Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies最新文献_第3页

Holocene warm-humidification trends recorded in lacustrine sediments in Arid Central Asia: Synthesis insights from climate reconstruction, carbonate carbon-oxygen isotopes and n-alkanes 中亚干旱区湖泊沉积物全新世暖湿化趋势记录：气候重建、碳酸盐碳氧同位素和正构烷烃的综合见解

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103206

Xiaojun Wang , Qianqian Yang , Hantao Ni , Chunxia Zhang

Study region

Arid Central Asia (ACA).

Study focus

The contradictory understanding of Holocene climate change trends in ACA remains unresolved. This study compiled Holocene temperature and moisture changes from 23 lacustrine sediment sites in the ACA region based on quantitative proxies (reconstructed temperature and precipitation), physico-chemical proxies (carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonates), and biological proxies (n-alkanes).

New hydrologic insights

Holocene climate patterns characterized by early Holocene cold-dry, mid-Holocene cool-humid, and late Holocene warm-humid conditions in the ACA region. Multiple tipping points have been identified by different proxies during 108 and 6.53 cal ka BP, indicating inconsistencies among compilations of different proxy records. The long-term fluctuating warm-wetting trend in ACA is generally consistent with records from the westerly region, where Holocene climate changes are complex, in contrast to the relatively synchronized patterns in monsoonal Asia. Phase shifts of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), driven by summer and winter insolation variations, caused latitudinal oscillations of westerly moisture transport. During mid-to-late Holocene, NAO negative phases shifted westerly moisture southward, dominating the warming-humidification trend in ACA region. However, the water resources in this region will exhibit complex spatiotemporal differentiation in the future, with wet regions becoming wetter and arid regions drier. This study demonstrates that multi-proxy compilation enhances understanding of regional climate change, but requires discerning environmental signals from different proxies.

研究区域：中亚干旱（ACA）。研究重点对全新世气候变化趋势的矛盾认识仍未得到解决。本文基于定量指标（重建温度和降水）、物理化学指标（碳酸盐碳氧同位素）和生物指标（正构烷烃），对ACA地区23个湖泊沉积物遗址的全新世温度和湿度变化进行了综合分析。以全新世早期冷干、全新世中期冷湿和全新世晚期暖湿为特征的全新世气候模式。不同的代理在108和6.53 cal ka BP期间确定了多个临界点，表明不同代理记录的编译不一致。与亚洲季风区相对同步的变化模式相反，东亚地区的长期波动暖湿趋势与全新世气候变化复杂的西风区记录基本一致。在夏季和冬季日照变化的驱动下，北大西洋涛动（NAO）的相移引起西风水汽输送的纬向振荡。全新世中晚期，NAO负相使西风水汽南移，主导了ACA地区暖湿化趋势。但未来该地区水资源将呈现出复杂的时空分异特征，即湿润区变湿润，干旱区变干旱。本研究表明，多代理数据的编制增强了对区域气候变化的认识，但需要从不同代理数据中识别环境信号。

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引用次数: 0

Isotopic characterization and recharge dynamics of Karst aquifers in a mediterranean basin 地中海盆地岩溶含水层同位素特征及补给动态

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103209

Sonia Valdivielso , Marta Turull , Sergio Carrero , Benjamín Crisóstomo , Deby Jurado , Joan Botey i Bassols , Enric Vázquez-Suñé , Sergi Díez

Study region

Headwater of the Llobregat River, Spain.

Study focus

This study advances the understanding of hydrological and hydrogeological processes in fractured and karstified carbonate massifs by characterizing the isotopic composition of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater. A total of 115 water samples collected between April 2024 and February 2025 were analysed to assess temporal and spatial isotopic variability, examine relationships between stable isotopes and meteorological variables, reconstruct backward trajectories of moisture sources, and delineate recharge zones.

