Sustainable Production and Consumption最新文献_第4页

Sustainability assessment of products of the tropical tree moringa in Ghana with a focus on small-scale producers 以小规模生产者为重点，评估加纳热带树木辣木产品的可持续性

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.017

Yoel Gebrai , Gideon Danso-Abbeam , Kebreab Ghebremichael , James R. Mihelcic

With their numerous products and uses, multifunctional crops offer an attractive means for improving smallholder farmer livelihoods. This study applies a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) to Moringa oleifera (moringa), a multifunctional crop with diverse applications in nutrition, cosmetics, and water treatment. The LCSA includes an Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (ELCA), Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA), and Life Cycle Costing (LCC). Surveys were conducted with 58 smallholder farmers and five moringa processors in Ghana. The ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint method was used for the ELCA. The 10-year Net Present Value (NPV) and Payback Period (PBP) were calculated for farmers and processors in the LCC. The SLCA focused on the Worker stakeholder category, particularly smallholder farmer impacts, including indicators for Next Generation Farming, Inclusiveness, Access to Services, Food Security, and Livelihood. A composite sustainability score was calculated from the ELCA, SLCA, and LCC results using the Characteristic Objects Method (COMET), a multi-criteria decision analysis method resistant to rank-reversal. The study compared five supply chains: leaf-only, leaf-and-seed, leaf-and-seed with seedcake reuse, seed-only, and seed-only with seedcake reuse. Environmental hotspots were identified in leaf and seed collection. Economically, leaf-only cultivation provided the highest 10-year NPV for farmers, while seed-only with seedcake reuse yielded the highest NPV for processors. The leaf-only supply chain had the best PBP for both farmers and processors. Socially, leaf-only cultivators outperformed reference points across all indicators, making it the most socially sustainable supply chain. Our findings highlight that improving market access, organizing seed cultivators into farmer-based groups, and optimizing farm gate product collection can enhance the sustainability of moringa supply chains, offering a model for other multifunctional crops in rural development. This study is the first to integrate LCSA with COMET, a promising approach that could be adopted in other sustainability assessment case studies.

多功能作物具有多种产品和用途，为改善小农生计提供了极具吸引力的手段。本研究将生命周期可持续性评估（LCSA）应用于油辣木（Moringa oleifera），这是一种多功能作物，在营养、化妆品和水处理方面有多种用途。LCSA 包括环境生命周期评估 (ELCA)、社会生命周期评估 (SLCA) 和生命周期成本计算 (LCC)。对加纳的 58 个小农和 5 个辣木加工商进行了调查。ELCA 采用 ReCiPe 2016 中点法。在 LCC 中为农民和加工商计算了 10 年净现值 (NPV) 和投资回收期 (PBP)。SLCA 侧重于工人利益相关者类别，尤其是对小农的影响，包括下一代农业、包容性、服务获取、食品安全和生计指标。使用特征对象法 (COMET)，从 ELCA、SLCA 和 LCC 的结果中计算出了可持续性综合得分，COMET 是一种抗等级逆转的多标准决策分析方法。该研究比较了五种供应链：纯叶片供应链、叶片和种子供应链、叶片和种子及种子饼再利用供应链、纯种子供应链和纯种子及种子饼再利用供应链。研究发现了叶片和种子采集过程中的环境热点。在经济上，纯叶种植为农民提供了最高的 10 年净现值，而籽饼再利用的纯籽种植则为加工商提供了最高的净现值。对农民和加工商来说，纯树叶供应链的 PBP 都是最好的。在社会方面，纯树叶种植者在所有指标上都优于参考点，使其成为最具社会可持续性的供应链。我们的研究结果突出表明，改善市场准入、将种子种植者组织到以农民为基础的团体中，以及优化农场门口的产品收集，可以提高辣木供应链的可持续性，为农村发展中的其他多功能作物提供一个范例。本研究首次将 LCSA 与 COMET 相结合，这是一种很有前途的方法，可在其他可持续性评估案例研究中采用。

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引用次数: 0

Circularity assessment of product-service systems using system dynamics modeling 利用系统动力学建模评估产品服务系统的循环性

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.021

Max Werrel, Matthias Klar, Jan C. Aurich

Product-Service Systems (PSS) show the potential to implement the principles of a circular economy based on their characteristics, such as the use of an extended value network or the access of the PSS provider after distribution. PSS research shows that PSS are not inherently circular but must be designed specifically towards circularity. This requires an assessment method that can quantify the dimensions of circularity.

