Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies最新文献_第5页

Water level predictive control in cascaded canals based on the variation pattern analysis of integrator-delay model parameters 基于积分-延迟模型参数变化规律分析的级联水渠水位预测控制

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103139

Pengyu Jin , Chao Wang , Hao Wang , Zhao Zhang , Minghan Yang , Xiaonan Chen , Zhongzheng He

Study region

The Beijing-Shijiazhuang section of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRP), China.

Study focus

The integrator-delay (ID) model exhibits time-varying parameters, whose relationships with system state variables remain unexplored. However, traditional prediction relies on fixed parameters, resulting in a model–plant mismatch that generates parameter uncertainties and the accumulation of prediction errors, which degrades the performance of real-time control of water levels. This study investigates the variation patterns of the parameters by identifying system state-related influencing factors and quantifying their individual functional relationships via polynomial regression and correlation analysis, guiding key factors screening. Although these single-factor analyses provide insights into individual relationships, multi-factor interactions can alter such relationships. Hence, a dynamic parameter identification method using feedforward neural networks is proposed to address this issue; based on this, an adaptive-parameter model predictive controller is further developed.

New hydrological insights

Evaluation on a simulation model of the MRP indicates that using FFNNs for dynamic parameter identification reduces accumulated prediction errors by 43.15 %, improving the predictive accuracy of ID. Compared with traditional fixed-parameter MPC, control actions are reduced by 19.49 % (0.2 % increase under Disturbance 2) and 29.69 % in magnitude and frequency on average, and water level control effect is not significantly improved (enhancement: 0.81 % on average; paired t-test, P > 0.05, 95 % CI [-2.90 %, 4.45 %]). The proposed method reduces scheduling pressures in canal pools.

研究区域：南水北调中线工程北京-石家庄段。研究重点：积分-延迟（ID）模型具有时变参数，其与系统状态变量的关系尚未研究。然而，传统的预测依赖于固定的参数，导致模型与电厂不匹配，产生参数的不确定性和预测误差的累积，降低了水位实时控制的性能。本研究通过识别系统状态相关影响因素，并通过多项式回归和相关分析量化其个体功能关系，研究参数的变化规律，指导关键因素筛选。虽然这些单因素分析提供了对个人关系的见解，但多因素的相互作用可以改变这种关系。为此，提出了一种基于前馈神经网络的动态参数辨识方法；在此基础上，进一步开发了自适应参数模型预测控制器。对MRP模拟模型的评估表明，使用ffnn进行动态参数识别可将累计预测误差降低43.15% %，提高了ID的预测精度。与传统的固定参数MPC相比,控制行为减少了19.49 %(0.2 %增加扰动下2)和29.69 %的平均大小和频率,和水位控制效果不显著提高(增强:0.81 %平均;配对t检验,P 祝辞 0.05,95 % CI[-2.90 %,4.45 %])。该方法降低了渠池调度压力。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating Fort Reno, Oklahoma, growing season temperature and precipitation maxima temporal variability and corresponding impacts to hydrological and agricultural observations 调查俄克拉何马州的Fort Reno，生长期温度和降水的最大时间变率及其对水文和农业观测的相应影响

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103177

Paul Xavier Flanagan

Study region

Central Oklahoma, USA

Study focus

Research shows that the timing of regional growing season maxima in daily temperature and precipitation is related to the sub-seasonal to seasonal variability of precipitation. However, it is uncertain if these results will translate to the local scale. The studies goal is to extend asynchronous difference index (ADI) research to the Fort Reno location within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Oklahoma and Central Plains Agricultural Research Center. Numerous datasets were combined to investigate ADI and its impacts on meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural facets of the environment. Analysis shows that ADI impacts the environment similarly to regional results, namely that April to June precipitation is enhanced (reduced) for positive (negative) ADI growing seasons and July to October precipitation is reduced (enhanced). These regimes of precipitation variability impacted local hydrology and agricultural yields. Overall, this study shows that the regional aspects of ADI translate to the local scale, and that the regimes of ADI relate to distinct hydrologic and agricultural outcomes.

