在评估 AMF 与耐盐苋科植物形成共生关系的潜力。通过测量植物的定殖率、生物量和根圈土壤化学性质，我们评估了 A. hypochondriacus 在不同浓度的盐碱胁迫下对 AMF 的反应。结果表明，Rhizophagus intraradices 能与 A. hypochondriacus 形成良好的共生关系，并能降低根圈土壤 pH 值和增加有效养分含量。

引用次数: 0

Enhanced biochemical properties of soybean root nodule asparaginase through plant molecular farming compared to bacterial enzyme for cancer treatment 与治疗癌症的细菌酶相比，通过植物分子农业提高大豆根瘤天冬酰胺酶的生化特性

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100970

Fahad Alharthi , Hussam A. Althagafi , Ibrahim Jafri , Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni , Mohammed M. Althaqafi , Nawal E. Al-Hazmi , Layla Yousif Abdullah Al Hijab , Deyala M. Naguib

Asparaginase is a therapeutic enzyme used as an anticancer agent and is typically produced through microbial fermentation using organisms such as Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, this method faces challenges, including potential enzyme contamination during production, allergic reactions to the enzyme, and stability issues requiring stringent control measures. An innovative solution is the application of plant molecular farming, utilizing Rhizobium root symbiosis for asparaginase production. The objective is to optimize nodule development for asparaginase yield, characterize the enzyme's properties, and evaluate its anticancer efficacy against microbial enzyme. In our study, we established soybean root cultures and inoculated them with Bradyrhizobium japonicum to form root nodules. We evaluated eukaryotic asparaginase production at different incubation times. We purified asparaginase from the root nodule cultures and compared its physicochemical properties and anticancer activity with microbial asparaginase. Results showed that asparaginase reached maximum activity in root nodule cultures 10 days after rhizobium inoculation in the culture media. The root nodule asparaginase exhibited a high content of alpha helices and beta sheets and a low random coil. It demonstrated higher stability and activity across different pH levels and temperatures than Escherichia coli asparaginase. Additionally, root nodule asparaginase displayed better catalytic parameters and stability over time than E. coli asparaginase. Thus, root nodule asparaginase is superior to E. coli asparaginase as an anticancer agent. This ensures the root nodule asparaginase can effectively target cancer cells, enhancing the overall therapeutic outcome. This provides a renewable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional enzyme production methods.

天门冬酰胺酶是一种用作抗癌剂的治疗酶，通常通过微生物发酵法利用大肠杆菌和欧文氏菌等生物生产。然而，这种方法面临着各种挑战，包括生产过程中可能出现的酶污染、对酶的过敏反应以及需要采取严格控制措施的稳定性问题。一种创新的解决方案是应用植物分子农业，利用根瘤菌根系共生生产天冬酰胺酶。我们的目标是优化结核发育以提高天门冬酰胺酶产量，确定酶的特性，并评估其对微生物酶的抗癌功效。在我们的研究中，我们建立了大豆根培养物，并接种日本农杆菌以形成根瘤。我们评估了不同培养时间下真核天冬酰胺酶的产量。我们从根瘤培养物中纯化了天冬酰胺酶，并将其理化性质和抗癌活性与微生物天冬酰胺酶进行了比较。结果表明，根瘤培养物中的天门冬酰胺酶在培养基中接种根瘤菌 10 天后达到最大活性。根瘤天冬酰胺酶表现出高含量的α螺旋和β片，以及低含量的无规线圈。与大肠杆菌天冬酰胺酶相比，它在不同的 pH 值和温度下都表现出更高的稳定性和活性。此外，与大肠杆菌天冬酰胺酶相比，根瘤天冬酰胺酶显示出更好的催化参数和长期稳定性。因此，作为一种抗癌剂，根瘤天冬酰胺酶优于大肠杆菌天冬酰胺酶。这确保了根瘤天门冬酰胺酶能够有效地靶向癌细胞，提高整体治疗效果。这为传统的酶生产方法提供了一种可再生、具有成本效益和环保的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Microbiome analysis of the lithophytic resurrection plant Ramonda heldreichii, reveals root driven tight-rhizosphere vs elevation specific loose-rhizosphere communities 对石生复活植物拉蒙达（Ramonda heldreichii）的微生物组分析表明，根系驱动的紧密根圈群落与海拔高度特定的松散根圈群落存在差异