In this paper, an assessment method based on system dynamics (SD) modeling is presented that allows the use of raw materials and the generation of waste to be evaluated in the context of PSS. The SD model is based on a conceptual integration of circular economy strategies into the lifecycle of PSS. The model formulation is described in detail and validated with several tests. The capabilities of the assessment approach are presented in an application scenario. The results show that SD modeling can be used for circularity assessment and can possibly serve as a starting point to enhance circularity.

产品-服务系统（PSS）根据其特点，如使用扩展的价值网络或在分销后获得 PSS 供应商，显示出实施循环经济原则的潜力。对 PSS 的研究表明，PSS 本身并不具有循环性，而是必须专门为实现循环性而设计。本文介绍了一种基于系统动力学（SD）建模的评估方法，可以在 PSS 的背景下评估原材料的使用和废物的产生。SD 模型基于将循环经济战略融入 PSS 生命周期的概念。对模型的制定进行了详细描述，并通过若干测试进行了验证。在一个应用场景中介绍了评估方法的能力。结果表明，可持续发展模型可用于循环性评估，并有可能成为提高循环性的起点。

引用次数: 0

Toward a collaborative circular ecosystem within the built environment 在建筑环境中建立协作式循环生态系统

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.019

Phuc Huynh Evertsen, Vegard Knotten

The built environment has drastically transitioned toward the circular economy (CE) to reduce carbon footprint, waste emission, and resource consumption. The circular ecosystem with close collaboration between diverse actors is critical to the sector's CE transition success. However, a holistic perspective on the circular ecosystem of the built environment remains lacking. This paper provides new insights into the complex and intricate dynamics of actor collaborations in the circular building ecosystems on the niche and regime levels. Moreover, this study shows the orchestrating roles of the municipalities and developers as the ‘keystone’ actors in the circular ecosystem. It also stresses the increasingly significant roles of new actors as the driving forces for the socio-technical paradigm shift toward CE in construction. The actor collaboration in the circular building ecosystem has been shifted to more collaborative and multi-dimensional (i.e., top-down, bottom-up, and horizontal). We also map the actor networks using CE principles and explain the importance of addressing incentives for stronger actor collaborations. Finally, this paper provides policy and managerial implications to reinforce collaboration dynamics and CE practices in the built environment.

建筑环境已急剧向循环经济（CE）转型，以减少碳足迹、废物排放和资源消耗。不同参与者之间密切合作的循环生态系统对于该行业成功实现循环经济转型至关重要。然而，目前仍缺乏对建筑环境循环生态系统的整体视角。本文从利基和制度两个层面，对循环型建筑生态系统中参与者之间错综复杂的合作动态提出了新的见解。此外，本研究还显示了市政当局和开发商作为循环生态系统中的 "基石 "参与者所发挥的协调作用。本研究还强调了新的参与者作为社会技术范式向建筑中的消费电子转变的推动力所发挥的日益重要的作用。在循环建筑生态系统中，参与者的合作已转向更具协作性和多维性（即自上而下、自下而上和横向）。我们还利用 CE 原则绘制了行为者网络图，并解释了为加强行为者合作而解决激励问题的重要性。最后，本文提出了在建筑环境中加强协作动力和 CE 实践的政策和管理影响。

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引用次数: 0

Company views of consumers regarding sustainable packaging 公司消费者对可持续包装的看法

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.018

Carsten Herbes , Ellen Mielinger , Victoria Krauter , Elena Arranz , Rosa María Cámara Hurtado , Begonya Marcos , Fátima Poças , Salvador Ruiz de Maya , Ramona Weinrich