New hydrological insights for the region

This research shows that ADI relates to not only meteorological features of the environment, but also to local hydrological and agricultural conditions. Knowledge of ADI can potentially be used to infer the impact of heavy precipitation events later in the year and water requirements for future growing seasons.

研究表明，日气温和降水的区域生长季最大值的时间与降水的亚季节到季节变化有关。然而，尚不确定这些结果是否适用于当地规模。该研究的目标是将异步差异指数（ADI）研究扩展到美国农业部(USDA)-农业研究服务（ARS）俄克拉何马州和中原农业研究中心的Fort Reno地点。许多数据集被结合起来调查ADI及其对气象、水文和农业环境方面的影响。分析表明，ADI对环境的影响与区域结果相似，即ADI正（负）生长期4 ~ 6月降水增加（减少），7 ~ 10月降水减少（增加）。这些降水变率制度影响了当地的水文和农业产量。总的来说，这项研究表明，区域方面的ADI转化为地方尺度，ADI的制度与不同的水文和农业成果有关。该研究表明，ADI不仅与环境的气象特征有关，而且与当地的水文和农业条件有关。ADI的知识可以潜在地用于推断今年晚些时候强降水事件的影响和未来生长季节的需水量。

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引用次数: 0

Decoupling evolution of water scarcity —— Based on improved water scarcity footprint considering quantity, quality and environmental flow requirement 水资源短缺的解耦演化——基于考虑数量、质量和环境流量需求的改进水资源短缺足迹

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103155

Zhiliang Xu , Changxin Xu , Li Yang , Xueli Chen , Malin Song

Study region

This study focuses on mainland China, covering 30 provinces.

Study focus

To explore the relationship between water scarcity induced by water use, rather than water use volume per se, and economic growth, this study establishes an improved integrated water scarcity footprint (

IWSF

) considering water quantity, quality and environmental flow requirements (

EFR

). Building on a comparison with the conventional water footprint (

WF

) at the sectoral level, the study examines the evolution of decoupling from economic growth, the underlying driving effects, and their heterogeneity across industries.

New hydrological insights for the region

The water footprint results show that, at both the regional and sectoral levels,

IWSF

is greater than

WF

in northern provinces, whereas the opposite pattern is observed in southern provinces. Decoupling results show that, 2007–2012,

IWSF

decoupling was weaker than

WF

, while the opposite occurred in 2012–2017; Water use intensity was the key determinant of

IWSF

decoupling patterns; The reduction in water use intensity driven by pollution control was key to achieving strong

IWSF

decoupling in 2012–2017, with the primary and secondary industries contributing the most. These results indicate that the newly developed

IWSF

successfully captures the contribution of water pollution to water scarcity and its decoupling, whereas

WF

, which considers only absolute water withdrawal, cannot. This study highlights the necessity of addressing water scarcity from the perspective of impact-oriented water use.

研究区域本研究以中国大陆30个省份为研究对象。为了探索水资源利用（而非用水量本身）与经济增长之间的关系，本研究考虑了水量、质量和环境流量要求（EFR），建立了改进的综合水资源稀缺足迹（IWSF）。在与行业层面的传统水足迹（WF）进行比较的基础上，本研究考察了与经济增长脱钩的演变、潜在的驱动效应以及它们在各行业之间的异质性。水足迹结果表明，在区域和部门层面上，北部省份的IWSF大于WF，而南部省份则相反。去耦结果表明，2007-2012年，IWSF去耦弱于WF， 2012-2017年反之；水资源利用强度是IWSF解耦模式的关键决定因素；2012-2017年，污染控制驱动的用水强度降低是实现IWSF强脱钩的关键，其中第一产业和第二产业贡献最大。这些结果表明，新开发的IWSF成功地捕获了水污染对水资源短缺的贡献及其解耦，而仅考虑绝对取水量的WF则不能。本研究强调了从影响导向的用水角度解决水资源短缺问题的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Soil erosion and nitrogen loss characteristics of gravel-containing sloping farmland in the three gorges reservoir area 三峡库区含砾坡耕地土壤侵蚀与氮素流失特征

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103165

Ruzhang Gao , Bingqin Zhao , Jiwei Wang , Xingfeng Zhang , Hai Xiao , Lun Zhang , Daxiang Liu , Dong Xia , Zhenyao Xia , Wennian Xu

Study region

Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area, China.