New hydrological insight

(1) An isotopic gradient linked to moisture conditions was identified, indicating that thermodynamic processes and air-mass origin exert primary control on d-excess. (2) Moisture sources contributing to precipitation were identified as the Atlantic Ocean (44 %), the Mediterranean Sea (24 %), France (18 %), and the Cantabrian Sea (14 %). Backward trajectory analysis highlights the relationship between moisture provenance and isotopic signatures; however, accumulated precipitation samples represent integrated mixtures of multiple sources. (3) Groundwater and surface water isotopic signatures suggest dominant winter recharge occurring above 1800 m a.s.l., consistent with regional topography and the highly karstified structure of the Moixeró massif. Seasonal precipitation signals preserved in groundwater further suggest short residence times and rapid recharge responses. (4) These findings support improved water-resource management and highlight the sensitivity of alpine karst systems to climatic variability, underscoring the need for continued isotopic monitoring.

研究区域西班牙略布里加特河源头。本研究通过表征降水、地表水和地下水的同位素组成，促进了对断裂和岩溶盐岩块体水文和水文地质过程的理解。分析了2024年4月至2025年2月期间采集的115个水样，以评估时空同位素变异，检查稳定同位素与气象变量之间的关系，重建水分来源的反向轨迹，并划定补给区。发现了与湿度条件相关的同位素梯度，表明热力学过程和气团起源对d过量起主要控制作用。(2)对降水有贡献的水汽源分别为大西洋（44%）、地中海（24%）、法国（18%）和坎塔布连海（14%）。反轨迹分析强调了水汽物源与同位素特征之间的关系；然而，累积的降水样品代表了多个来源的综合混合物。(3)地下水和地表水同位素特征表明冬季补给主要发生在1800m a.s.l以上，与区域地形和Moixeró地块高度岩溶化结构一致。保存在地下水中的季节性降水信号进一步表明停留时间短，补给响应快。(4)这些发现支持改进水资源管理，并突出了高寒喀斯特系统对气候变率的敏感性，强调了继续进行同位素监测的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

The increasing flashiness in the Czech Republic: Natural variability or recent climate change? 捷克共和国日益耀眼的光芒：自然变异还是最近的气候变化？

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103159

Dominika Honzíčková , Monika Šulc Michalková , Marco Borga , Rudolf Brázdil , Petr Štěpánek , Pavel Zahradníček , Pavel Coufal , Zdeňka Geršlová , Martin Caletka

Study region

This study examines catchments in the Czech Republic that have generated flash floods in the past, with a focus on hydrological response and physiographic parameters.

Study focus

The hydrological response of events with peak discharges exceeding the one-year return period during the summer half-year was evaluated using the flashiness index. Catchments were categorized into clusters I–III based on physiographic parameters, employing principal component analysis and k-medoids clustering. To evaluate Czech flash floods, a descriptive flashiness metric was computed for both the Czech and European flash-flood datasets, enabling cross-regional comparison.

New hydrological insights for the region

The results revealed an increase in 1-h flashiness during the recent period from 2018 to 2023 compared to 2005–2010, observed across all three clusters. The highest flashiness values were recorded in a group of small, steep catchments characterized by high terrain roughness, maximum elevations, a dense river network, and compact shape. A comparison of flash floods in the Czech Republic with those in Europe and the Mediterranean indicated that Czech flash floods generally exhibit lower unit peak discharge and 1-h flashiness values, although they can occasionally reach extreme intensities significant within the European and Mediterranean contexts.

研究区域本研究考察了捷克共和国过去发生过山洪暴发的集水区，重点关注水文响应和地理参数。研究重点利用闪度指数评价夏半年洪峰流量超过一年回归期事件的水文响应。基于地理参数，采用主成分分析和k-介质聚类方法将流域划分为I-III类。为了评估捷克的山洪暴发，对捷克和欧洲的山洪暴发数据集计算了一个描述性的山洪暴发度量，从而实现了跨区域的比较。结果显示，与2005-2010年相比，2018年至2023年这段时间内，所有三个集群的1小时闪光都有所增加。闪光值最高的是一组小而陡峭的集水区，其特征是地形粗糙度高，海拔最高，河流网络密集，形状紧凑。捷克共和国的山洪与欧洲和地中海地区的山洪的比较表明，捷克的山洪通常表现出较低的单位峰值流量和1小时闪光值，尽管它们偶尔会达到在欧洲和地中海地区显著的极端强度。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing coastal groundwater flooding due to groundwater emergence caused by Sea Level Rise in Cork City, Ireland 评估爱尔兰科克市海平面上升引起的地下水出现导致的沿海地下水洪水

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103205

Mohamad Soboh , Anthony Beese , Michael O’Shea

Study region

Cork City, Ireland, a tidally influenced urban environment at the head of Cork Harbour.