In the transition towards more sustainable food packaging, food companies play a key role: they decide what type of packaging to use in their production. Past research posits that corporate decision making on sustainable packaging is driven by perceived consumer demand, making it important to understand how companies see consumers, a topic largely neglected in the literature. Our study aims at uncovering how food packaging professionals see consumer demand for sustainable packaging. We performed qualitative interviews with packaging professionals from food companies in Germany, Austria, Spain, and Portugal; we then performed qualitative content analysis on the responses. The results show that half of our interviewees think that sustainability in packaging does not matter to consumers. Further, pertaining to the packaging life cycle, packaging professionals believe that consumers pay more attention to attributes related to raw materials, i.e. the beginning of the packaging life cycle, preferring paper and rejecting plastics. Interviewees demonstrate scant awareness of consumer research which shows that bio-based materials, biodegradability and recycled materials matter to consumers. Our interviewees frequently criticized consumers, presenting what we identify as narratives of disempowerment whereby responsibility for sustainable packaging is not theirs. First, they perceive consumers as an obstacle. Second, they describe their own position as not very powerful vis-à-vis packaging manufacturers and retailers. And third, they are often unsure about consumer attitudes, knowledge or behavior. This assignment of responsibility for packaging decisions to retailers and consumers emerges as a strong barrier to the expansion of sustainable packaging. Analyzing the perceptions that companies have of consumers may help in better aligning consumer attitudes and behaviors and company strategies for sustainable packaging.

在向更可持续的食品包装过渡的过程中，食品企业扮演着关键角色：它们决定在生产中使用哪种类型的包装。过去的研究认为，企业在可持续包装方面的决策是由消费者的需求感知驱动的，因此了解企业如何看待消费者就显得尤为重要，而这一话题在文献中大多被忽视。我们的研究旨在揭示食品包装专业人士如何看待消费者对可持续包装的需求。我们对来自德国、奥地利、西班牙和葡萄牙食品公司的包装专业人士进行了定性访谈，然后对回答进行了定性内容分析。结果显示，半数受访者认为消费者并不关心包装的可持续性。此外，关于包装的生命周期，包装专业人士认为，消费者更关注与原材料相关的属性，即包装生命周期的起始阶段，他们更喜欢纸张而拒绝塑料。受访者对消费者研究的了解甚少，而这些研究表明，生物基材料、生物降解性和可回收材料对消费者很重要。我们的受访者经常批评消费者，提出了我们所认为的失权叙事，即可持续包装的责任不在消费者。首先，他们认为消费者是障碍。其次，相对于包装生产商和零售商，他们认为自己的地位并不强大。第三，他们往往不清楚消费者的态度、知识或行为。这种将包装决策的责任推给零售商和消费者的做法，成为扩大可持续包装的强大障碍。分析公司对消费者的看法有助于更好地调整消费者的态度和行为以及公司的可持续包装战略。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating edible insect into circular agriculture for sustainable production 将食用昆虫纳入循环农业，促进可持续生产

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.015

Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame , Joel Cornelius Runyu , Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Sustainable agriculture faces the challenge of balancing environmental stewardship, food security, and the needs of a growing global population. This study examines how integrating edible insect farming into a circular agriculture can enhance traditional cropping and livestock practices, thus improving environmental sustainability, food security, and economic growth. Using system Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), the study constructed, with multi-stakeholder engagements support, a detailed system map of sustainable agriculture incorporating insect, crop, and livestock farming. The network analysis of the CLD used a directed adjacency matrix of 39 variables and 101 edges of the system to reveal key determinants that are central to the system's efficiency, robustness, and overall dynamics through various centrality measures. Through stocks and flows model simulations, four scenarios of the system, focusing on black soldier fly (BSF) and cricket farming with maize and poultry operations were evaluated. The BSF and crickets are evaluated for their dual role in waste reduction and nutrient cycling, which are pivotal in promoting agricultural sustainability and resilience. The system's feedback loops revealed intricate interactions between insect, crop, and livestock farming, with loops B1-B18 and R1-R17 showing sustainable cycles. Network analysis revealed rapid information spread with an average path length of 3.89, low edge density of 6.82 %, and highlighted insect rearing, employment, labour, and farmer population as pivotal determinants influencing the system's dynamics and efficiency. The stocks and flows model simulations showed significant synergies between insect farming and traditional agriculture. Key findings revealed that the integration of BSF and cricket farming into maize and poultry systems led to 30 % increase in maize production, 20 % increase in poultry weight with 6000 kg of dried BSF larvae and 4000 kg of crickets produced over 5 years. The annual profits increased to $1400 from BSF farming and over $1000 from cricket farming. The study highlights the critical role of systemic interactions and feedback loops in optimizing agricultural outputs and sustainability goals to significantly boost productivity and economic viability in sustainable agriculture. It catalyses a paradigm shift towards innovative, resilient, and circular agricultural practices globally. The study advocates for the adoption of edible insect farming as a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture within a circular agriculture, highlighting its potential to significantly improve food security, environmental sustainability, and economic viability. Recommendations include promoting insect farming, supporting smallholder farmers, investing in research and development, enhancing market access, and incorporating circular economy principles into agricultural policies.

