Sustainable Production and Consumption最新文献_第5页

A global synthesis of nitrous oxide emissions across cotton-planted soils 全球棉花种植土壤的一氧化二氮排放量综述

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.022

Zhanlei Pan , Zhenggui Zhang , Junhong Li , Yaopeng Zhang , Menghua Zhai , Wenqi Zhao , Lizhi Wang , Ao Li , Kunfeng Wang , Zhanbiao Wang

Globally, acquiring information on region- and crop-specific nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions is vital for establishing effective N₂O mitigation strategies. Soil cultivated with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important source of N₂O in agricultural production. However, little is known about the magnitudes and main drivers of soil N₂O emissions from cotton fields worldwide. In this meta-analysis, we were the first to synthesize 34 peer-reviewed papers (298 observational datasets) to quantify the magnitudes and controlling factors of area-scaled N₂O emissions (N₂O_area), direct N₂O emission factors (EF_d), and yield-scaled N₂O emissions (N₂O_yield) from the soils of cotton fields and to explore associated potential mitigation strategies. On average, the N₂O_area from global cotton-planted soils was 2.10 kg N ha⁻¹, with a mean EF_d of 0.92 %, which is comparable to those reported for cereal crops (e.g., maize, 1.02 %) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default value of 1 % for global croplands. The global mean N₂O_yield estimated here was 622 g N Mg⁻¹. At the global scale, the variations in all N₂O-related indices in the soils of cotton fields were demonstrated to be primarily controlled by climatic conditions (e.g. climate type) and soil properties (e.g., bulk density, pH, C/N or soil texture) rather than by well-recognized management practices (e.g., N fertilization rate). Furthermore, our analysis showed that the application of urease and/or nitrification inhibitors significantly reduced soil N₂O emissions while maintaining seed cotton yields. These findings emphasize that cotton production has an obvious climate footprint and provide potential N₂O mitigation options for the sustainable intensification of cotton production.

在全球范围内，获取特定地区和作物的一氧化二氮（N2O）排放信息对于制定有效的一氧化二氮减缓战略至关重要。种植棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）的土壤是农业生产中一氧化二氮的重要来源。然而，人们对全球棉田土壤一氧化二氮排放量的大小和主要驱动因素知之甚少。在这项荟萃分析中，我们首次综合了 34 篇经同行评审的论文（298 个观测数据集），量化了棉田土壤的面积标度 N2O 排放量（N2Oarea）、直接 N2O 排放因子（EFd）和产量标度 N2O 排放量（N2Oyield）的大小和控制因素，并探讨了相关的潜在减缓策略。平均而言，全球棉田土壤的一氧化二氮面积为 2.10 千克氮/公顷-1，平均 EFd 为 0.92%，与谷类作物（如玉米，1.02%）和政府间气候变化专门委员会为全球耕地设定的 1% 的默认值相当。此处估算的全球平均一氧化二氮产量为 622 克 N Mg-1。在全球范围内，棉田土壤中所有与一氧化二氮有关的指数的变化都被证明主要受气候条件（如气候类型）和土壤特性（如容重、pH 值、C/N 或土壤质地）的控制，而不是受公认的管理方法（如氮肥施用量）的控制。此外，我们的分析表明，在保持籽棉产量的同时，施用脲酶和/或硝化抑制剂可显著减少土壤中的一氧化二氮排放量。这些发现强调了棉花生产对气候的明显影响，并为棉花生产的可持续集约化提供了潜在的一氧化二氮减缓方案。

{"title":"A global synthesis of nitrous oxide emissions across cotton-planted soils","authors":"Zhanlei Pan , Zhenggui Zhang , Junhong Li , Yaopeng Zhang , Menghua Zhai , Wenqi Zhao , Lizhi Wang , Ao Li , Kunfeng Wang , Zhanbiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, acquiring information on region- and crop-specific nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions is vital for establishing effective N<sub>2</sub>O mitigation strategies. Soil cultivated with cotton (<em>Gossypium hirsutum</em> L.) is an important source of N<sub>2</sub>O in agricultural production. However, little is known about the magnitudes and main drivers of soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from cotton fields worldwide. In this meta-analysis, we were the first to synthesize 34 peer-reviewed papers (298 observational datasets) to quantify the magnitudes and controlling factors of area-scaled N<sub>2</sub>O emissions (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>area</sub>), direct N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors (EF<sub>d</sub>), and yield-scaled N<sub>2</sub>O emissions (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>yield</sub>) from the soils of cotton fields and to explore associated potential mitigation strategies. On average, the N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>area</sub> from global cotton-planted soils was 2.10 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, with a mean EF<sub>d</sub> of 0.92 %, which is comparable to those reported for cereal crops (e.g., maize, 1.02 %) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default value of 1 % for global croplands. The global mean N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>yield</sub> estimated here was 622 g N Mg<sup>−1</sup>. At the global scale, the variations in all N<sub>2</sub>O-related indices in the soils of cotton fields were demonstrated to be primarily controlled by climatic conditions (e.g. climate type) and soil properties (e.g., bulk density, pH, C/N or soil texture) rather than by well-recognized management practices (e.g., N fertilization rate). Furthermore, our analysis showed that the application of urease and/or nitrification inhibitors significantly reduced soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions while maintaining seed cotton yields. These findings emphasize that cotton production has an obvious climate footprint and provide potential N<sub>2</sub>O mitigation options for the sustainable intensification of cotton production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 315-326"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing dietary habits for climate benefits in China: Greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable substitution strategies 在中国优化饮食习惯，实现气候惠益：温室气体排放与可持续替代战略