Study focus

Groundwater flooding risk in coastal cities is projected to intensify under sea-level rise (SLR). This study quantifies current and future groundwater flooding hazards in Cork City by analysing continuous water level data from three river gauges and six groundwater wells using Fast Fourier Transform to characterise tidal signal propagation. A groundwater model (FEFLOW) was developed, calibrated, and validated to simulate groundwater responses to tidal forcing and SLR scenarios. Model outputs were integrated into a geospatial framework to map maximum hydraulic heads and identify spatial vulnerability zones by comparing simulated heads with ground elevations.

New Hydrological Insights for the Region

Tidal fluctuations have a significant impact on groundwater levels near the river, with their amplitude diminishing and reducing with increasing distance inland. Groundwater retains 70–100 % of the river level fluctuations. Under current conditions, ∼10 % of the city experiences groundwater levels above ground, rising to ∼25 % during extreme river events. SLR projections show strong non-linear vulnerability growth: + 0.5 m SLR affects ∼65 % of the city; + 1.0 m SLR affects ∼90 %. Aquitard discontinuities, shallow water tables, buried channels, and leakage from ageing water mains amplify risk. Historical SLR rates in Cork Harbour (2.2 mm/year) exceed assumed values, suggesting critical thresholds may occur sooner. These findings may help decision–makers to develop sustainable groundwater management strategies in the area.

研究区域科克市，爱尔兰，潮汐影响的城市环境在科克港的头部。研究重点海平面上升将加剧沿海城市地下水洪涝风险。本研究通过使用快速傅立叶变换来表征潮汐信号的传播，通过分析来自三个河流测量仪和六个地下水井的连续水位数据，量化了科克市当前和未来的地下水洪水危害。开发、校准和验证了地下水模型（FEFLOW），以模拟地下水对潮汐强迫和SLR情景的响应。将模型输出整合到地理空间框架中，通过比较模拟水头与地面高程来绘制最大水头图，并识别空间脆弱性区。潮汐波动对河流附近的地下水水位有显著影响，其幅度随着内陆距离的增加而减小。地下水保留了70-100 %的河流水位波动。在目前的条件下，城市地表以上的地下水位为~ 10 %，在极端河流事件期间上升到~ 25 %。单反风险预测显示出强烈的非线性脆弱性增长：+ 0.5 m单反风险影响城市的~ 65 %；+ 1.0 m单反影响~ 90 %。含水层不连续、浅地下水位、埋在地下的水道和老化水管的渗漏都增加了风险。科克港的历史单反率（2.2 毫米/年）超过了假设值，表明临界阈值可能很快就会出现。这些发现可能有助于决策者在该地区制定可持续的地下水管理战略。

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引用次数: 0

Tracing nitrate fate in Malta’s hydrogeological system using an intensive vadose-groundwater monitoring network 利用密集的水汽-地下水监测网络追踪硝酸盐在马耳他水文地质系统中的去向

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103162

Luca Laudi , Ofer Dahan , Manuel Sapiano , Michael Schembri , Luke Galea , Ella Busuttil , John Mangion , Tuvia Turkeltaub

Study region:

Maltese Islands

Study focus:

This study integrates five years of vadose zone (VZ) and groundwater monitoring to identify the dominant non-point sources of nitrate pollution across various agricultural systems. A network of 16 VZ monitoring stations was installed beneath six representative crops (potatoes, fodder, vegetables, vineyards, greenhouses, and orchards) to quantify nitrate buildup and storage. Groundwater samples were collected from the three major aquifer systems of Malta. The analysis couples chemical monitoring with Modified DRASTIC vulnerability modelling to determine how VZ properties, land use, and geological structure influence nitrate delivery to groundwater.