可持续农业面临着平衡环境管理、粮食安全和不断增长的全球人口需求的挑战。本研究探讨了如何将食用昆虫养殖纳入循环农业，以加强传统的种植和畜牧业实践，从而提高环境可持续性、粮食安全和经济增长。这项研究利用系统因果循环图（CLD），在多方利益相关者参与的支持下，构建了一个包含昆虫、作物和畜牧业的可持续农业详细系统图。因果循环图的网络分析使用了由 39 个变量和 101 条系统边组成的有向邻接矩阵，通过各种中心度量，揭示了对系统效率、稳健性和整体动态至关重要的关键决定因素。通过存量和流量模型模拟，对该系统的四种情景进行了评估，重点是黑实蝇（BSF）和蟋蟀养殖以及玉米和家禽养殖。对黑实蝇和蟋蟀进行评估，是因为它们在减少废物和养分循环方面发挥着双重作用，而这对促进农业可持续性和恢复力至关重要。该系统的反馈回路揭示了昆虫、作物和畜牧业之间错综复杂的相互作用，回路 B1-B18 和 R1-R17 显示了可持续的循环。网络分析显示信息传播迅速，平均路径长度为 3.89，边缘密度较低，仅为 6.82%，并强调昆虫饲养、就业、劳动力和农民人口是影响系统动态和效率的关键决定因素。存量和流量模型模拟显示，昆虫养殖与传统农业之间存在显著的协同效应。主要研究结果表明，将 BSF 和蟋蟀养殖融入玉米和家禽养殖系统后，玉米产量增加了 30%，家禽重量增加了 20%，5 年间共生产了 6000 公斤干 BSF 幼虫和 4000 公斤蟋蟀。养殖 BSF 的年利润增至 1400 美元，养殖蟋蟀的年利润超过 1000 美元。这项研究强调了系统互动和反馈回路在优化农业产出和可持续发展目标方面的关键作用，以显著提高可持续农业的生产率和经济可行性。它推动了全球向创新、弹性和循环农业实践的范式转变。该研究倡导采用食用昆虫养殖作为循环农业中可持续农业的基石，强调其在显著改善粮食安全、环境可持续性和经济可行性方面的潜力。建议包括推广昆虫养殖、支持小农、投资研发、加强市场准入以及将循环经济原则纳入农业政策。

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引用次数: 0

Factors associated with Finnish, German and UK consumers' intentions to test, buy and recommend reusable fast-moving consumer goods packaging 与芬兰、德国和英国消费者测试、购买和推荐可重复使用快速消费品包装的意向相关的因素

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.011

Angelos Balatsas-Lekkas, Harri Luomala, Kyösti Pennanen

This study investigates factors connected with consumers' intentions to test, buy and recommend reusable packaging for Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) by extending the Theory of Planned Behavior model with positive and negative emotions as facilitators of intentions and all behavioral determinants (i.e. attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control). In addition, the connection of five perceived value dimensions (functional, emotional, social, price, environmental sustainability) and attitudes is explored. A conceptual model and relevant hypotheses were tested with consumers from Finland, Germany, and the UK (total N = 2400) through Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Main results show that positive emotions have a key role in consumers' assessment of reusable FMCG packaging: They have a direct and strong influence on intentions and also influence perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. Additionally, none of the examined perceived values had a significant connection with consumers' attitudes. Consumers' adoption of reusable FMCG packaging solutions can be encouraged through positive emotional experiences related to packaging reuse. Behavioral change and marketing strategies can support consumers' experiences by considering affect (e.g., positive emotions), cognition (e.g., perceived behavioral control), and social expectations (e.g., subjective norms) as influential factors.

