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Unveiling multi-regional water footprints towards equity and sustainability: A non-deterministic optimization-driven input-output model 揭示多区域水足迹的公平性和可持续性：一个非确定性优化驱动的投入产出模型

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.12.007

J.J. Ma , Y.P. Li , G.H. Huang , P.P. Wang , Y.X. Zhou , J.T. Liu

Intensifying regional and sectoral competition for scarce water under rapid economic growth has heightened water-use inequities, calling for rational water resource planning in arid regions. This study develops a non-deterministic optimization-driven input-output model (abbreviated as IFFP-MRIO) through coupling interval-fuzzy full-infinite programming (IFFP) with multi-regional input-output model (MRIO). IFFP-MRIO can (i) explore optimal water allocation schemes under uncertainties expressed as functional intervals and fuzzy memberships through IFFP, (ii) link the optimization outputs to MRIO to identify sectoral direct and indirect water footprints along supply chains, and (iii) disclose impacts of various water-use policies on system benefits and sectoral water-allocation schemes. IFFP-MRIO is then applied to Inner-Shaan-Ning region in the Yellow River Basin, where five policy scenarios are designed to examine the impacts of policy incentives and technology progress on sectoral water footprints as well as address the inequity caused by water resource shortage. Results demonstrate that (i) when introducing equity principles, the water allocation to sectors to high economic benefits (i.e., construction, other service, other advanced manufacturing, metal manufacturing, food) would reduce by [5.71, 11.13] × 10⁹ m³; (ii) compared to BAU, regional groundwater use would reduce [0.22, 4.52] × 10⁹ m³ under resource sustainability scenario; (iii) uncertainties have significant impacts on system benefit and sectoral water-allocation schemes. The results can effectively balance the equity, economy and sustainability of water-resource allocation at both the regional and the sectoral levels.

经济快速增长下对稀缺水资源的区域和部门竞争加剧，加剧了用水不平等现象，要求干旱地区进行合理的水资源规划。本文通过区间模糊全无限规划（IFFP）与多区域投入产出模型（MRIO）的耦合，建立了非确定性优化驱动的投入产出模型（简称IFFP-MRIO）。IFFP-MRIO可以(i)通过IFFP在功能区间和模糊隶属度表示的不确定性下探索最优水资源分配方案；（ii）将优化产出与MRIO联系起来，以确定供应链上的部门直接和间接水足迹；（iii）揭示各种用水政策对系统效益和部门水资源分配方案的影响。然后将IFFP-MRIO应用于黄河流域内陕宁地区，设计了五种政策情景，以检查政策激励和技术进步对部门水足迹的影响，并解决水资源短缺造成的不平等问题。结果表明：(1)引入公平原则后，经济效益高的行业（建筑业、其他服务业、其他先进制造业、金属制造业、食品业）的水资源分配将减少[5.71,11.13]× 109 m3；（ii）与BAU相比，在资源可持续性情景下，区域地下水使用量将减少[0.22,4.52]× 109 m3；不确定性对系统效益和部门水分配计划有重大影响。研究结果可以有效地平衡区域和部门水资源分配的公平性、经济性和可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating nutritional and environmental impacts of animal-source foods via nutrition-based life-cycle assessment (nLCA) 通过基于营养的生命周期评估（nLCA）整合动物性食品的营养和环境影响