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.024

Yiqiong Du , Zhe Zhao , Fan Zhang , Ziqiang Du

The transition in dietary patterns will impact future food consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). In this study, we employed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) coefficient method to evaluate the GHGs associated with dietary consumption across 31 provinces in China from 1978 to 2022. Additionally, we simulated the greenhouse gas emission reduction potential and the spatio-temporal changes under five food substitution scenarios for the period 2022–2050. The results indicated that GHGs from animal-based foods increased the most, rising from 1673.1 Mt. CO₂eq in 1978 to 6660.3 Mt. CO₂eq in 2022, with pork being the largest source of emissions, accounting for approximately 44 %. The grain-based food substitution scenario resulted in the lowest GHG emissions, about 533.88 Mt. CO₂eq. Conversely, the plant-based food substitution scenario had the highest emissions, reaching 635.49 Mt. CO₂eq. This study provides a benchmark for improving regional dietary structures and formulating policies aimed at reducing GHGs through dietary consumption.

膳食模式的转变将影响未来的食品消费和温室气体排放（GHGs）。在本研究中，我们采用政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）系数法评估了 1978 年至 2022 年中国 31 个省份与膳食消费相关的温室气体排放量。此外，我们还模拟了 2022-2050 年期间五种食物替代情景下的温室气体减排潜力和时空变化。结果表明，动物性食品产生的温室气体增加最多，从1978年的1673.1百万吨二氧化碳当量增加到2022年的6660.3百万吨二氧化碳当量，其中猪肉是最大的排放源，约占44%。谷物食品替代情景的温室气体排放量最低，约为 5.3388 亿吨 CO2eq。相反，植物性食品替代方案的温室气体排放量最高，达到 635.49 兆吨二氧化碳当量。这项研究为改善地区膳食结构和制定旨在通过膳食消费减少温室气体的政策提供了基准。

{"title":"Optimizing dietary habits for climate benefits in China: Greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable substitution strategies","authors":"Yiqiong Du , Zhe Zhao , Fan Zhang , Ziqiang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition in dietary patterns will impact future food consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). In this study, we employed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) coefficient method to evaluate the GHGs associated with dietary consumption across 31 provinces in China from 1978 to 2022. Additionally, we simulated the greenhouse gas emission reduction potential and the spatio-temporal changes under five food substitution scenarios for the period 2022–2050. The results indicated that GHGs from animal-based foods increased the most, rising from 1673.1 Mt. CO<sub>2</sub>eq in 1978 to 6660.3 Mt. CO<sub>2</sub>eq in 2022, with pork being the largest source of emissions, accounting for approximately 44 %. The grain-based food substitution scenario resulted in the lowest GHG emissions, about 533.88 Mt. CO<sub>2</sub>eq. Conversely, the plant-based food substitution scenario had the highest emissions, reaching 635.49 Mt. CO<sub>2</sub>eq. This study provides a benchmark for improving regional dietary structures and formulating policies aimed at reducing GHGs through dietary consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 292-302"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repurpose or recycle? Simulating end-of-life scenarios for electric vehicle batteries under the EU battery regulation 再利用还是再循环？模拟欧盟电池法规下的电动汽车电池报废情景

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.023

Juliane Seika , Merla Kubli

A high number of electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to reach end-of-(first)-life during the mobility transition, leaving large volumes of scarce materials behind. At the same time, shortages are expected in the supply chain for battery materials, emphasising the urgency to develop a circular economy for EV batteries. In this study, we investigated the market formation of repurposing and recycling by simulating long-term market dynamics. We quantitatively assessed the reinforcing and counteracting impact of the newly introduced EU battery regulation (2023/1542). We built a system dynamics model to capture the decision factors for repurposing or recycling end-of-life EV batteries. Our findings reveal that the EU battery regulation is effective when it comes to building the required recycling capacities. Our simulations highlight that the current recycling capacities are insufficient to meet the growing demand, thereby highlighting the need for investors to expand the current facilities. On the other hand, the EU battery regulation, which promotes recycling with mandatory recycling shares, leads to a considerable dropping of shares in the emerging repurposing market. Our study concludes that, to achieve a circular economy for EV batteries, balanced support for recycling and repurposing is needed. We call for a complementary policy framework that ensures that repurposing is an integral part of the closed-loop system.