Study focus

Soil erosion and associated nitrogen loss from sloping farmland present a critical global environmental challenge. However, research on how hydrodynamic characteristics influence soil erosion and nitrogen loss in gravel-containing sloping farmland remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted simulated rainfall experiments on gravel-containing sloping farmlands to further clarify the regulatory roles and impact pathways of hydrodynamic parameters in processes.

New hydrological insights

Gravel content significantly reduced infiltration rate and increased runoff rate. Sediment yield peaked at 20 % gravel content. Nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^-) loss in runoff consistently exceeded ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺) loss. Gravel notably increased Stream power (ω), and the enhanced runoff further intensified the disparity between NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ loss in runoff. Model fitting showed that gravel amplified the effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on soil erosion and nitrogen loss. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) revealed that experimental variables influenced nitrogen loss both directly through hydrodynamic parameters (path coefficient = 0.346) and indirectly via erosion characteristics mediated by hydrodynamics (path coefficient = 0.389). These insights underscore that managing the hydrodynamic processes, for instance by increasing Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (f), is key to controlling soil erosion and nitrogen loss in gravel-containing sloping farmland.

研究区域：三峡库区。坡耕地的土壤侵蚀和氮素流失是全球面临的重大环境挑战。然而，水动力特性对含砾坡耕地土壤侵蚀和氮素流失的影响研究仍然有限。为了解决这一知识缺口，我们在含砾石坡耕地上进行了模拟降雨实验，以进一步阐明水动力参数在过程中的调节作用和影响途径。新的水文见解：砾石含量显著降低入渗速率，增加径流速率。产沙量在含砾量为20% %时达到峰值。径流中硝态氮（NO3-）的损失始终大于铵态氮（NH4+）的损失。碎石显著增加了径流功率（ω），径流的增加进一步加剧了径流中NO3-和NH4+损失的差异。模型拟合表明，砾石放大了降雨强度和坡度对土壤侵蚀和氮流失的影响。偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）表明，实验变量通过水动力参数（路径系数= 0.346）直接影响氮损失，通过水动力介导的侵蚀特性（路径系数= 0.389）间接影响氮损失。这些见解强调，管理水动力过程，例如通过增加达西-韦斯巴赫摩擦系数(f)，是控制含砾石坡耕地土壤侵蚀和氮流失的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic assessment of drought disaster risk based on maize growth stages in Northeast China 基于玉米生育期的东北干旱灾害风险动态评价

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103135

Zhang Jiani , Han Yang , Liu Zhuxin, Lu Ruohan, Huang Xinning

Study region

The maize-producing region of Changchun and Siping in Jilin Province, Northeast China.

Study focus

This study developed a dynamic, growth-stage-specific drought risk assessment framework for maize. We integrated multi-source remote sensing data to monitor drought via the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) during the 2018 extreme drought and constructed a comprehensive risk model incorporating hazard, vulnerability, exposure, and emergency response & recovery capability.

New hydrological insights for the region

The drought risk was driven more by socio-agricultural exposure factors (maize planting area, agricultural population) than by the immediate climatic hazard (TVDI), revealing the region's inherent vulnerability due to its intensive farming system. Spatially, risk peaked during the early growth stages and exhibited an east-west gradient. River network density emerged as the most critical factor enhancing emergency response capacity, underscoring the vital role of surface water availability and irrigation infrastructure in modulating drought impacts. This stage-specific, multi-dimensional assessment shifts the perspective from tracking drought events to diagnosing composite risk landscapes, providing a targeted scientific basis for precision drought mitigation and climate-resilient agricultural planning in this vital grain-producing region.