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.12.008

Ajinkya Arun Atkare , Jonathan C. Allen , Minliang Yang

Significant progress has been made in animal production systems to better understand the environmental footprints in animal-source foods by applying life-cycle assessment (LCA). However, prior LCA studies heavily focused on quantifying environmental footprints based on physical units, with less attention on the nutritional value of foods. Given that animal-source foods play a vital role in providing key nutrients, it's critical to integrate both nutrition and environmental impacts to better understand the sustainability of foods. Hence, this study aims to assess the nutritional-based cradle-to-gate environmental impacts of five animal-source foods, including pork sausage, pork ham, pork bacon, beef sausage, and beef steak, via nutrition-based LCA approach. Nutritional-environmental footprint (NEF) was quantified based on three functional units: per serving, per 50 g protein, and per 100 kcal energy. Both ranking and actual value method were applied to assess and compare each food's combined environmental and nutritional footprints. Results show that relative to pork products, beef products generally score higher environmental footprints; however, beef steak tends to rank higher when considering nutrition parameters alone. When nutritional and environmental footprints are integrated into NEF scores, pork bacon tends to receive lower NEF scores than other products under most scenarios. Although the choice of assessment methods and functional units impacts NEF scores and the product ranking, the overall pattern remains consistent. These outcomes provide insights for various stakeholders such as the animal industry to identify sustainability hotspots, policymakers to establish evidence-based product recommendations and certification guidelines, and consumers to make informed decisions.

通过应用生命周期评估（LCA），动物生产系统在更好地了解动物源食品的环境足迹方面取得了重大进展。然而，以往的LCA研究主要侧重于基于物理单位的环境足迹量化，而对食物的营养价值关注较少。鉴于动物源食品在提供关键营养素方面发挥着至关重要的作用，将营养和环境影响结合起来以更好地了解食品的可持续性至关重要。因此，本研究旨在通过基于营养的LCA方法，评估猪肉香肠、猪肉火腿、猪肉培根、牛肉香肠和牛排五种动物性食品从摇篮到门口的环境影响。营养环境足迹（NEF）是基于三个功能单位进行量化的：每份食物、每50克蛋白质和每100千卡能量。采用排名法和实际价值法来评估和比较每种食品的综合环境和营养足迹。结果表明，相对于猪肉产品，牛肉产品的环境足迹得分普遍较高；然而，如果只考虑营养参数，牛排的排名往往更高。当营养和环境足迹被纳入NEF评分时，在大多数情况下，猪肉培根的NEF评分往往低于其他产品。虽然评价方法和功能单元的选择影响NEF得分和产品排名，但总体格局保持一致。这些结果为各种利益相关者提供了见解，例如动物产业，以确定可持续发展热点，政策制定者建立基于证据的产品建议和认证指南，以及消费者做出明智的决定。

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引用次数: 0

Do emerging guidelines for automotive life cycle assessment lead to consistent results? The case of battery electric vehicles 汽车生命周期评估的新指南是否会产生一致的结果？电池电动汽车的例子

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.12.006

Hazem Eltohamy , Katharina Gompf , Robert Istrate , Jeroen Guinée , Diana Bartaune , Bernhard Steubing

Road transportation is responsible for one fifth of European Union's total greenhouse gases (GHGs), besides other environmental concerns. Thus, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is increasingly used in the automotive sector to guide environmental strategies and policy compliance, emphasizing the importance of methodological choices and their standardization. This study examines three recent and influential LCA guidelines in Europe developed through major harmonization initiatives: TranSensus LCA, Catena-X, and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Automotive LCA guidelines. A qualitative comparison of methodological choices and assumptions in these guidelines was conducted to identify areas of overlap, divergences, and flexibilities within each guideline. The analysis showed broad alignment across guidelines, with divergences mainly in electricity modeling and addressing multifunctionality problems, where also degrees of freedom within guidelines remain. Applied to a battery electric vehicle LCA, a quantitative comparison across guidelines (based on a basic expected application of each guideline) demonstrated less than a 10 % difference in most impact categories. Furthermore, the intra-guideline choices (flexibilities) were tested in the LCA model, showing larger variations relative to the basic application of each guideline (e.g., −27 % and +11 % change in climate change impacts when shifting to the Circular Footprint Formula (CFF) and static electricity modeling, respectively, in UNECE guidelines). These findings suggest that horizontal harmonization across guidelines is well advanced, but vertical harmonization within guidelines requires improvement. Future improvements could include more detailed guidance in some parts like CFF application to reduce subjectivity, automation of application, and comprehensiveness in impact categories and life cycle stages coverage.