在交通转型期间，预计将有大量电动汽车（EV）达到报废（首次）年限，留下大量稀缺材料。与此同时，预计电池材料供应链将出现短缺，这凸显了发展电动汽车电池循环经济的紧迫性。在本研究中，我们通过模拟长期市场动态，调查了再利用和再循环的市场形成。我们定量评估了新出台的欧盟电池法规（2023/1542）的强化和抵消影响。我们建立了一个系统动力学模型，以捕捉对报废电动车电池进行再利用或回收的决策因素。我们的研究结果表明，欧盟电池法规在建立所需的回收能力方面是有效的。我们的模拟结果表明，目前的回收能力不足以满足日益增长的需求，因此投资者有必要扩建现有设施。另一方面，欧盟电池法规通过强制回收份额促进回收，导致新兴再利用市场的份额大幅下降。我们的研究得出结论，要实现电动汽车电池的循环经济，需要平衡对回收和再利用的支持。我们呼吁建立一个互补的政策框架，确保再利用成为闭环系统不可分割的一部分。

{"title":"Repurpose or recycle? Simulating end-of-life scenarios for electric vehicle batteries under the EU battery regulation","authors":"Juliane Seika , Merla Kubli","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high number of electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to reach end-of-(first)-life during the mobility transition, leaving large volumes of scarce materials behind. At the same time, shortages are expected in the supply chain for battery materials, emphasising the urgency to develop a circular economy for EV batteries. In this study, we investigated the market formation of repurposing and recycling by simulating long-term market dynamics. We quantitatively assessed the reinforcing and counteracting impact of the newly introduced EU battery regulation (2023/1542). We built a system dynamics model to capture the decision factors for repurposing or recycling end-of-life EV batteries. Our findings reveal that the EU battery regulation is effective when it comes to building the required recycling capacities. Our simulations highlight that the current recycling capacities are insufficient to meet the growing demand, thereby highlighting the need for investors to expand the current facilities. On the other hand, the EU battery regulation, which promotes recycling with mandatory recycling shares, leads to a considerable dropping of shares in the emerging repurposing market. Our study concludes that, to achieve a circular economy for EV batteries, balanced support for recycling and repurposing is needed. We call for a complementary policy framework that ensures that repurposing is an integral part of the closed-loop system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 644-656"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of repair and lifetime extension on the environmental performance of energy-using products. Application to electric water kettles 维修和延长使用寿命对用能产品环保性能的影响。电热水壶的应用

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.020

Sonia Sandez , Valeria Ibáñez-Forés , Pablo Juan , María D. Bovea

This study evaluates the environmental impacts of extending the lifetime of electric kettles through repair strategies by means of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. A total of 2640 scenarios were analysed, each considering six variables: material composition, usage intensity, year of failure, failure management, lifetime extension, and end-of-life (EoL) management. The results demonstrate that extending kettle lifetimes through repair can reduce the total environmental impact by up to 35 %, particularly in scenarios where low-energy use is combined with maximum lifetime extension. The use phase contributed the most to the environmental impact, accounting for 48–64 % of the total in most scenarios, driven primarily by energy consumption during kettle operation. In contrast, material composition and EoL management had a smaller effect, representing only 5–10 % of the impact. Repairs focused on lime descaling were the most effective, reducing the environmental burden by up to 20 %, while repairs involving component replacement were less impactful in this regard. These findings underscore the potential of repair strategies to significantly reduce the environmental footprint of household appliances. Policymakers should prioritise repairability in product design and promote consumer awareness to extend product lifetimes and achieve lower environmental impacts.

本研究通过生命周期评估（LCA）方法，评估了通过维修策略延长电热水壶使用寿命对环境的影响。共分析了 2640 个方案，每个方案都考虑了六个变量：材料成分、使用强度、故障年份、故障管理、使用寿命延长和寿命终期（EoL）管理。结果表明，通过维修延长水壶寿命可减少高达 35% 的总环境影响，尤其是在低能耗使用与最大限度延长寿命相结合的情况下。使用阶段对环境影响最大，在大多数情况下占总影响的 48-64%，主要由反应釜运行期间的能耗造成。相比之下，材料成分和 EoL 管理的影响较小，仅占影响的 5-10%。以石灰除垢为重点的维修最为有效，最多可减少 20% 的环境负担，而涉及部件更换的维修在这方面的影响较小。这些研究结果强调了维修策略在大幅减少家用电器环境足迹方面的潜力。政策制定者应在产品设计中优先考虑可修复性，并提高消费者的意识，以延长产品寿命，降低对环境的影响。

{"title":"The effect of repair and lifetime extension on the environmental performance of energy-using products. Application to electric water kettles","authors":"Sonia Sandez , Valeria Ibáñez-Forés , Pablo Juan , María D. Bovea","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the environmental impacts of extending the lifetime of electric kettles through repair strategies by means of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. A total of 2640 scenarios were analysed, each considering six variables: material composition, usage intensity, year of failure, failure management, lifetime extension, and end-of-life (EoL) management. The results demonstrate that extending kettle lifetimes through repair can reduce the total environmental impact by up to 35 %, particularly in scenarios where low-energy use is combined with maximum lifetime extension. The use phase contributed the most to the environmental impact, accounting for 48–64 % of the total in most scenarios, driven primarily by energy consumption during kettle operation. In contrast, material composition and EoL management had a smaller effect, representing only 5–10 % of the impact. Repairs focused on lime descaling were the most effective, reducing the environmental burden by up to 20 %, while repairs involving component replacement were less impactful in this regard. These findings underscore the potential of repair strategies to significantly reduce the environmental footprint of household appliances. Policymakers should prioritise repairability in product design and promote consumer awareness to extend product lifetimes and achieve lower environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 445-456"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A sustainability analysis for a circular power-to-liquid process for diesel production 柴油生产循环电转液工艺的可持续性分析