研究区域中国东北吉林省长春市和四平市玉米主产区。本研究建立了一个动态的、特定生长阶段的玉米干旱风险评估框架。结合多源遥感数据，利用温度植被干旱指数（TVDI）对2018年极端干旱地区进行干旱监测，并构建了包含危害、脆弱性、暴露和应急响应与恢复能力的综合风险模型。干旱风险更多地受到社会农业暴露因素（玉米种植面积、农业人口）的驱动，而不是直接气候灾害（TVDI），这揭示了该地区集约化农业系统所固有的脆弱性。在空间上，风险在生长早期达到峰值，呈现东西梯度。水网密度成为提高应急响应能力的最关键因素，强调了地表水供应和灌溉基础设施在调节干旱影响方面的重要作用。这种针对特定阶段的多维度评估将视角从跟踪干旱事件转变为诊断复合风险格局，为这一重要粮食产区的精准干旱缓解和气候适应型农业规划提供了有针对性的科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of asynchronous overtopping hazard patterns of glacial lakes in the Yarlung Tsangpo Basin 雅鲁藏布江盆地冰湖非同步漫溢灾害模式识别

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103131

Shengtian Yang , Yulian Wang , Hezhen Lou , Jiyi Gong , Tongliang Gong , Gaohu Sun , Wenlong Song , Baichi Zhou , Sailong Wu

Study Region

The Yarlung Tsangpo Basin, situated on the southern Tibetan Plateau of southwestern China, represents a transboundary basin within the Third Pole region.

Study Focus

Using multisource remote sensing, DEM, and meteorological data from 1990 to 2023, this study investigates the phased expansion processes of glacial lakes with areas ≥ 0.02 km². It identifies the asynchronous response patterns of glacial lakes across different elevation zones to climate change and quantifies the lag time (Δt) between climate change and the accelerated expansion of glacial lakes. An overtopping hazard assessment framework integrating topographic potential energy and climate response characteristics is developed to identify glacial lake overtopping hazards. By synthesizing key indicators including local relief, slope gradient, lake expansion rate, lake type, and Δt, this framework reveals significant spatial heterogeneity in overtopping hazard across the basin.

New hydrological insights for the region

a) Glacial lake expansion exhibits pronounced elevational asynchrony: low-elevation lakes respond rapidly to climatic warming, whereas mid- to high-elevation lakes lag by approximately 3–8 years, forming a sequential “low-to-high elevation release” pattern. b) Overtopping hazard is primarily governed by the combined effects of topographic potential energy and hydrological recharge type. Glacier-fed lakes situated in areas of high local relief and steep slopes are more likely to accumulate potential energy and enter unstable states, thus posing a higher overtopping hazard. c) A zoned response strategy for glacial lake hazard-informed management—comprising monitoring, prevention and control, and early warning—is proposed, offering a scientific basis for mitigating glacial lake disaster hazards on the Tibetan Plateau.

雅鲁藏布江盆地位于中国西南青藏高原南部，是第三极地区的跨界盆地。利用1990—2023年的多源遥感、DEM和气象资料，研究了面积≥ 0.02 km2的冰湖的阶段性扩展过程。确定了不同高程带冰湖对气候变化的非同步响应模式，量化了气候变化与冰湖加速扩张之间的滞后时间（Δt）。建立了结合地形势能和气候响应特征的冰湖漫顶灾害评价框架。通过综合局部地形起伏、坡度、湖泊扩张率、湖泊类型和Δt等关键指标，该框架揭示了流域漫溢灾害的空间异质性。冰湖扩张表现出明显的海拔不同步：低海拔湖泊对气候变暖反应迅速，而中海拔至高海拔湖泊滞后约3-8年，形成了一个顺序的“从低到高海拔释放”模式。b)过顶灾害主要受地形势能和水文补给类型的综合影响。位于局部起伏较大和坡度陡的地区的冰川湖泊更容易积聚势能并进入不稳定状态，因此具有更高的过顶危险。c)提出了监测、防治、预警的冰湖灾害预警分区响应策略，为青藏高原冰湖灾害减灾提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the crop coefficient of meadow ecosystems and its driving factors using machine learning on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau 青藏高原草甸生态系统作物系数及其驱动因子的机器学习估算