除其他环境问题外，公路运输的温室气体排放量占欧盟总排放量的五分之一。因此，生命周期评估（LCA）越来越多地用于汽车行业，以指导环境战略和政策遵守，强调方法选择及其标准化的重要性。本研究考察了欧洲最近通过主要协调倡议制定的三个有影响力的LCA指南：transenssus LCA， Catena-X和联合国欧洲经济委员会汽车LCA指南。对这些指南中的方法选择和假设进行了定性比较，以确定每个指南中重叠、分歧和灵活性的领域。分析显示了指导方针之间的广泛一致性，主要是在电力建模和解决多功能问题方面的分歧，指导方针内的自由度仍然存在。应用于电池电动汽车LCA，各指南之间的定量比较（基于每个指南的基本预期应用）表明，大多数影响类别的差异小于10%。此外，在LCA模型中测试了指南内的选择（灵活性），相对于每个指南的基本应用显示出更大的变化（例如，在联合国欧洲经济委员会指南中，当转向循环足迹公式（CFF）和静电建模时，气候变化影响的变化分别为- 27%和+ 11%）。这些发现表明，指南之间的横向协调是很先进的，但指南内部的纵向协调需要改进。未来的改进可能包括在某些部分，如CFF应用中提供更详细的指导，以减少主观性，应用的自动化，以及影响类别和生命周期阶段覆盖的全面性。

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引用次数: 0

“Avoid” is not enough – An overview of approaches to substance safety in sustainable material selection methods for product development “避免”是不够的-产品开发中可持续材料选择方法中物质安全方法的概述

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.12.005

M.M. Weber , J.I.J.C. de Koning , A.R. Balkenende

Existing material selection methods seem to offer limited support for addressing substance safety in practice, as the focus remains on intrinsic material properties and less on exposure risk. This hinders Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) efforts that can prevent use and accumulation of substances of concern (SoCs) across product lifecycles in a circular economy. This study reviews 29 sustainable material selection methods to evaluate how they do support substance safety. Results show that substance safety is generally embedded within the broader sustainability realm without explicit risk or lifecycle-based assessment. Of the four steps that can be distinguished in material selection, most methods support the steps ‘Establishing a set of candidates’ and ‘Comparing candidates’ but the steps ‘Formulating selection criteria’ and ‘Choosing suitable candidates’ are often unsupported, leaving critical substance safety trade-offs unaddressed. The importance of mindsets such as systemic thinking and iterative reflection is recognized but underrepresented. The findings highlight the need to adapt existing methods with better guidance and risk integration to advance SSbD in material selection.

现有的材料选择方法似乎在实践中为解决物质安全问题提供了有限的支持，因为重点仍然是材料的内在特性，而不是暴露风险。这阻碍了设计安全和可持续发展（SSbD）的努力，这些努力可以防止循环经济中产品生命周期中关注物质（soc）的使用和积累。本研究回顾了29种可持续材料选择方法，以评估它们如何支持物质安全。结果表明，物质安全通常被嵌入更广泛的可持续性领域，没有明确的风险或基于生命周期的评估。在材料选择中可以区分的四个步骤中，大多数方法支持“建立一组候选物”和“比较候选物”的步骤，但“制定选择标准”和“选择合适的候选物”的步骤通常不支持，使得关键的物质安全权衡没有得到解决。人们认识到系统思考和迭代反思等思维方式的重要性，但没有充分代表它们。研究结果强调了在材料选择方面需要更好的指导和风险整合来适应现有的方法，以推进SSbD。

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引用次数: 0

Steering towards circularity: Systemic pathways to a more sustainable use of resources in the EU automotive industry 转向循环：欧盟汽车工业更可持续地利用资源的系统途径

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.12.003

Edoardo Chiarotti , Boris Thurm , Paola Paruta , Gino Baudry , Lohan Schwartzmann , Felix Philipp , Michaël Aklin , Jean-Philippe Bonardi