本研究通过扩展 "计划行为理论 "模型，将积极情绪和消极情绪作为意图和所有行为决定因素（即态度、主观规范、感知行为控制）的促进因素，调查了与消费者测试、购买和推荐快速消费品（FMCGs）可重复使用包装的意图相关的因素。此外，还探讨了五个感知价值维度（功能、情感、社会、价格、环境可持续性）与态度之间的联系。通过偏最小二乘法-结构方程模型（PLS-SEM），对芬兰、德国和英国的消费者（总人数 = 2400）进行了概念模型和相关假设的测试。主要结果表明，积极情绪在消费者对可重复使用快速消费品包装的评估中起着关键作用：积极情绪对消费意向有直接而强烈的影响，同时也影响感知行为控制和主观规范。此外，所研究的感知价值都与消费者的态度没有显著联系。可以通过与包装重复使用相关的积极情感体验来鼓励消费者采用可重复使用的快速消费品包装解决方案。行为改变和营销策略可以通过将情感（如积极情绪）、认知（如感知行为控制）和社会期望（如主观规范）作为影响因素来支持消费者的体验。

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引用次数: 0

Towards digitalization of the circular economy in the furniture industry 实现家具行业循环经济的数字化

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.010

Fabian Wulf , Lisa Hagedorn , Leo Munier , Juliane Balder , Caroline Mathi , Rainer Stark , Alexander Pfriem

Fashionable, cheap furniture of questionable quality is often used for short-term economic gain. If the furniture is not liked, it is quickly discarded. The need to reduce CO2 emissions, dwindling resources and social and political demands contradict this practice and require the implementation of closed-loops material cycles and the introduction of circular business models. A systematic literature review and a case study were conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of current circular economy strategies (e.g. reuse, refurbishment and recycling) implemented in the furniture industry in relation to various key activities of platform companies. As part of the case study, interviews were conducted with stakeholders and experts from the furniture and interior design industry. The European Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform was also consulted. The literature review and the case study show that the furniture industry is in a state of transition. By incorporating designs that allow for improved remanufacturing, refurbishment and reuse, companies in the industry are increasingly starting to consider circular economy patterns. Increasing digitization and servitization are driving new circular business models. Another key finding is that digital platforms are suitable for connecting stakeholders such as manufacturers, service providers and consumers, taking into account the relevant business models. The study also identified motivations, barriers and requirements for the implementation of circular and digital business models in the furniture and interior design industry. There is still a large gap between what can be achieved with a circular economy and its actual implementation.

质量有问题的时尚廉价家具往往被用来谋取短期经济利益。如果家具不受欢迎，很快就会被丢弃。减少二氧化碳排放的需要、日益减少的资源以及社会和政治要求都与这种做法相矛盾，因此需要实施闭环材料循环和引入循环商业模式。我们进行了系统的文献综述和案例研究，以全面了解家具行业当前实施的循环经济战略（如再利用、翻新和回收）与平台公司各种关键活动的关系。作为案例研究的一部分，对家具和室内设计行业的利益相关者和专家进行了访谈。此外，还咨询了欧洲循环经济利益相关者平台。文献综述和案例研究表明，家具行业正处于转型期。通过采用可改进再制造、翻新和再利用的设计，该行业的公司越来越多地开始考虑循环经济模式。日益数字化和服务化正在推动新的循环商业模式。另一个重要发现是，考虑到相关的商业模式，数字平台适合连接制造商、服务提供商和消费者等利益相关方。研究还确定了家具和室内设计行业实施循环和数字化商业模式的动机、障碍和要求。循环经济所能实现的目标与实际实施之间仍有很大差距。

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引用次数: 0

The carbon footprints of consumption of goods and services in Sweden at municipal and postcode level and policy interventions 瑞典市镇和邮编一级商品和服务消费的碳足迹及政策干预措施

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.013

Elena Dawkins , Mahboubeh Rahmati-Abkenar , Katarina Axelsson , Rok Grah , Derik Broekhoff

Carbon footprints show the greenhouse gas emissions associated with consumption of goods and services. Many countries now calculate carbon footprints at the national level, published as part of national environmental accounts. However, carbon footprint estimates at the local or regional levels are less common. Municipalities call for consistent and comparable carbon footprint data to support their low carbon transitions.

This study presents estimates of households' carbon footprints for all Swedish municipalities, down to the postcode level. It uses a downscaling approach to disaggregate the Swedish national carbon footprint from the national level to Swedish postcode level, using the best available local data on expenditure, greenhouse gas emissions or other data such as energy use, at the smallest geographical scale. The variation in carbon footprints at municipal and postcode levels is analysed and key contributing consumption categories identified. The study then discusses how these data can and have been used to support policymaking.

