Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies最新文献

{"title":"A framework to nowcast soil moisture with NASA SMAP level 4 data using in-situ measurements and deep learning","authors":"Hassan Dashtian ,&nbsp;Michael H. Young ,&nbsp;Bissett E. Young ,&nbsp;Tyson McKinney ,&nbsp;Ashraf M. Rateb ,&nbsp;Dev Niyogi ,&nbsp;Sujay V. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study Region</h3><div>Southeast Texas, USA.</div></div><div><h3>Study Focus</h3><div>NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) product, particularly the Level 4 (SMAPL4) data, provides high-resolution and extensive coverage of surface and root zone soil moisture (SM), essential for weather and climate research. However, a latency of 2.5–4.0 days in SMAPL4 data limits its real-time hydrologic and weather prediction applications. To address this, we developed a model integrating deep learning (DL) techniques (Long Short-Term Memory, Fully Connected Neural Network) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to nowcast SM data in real-time. The model is trained on multi-source SM observations, including near real-time in-situ and satellite data, and deployed over a 56,000+ km² area in southeast Texas.</div></div><div><h3>New Hydrological Insights for the Region</h3><div>Our DL methodology nowcasts SM accurately in both time and space through real-time assimilation of multi-source data, mitigating SMAP's latency and offering near real-time soil moisture estimates. The nowcasted SM aligns closely with actual SMAPL4 data, capturing spatial and temporal variations. SMAP underestimates the spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture compared to in-situ data, highlighting the necessity for diverse data integration. The proposed framework can improve the real-time flood and drought monitoring and offers insights for various hydrological applications. Nowcasting error mapping identifies regions with higher uncertainties, guiding future model improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling hydrodynamic drivers of the Southern Venice (Italy) coastal aquifer via frequency decomposition analysis: Insights, challenges, and limitations","authors":"Mattia Gaiolini ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Rama ,&nbsp;Micòl Mastrocicco ,&nbsp;Marta Cosma ,&nbsp;Sandra Donnici ,&nbsp;Luigi Tosi ,&nbsp;Nicolò Colombani","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Shallow coastal aquifer located in the southern part of the Venice lagoon (Italy).</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This study aims to improve the understanding of coastal aquifers’ hydrodynamics by implementing systematic time-series analyses of data. A collection of non-intrinsically consistent time series from hydrological (surface water and groundwater) and meteo-mareographic monitoring networks was obtained from different institutions. Each signal was broken down through a frequency decomposition analysis, isolating the main driving forces to focus on phenomena that occur at different time and spatial scales.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Results highlighted that the aquifer is highly connected with the Venice lagoon, with a clear fluctuation of piezometric heads induced by tidal major constituents, decreasing landward. Besides, the effects exerted by reclamation canals and pumping stations were also determined and found to increase landward. Despite the relatively simple behaviour of piezometric heads, the groundwater salinity is influenced by additional local factors, like probe depth, wells’ screen length, and vertical salinity distribution along the aquifer. These findings suggested how to make use of limited and sparse data to enhance the conceptual model of coastal aquifer hydrodynamics, while highlighting the limitations of existing monitoring networks. This outcome justified the need for an intrinsically-consistent network of dedicated multi-level samplers to avoid intra-borehole mixing and reliably characterize the groundwater salinity distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced long-term actual evapotranspiration estimation in humid climates for 1958–2021 based on machine learning models enhanced by the RReliefF algorithm","authors":"Ahmed Elbeltagi ,&nbsp;Salim Heddam ,&nbsp;Okan Mert Katipoğlu ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Alsumaiei ,&nbsp;Mustafa Al-Mukhtar","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Chengdu, Wuhan, Chongqing, and Kunming regions in China.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Accurate estimation of crop water use or actual evapotranspiration (AET) remains a key obstacle in the effective design of irrigation schedules, plans, and design. This is due to the non-linear nature of this phenomenon. To address this issue and guarantee more accurate ET predictions, this study attempts the following: i) to assess the performance of five machine learning (ML) models optimized by the RReliefF algorithm in estimating actual ET values for each month in four Chinese provinces under various agroclimatic conditions; and ii) to select the optimal model based on statistical metrics while minimizing discrepancies between the estimated and actual ET values. AET was estimated using support vector machine (SVM), ensemble bagged and boosted trees, robust linear regression (RLR), and Matern 5/2 Gaussian process regression (M-GPR) models.