The European automotive industry is a major consumer of materials, contributing significantly to resource depletion and environmental pressures from raw material extraction and processing. With growing demand for mobility and the rising material intensity of electric vehicles, driven largely by batteries and their critical raw materials, transitioning to a circular economy is essential to reduce the sector’s environmental impact. In this paper we quantify the circularity potential of the EU27 automotive industry using a system-dynamic model of light private vehicles from 2000 to 2050. We simulate circular measures involving both technological improvements (e.g., material efficiency and recycling) and behavioral changes (e.g., car occupancy and modal shifts). We show that, under a business-as-usual scenario, the material demand of the European automotive sector would rise by around 50% by 2050. While circular measures by manufacturers and recyclers can slow this trend, only when combined with behavioral changes can they significantly curb material demand and partially close the loop. We estimate that these combined measures could save around 350 million tonnes of materials by 2050, with the most substantial gains resulting from reduced travel distances, shifts to public transport, and increased ridesharing. The circularity rate – defined as the ratio between material recovery and demand – could increase from 27% today to 80% by 2050. Our findings highlight the need to integrate demand-side measures with supply-side innovations to reduce material consumption and achieve high circularity in the automotive sector.

欧洲汽车工业是材料的主要消费者，对原材料的提取和加工造成的资源枯竭和环境压力做出了重大贡献。随着流动性需求的增长和电动汽车材料强度的提高，主要由电池及其关键原材料驱动，向循环经济过渡对于减少该行业的环境影响至关重要。在本文中，我们使用2000年至2050年轻型私家车的系统动力学模型量化了欧盟27国汽车工业的循环潜力。我们模拟了涉及技术改进（例如，材料效率和回收）和行为改变（例如，汽车占用和模式转换）的循环措施。我们表明，在一切照旧的情况下，到2050年，欧洲汽车行业的材料需求将增长约50%。虽然制造商和回收商采取的循环措施可以减缓这一趋势，但只有与行为改变相结合，才能显著抑制材料需求，并部分关闭循环。我们估计，到2050年，这些综合措施可以节省约3.5亿吨材料，其中最显著的收益来自缩短出行距离、转向公共交通和增加拼车。到2050年，循环率——定义为材料回收率与需求之间的比率——可能会从今天的27%增加到80%。我们的研究结果强调，需要将需求侧措施与供给侧创新相结合，以减少材料消耗，实现汽车行业的高循环。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of provincial PV recycling potential: Integrating product lifetime distribution and scrap capacity 省级光伏回收潜力评估：整合产品寿命分布和报废能力

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.12.004

Bao-Jun Tang , Wen Shi , Ru Li , Xi-Lin Cao

With global solar photovoltaic deployment accelerating, effectively managing end-of-life modules is critical for resource sustainability. While many studies estimate regional PV waste, they often overlook the complex interplay of environmental factors and regional differences that determine the true recycling potential. To address this gap, this study introduces an integrated assessment framework—the WARN model, combining Weibull distribution, Market Supply A model, Regional clustering, and Neural network approaches. Applying this framework to China through 2050, our analysis reveals significant provincial disparities in module service lifetime. We project a major wave of decommissioning to peak around 2035, driven by early retirements in provinces like Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. By 2050, China's cumulative scrap capacity is forecast to reach 437.88 GW. This represents a substantial secondary resource stream, yielding an estimated 1.54 million tons of valuable materials, including silicon, silver, aluminum, and copper. These findings quantify the immense resource value locked in retired PV modules and offer crucial insights for designing effective recycling infrastructure and proactive clean energy policies.