The results show considerable variations in average carbon footprints at the postcode level in Sweden, between about 3.7 and 17.8 t CO₂eq per capita. Footprints of items such as flights and personal vehicles have high variation, whereas the consumption categories of food, electricity, and clothing are more similar. A strong positive correlation exists between incomes and the total carbon footprint. Carbon footprints from personal vehicles have a negative correlation to population density, while the footprint of clothing, restaurants and flights have a positive correlation to population density.

In terms of policy, several municipalities in Sweden were found to have carbon footprint reduction goals and related policies. A number of municipalities also demonstrated the application of preliminary data from the study for raising public awareness, policymaking, and monitoring progress towards reduction targets. The recommendations for future development and use of these data for policy and decision-making include: (1) ensuring data access, learning and stakeholder engagement with the data; (2) using the data to develop policy visions and goals and associated reduction targets and; (3) designing policy interventions that will reduce carbon footprints, taking into account factors such as variation at the local scale and between consumption categories, geography, socio-economic circumstances, inequalities, and systemic change.

碳足迹显示与商品和服务消费相关的温室气体排放量。目前，许多国家都在国家层面计算碳足迹，并作为国家环境账户的一部分予以公布。然而，地方或区域层面的碳足迹估算并不常见。市政当局呼吁获得一致且可比较的碳足迹数据，以支持其低碳转型。本研究提供了瑞典所有城市家庭碳足迹的估算数据，细化到邮政编码级别。该研究采用降尺度方法，将瑞典全国碳足迹从国家层面分解到瑞典邮政编码层面，在最小的地理尺度上，使用可获得的有关支出、温室气体排放或其他数据（如能源使用）的最佳地方数据。研究分析了市级和邮编级碳足迹的差异，并确定了主要的消费类别。研究结果表明，瑞典邮政编码层面的平均碳足迹差异相当大，在人均约 3.7 吨二氧化碳当量到 17.8 吨二氧化碳当量之间。航班和个人车辆等项目的碳足迹差异较大，而食品、电力和服装等消费类别的碳足迹则较为相似。收入与总碳足迹之间存在很强的正相关性。个人车辆的碳足迹与人口密度呈负相关，而服装、餐馆和航班的碳足迹与人口密度呈正相关。一些城市还展示了将研究中的初步数据应用于提高公众意识、政策制定和监测实现减排目标的进展情况。关于未来开发和使用这些数据制定政策和决策的建议包括(1) 确保数据的获取、学习和利益相关者对数据的参与；(2) 利用数据制定政策愿景和目标以及相关的减排目标；(3) 设计能够减少碳足迹的政策干预措施，同时考虑当地范围内和消费类别之间的差异、地理、社会经济环境、不平等和系统性变化等因素。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental impacts of drug products: The effect of the selection of production sites in the supply chain 药品对环境的影响：供应链中生产地点选择的影响

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.016

Amelie Verlinden , Lieselot Boone , Wouter De Soete , Jo Dewulf

The environmental impact of drug products is largely determined by activities beyond the direct control of pharmaceutical companies, such as outsourced production of pharmaceutical building blocks. Therefore, this study evaluates the environmental impacts of a prostate cancer drug packaged in one blister (declared unit), thereby analysing the whole value chain to gain insight into 1) the main contributors to the impact of drug product production and 2) the effect of the geographical location of production of solvents and pharmaceuticals. The carbon and resource footprints of the entire life cycle of the drug product are determined, using the IPCC GWP 100 and the Cumulative Exergy Extraction from the Natural Environment methods, respectively. Unlike many other studies, the impacts of building blocks, called intermediate pharmaceutical ingredients (IPIs), are modelled based on primary data, literature and similar processes. The carbon footprint per declared unit equals 34 kg CO₂-eq, of which IPIs and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production account for 96 %. The resource footprint is 647 MJ_ex/declared unit, with IPI and API production accounting for 93 %. The main impact contributors of these processes are solvents and electricity consumption. Four alternative scenarios for IPI and API production are developed to evaluate the geographical influence of different production locations of solvents and pharmaceuticals between Europe and China. European production of solvents and pharmaceuticals appears to have the lowest carbon and resource footprint. In contrast, Chinese production of solvents and pharmaceuticals increases the carbon footprint by 49 %, while the resource footprint increases by only 4 %, although the natural resource consumption shifts from abiotic renewable resources and nuclear energy to fossil fuels. The high contribution of IPI production and the influence of geography of the supply chain highlight the need for accurate data from external suppliers to fairly estimate the environmental footprint of drug products.