New hydrological insights for the region:

The results show that nitrate accumulation in the VZ varies strongly with crop type and geology. Potato cultivation produces the highest VZ nitrate storage and is the dominant source of nitrate loading to the MSLA, while intensive vegetable and greenhouse farming create local contamination hotspots above the Blue Clay and Coastal aquifers. Orchards and vineyards exhibit substantially lower nitrate buildup. Modified DRASTIC modelling highlights VZ thickness and nitrate storage as key controls on aquifer vulnerability. These findings clarify the coupled role of land use and subsurface structure in governing nitrate transport, providing a practical framework for identifying non-point nitrate pollution sources and enhancing groundwater management.

研究重点：本研究整合了5年的渗透带（VZ）和地下水监测，以确定各种农业系统中硝酸盐污染的主要非点源。在6种有代表性的作物（土豆、饲料、蔬菜、葡萄园、温室和果园）下安装了16个VZ监测站网络，以量化硝酸盐的积累和储存。从马耳他的三个主要含水层系统收集了地下水样本。该分析将化学监测与改进的DRASTIC脆弱性模型相结合，以确定VZ属性、土地利用和地质结构如何影响硝酸盐向地下水的输送。对该地区水文的新认识：结果表明，VZ的硝酸盐积累随作物类型和地质变化很大。马铃薯种植产生最高的VZ硝酸盐储存量，是MSLA硝酸盐负荷的主要来源，而集约化蔬菜和温室种植在蓝粘土和沿海含水层上方形成了局部污染热点。果园和葡萄园的硝酸盐含量明显较低。改进的DRASTIC模型强调了VZ厚度和硝酸盐储存是含水层脆弱性的关键控制因素。这些发现阐明了土地利用和地下结构在控制硝酸盐迁移中的耦合作用，为识别非点源硝酸盐污染源和加强地下水管理提供了实用框架。

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引用次数: 0

Geological knowledge and land use: Key drivers in determining natural background levels of groundwater contaminants arsenic, radon, and fluoride in the volcanic area of Viterbo (Central Italy) 地质知识和土地利用：确定维特博（意大利中部）火山地区地下水污染物砷、氡和氟化物自然背景水平的主要驱动因素

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103194

Giulia Felli , Paolo Ciampi , Leonardo Maria Giannini , Ebrahim Ghaderpour , Carlo Esposito , Marco Petrangeli Papini

Study region

The volcanic–sedimentary domain of Viterbo (Central Italy), a region characterized by complex hydrogeology, naturally elevated arsenic, fluoride, and radon concentrations, and intense industrial land-use pressures.

Study focus

Understanding the combined influence of geological and anthropogenic factors on groundwater quality is essential for sustainable water resource management. This study develops an integrated regional screening framework to distinguish geogenic from anthropogenic contributions to groundwater contamination in complex hydrogeological settings, even when data availability is limited. A dataset of 659 groundwater samples was integrated with geological, structural, and land-use information within a geographic information system. Multivariate statistical analysis based on principal component analysis was combined with spatial analysis to identify dominant environmental controls and screen samples potentially influenced by human activities prior to natural background level estimation.

New hydrological insights for the region

Radon concentrations are predominantly controlled by geological factors, particularly ignimbrite formations and fault systems, confirming a geogenic origin. In contrast, arsenic and fluoride exhibit mixed controls, reflecting natural background conditions locally amplified by industrial and agricultural land use. The screening framework enabled the identification and exclusion of anthropogenically influenced samples, as well as the estimation of representative regional natural background levels: 57 µg/L for arsenic, 2.80 mg/L for fluoride, and 187 Bq/L for radon. The proposed workflow provides a robust and reproducible tool for groundwater quality screening and supports informed assessment of natural background levels in hydrogeologically complex and anthropized regions.