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The M-GPR model outperformed the other models and generated the best values for all statistical measures for training and testing stages: <em>R</em>² (0.979, 0.982), RMSE (5.56, 5.09), MAE (3.29,3.16). In comparison, the RLR model exhibited the lowest training and testing performances metrics. The results of this study demonstrate the capacity of the M-GPR model to accurately predict long-term AET values. This model is best suited for further research on AET prediction at the stations under investigation, which could improve irrigation and boost agricultural productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102043"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A diagnostic framework to reveal future clean water scarcity in a changing climate","authors":"Shanlin Tong ,&nbsp;Rui Xia ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Wenpan Li ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Chong-Yu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>The Yangtze River basin.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Clean water scarcity is one of the major constraints for human sustainable development. Previous diagnosis of water scarcity has focus on fluctuations in the amount of water needed by humans, while ignoring the imbalance between water supply and demand that is exacerbated by changes in water quality under the context of climate change. This study proposes a diagnosis framework for clean water scarcity analysis under future climate projections by combining climate and socioeconomic projections, hydrological system, environmental requirement and human water withdrawal simulations, and water quality projections. This framework is demonstrated in analyzing the clean water scarcity for near (2031–2060) and far (2070–2099) futures.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The results show that by the end of this century, the clean water stress index will decrease substantially, and the number of people potentially threatened by clean water scarcity is expected to decrease from 294.8 million to 159.1 million. Clean water scarcity is expected to ease as freshwater resources increase in the future. Based on scenario simulations, the results further reveal that mitigation measures for clean water scarcity are mainly affected by natural factors in near and far futures. These findings support that the proposed framework can provide a new perspective for assessing and explaining the multifaceted influences of climate change on clean water scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective synergy and competition relationship of water and sediment regulation of the Heishanxia reservoir in upstream of the Yellow River Basin","authors":"Jieyu Li ,&nbsp;Hang Li ,&nbsp;Yuanjian Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Liu ,&nbsp;Fei Yang ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Donglin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Heishanxia Reservoir, upstream of the Yellow River Basin.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>The complicated management of the Yellow River Basin stems primarily from an uncoordinated relationship between water and sediment. The un-built Heishanxia Reservoir has been designated as one of seven pivotal projects, and its regulating effect remains to be thoroughly studied. First, nine typical inflow water and sediment scenarios were constructed based on probability inference. Then, a multi-objective water and sediment regulation model of Heishanxia Reservoir was established with the objectives of maximum erosion quantity (EQ) of the channel, maximum ecological satisfaction rate (ESR), and maximum power generation (PG). Finally, the multi-dimensional regulating effect was revealed, and the synergy-competition relationships among EQ, ESR and PG were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The operation of Heishanxia can increase the discharge during the flood season in the downstream Ning-Meng Channel, and the average annual EQ is 0.19×10⁸ t more than the current condition. Further, the ESR decreases slightly during the high-flow and normal-flow years and increases slightly during the low-flow years. The PG in the upper reaches of the Yellow River has increased by approximately 10 %. Among the three objectives, EQ and ESR, as well as EQ and PG, demonstrate a competitive relationship, whereas ESR and PG exhibit a synergistic relationship. Reservoir inflow plays a major role in the changes of synergy-competition relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-chemical tracers and hydro-chemical modeling assessing groundwater leakage for a karst aquifer in Yarkon-Taninim basin, Israel","authors":"Michael Zilberbrand ,&nbsp;Vladimir Mirlas ,&nbsp;Alexander Gimburg ,&nbsp;Yaakov Anker","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Yarkon-Taninim groundwater basin, Israel.