药物产品对环境的影响在很大程度上是由制药公司无法直接控制的活动决定的，例如制药构件的外包生产。因此，本研究评估了以一个泡罩（申报单位）包装的前列腺癌药物对环境的影响，从而分析了整个价值链，以深入了解：1）药物产品生产影响的主要因素；2）溶剂和药品生产的地理位置的影响。分别使用 IPCC 全球升温潜能值 100 和从自然环境中提取的累积能耗方法，确定了药物产品整个生命周期的碳足迹和资源足迹。与许多其他研究不同的是，该研究根据原始数据、文献和类似流程，对称为中间药物成分（IPIs）的构件的影响进行建模。每个申报单位的碳足迹相当于 34 千克二氧化碳当量，其中 IPIs 和活性药物成分 (API) 生产占 96%。资源足迹为 647 兆焦耳/申报单位，其中 IPI 和原料药生产占 93%。这些工艺的主要影响因素是溶剂和电力消耗。我们为 IPI 和原料药生产制定了四种备选方案，以评估欧洲和中国之间不同溶剂和药品生产地点的地理影响。欧洲的溶剂和药品生产似乎具有最低的碳足迹和资源足迹。相比之下，中国溶剂和药品生产的碳足迹增加了 49%，而资源足迹仅增加了 4%，尽管自然资源消耗从非生物可再生资源和核能转向了化石燃料。IPI 生产的高贡献率和供应链地理位置的影响突出表明，需要外部供应商提供准确的数据，以公平地估算药物产品的环境足迹。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond greenhouse gases – Comprehensive planetary boundary footprints to measure environmental impact 超越温室气体--衡量环境影响的综合地球边界足迹

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.009

Kylie Goodwin , Mengyu Li , Thomas Wiedmann

The planetary boundary framework identifies nine areas of key environmental risk globally. The causes of climate change are well understood as a serious and existential threat; however the other eight areas of concern have a much more limited understanding of what is driving their continued increase.

This research utilises Global Resource Input Output Assessment (GLORIA) multiregional input-output (MRIO) tables to map 15 footprint indicators across 51 sectors and seven global regions, identifying key sectors driving planetary boundary impacts and suggesting targeted interventions for sustainability.

The relative role of emission intensity and total expenditure is shown, and potential trade-offs and synergies between sectors and indicators are identified. High-impact footprint clusters are identified as food and textiles, and the built environment, with moderate impacts from the services and energy sectors. These relationships are compared to several transformation agendas, identifying overlooked relationships and drivers, including the predominant role of commercial buildings and infrastructure in built environment impacts and the correlation between greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. The primary driver of plastic use footprints is seen to be the built environment, however as a whole chemical pollution levels remain a significant unknown, and the challenge to globally stop the flow of further dangerous substances and clean up existing contaminated sites is large.

By providing a detailed breakdown of planetary boundary drivers this work enables decision-makers to understand the risks and issues associated with economic purchases across all critical environmental pathways simultaneously to better prioritise action for a stable planet.

行星边界框架确定了全球九个主要环境风险领域。本研究利用全球资源投入产出评估（GLORIA）的多区域投入产出表（MRIO），绘制了 51 个部门和 7 个全球区域的 15 项足迹指标，确定了推动行星边界影响的关键部门，并提出了可持续发展的针对性干预措施。研究显示了排放强度和总支出的相对作用，并确定了部门和指标之间的潜在权衡和协同作用。高影响足迹集群被确定为食品和纺织品以及建筑环境，服务和能源部门的影响适中。将这些关系与若干转型议程进行了比较，确定了被忽视的关系和驱动因素，包括商业建筑和基础设施在建筑环境影响中的主导作用，以及温室气体排放和空气污染之间的相关性。塑料使用足迹的主要驱动因素被认为是建筑环境，但作为一个整体，化学污染水平仍然是一个重大的未知数，而在全球范围内阻止更多危险物质的流动并清理现有的污染场地是一个巨大的挑战。通过对地球边界驱动因素的详细分解，这项工作使决策者能够同时了解与所有关键环境途径中的经济购买相关的风险和问题，从而更好地为稳定的地球优先采取行动。

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引用次数: 0