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103204

Zhiming Xia , Bin Wang , Liping Guo , Xiaowei Guo

Study region

Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), China

Study focus

This study aims to improve crop coefficient (Kc) estimation for alpine meadows on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, where data scarcity and complex climate conditions make evapotranspiration (ET) evaluation difficult. We integrated lysimeter observations (2017–2022), meteorological data, and remote sensing vegetation indices using machine learning (ML) and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to develop a reliable Kc estimation framework. The random forest (RF) model achieved the best performance (R² = 0.70, RMSE = 0.17).

New hydrological insights for the region

The key environmental drivers identified were photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), soil temperature, and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), each showing pronounced nonlinear and threshold-type responses. The PLS-SEM results revealed that these variables influenced Kc both directly and indirectly through interactions among radiation, temperature, and vegetation growth. This study provides the first machine learning–based Kc estimation model for the QTP, improving the understanding of evapotranspiration processes under climate warming. The model performed well at the Haibei station, but it still requires broader multi-site validation to fully assess its spatial generalizability. Overall, this framework offers a practical and scalable approach for advancing water balance and ecohydrological research in data-scarce, high-altitude regions.

研究重点：青藏高原高寒草甸作物系数（Kc）估算方法的改进。青藏高原高寒草甸的作物系数（Kc）估算由于数据稀缺和复杂的气候条件导致蒸散发（ET）估算困难。我们利用机器学习（ML）和偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM），综合了2017-2022年的蒸渗仪观测数据、气象数据和遥感植被指数，建立了一个可靠的Kc估算框架。随机森林（RF）模型表现最佳（R²= 0.70,RMSE = 0.17）。发现的主要环境驱动因素是光合有效辐射（PAR）、蒸汽压亏缺（VPD）、土壤温度和增强植被指数（EVI），它们都表现出明显的非线性和阈值型响应。PLS-SEM结果表明，这些变量通过辐射、温度和植被生长的相互作用直接或间接地影响Kc。本研究提供了第一个基于机器学习的QTP Kc估计模型，提高了对气候变暖条件下蒸散发过程的认识。该模型在海北站运行良好，但仍需要更广泛的多站点验证，以充分评估其空间泛化性。总体而言，该框架为推进数据稀缺的高海拔地区的水平衡和生态水文研究提供了一种实用且可扩展的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying the varying contributions of climate change, LUCC, and cascade reservoirs to hydrological regime alterations in a highly regulated basin 量化气候变化、土地利用/土地覆盖变化和梯级水库对高度调节流域水文状态变化的不同贡献

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103207

Yilun Li , Xiang Zhang , Zhen Zhang , Chaowang Zou , Bojuan Liu

Study region

The middle and lower Hanjiang River (MLHR) basin, central China.

Study focus

Climate change and human activities, especially cascade reservoirs (CRs) construction and LUCC, have significantly disrupted natural hydrological regimes, leading to riverine ecosystem degradation in the study region. To precisely understand the hydrological impacts of these factors, this study provides a hydrological analysis framework that integrates the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration–Range of Variability Approach (IHA-RVA). This framework is applied to quantitatively analyze their respective contributions, using 1961–1967 as the natural baseline for simulation and comparison.

New Hydrological Insights for the Region

Results indicate a fundamental regime shift from natural seasonality to a static, reservoir-controlled state. CRs dominate regional hydrological alterations, contributing 60.88 % (1990–1999) and rising to 76.12 % (2000–2019). The seasonal flow regime was flattened by increasing winter–spring flows and extreme minimum flows, while reducing summer–fall flows and diminishing essential flood pulses. Climate change ranks second with contributions of 38.35 % and 22.60 %, slightly increasing winter and summer flows, while LUCC has minimal impact (<1.3 %). These alterations directly exacerbate regional ecological risks, notably the disruption of fish spawning due to pulse reduction and increased algal bloom potential. Consequently, the study identifies that adaptive joint regulation of CRs targeting critical flow pulses restoration is the highest priority for reconciling regional water resource management with aquatic habitat protection.