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100969

Kusum Dhakar , Loukia M. Kellari , Panagiotis A. Karas , Athanasios Theodorakopoulos , Michael N. Styllas , Evangelia S. Papadopoulou , Dimitrios G. Karpouzas , Kalliope K. Papadopoulou , Sotirios Vasileiadis

We investigated the root microbiome of a relict resurrection (desiccation/frost-tolerant/resistant) plant, endemic to Mount Olympus (Litochoro, Greece), Ramonda heldreichii (Boiss.) C.B.Clarke, at various altitudes (400 m–1200 m asl), through amplicon sequencing. Microbial communities (prokaryotes, fungi, protists) revealed the significant impact of roots on the tight rhizosphere (TR) that were less diverse and less altitude-impacted compared with the loose rhizosphere (LR). Prokaryotic α-diversity was highly affected by root, whereas that of fungi was comparatively more sensitive to altitude. The TR-associated taxonomic groups, included well equipped taxa for tolerating biotic and abiotic stresses (drought/metal tolerance, microcystin degradation, psychrotolerance, chitin degradation) with Cercozoa dominating protists, while the LR-associated taxa mainly included microorganisms with chemolithoautotrophic potential. Relative abundances of the N-cycling and greenhouse gas associated Nitrosopheraceae, were increased with altitude. Collectively, the study of R. heldreichii demonstrated a plant-driven TR with bioprospecting potential, and an elevation-shaped and climate-linked LR, providing novel insights about mountain microbiology.

我们通过扩增子测序研究了奥林帕斯山（希腊利托乔罗）特有的孑遗复活植物（耐干燥/耐霜冻/抗冻）Ramonda heldreichii (Boiss.) C.B.Clarke在不同海拔高度（400米-1200米）下的根系微生物群落。微生物群落（原核生物、真菌、原生生物）显示，根系对紧密根圈（TR）的影响很大，与松散根圈（LR）相比，紧密根圈（TR）的多样性较少，受海拔高度的影响也较小。原核生物α的多样性受根系的影响很大，而真菌的多样性对海拔高度相对更敏感。与 TR 相关的分类群包括耐受生物和非生物胁迫（耐旱/耐金属、降解微囊藻毒素、精神耐受性、降解几丁质）的装备精良的分类群，原生动物以纤毛虫为主，而与 LR 相关的分类群主要包括具有化石自养潜力的微生物。随着海拔的升高，与氮循环和温室气体相关的硝化菌科（Nitrosopheraceae）的相对丰度也在增加。总之，对R. heldreichii的研究表明，植物驱动的TR具有生物勘探潜力，而海拔高度与气候相关的LR则为山区微生物学提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Essential oil phytochemistry and antifungal activity of lemongrass inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different phosphorous levels 不同磷含量下接种了丛枝菌根真菌的香茅的精油植物化学和抗真菌活性

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100968

Caroline Lermen , Rayane Monique Sete da Cruz , Carlos Henrique de Souza Gonçalves , Mariana Moraes Pinc , Joice Karina Otênio , Camila da Silva , Odair Alberton

This study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculating Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum under low and high phosphorus (P) levels on essential oil (EO) content, composition, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for four isolates of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium. The EO content was obtained by the hydrodistillation process, followed by the evaluation of chemical constituents using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and MIC by microdilution in broth. The EO content increased 2.5-fold due to high P and inoculation with C. etunicatum compared with uninoculated under low P. Twenty-two compounds were identified in EO. The major components were citronellol, geraniol, citral, neral and geranial. The EO of lemongrass showed a MIC in the four phytopathogenic fungal isolates. Therefore, the secondary metabolites were influenced by P levels and AMF inoculation, increasing EO's content (until 2.5-fold), chemical composition (citral, neral and geranial) and MIC.