随着全球太阳能光伏部署的加速，有效管理报废组件对资源可持续性至关重要。虽然许多研究估计了区域光伏废弃物，但它们往往忽视了环境因素和区域差异之间复杂的相互作用，而这些因素决定了真正的回收潜力。为了解决这一差距，本研究引入了一个综合评估框架——WARN模型，结合了威布尔分布、市场供应A模型、区域聚类和神经网络方法。将此框架应用到2050年的中国，我们的分析揭示了模块使用寿命的显著省际差异。我们预计，在内蒙古和新疆等省份提前退役的推动下，一波大型退役浪潮将在2035年左右达到顶峰。到2050年，中国累计废钢产能预计将达到437.88吉瓦。这代表了一个重要的二次资源流，产生估计154万吨有价值的材料，包括硅、银、铝和铜。这些研究结果量化了退役光伏组件中锁定的巨大资源价值，并为设计有效的回收基础设施和积极的清洁能源政策提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring low carbon-transition strategies in household sector of China: Addressing spatial, socioeconomic, and environmental complexities 调整中国家庭部门的低碳转型战略：解决空间、社会经济和环境的复杂性

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.12.001

Xin Cao , Huimei Ren , Mingxuan Wu , Yuhan Zhu , Zongguo Wen

China's household sector, comprising billions of heterogeneous energy consumers, represents an overlooked yet crucial frontier in the nation's decarbonization efforts. However, establishing effective low carbon-transition strategies for the household sector face tripartite challenges: provincial resource disparities invalidating one-size-fits-all transition strategy, pronounced urban-rural dualistic development characteristics risking energy poverty escalation, and health-threatening pollutant emissions from household energy consumption necessitating synergistic carbon-pollution mitigation. Here, we develop a high-resolution, multi-objective optimization model to identify locally-adapted pathways that synergistically address carbon emission reduction and air quality improvement across all Chinese provinces. Our analysis reveals three critical insights: First, Urban-rural disparities in household energy consumption are more pronounced than inter-provincial inequalities. Urban coal consumption inequality is decreasing due to policy interventions, while rural coal and natural gas consumption disparities are intensified. Second, nationwide household energy consumption will rise 5–10 % by 2030 (cumulative cost: $4.0–4.8 trillion), with transition pace varying dramatically. Hebei and Gansu will demonstrate rapid structural shifts toward clean energy, while Heilongjiang and Sichuan lag, necessitating targeted subsidies and infrastructure upgrades. Third, coal phase-outs will enable substantial emission reductions in SO₂ (19.7 % ~ 43.1 %) and PM (14.2 % ~ 35.5 %) by 2030, though carbon emissions may see a slight net increase due to growing household energy demand. These tailored low carbon-transition strategies enable differentiated governance and ensure energy equity by accounting for critical provincial and urban-rural disparities in household energy consumption, thereby paving a fair and efficient pathway to China's carbon neutrality goal.

中国的家庭部门由数十亿不同类型的能源消费者组成，是中国脱碳努力中一个被忽视但至关重要的前沿领域。然而，为家庭部门制定有效的低碳转型战略面临着三重挑战：省级资源差异使一刀切的转型战略无效；明显的城乡二元发展特征有可能加剧能源贫困；家庭能源消费产生的威胁健康的污染物排放需要协同减排。在这里，我们开发了一个高分辨率、多目标优化模型，以确定在中国所有省份协同解决碳减排和空气质量改善的地方适应路径。我们的分析揭示了三个关键的见解：第一，家庭能源消费的城乡差异比省际差异更明显。由于政策干预，城市煤炭消费差距正在缩小，而农村煤炭和天然气消费差距正在加剧。第二，到2030年，全国家庭能源消费将增长5 - 10%（累计成本：4.0-4.8万亿美元），转型速度差异很大。河北和甘肃将快速向清洁能源转型，而黑龙江和四川则滞后，需要有针对性的补贴和基础设施升级。第三，到2030年，逐步淘汰煤炭将使二氧化硫（19.7% ~ 43.1%）和颗粒物（14.2% ~ 35.5%）的排放量大幅减少，尽管由于家庭能源需求的增长，碳排放量可能会出现小幅净增加。这些量身定制的低碳转型战略通过考虑家庭能源消费的关键省份和城乡差异，实现差异化治理，确保能源公平，从而为实现中国的碳中和目标铺平了公平有效的道路。