研究区域：中国中部汉江中下游流域。气候变化和人类活动，特别是梯级水库建设和土地利用/土地覆盖变化，严重破坏了研究区自然水文状态，导致河流生态系统退化。为了准确理解这些因素的水文影响，本研究提供了一个整合水土评价工具（SWAT）和水文变化幅度指标方法（IHA-RVA）的水文分析框架。这一框架应用于定量分析它们各自的贡献，使用1961-1967年作为模拟和比较的自然基线。结果表明，从自然季节性到静态、水库控制状态的基本制度转变。cr主导区域水文变化，1990-1999年贡献60.88 %，2000-2019年贡献76.12 %。冬季-春季流量和极端最小流量增加，夏季-秋季流量减少，基本洪水脉冲减少，使季节流态趋于平缓。气候变化对冬季和夏季流量的贡献分别为38.35 %和22.60 %，气候变化对冬季和夏季流量的影响较小（<1.3 %）。这些变化直接加剧了区域生态风险，特别是由于脉冲减少和藻华潜力增加而对鱼类产卵的破坏。因此，研究表明，针对临界流量脉冲恢复的适应性联合调控是协调区域水资源管理与水生栖息地保护的重中之重。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of precipitation anomalies in basins of Iran based on transition phases and different intensities of ENSO 基于ENSO过渡阶段和不同强度的伊朗盆地降水异常分析

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103222

Jalil Helali , Mehdi Mohammadi Ghaleni , Ebrahim Asadi Oskouei , Mostafa Safarikomeil , Ali Afruzi , Mohammad Ahmadi , Alireza Karbalaee , Ali Akbar Sabziparvar

Study Region

This study examines Iran’s basins, whose hydrology is strongly shaped by precipitation variability. Understanding these fluctuations is crucial for accurate hydrological modeling and watershed management across the region.

Study Focus

We analyze annual precipitation changes in Iran from 1960 to 2019, emphasizing ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) phases and intensities. Results show that precipitation differences under varying ENSO intensities are more pronounced than those across ENSO phases. During El Niño events, positive precipitation anomalies prevail, increasing in magnitude and frequency across most sub-basins. In contrast, La Niña phases produce negative anomalies, with reductions in precipitation observed across varying intensities and the neutral phase.

New Hydrological Insights for the Region

Three-dimensional analyses reveal that El Niño-related precipitation follows a consistent positive pattern, while La Niña-related precipitation is irregular with substantial variability. Overall, El Niño has a more stable and pronounced impact on Iran’s annual precipitation than La Niña. ENSO transition phases show notable regional differences: the Persian Gulf–Oman Sea basin records the highest coefficient of variation (CV) at 74.1 % during the Neutral–La Niña transition, signaling substantial variability from climatic diversity. Conversely, the Qara Qum basin exhibits the lowest CV at 13.2 % during the La Niña–El Niño transition, reflecting greater climatic uniformity. The results emphasize that ENSO, significantly influences Iran’s hydrology, with implications for forecasting and water resources planning in the region.