研究区域维泰博（意大利中部）的火山-沉积区，该地区水文地质复杂，砷、氟化物和氡浓度自然升高，工业用地压力大。研究重点了解地质和人为因素对地下水水质的综合影响是水资源可持续管理的基础。本研究开发了一个综合的区域筛选框架，以便在复杂的水文地质环境中区分地质和人为对地下水污染的贡献，即使在数据可用性有限的情况下。利用地理信息系统将659个地下水样本数据集与地质、构造和土地利用信息相结合。基于主成分分析的多元统计分析与空间分析相结合，确定了主要的环境控制因素，并在自然背景水平估计之前筛选了可能受人类活动影响的样本。氡浓度主要受地质因素控制，特别是烟灰岩地层和断层系统，这证实了其地质成因。相比之下，砷和氟化物表现出混合控制，反映了当地因工农业土地使用而放大的自然背景条件。筛选框架能够识别和排除受人为影响的样品，并估计具有代表性的区域自然本底水平：砷57 微克/升，氟化物2.80 毫克/升，氡187 Bq/升。所提出的工作流程为地下水质量筛选提供了一个强大且可重复的工具，并支持对水文地质复杂地区和人类活动地区的自然背景水平进行知情评估。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying the varying contributions of climate change, LUCC, and cascade reservoirs to hydrological regime alterations in a highly regulated basin 量化气候变化、土地利用/土地覆盖变化和梯级水库对高度调节流域水文状态变化的不同贡献

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103207

Yilun Li , Xiang Zhang , Zhen Zhang , Chaowang Zou , Bojuan Liu

Study region

The middle and lower Hanjiang River (MLHR) basin, central China.

Study focus

Climate change and human activities, especially cascade reservoirs (CRs) construction and LUCC, have significantly disrupted natural hydrological regimes, leading to riverine ecosystem degradation in the study region. To precisely understand the hydrological impacts of these factors, this study provides a hydrological analysis framework that integrates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration–Range of Variability Approach (IHA-RVA). This framework is applied to quantitatively analyze their respective contributions, using 1961–1967 as the natural baseline for simulation and comparison.

New Hydrological Insights for the Region

Results indicate a fundamental regime shift from natural seasonality to a static, reservoir-controlled state. CRs dominate regional hydrological alterations, contributing 60.88 % (1990–1999) and rising to 76.12 % (2000–2019). The seasonal flow regime was flattened by increasing winter–spring flows and extreme minimum flows, while reducing summer–fall flows and diminishing essential flood pulses. Climate change ranks second with contributions of 38.35 % and 22.60 %, slightly increasing winter and summer flows, while LUCC has minimal impact (<1.3 %). These alterations directly exacerbate regional ecological risks, notably the disruption of fish spawning due to pulse reduction and increased algal bloom potential. Consequently, the study identifies that adaptive joint regulation of CRs targeting critical flow pulses restoration is the highest priority for reconciling regional water resource management with aquatic habitat protection.

研究区域：中国中部汉江中下游流域。气候变化和人类活动，特别是梯级水库建设和土地利用/土地覆盖变化，严重破坏了研究区自然水文状态，导致河流生态系统退化。为了准确理解这些因素的水文影响，本研究提供了一个整合水土评价工具（SWAT）和水文变化幅度指标方法（IHA-RVA）的水文分析框架。这一框架应用于定量分析它们各自的贡献，使用1961-1967年作为模拟和比较的自然基线。结果表明，从自然季节性到静态、水库控制状态的基本制度转变。cr主导区域水文变化，1990-1999年贡献60.88 %，2000-2019年贡献76.12 %。冬季-春季流量和极端最小流量增加，夏季-秋季流量减少，基本洪水脉冲减少，使季节流态趋于平缓。气候变化对冬季和夏季流量的贡献分别为38.35 %和22.60 %，气候变化对冬季和夏季流量的影响较小（<1.3 %）。这些变化直接加剧了区域生态风险，特别是由于脉冲减少和藻华潜力增加而对鱼类产卵的破坏。因此，研究表明，针对临界流量脉冲恢复的适应性联合调控是协调区域水资源管理与水生栖息地保护的重中之重。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of root mass density and vegetation discontinuity effects on riverbank erosion 根系质量密度和植被不连续对河岸侵蚀影响的实验研究

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103202

Jin-Fu Li , Yen-Ching Chiang , Su-Chin Chen

Study area

Steep mountainous rivers in subtropical Taiwan

Study focus

Riverbank erosion is a critical issue in Taiwan’s steep river systems, where intense rainfall, high sediment loads, and frequent channel disturbances promote rapid bank instability. This study examines how riparian vegetation presence and spatial discontinuity influence riverbank erosion processes through controlled flume experiments. Five riverbank configurations were tested, including a non-vegetated bank, a fully vegetated bank, and intermittently vegetated banks with bare gaps of 10, 20, and 30 cm. Bank erosion ratio, retreat length, bank slope variation, vortex length, and root mass density (RMD) were used to quantify morphological and hydraulic responses under identical flow conditions.