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>A Paleocene-Eocene thermal episode caused an anomaly of barium and silica concentrations in the Eocene aquitard that were used as natural tracers for identifying and quantifying leakage into the Turonian – Upper Cenomanian aquifer through the Senonian-Paleocene (Mount-Scopus Group) strata. Increased concentrations of both Ba²⁺ and SiO₂ in Turonian – Upper Cenomanian aquifer groundwater were supposed to be a sign of downward leakage from the Eocene aquitard. Within the Menashe syncline where these tracers pointed to the leakage, it was estimated by the balance method. Using this estimate, the area-averaged hydraulic conductivity of the intermedium layer was assessed from the Darcy’s law by using this layer thickness and a hydraulic gradient between the Avdat-Group aquitard and the Turonian – Upper Cenomanian aquifer. The calculation and integration of its results over the balance area by a grid with 1×1 km² cells was performed by using the GIS-based ARGUS ONE software. Cl^- and SO₄^2- concentrations in the leakage have been estimated by using the mixing model considering the assessed leakage. PHREEQC software was used for solubility calculation of amorphous silica, quartz and barite at different temperatures, pH and salinities and for calculation of saturation indices of Ba-bearing minerals.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Previously the Senonian layers within synclines in the Yarkon-Taninim basin, which is the primary source of the groundwater supply in Israel, were supposed to be impermeable. This study has shown that the main leakage is concentrated in the Menashe syncline vicinity north of the Yarkon-Taninim basin. The two tracers first provided a possibility of the leakage assessment within the Menashe syncline: more than 2.3*10⁶ – 11.4*10⁶ m³ yr⁻¹ (leakage rate of 5.4*10⁻⁵ – 2.6*10⁻⁴ m day⁻¹ at the Eocene outcrops of the syncline). The average regional permeability of the Senonian aquiclude within the Menashe syncline was estimated in the range 7.7*10⁻⁵ – 3.8*10⁻⁴ m day⁻¹, essentially higher as compared to the values for the Bet-Govrin syncline. The salinity of the slow leakage was assessed to be low; therefore, it will not damage the high-quality groundwater in the Turonian – Upper Cenomanian aquifer that is exploited for the potable water supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning modeling reveals the spatial variations of lake water salinity on the endorheic Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Pengju Xu ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Lan Shi ,&nbsp;Chunqiao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>The endorheic Tibetan Plateau (TP).</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Water salinity is sensitive indicator for variations of lake hydrologic and physicochemical characteristics. Due to the heterogeneous influences from geographical and climatic factors, lake water salinity is highly sensitive to environmental diversity and changes. The TP hosts a wide distribution of lakes, the majority of which belong to endorheic drainage type and are saline or salty lakes. However, the harsh environment on the TP poses great challenges for the in<strong>–</strong>site measurements at large scales, impeding the comprehension of the pattern and variations of lake water salinity across the TP.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Benefiting extensive field surveys and a meta–analysis, this study establishes machine learning models based on measurements from 100 terminal lakes (&gt;1 km²) and related physical variables. The optimal model (R² = 0.90, MAE = 8.11 g/L, MAPE = 36.40 %, RMSE = 12.51 g/L, RRMSE = 36.96 g/L) is then applied to predict the water salinity of the other 214 unmeasured terminal lakes. The modeling results reveal a spatial variation pattern of increasing water salinity of these terminal lakes from south to north across the endorheic basins. Further classification of water salinity levels indicated that more than half (213) of the terminal lakes are in an oligosaline state. This study contributes to a spatially–explicit understanding of the distribution variations in water salinity of terminal TP lakes and provides a feasible approach for estimating water salinity of unmeasured lakes at large scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of automated surface water distribution systems in energy-saving agriculture: A case study from central Iran’s Arid Plateau","authors":"Dorsa Rahparast ,&nbsp;Seied Mehdy Hashemy Shahdany ,&nbsp;Ronny Berndtsson","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>The NekooAbad Irrigation District in central Iran faces challenges due to inefficient surface water distribution. 