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.018

Grazia Leonzio , Niki Triantafyllou , Nilay Shah

The power-to-liquid process is a key emerging technology for fossil-free raw materials and energy systems. In this work, techno-economic, and environmental analyses are carried out for a Fischer-Tropsch process producing diesel and characterized by the recovery of carbon dioxide through direct air capture, as well as the recovery of water and heat. The main aim of this study is to verify with respective analyses the circularity of carbon dioxide, water and heat and to conduct a global sensitivity analysis to identify significant system process parameters for some key performance indicators, when changed simultaneously. Despite the proven circularity based on material and energy balances ensuring a power-to-liquid efficiency of about 44 %, results show that the water closed loop is not ensured from an environmental point of view. The water consumption impact category is, in fact, a positive value (0.58–0.74 m³depriv/kg_diesel), while the climate change impact category is a negative value (−1.22 to −0.28 kgCO_2eq/kg_diesel). A heat closed loop is attained according to the pinch analysis. The diesel production cost is competitive with the market price (1.76 and 2.07 $/liter_diesel respectively when solar and wind energy are used). Regarding the sensitivity analysis, it is found that only costs and efficiency depend on the geographic location of the plant, in contrast to other key performance indicators. Overall, an additional optimization of the process is hence required to ensure a closed water loop from an environmental point of view and reduce further the production cost.

电转液工艺是无化石原料和能源系统的一项关键新兴技术。在这项工作中，对生产柴油的费托工艺进行了技术经济和环境分析，该工艺的特点是通过直接空气捕集回收二氧化碳以及回收水和热量。本研究的主要目的是通过各自的分析验证二氧化碳、水和热量的循环性，并进行全局敏感性分析，以确定同时改变某些关键性能指标时的重要系统工艺参数。尽管根据材料和能量平衡证明了循环性，确保了约 44% 的电转液效率，但结果表明，从环境角度来看，水的闭合循环并没有得到保证。事实上，耗水量的影响值为正值（0.58-0.74 m3depriv/kgdiesel），而气候变化的影响值为负值（-1.22--0.28 kgCO2eq/kgdiesel）。根据掐头去尾分析，可实现热闭环。柴油生产成本与市场价格相比具有竞争力（使用太阳能和风能时分别为 1.76 和 2.07 美元/升柴油）。关于敏感性分析，发现只有成本和效率取决于工厂的地理位置，与其他关键性能指标不同。总之，需要对工艺进行进一步优化，以确保从环境角度实现水的闭合循环，并进一步降低生产成本。

{"title":"A sustainability analysis for a circular power-to-liquid process for diesel production","authors":"Grazia Leonzio , Niki Triantafyllou , Nilay Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The power-to-liquid process is a key emerging technology for fossil-free raw materials and energy systems. In this work, techno-economic, and environmental analyses are carried out for a Fischer-Tropsch process producing diesel and characterized by the recovery of carbon dioxide through direct air capture, as well as the recovery of water and heat. The main aim of this study is to verify with respective analyses the circularity of carbon dioxide, water and heat and to conduct a global sensitivity analysis to identify significant system process parameters for some key performance indicators, when changed simultaneously. Despite the proven circularity based on material and energy balances ensuring a power-to-liquid efficiency of about 44 %, results show that the water closed loop is not ensured from an environmental point of view. The water consumption impact category is, in fact, a positive value (0.58–0.74 m<sup>3</sup>depriv/kg<sub>diesel</sub>), while the climate change impact category is a negative value (−1.22 to −0.28 kgCO<sub>2eq</sub>/kg<sub>diesel</sub>). A heat closed loop is attained according to the pinch analysis. The diesel production cost is competitive with the market price (1.76 and 2.07 $/liter<sub>diesel</sub> respectively when solar and wind energy are used). Regarding the sensitivity analysis, it is found that only costs and efficiency depend on the geographic location of the plant, in contrast to other key performance indicators. Overall, an additional optimization of the process is hence required to ensure a closed water loop from an environmental point of view and reduce further the production cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 657-669"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing life cycle environmental impacts of milk production through precision livestock farming 通过精准畜牧业减少牛奶生产生命周期对环境的影响

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.021

Daniela Lovarelli , Marco Bovo , Claudia Giannone , Enrica Santolini , Patrizia Tassinari , Marcella Guarino

In recent decades, the livestock sector has significantly improved its efficiency, productivity, and environmental sustainability. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) represents a driver in this direction, since it enables to monitor individual animals and herds, and supports the farmer in making better decisions. Although the benefits are clear on a livestock perspective, it is difficult to quantify the environmental benefit of having technology on farm, mostly due to the complexity of collecting data on the same farm before and after a certain solution.