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引用次数: 0

Decarbonizing last-mile logistics: A life cycle and just transition perspective 最后一英里物流脱碳：生命周期和转型视角

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.11.006

Sara Toniolo , Ivan Russo , Jingzheng Ren , Md. Abdul Moktadir

Emissions from logistics and last-mile delivery represent a growing share of global greenhouse gases, fueled by e-commerce expansion and rising demand for rapid delivery. While decarbonization is essential, existing efforts largely prioritize technological and operational solutions, leaving their broader socio-environmental implications underexplored. This study conducts a systematic literature review to define what decarbonizing last-mile logistics entails and to identify the practices most frequently proposed to reduce emissions. Building on life cycle thinking as an integrative analytical lens, the analysis reveals how these practices, while reducing carbon emissions, may also generate unintended socio-ecological effects through shifting burdens across supply chain stages. To address these side effects, the review integrates the concept of a just transition, reframing decarbonization beyond efficiency and technological gains toward socially equitable and environmentally comprehensive pathways. The findings contribute by (1) mapping patterns of decarbonization practices across disciplines, (2) showing how life cycle thinking uncovers hidden side effects, and (3) advancing just transition as a conceptual and policy framework to guide last-mile logistics toward climate mitigation that is both effective and fair.

在电子商务扩张和快速配送需求不断增长的推动下，物流和最后一英里配送的排放在全球温室气体中所占的份额越来越大。虽然脱碳至关重要，但现有的努力在很大程度上优先考虑技术和操作解决方案，未充分探索其更广泛的社会环境影响。本研究进行了系统的文献综述，以定义脱碳的最后一英里物流需要什么，并确定最常提出的减排措施。该分析以生命周期思维为综合分析视角，揭示了这些实践在减少碳排放的同时，如何通过转移供应链各阶段的负担，产生意想不到的社会生态影响。为了解决这些副作用，本报告整合了公正转型的概念，将脱碳从效率和技术收益转向社会公平和环境综合的途径。这些发现的贡献在于：(1)绘制了跨学科脱碳实践的模式，(2)展示了生命周期思维如何揭示隐藏的副作用，以及(3)推进了公正转型作为一种概念和政策框架，以指导最后一英里物流实现有效和公平的气候减缓。

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引用次数: 0

What unlocks public online attention to sustainability issues? Evidence from China 是什么让公众在网上关注可持续发展问题？来自中国的证据

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.11.007

Rong Hu , Shuhang Mou , Guangqin Li

Public online attention to sustainability issues (POASI) is a key variable driving the social transition toward a sustainable future, acting as an essential link between macro–sustainable development goals and micro-level individual and collective actions. Based on Baidu Index data from 296 cities in China, this study uses the comprehensive weighting method to calculate the level of public online attention. We further employ interpretable machine learning models and the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) approach to quantify the complex nonlinear associations of various factors with POASI. The results show that POASI in China has generally increased between 2011 and 2023, with the gap between the eastern and western regions gradually narrowing. Average years of education, per capita disposable income, population density, and the industrial upgrading index are identified as the key associated factors. Notably, these factors exhibit significant nonlinear relationships and threshold effects. Based on the thresholds of the major associated factors and the level of public online attention, the cities are classified into four governance categories: high-development zone, development-lagging zone, transformation-imbalance zone, and multi-constrained zone. This research comprehensively investigates the key mechanisms associated with POASI, thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted sustainable development strategies.