82 million m³ of groundwater is extracted annually from 15,000 tube-wells, leading to decreased groundwater levels and increased energy consumption of 234 million kWh per year.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This study explores implementing automation in surface water distribution to reduce groundwater extraction and conserve energy. A hydraulic simulation model and a centralized Model Predictive Control approach were used to analyze the existing system and propose a recovery plan. The potential impact of automated surface water distribution on reducing groundwater extraction and energy conservation was evaluated through spatial assessment in GIS.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The results demonstrate that the introduction of automation can significantly improve surface water distribution and, accordingly, groundwater overexploitation and, consequently, energy conservation, particularly during water scarcity. Energy conservation increased by 42.3 %, 54.8 %, 56.2 %, and 57.7 % under normal conditions, with water shortages of less than 10 %, 10–15 %, and 15–20 %, respectively. However, as the surface water shortages intensified, the energy conservation rates decreased to 57.7 %, 43.7 %, 25.4 %, and 18.9 % for normal conditions, water shortages of 15–20 %, 20–30 %, 30–40 %, and over 40 %, respectively. The automation introduction effectively provided reliable surface water resources, prompting farmers to shut down pumping stations or reduce working hours. Even in extreme scenarios, the project achieved up to 18.9 % energy savings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplified spatially distributed, coupled soil moisture–groundwater model, evaluated for Flanders (Belgium)","authors":"Sotirios Moustakas,&nbsp;Patrick Willems","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Flanders region of Belgium.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>In hydrological studies, there is a need for computationally fast, spatially distributed models involving the unsaturated zone soil moisture, groundwater and their interactions, while maintaining good accuracy. This study builds on an approach based on the AquaCrop model for the unsaturated zone and a 2D explicit groundwater flow model. The model’s speed stems from its simplicity, while AquaCrop’s wide use provides a basic database for parameterization.</div><div>Capillary rise, often not (explicitly) assessed in distributed models, is considered. For coupling the unsaturated and saturated zones better, the capillary rise algorithm by AquaCrop was modified. Groundwater flow to the rivers is represented combining Darcy’s law and the linear reservoir concept. Surface runoff modelling is modified to better incorporate the effects of urban environments. The model was parameterized using publicly available data (involving minimal calibration) and tested for Flanders.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Despite its simplicity, the model often performed acceptably. Its accuracy was generally higher for the degree of saturation in the upper 70 cm of the soil (R=0.90, RMSE=0.14) than the first 10 cm (R=0.68, RMSE=0.17). The groundwater levels for wells with observed depths less than 5 m were simulated better (R=0.82, RMSE=0.72 m) than the deeper ones (R=0.63, RMSE=4.59 m). Capillary rise was found to be a potentially substantial source of water to the crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compound effects of sea level and flow on river-induced flooding in coastal areas of southern Sweden","authors":"Fainaz Inamdeen,&nbsp;Magnus Larson","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Rönne River, Säve River, and Höje River, Sweden.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>River-induced flooding in coastal areas results from a multitude of drivers interacting in complex ways. The primary drivers are sea level (SL) and river flow (Q) that often exhibit coherent behavior to be considered in flood risk management. To describe and quantify the compound effects of SL and Q on flooding, a methodology was developed involving hydraulic simulations with long time series of data yielding statistical properties of output quantities such as river water level and flooded areas. Dominance analysis was conducted to quantify the relative influence of SL and Q on river water level along reaches. Also, simplified, empirically based equations were derived to predict the river water level at any location based on SL and Q<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>The long-term simulations revealed that the relative influence of SL and Q on the river water level changes significantly from the coast to upstream. For example, at the Rönne River, influence of SL decreases from 90 % to 20 % between 1 km and 11 km from the coast. Meanwhile, influence of Q increases from 10 % to 80 % over the same distance. The simplified equations derived to predict the water level can be used by stakeholders to forecast flood events or in risk assessment where many alternatives need to be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}