In this context, this paper focuses on the assessment of the environmental sustainability of a case-study Italian dairy cattle farm where different technologies were installed one by one: first a mechanical ventilation system (MV) and second an automatic milking system (AMS), without introducing other significant changes to the farm management and practices in the meantime. The environmental impact of milk production on the farm was quantified through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, and the initial farm configuration was compared with the two scenarios in which each technology was incorporated. Fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) was used as Functional Unit, and a cradle to farm gate system boundary and biophysical allocation method were selected. This enabled to provide valuable insights for stakeholders about the effect on the environmental sustainability of the use of the two technologies. The results show that for all the evaluated impact categories there is an environmental benefit of the improved scenarios. The biggest benefit can be observed with the installation of mechanical ventilation, to which correspond benefits in terms of animal health, welfare and productivity. Then, also AMS entails sustainability improvements, mainly linked with increased efficiency and productivity. In conclusion, the use of technology on dairy farms improves not only the farm efficiency and the animal management, but also the environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the rapid technological advancements may further enhance this positive trend in reducing the contribution of livestock farming to the environmental impacts provided that farmers adopt them.

近几十年来，畜牧业的效率、生产力和环境可持续性都有了显著提高。精准畜牧业（PLF）是这一方向的驱动力，因为它能够监测单个牲畜和畜群，帮助农民做出更好的决策。虽然从畜牧业的角度来看，精确畜牧业的好处显而易见，但很难量化在牧场采用技术对环境带来的好处，这主要是由于在采用某种解决方案之前和之后，在同一个牧场收集数据非常复杂。通过生命周期评估（LCA）方法量化了牧场牛奶生产对环境的影响，并将牧场的初始配置与采用每种技术的两种方案进行了比较。使用脂肪和蛋白质校正牛奶（FPCM）作为功能单元，并选择了从摇篮到农场大门的系统边界和生物物理分配方法。这样，利益相关者就能深入了解使用这两种技术对环境可持续性的影响。结果表明，在所有评估的影响类别中，改进方案都具有环境效益。安装机械通风设备的效益最大，动物健康、福利和生产率也相应提高。此外，AMS 还能改善可持续性，主要与提高效率和生产率有关。总之，在奶牛场使用技术不仅能提高牧场效率和动物管理水平，还能改善环境的可持续性。此外，快速的技术进步可能会进一步加强这一积极趋势，减少畜牧业对环境的影响，但前提是农民必须采用这些技术。

{"title":"Reducing life cycle environmental impacts of milk production through precision livestock farming","authors":"Daniela Lovarelli , Marco Bovo , Claudia Giannone , Enrica Santolini , Patrizia Tassinari , Marcella Guarino","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, the livestock sector has significantly improved its efficiency, productivity, and environmental sustainability. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) represents a driver in this direction, since it enables to monitor individual animals and herds, and supports the farmer in making better decisions. Although the benefits are clear on a livestock perspective, it is difficult to quantify the environmental benefit of having technology on farm, mostly due to the complexity of collecting data on the same farm before and after a certain solution.</div><div>In this context, this paper focuses on the assessment of the environmental sustainability of a case-study Italian dairy cattle farm where different technologies were installed one by one: first a mechanical ventilation system (MV) and second an automatic milking system (AMS), without introducing other significant changes to the farm management and practices in the meantime. The environmental impact of milk production on the farm was quantified through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, and the initial farm configuration was compared with the two scenarios in which each technology was incorporated. Fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) was used as Functional Unit, and a cradle to farm gate system boundary and biophysical allocation method were selected. This enabled to provide valuable insights for stakeholders about the effect on the environmental sustainability of the use of the two technologies. The results show that for all the evaluated impact categories there is an environmental benefit of the improved scenarios. The biggest benefit can be observed with the installation of mechanical ventilation, to which correspond benefits in terms of animal health, welfare and productivity. Then, also AMS entails sustainability improvements, mainly linked with increased efficiency and productivity. In conclusion, the use of technology on dairy farms improves not only the farm efficiency and the animal management, but also the environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the rapid technological advancements may further enhance this positive trend in reducing the contribution of livestock farming to the environmental impacts provided that farmers adopt them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 303-314"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative environmental and economic assessment of emerging hydrometallurgical recycling technologies for Li-ion battery cathodes 锂离子电池阴极新兴湿法冶金回收技术的环境和经济比较评估

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.015

Dilshan Sandaruwan Premathilake , Teklit Gebregiorgis Ambaye , Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior , Ana Teresa Macas Lima , Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa , Mentore Vaccari