公众对可持续问题的在线关注是推动社会向可持续未来转型的关键变量，是宏观可持续发展目标与微观个人和集体行动之间的重要联系。本研究基于中国296个城市的百度指数数据，采用综合加权法计算公众网络关注水平。我们进一步采用可解释的机器学习模型和Shapley加性解释（SHAP）方法来量化各种因素与POASI的复杂非线性关联。结果表明：2011 - 2023年，中国POASI总体呈上升趋势，东西部差距逐渐缩小；平均受教育年限、人均可支配收入、人口密度和产业升级指数是影响经济增长的关键因素。值得注意的是，这些因素表现出显著的非线性关系和阈值效应。根据主要关联因素的阈值和公众在线关注程度，将城市划分为高发展区、发展滞后区、转型不平衡区和多约束区四类治理类型。本研究全面探讨了与POASI相关的关键机制，从而为制定有针对性的可持续发展战略提供科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

LCA methodological choices and environmental impacts performance of an integrated seawater desalination and brine treatment system 综合海水淡化和盐水处理系统的LCA方法选择和环境影响性能

IF 9.6 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2025.11.001

Rodoula Ktori , John A. Posada , Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht , Dimitrios Xevgenos

As water research and industry shift towards resource recovery plants, comprehensive assessment methods are needed to capture environmental trade-offs. Existing life cycle assessments (LCA) on desalination often neglect key methodological challenges in multi-product zero-liquid-discharge (ZLD) systems, risking misleading conclusions. This study applies LCA to conventional desalination and with three resource recovery scenarios (integrated desalination and brine treatment) in Cyprus: Sc1) maximum water recovery using waste heat (WH), Sc2) integrated desalination plant with brine treatment using WH, Sc3) electricity-based desalination with chemicals recovery, to assess how key methodological decisions influence the results and decisions. Five impact categories were analysed: climate change, human toxicity, marine ecotoxicity, water depletion, and fossil depletion. Without product substitution, multi-product ZLD systems show higher absolute impacts than SWRO due to increased energy and chemical demands. However, when credits for recovered salts and chemicals are considered, Scenarios 2 and 3 achieve large net reductions compared to conventional production, highlighting the sustainability potential of resource recovery. Results proved highly sensitive to methodological choices: functional unit selection (increase up to 59 %), allocation methods (variation from 54 % to 90 %), while excluding WH altered impacts by up to 89 %, emphasizing the need for transparent reporting to support robust decision-making in desalination design. Sensitivity analysis showed that integrating renewable energy could cut climate change and fossil depletion impacts by up to 99 %, though with trade-offs in marine ecotoxicity and water depletion. Rather than proposing new methods, this work provides critical guidance on applying standardized LCA options to complex systems, offering directly relevant insights for practitioners and policy-makers in sustainable desalination design.

随着水资源研究和工业转向资源回收工厂，需要综合评估方法来捕捉环境权衡。现有的海水淡化生命周期评估（LCA）往往忽视了多产品零液体排放（ZLD）系统中关键的方法挑战，有可能导致误导性结论。本研究将LCA应用于塞浦路斯的传统海水淡化和三种资源回收方案（综合海水淡化和盐水处理）：Sc1)利用废热（WH）最大限度地回收水，Sc2)利用WH进行盐水处理的综合海水淡化厂，Sc3)利用化学品回收的电力海水淡化，以评估关键方法决策如何影响结果和决策。分析了五个影响类别：气候变化、人类毒性、海洋生态毒性、水资源枯竭和化石枯竭。在没有产品替代的情况下，由于能源和化学需求的增加，多产品ZLD系统比SWRO表现出更高的绝对影响。但是，如果考虑到回收盐和化学品的信用额，情景2和情景3与常规生产相比实现了大幅度的净减少，突出了资源回收的可持续性潜力。结果证明对方法选择高度敏感：功能单元选择（增加59%），分配方法（从54%到90%的变化），而排除WH改变的影响高达89%，强调需要透明报告以支持脱盐设计中的强大决策。敏感性分析表明，整合可再生能源可以将气候变化和化石燃料消耗的影响减少99%，尽管需要在海洋生态毒性和水资源枯竭方面进行权衡。这项工作不是提出新的方法，而是提供了将标准化LCA选项应用于复杂系统的关键指导，为可持续海水淡化设计的从业者和政策制定者提供了直接相关的见解。

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