New Hydrological Insights for the Region

Fully vegetated riverbanks exhibited a mean erosion ratio 12.9 % lower than non-vegetated banks, indicating a clear stabilizing effect associated with root reinforcement. Across all vegetated configurations, bank erosion ratio decreased exponentially with increasing RMD (R² = 0.86), highlighting the importance of belowground biomass in resisting fluvial erosion. Vegetation discontinuity strongly altered near-bank flow structures: when bare gaps exceeded approximately one-third of the bank length, erosion ratios and vortex development approached those observed in non-vegetated banks. Narrow gaps promoted localized erosion through flow concentration, whereas wider gaps weakened root connectivity and reduced overall bank resistance. These results demonstrate that both vegetation presence and its spatial continuity play a key role in regulating bank erosion mechanisms in steep subtropical rivers.

研究区域台湾亚热带陡峭山地河流研究重点台湾陡峭河流系统的河岸侵蚀是一个关键问题，在那里，强降雨、高泥沙负荷和频繁的河道扰动促进了河岸的快速不稳定。本研究通过控制水槽实验探讨了河岸植被的存在和空间不连续对河岸侵蚀过程的影响。测试了五种河岸配置，包括无植被河岸、全植被河岸和间歇植被河岸，裸露的空隙为10、20和30 cm。利用河岸侵蚀比、退缩长度、岸坡变化、涡旋长度和根系质量密度（RMD）来量化相同水流条件下的形态和水力响应。植被覆盖河岸的平均侵蚀率比未植被河岸低12.9 %，表明根系加固具有明显的稳定作用。在所有植被构型中，河岸侵蚀率随RMD的增加呈指数下降（R²= 0.86），突出了地下生物量在抵抗河流侵蚀中的重要性。植被不连续强烈地改变了河岸附近的水流结构：当裸露的间隙超过大约三分之一的河岸长度时，侵蚀比率和旋涡发展接近于在无植被的河岸上观察到的情况。狭窄的间隙通过水流集中促进局部侵蚀，而较宽的间隙削弱了根系连通性，降低了整体河岸阻力。这些结果表明，植被存在及其空间连续性对亚热带陡峭河流的河岸侵蚀机制起着关键的调节作用。

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引用次数: 0

Introducing the STOP-SaltWind framework enhanced by deep neural networks to investigate aerosol dispersion in Lake Urmia Basin 引入深度神经网络增强的stop - salwind框架，研究乌尔米亚湖流域的气溶胶扩散

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103127

Aylar Azizi , Amir Asadi Vaighan , Sina Sadeghfam , Rahman Khatibi

Study region

Aerosol dispersion is investigated in this study at the basin of Lake Urmia in Iran following its disappearance in 2023, a disaster triggered by mismanagement and the absence of effective planning.

Study focus

The study introduces the STOP-SaltWind framework composed of six consensually-selected data layers processed by a scoring system of rates and weights, including: Temperature, Precipitation, Salt (Normalised Difference Salinity Index) and Wind speed. Their information content is assessed through correlations; although the scores are subjective, their quality can be enhanced by methods similar to deep neural networks (DNN) using aerosol absorption index as a label dataset.

New hydrological insights

Basic framework results show that correlation in the data layers are non-random signal, achieving 41–60 % ‘overall accuracy’ in confusion matrix across three major salt-wind events (2021/2022/2023), and hence proof-of-concept for STOP-SaltWind. A supervised clustering DNN further enhanced overall accuracy to 80 % with consistently high Area Under Curve (AUC) values exceeding 0.9. These findings confirm that the information content of the framework is significant and inherent subjectivity reducible by advanced techniques, making it applicable to similar study areas. The desiccated lakebed exposes the basin to chronic aerosol dispersion risks, particularly at five hotspots, impacting health, the environment, agriculture, flora and fauna. Basin-wide risk exposures can be reduced by effective planning and governance, including measures to restore inflows and cover the exposed saltpan.