The growing demand for electric vehicles has led to a growing concern for battery recycling, particularly for critical raw materials. However, there is insufficient investigation into the environmental and economic impacts of hydrometallurgical recycling methods. In this study we explored emerging hydrometallurgical technologies in economic and environmental perspective to establish conceptual routes to recover Co, Ni and Mn oxides from waste LiNi_0.33Mn_0.33Co_0.33O₂ cathode materials from spent Li-ion batteries. After, life cycle assessment and costing techniques were utilized to compare the environmental and economical performances of each conceptual route. Recovery efficiency of metal oxides through each route was also considered as a key factor. Results suggested that deep eutectic solvent-based leaching produces the highest impact under many impact categories while electrolysis-based leaching showed the least. Under purification technologies assessed, ion-exchange based purification showed significantly lower impact under many categories except stratospheric ozone depletion. Solvent based purification has been identified as the worst technology for purification. Hydroxide based calcination has been identified as the most environmentally sustainable calcination method compared to oxalate calcination. The route consists with inorganic leaching, ion-exchange based purification and hydroxide calcination showed the lowest environmental impact (emission effect at 33.8 kg CO₂ eq), with lower economic impact ($ 119) and the highest recovery efficiency (78 %) per 1 kg of cathode active materials. However, using electrolysis-based leaching can slightly increase the impacts with lower recovery efficiency (75 %) and better economic performance ($104/kg of cathode active materials). Terrestrial ecotoxicity was identified to be the most affected impact category for the recovery processes. It is recommended that technologies like deep eutectic solvent-based leaching, solvent extraction and environmentally sustainable technologies like supercritical fluid extraction need further studies prior to industrial applications.

随着电动汽车需求的不断增长，人们越来越关注电池的回收利用，尤其是关键原材料的回收利用。然而，对湿法冶金回收方法的环境和经济影响的调查还不够充分。在本研究中，我们从经济和环境的角度探讨了新兴的湿法冶金技术，以建立从废旧锂离子电池的 LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 正极材料中回收 Co、Ni 和 Mn 氧化物的概念路线。之后，利用生命周期评估和成本计算技术比较了每种概念路线的环境和经济性能。通过每种途径回收金属氧化物的效率也被视为一个关键因素。结果表明，在许多影响类别中，基于深共晶溶剂的浸出法产生的影响最大，而基于电解的浸出法产生的影响最小。在所评估的净化技术中，除平流层臭氧消耗外，基于离子交换的净化技术在许多类别中的影响明显较低。溶剂净化被认为是最差的净化技术。与草酸盐煅烧法相比，氢氧化物煅烧法被认为是最具环境可持续性的煅烧法。由无机沥滤、离子交换提纯和氢氧化物煅烧组成的路线对环境的影响最小（排放效应为 33.8 千克二氧化碳当量），对经济的影响较小（119 美元），每 1 千克阴极活性材料的回收效率最高（78%）。然而，使用电解法浸出会略微增加对环境的影响，但回收效率较低（75%），经济效益较好（每公斤阴极活性材料 104 美元）。陆地生态毒性被认为是对回收工艺影响最大的类别。建议在工业应用之前，需要进一步研究深共晶溶剂浸出、溶剂萃取等技术以及超临界流体萃取等环境可持续技术。

{"title":"Comparative environmental and economic assessment of emerging hydrometallurgical recycling technologies for Li-ion battery cathodes","authors":"Dilshan Sandaruwan Premathilake , Teklit Gebregiorgis Ambaye , Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior , Ana Teresa Macas Lima , Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa , Mentore Vaccari","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for electric vehicles has led to a growing concern for battery recycling, particularly for critical raw materials. However, there is insufficient investigation into the environmental and economic impacts of hydrometallurgical recycling methods. In this study we explored emerging hydrometallurgical technologies in economic and environmental perspective to establish conceptual routes to recover Co, Ni and Mn oxides from waste LiNi<sub>0.33</sub>Mn<sub>0.33</sub>Co<sub>0.33</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode materials from spent Li-ion batteries. After, life cycle assessment and costing techniques were utilized to compare the environmental and economical performances of each conceptual route. Recovery efficiency of metal oxides through each route was also considered as a key factor. Results suggested that deep eutectic solvent-based leaching produces the highest impact under many impact categories while electrolysis-based leaching showed the least. Under purification technologies assessed, ion-exchange based purification showed significantly lower impact under many categories except stratospheric ozone depletion. Solvent based purification has been identified as the worst technology for purification. Hydroxide based calcination has been identified as the most environmentally sustainable calcination method compared to oxalate calcination. The route consists with inorganic leaching, ion-exchange based purification and hydroxide calcination showed the lowest environmental impact (emission effect at 33.8 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq), with lower economic impact ($ 119) and the highest recovery efficiency (78 %) per 1 kg of cathode active materials. However, using electrolysis-based leaching can slightly increase the impacts with lower recovery efficiency (75 %) and better economic performance ($104/kg of cathode active materials). Terrestrial ecotoxicity was identified to be the most affected impact category for the recovery processes. It is recommended that technologies like deep eutectic solvent-based leaching, solvent extraction and environmentally sustainable technologies like supercritical fluid extraction need further studies prior to industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 327-344"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consumers' willingness-to-pay for dairy and plant-based milk alternatives towards sustainable dairy: A scoping review 消费者对可持续乳制品的乳制品和植物乳替代品的支付意愿：范围审查