研究区域本研究考察了伊朗的盆地，其水文受到降水变化的强烈影响。了解这些波动对于整个地区准确的水文建模和流域管理至关重要。研究重点分析了1960 - 2019年伊朗的年降水变化，重点分析了ENSO （El Niño-Southern涛动）的相位和强度。结果表明，不同ENSO强度下的降水差异比不同ENSO相间的降水差异更为明显。在El Niño事件期间，降水正异常占上风，在大多数子盆地中强度和频率增加。相反，La Niña相产生负异常，在不同强度和中性相中观测到降水减少。三维分析表明，El Niño-related降水遵循一致的正模式，而La Niña-related降水不规则，具有较大的变变性。总体而言，El Niño对伊朗年降水量的影响比La Niña更为稳定和显著。ENSO过渡阶段显示出显著的区域差异：波斯湾-阿曼海盆地在Neutral-La Niña过渡期间记录了最高的变异系数（CV），为74.1 %，表明气候多样性带来了实质性的变化。相反，卡拉库姆盆地在La Niña-El Niño过渡期间的CV最低，为13.2 %，反映了更大的气候均匀性。结果强调，ENSO显著影响伊朗的水文，对该地区的预报和水资源规划具有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating water quality indices and multivariate statistics for groundwater assessment in a Mediterranean coastal aquifer, Northeast Algeria 阿尔及利亚东北部地中海沿岸含水层地下水评价的综合水质指标和多元统计

IF 5 2区地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES

Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103200

Faouzi Zahi , Abdelmalek Drouiche , Fethi Medjani , Azzeddine Reghais , Mohamed A.E. Abdel Rahman , Ilyes Mecibah , Antonio Scopa , Shao Bing Fong , Ahmed Refaee

Study region

The Wadi Djendjen alluvial plain, located within a Mediterranean coastal aquifer in northeastern Algeria.

Study focus

In April 2021, thirty-one groundwater samples were collected to assess the hydrogeochemical characteristics and overall quality of the aquifer. An integrated methodological approach was employed, combining multivariate statistical analyses (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis), hydrochemical diagrams, and water quality indices. Electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 325 to 1896 µS/cm, while total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 208 to 1213 mg/L, indicating slightly to moderately mineralized water. Two dominant hydrochemical facies were identified: Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-Cl⁻ and Ca²⁺-HCO₃⁻ (84 % and 16 % of samples, respectively), reflecting the combined effects of freshwater recharge and seawater intrusion. Principal Component Analysis revealed that groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by geogenic processes (mineral dissolution, dedolomitization, and ion exchange) together with anthropogenic inputs from agricultural return flows and domestic effluents.

New hydrological insights

Drinking water quality assessment based on the water quality index (WQI) revealed pronounced spatial variability. Approximately 50 % of samples were classified as excellent to good quality (WQI ≤ 50), while the remaining samples ranged from poor to unsuitable for human consumption (50 < WQI < 100), with one sample (P8) deemed non-potable (WQI = 138). Similarly, the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) delineated three distinct irrigation suitability zones, including a high-restriction zone associated with industrial and port-related activities. These findings pinpoint critical zones of groundwater degradation and provide a robust scientific basis for targeted groundwater management strategies aimed at protecting public health and ensuring agricultural sustainability.

研究区域Wadi Djendjen冲积平原，位于阿尔及利亚东北部地中海沿岸含水层内。研究重点2021年4月，采集了31份地下水样本，评估了该含水层的水文地球化学特征和整体质量。采用多元统计分析（主成分分析和层次聚类分析）、水化学图和水质指标相结合的综合方法。电导率（EC）为325 ~ 1896µS/cm，总溶解固形物（TDS）为208 ~ 1213 mg/L，为轻度至中度矿化水。确定了两种主要的水化学相：Ca2 + -Mg2 + -Cl⁻和Ca2 + -HCO3⁻（分别占84 %和16 %），反映了淡水补给和海水入侵的联合作用。主成分分析表明，地下水化学主要受地质作用（矿物溶解、脱白云化和离子交换）以及农业回流和生活污水的人为输入控制。基于水质指数（WQI）的饮用水质量评价揭示了显著的空间变异性。大约50% %的样本被归类为优秀到良好的质量（WQI≤50），而剩余的样本范围从差到不适合人类消费（50% < WQI < 100），其中一个样本（P8）被认为不可饮用（WQI = 138）。同样，灌溉水质指数（IWQI）划定了三个不同的灌溉适宜区，包括一个与工业和港口相关活动相关的高限制区。这些发现指出了地下水退化的关键区域，并为旨在保护公众健康和确保农业可持续性的有针对性的地下水管理战略提供了强有力的科学基础。

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引用次数: 0