研究区域本研究在伊朗乌尔米亚湖盆地进行了气溶胶扩散研究，该盆地于2023年消失，这是由于管理不善和缺乏有效规划而引发的灾难。研究重点该研究介绍了由六个共识选择的数据层组成的stop - salwind框架，这些数据层由一个比率和权重评分系统处理，包括：温度、降水、盐（标准化盐度指数）和风速。它们的信息内容通过相关性来评估；虽然分数是主观的，但它们的质量可以通过类似于使用气溶胶吸收指数作为标签数据集的深度神经网络（DNN）的方法来提高。新的水文见解基本框架结果表明，数据层中的相关性是非随机信号，在三个主要盐风事件（2021/2022/2023）的混淆矩阵中实现41-60 %的“总体精度”，因此证明了stop盐风的概念。监督聚类深度神经网络进一步提高了整体准确率至80 %，曲线下面积（AUC）值持续高，超过0.9。这些发现证实了该框架的信息内容是重要的，并且通过先进的技术可以减少固有的主观性，使其适用于类似的研究领域。干燥的湖床使盆地面临长期气溶胶扩散风险，特别是在五个热点地区，影响健康、环境、农业、动植物。通过有效的规划和治理，包括恢复流入和覆盖暴露盐田的措施，可以减少全流域的风险敞口。

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引用次数: 0

Thresholds of bank collapse in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River: A framework for early bank collapse warning using multi-source remote sensing 长江中下游岸塌阈值：多源遥感岸塌预警框架

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103189

Jing Deng , Kebing Chen , Zhiwei Li , Jing Yuan , Lingling Zhu

Study region

The Middle and Lower Yangtze River, China.

Study focus

This study integrates multi-source remote sensing data (Landsat and Google Earth) and field-measured topographic data to establish a quantitative framework for identifying bank collapse, which progresses from large-scale screening to localized analysis. Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), we automated the extraction of banklines from 2004 to 2024 and employed the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) to quantify the erosion rate. After an initial large-scale screening, six high-risk river segments (e.g., Xiangjiazhou, Qigongling) were selected for detailed analysis, where five key bank collapse indicators were quantified: bank slope, toe erosion slope, Bank-Groove Elevation Difference, Main Stream Proximity Distance, and bankline change rate.

New hydrological insights for the region

Spatially varying thresholds were identified: bank slope (0.1–0.5), toe erosion slope (0.1–0.25), Bank-Groove Elevation Difference (>15 m), and Main Stream Proximity Distance (0.3–0.5 times the channel width). Following the implementation of systematic bank protection after 2015, erosion rates were reduced by 20–30 %. Unprotected banks, however, saw an acceleration in collapse rates. The channel incision induced by the Three Gorges Dam increased instability in unprotected areas, while protected segments showed stable morphodynamics. This study provides a quantitative analysis of bank collapse risk indicators for the Middle and Lower Yangtze River, offering scientific methods and evidence for intelligent bank collapse screening.

研究区域：长江中下游地区。本研究将多源遥感数据（Landsat和谷歌Earth）与实测地形数据相结合，建立岸塌定量识别框架，从大规模筛选到局部分析。利用谷歌Earth Engine （GEE）对2004 - 2024年的岸线进行了自动提取，并利用数字海岸线分析系统（DSAS）对侵蚀速率进行了量化。经过初步的大规模筛选，选取了6个高风险河段（如相家洲、气公岭）进行详细分析，量化了河岸坡度、坡脚侵蚀坡度、岸沟高差、干流接近距离、岸线变化率等5个关键塌岸指标。确定了区域空间变化阈值：岸坡（0.1-0.5）、坡脚侵蚀坡（0.1-0.25）、岸沟高差（>15 m）和主流接近距离（0.3-0.5倍河道宽度）。2015年后实施系统的护岸措施后，侵蚀率降低了20 - 30% %。然而，不受保护的银行的倒闭率却在加速上升。三峡大坝造成的河道切割增加了未受保护区域的不稳定性，而受保护区域则表现出稳定的形态动力学特征。本研究为长江中下游地区塌岸风险指标的定量分析提供了依据，为塌岸智能筛选提供了科学的方法和依据。

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引用次数: 0