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.010

Pamela Madududu , Damien Jourdain , Duc Tran , Margo Degieter , Selma Karuaihe , Herbert Ntuli , Hans De Steur

The dairy sector is transforming following growing concerns over sustainability, propelling innovations such as plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs). Researchers have shown increasing interest in conducting studies on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for dairy and PBMAs. This scoping review expounds on consumers' WTP for dairy and PBMAs, focusing on attributes to understand the variation across regions, value elicitation methods, driving factors, and impact on sustainable dairy. Researchers searched the literature using Web of Science, Scopus, and AgEcon databases and used descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to synthesize the findings of a scoping review of 123 worldwide studies. The reviewed studies applied stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) methods, but SP methods were dominant, especially discrete choice experiments (DCEs) (42 %) and contingent valuation methods (CVM) (25 %). Consumers were willing to pay an average premium of 44 % for all attributes. Most studies were on cow milk (90 %), whereas very few investigated PBMAs and other milk types. The average WTP for the attribute categories were organic (55 %), animal welfare (53 %), origin (45 %), milk quality and safety (45 %), brand (40 %), environmental (34 %), health-related (25 %), and sensory attributes (22 %). Consumers' WTP for dairy and PBMAs attributes impact the sustainability of the dairy sector across regions. Moreover, income, awareness, and information consciousness influenced consumers' WTP for organic, safety, health, and environmental milk attributes. This study highlights the complexity and diversity of consumers' WTP for dairy and PBMAs across regions. Our findings emphasize the need to employ multilevel strategies ranging from farm-level dairy production to processing and consumption to achieve socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable dairy. Future research should focus on consumers' WTP for PBMAs and gather more evidence on how consumers in Africa and South America value sustainable dairy and PBMAs.

随着人们对可持续发展的关注与日俱增，乳制品行业正在发生转变，植物基牛奶替代品（PBMAs）等创新产品应运而生。研究人员对研究消费者对乳制品和植物基牛奶替代品的支付意愿（WTP）表现出越来越大的兴趣。本范围综述阐述了消费者对乳制品和植物基牛奶替代品的支付意愿，重点关注了解不同地区消费者支付意愿的属性差异、价值激发方法、驱动因素以及对可持续乳制品的影响。研究人员使用 Web of Science、Scopus 和 AgEcon 数据库对文献进行了检索，并使用描述性统计和主题分析对全球 123 项研究的范围综述结果进行了归纳。综述研究采用了陈述偏好（SP）和揭示偏好（RP）方法，但陈述偏好方法占主导地位，尤其是离散选择实验（DCE）（42%）和或有估值方法（CVM）（25%）。消费者愿意为所有属性平均支付 44% 的溢价。大多数研究是针对牛奶的（90%），而很少有研究调查了 PBMA 和其他类型的牛奶。各类属性的平均 WTP 分别为有机属性（55%）、动物福利属性（53%）、原产地属性（45%）、牛奶质量和安全属性（45%）、品牌属性（40%）、环境属性（34%）、健康相关属性（25%）和感官属性（22%）。消费者对乳制品和PBMAs属性的WTP影响着各地区乳制品行业的可持续性。此外，收入、认知度和信息意识也影响着消费者对有机、安全、健康和环保牛奶属性的WTP。本研究强调了不同地区消费者对乳制品和 PBMA 的 WTP 的复杂性和多样性。我们的研究结果强调，需要采用从牧场层面的乳品生产到加工和消费的多层次策略，以实现乳品在社会、经济和环境方面的可持续发展。未来的研究应关注消费者对PBMAs的WTP，并收集更多关于非洲和南美洲消费者如何重视可持续乳制品和PBMAs的证据。

{"title":"Consumers' willingness-to-pay for dairy and plant-based milk alternatives towards sustainable dairy: A scoping review","authors":"Pamela Madududu , Damien Jourdain , Duc Tran , Margo Degieter , Selma Karuaihe , Herbert Ntuli , Hans De Steur","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dairy sector is transforming following growing concerns over sustainability, propelling innovations such as plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs). Researchers have shown increasing interest in conducting studies on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for dairy and PBMAs. This scoping review expounds on consumers' WTP for dairy and PBMAs, focusing on attributes to understand the variation across regions, value elicitation methods, driving factors, and impact on sustainable dairy. Researchers searched the literature using Web of Science, Scopus, and AgEcon databases and used descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to synthesize the findings of a scoping review of 123 worldwide studies. The reviewed studies applied stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) methods, but SP methods were dominant, especially discrete choice experiments (DCEs) (42 %) and contingent valuation methods (CVM) (25 %). Consumers were willing to pay an average premium of 44 % for all attributes. Most studies were on cow milk (90 %), whereas very few investigated PBMAs and other milk types. The average WTP for the attribute categories were organic (55 %), animal welfare (53 %), origin (45 %), milk quality and safety (45 %), brand (40 %), environmental (34 %), health-related (25 %), and sensory attributes (22 %). Consumers' WTP for dairy and PBMAs attributes impact the sustainability of the dairy sector across regions. Moreover, income, awareness, and information consciousness influenced consumers' WTP for organic, safety, health, and environmental milk attributes. This study highlights the complexity and diversity of consumers' WTP for dairy and PBMAs across regions. Our findings emphasize the need to employ multilevel strategies ranging from farm-level dairy production to processing and consumption to achieve socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable dairy. Future research should focus on consumers' WTP for PBMAs and gather more evidence on how consumers in Africa and South America value sustainable dairy and PBMAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 261-277"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morals over money: The relationship between moral motivations and Consumers' food waste 道德重于金钱：道德动机与消费者浪费食物之间的关系