本研究旨在探讨在低磷和高磷水平下，将柠檬香茅（Cymbopogon citratus，柠檬草）与丛生菌根真菌（AMF）Rhizophagus clarus 和 Claroideoglomus etunicatum 接种，对精油（EO）含量、成分和四种镰刀菌属植物病原真菌分离物的最低抑制浓度（MIC）的影响。精油含量是通过水蒸馏法获得的，然后使用气相色谱-质谱法评估化学成分，MIC 是通过肉汤中的微量稀释法获得的。与低 P 条件下未接种 C. etunicatum 相比，高 P 条件和接种 C. etunicatum 使环氧乙烷含量增加了 2.5 倍。主要成分为香茅醇、香叶醇、柠檬醛、橙花醛和香叶醛。柠檬草环氧乙烷显示出对四种植物病原真菌分离物的最低抑菌浓度。因此，次生代谢物受 P 水平和 AMF 接种的影响，增加了环氧乙烷的含量（直到 2.5 倍）、化学成分（柠檬醛、橙花醛和香叶醇）和 MIC。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable farming practices enhance bacterial diversity and nutrient levels in sorghum rhizosphere soil 可持续耕作方法提高了高粱根瘤土壤中细菌的多样性和营养水平

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Rhizosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rhisph.2024.100967

S.P. Lalid Kumar , M.R. Latha , P. Janaki , E. Parameswari , T. Kalaiselvi , D. Senthamilselvi , R. Krishnan

This research employs metagenomic analysis to explore bacterial diversity in sorghum rhizosphere soil in response to various sustainable farming practices and their impact on soil fertility. The field experiment with cotton-sorghum cropping system was conducted since 2020 and from 3rd cycle sorghum experiment, the soils were collected and subjected to metagenomics and nutrients availability analysis. We evaluated the impact of different farming approaches: Natural Farming (NF), Organic Farming (OF), integrated crop management (ICM), along with a control (No input farming). The results underscores the prevalence of Proteobacteria phylum across all farming practices, while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes showed increased presence due to altered soil management and nutrient availability changes. Genus-level analysis revealed shifts in dominant genera, including Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Candidatus nitrososphaera, across different farming practices. Post-harvest soil analysis indicated varied nutrient levels, with ICM showing enhanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium availability. ICM, utilizing a balanced mix of organic and inorganic fertilizers, promoted sorghum growth, yielding higher plant height and total dry matter compared to OF and NF, which performed similarly. The study emphasizes the efficacy of a balanced approach like ICM for improving crop production and soil nutrient availability. However, all diversified farming practices exhibited high soil biological diversity compared to the control, highlighting the necessity for continuous long-term soil monitoring across different farming practices to stabilize soil microbiomes, ensure nutrient availability, and support sustainable crop production.

本研究采用元基因组学分析方法，探讨高粱根瘤土壤中细菌多样性对各种可持续耕作方式的响应及其对土壤肥力的影响。棉花-高粱种植系统的田间试验自 2020 年开始，从第三周期的高粱试验中采集了土壤，并进行了元基因组学和养分可用性分析。我们评估了不同耕作方式的影响：我们评估了不同耕作方式的影响：自然耕作（NF）、有机耕作（OF）、作物综合管理（ICM）以及对照组（无投入耕作）。结果表明，在所有耕作方式中，蛋白菌门都很普遍，而放线菌、类杆菌和固着菌则由于土壤管理的改变和养分供应的变化而有所增加。属一级的分析表明，在不同的耕作方式中，优势菌属发生了变化，包括醋酸杆菌属、鞘氨单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属和亚硝化细菌属。收获后的土壤分析表明，土壤养分水平各不相同，其中 ICM 提高了氮、磷和钾的可用性。ICM 采用有机肥和无机肥的均衡组合，促进了高粱的生长，与 OF 和 NF 相比，ICM 的植株高度和总干物质产量更高，而 OF 和 NF 的表现类似。这项研究强调了 ICM 等均衡方法在提高作物产量和土壤养分供应方面的功效。然而，与对照组相比，所有多样化耕作方法都表现出较高的土壤生物多样性，这突出表明有必要对不同耕作方法进行持续的长期土壤监测，以稳定土壤微生物群，确保养分供应，支持作物的可持续生产。

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引用次数: 0