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.012

Daphne Ribbers , Erica van Herpen , Mario Pandelaere , Maggie Geuens

引用次数: 0

Implementing life cycle thinking and climate change indicators in small and medium size enterprises 在中小型企业中实施生命周期思维和气候变化指标

IF 10.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.014

Lars Gunnar Furelid Tellnes , Asbjørn Olav Pedersen , Ramón Pamies , Bjørn Gitle Hauge , Anna-Lena Kjøniksen

The policy for a low emission society requires that companies measure their impact from a life cycle perspective for both products and corporate reporting. This work presents new climate performance indicators to evaluate business models (BM) based on life cycle assessment (LCA) and benchmarked with statistics for Sustainable Development Goal indicator 9.4.1. The research was conducted by action case studies involving 20 small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) from various sectors. The SMEs did not have previous experience with LCA. Therefore, a work process called “LCA á la carte” was designed to gradually increase details and effort. The results of simplified indicators on the manufacturing SMEs showed that the direct emissions to value added are lower than industry average. However, when upstream emissions and value added were included, the emission intensities are about industry average. The full life cycle climate indicators are presented for a boat production company that experiment with new BMs. Use phase electrification was found to be the most effective measure (60 % lower emission intensity), while material recycling and boat rental each reduced the emission intensity with about 30 %. However, a combination of these new BMs gives best results and could be needed to reach future benchmarks. This study suggests LCA for BM as a combination of a work process, actors' perspectives, and performance indicators. The results highlight that the scope of activities included in the performance indicators is crucial. New reporting standards such as the European Sustainable Development Standard (ESRS) should review the emission intensity indicators to ensure consistency between the scopes of activities included.

低排放社会政策要求企业从产品和企业报告的生命周期角度衡量其影响。这项工作提出了新的气候绩效指标，用于评估基于生命周期评估（LCA）的商业模式（BM），并以可持续发展目标指标 9.4.1 的统计数据为基准。研究通过行动案例研究进行，涉及 20 家不同行业的中小型企业 (SME)。这些中小型企业以前并没有生命周期评估的经验。因此，设计了一个名为 "LCA á la carte "的工作流程，以逐步增加细节和工作量。制造业中小型企业的简化指标结果表明，直接排放量与增加值之比低于行业平均水平。然而，如果将上游排放和附加值计算在内，排放强度则与行业平均水平相当。对一家尝试使用新型生物量管理的船只生产公司，提出了全生命周期气候指标。使用阶段电气化被认为是最有效的措施（排放强度降低了 60%），而材料回收和船只租赁各降低了约 30% 的排放强度。然而，将这些新的基本措施结合在一起可获得最佳效果，并可达到未来的基准。本研究建议将工作流程、参与者的观点和绩效指标结合起来，对 BM 进行生命周期评估。研究结果突出表明，绩效指标所包含的活动范围至关重要。新的报告标准（如欧洲可持续发展标准 (ESRS)）应审查排放强度指标，以确保所含活动范围的一致性。

{"title":"Implementing life cycle thinking and climate change indicators in small and medium size enterprises","authors":"Lars Gunnar Furelid Tellnes , Asbjørn Olav Pedersen , Ramón Pamies , Bjørn Gitle Hauge , Anna-Lena Kjøniksen","doi":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spc.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The policy for a low emission society requires that companies measure their impact from a life cycle perspective for both products and corporate reporting. This work presents new climate performance indicators to evaluate business models (BM) based on life cycle assessment (LCA) and benchmarked with statistics for Sustainable Development Goal indicator 9.4.1. The research was conducted by action case studies involving 20 small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) from various sectors. The SMEs did not have previous experience with LCA. Therefore, a work process called “LCA <em>á la carte</em>” was designed to gradually increase details and effort. The results of simplified indicators on the manufacturing SMEs showed that the direct emissions to value added are lower than industry average. However, when upstream emissions and value added were included, the emission intensities are about industry average. The full life cycle climate indicators are presented for a boat production company that experiment with new BMs. Use phase electrification was found to be the most effective measure (60 % lower emission intensity), while material recycling and boat rental each reduced the emission intensity with about 30 %. However, a combination of these new BMs gives best results and could be needed to reach future benchmarks. This study suggests LCA for BM as a combination of a work process, actors' perspectives, and performance indicators. The results highlight that the scope of activities included in the performance indicators is crucial. New reporting standards such as the European Sustainable Development Standard (ESRS) should review the emission intensity indicators to ensure consistency between the scopes of activities included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48619,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 278-291"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0