Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.009
Chong Yu , Yongan Ma , Haibo Li , Changjian Wang , Haibin Wang , Linghao Meng
Excessive blasting-induced vibration during drilling-and-blasting excavation of deep tunnels can trigger geological hazards and compromise the stability of both the rock mass and support structures. This study focused on the deep double-line Sejila Mountain tunnel to systematically analyze the spatial response of blasting-induced vibration and to develop a prediction model through field tests and numerical simulations. The results revealed that the presence of a cross passage significantly altered propagation paths and the spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration velocity. The peak particle velocity (PPV) at the cross-passage corner was amplified by approximately 1.92 times due to wave reflection and geometric focusing. Blasting-induced vibration waves attenuated non-uniformly across the tunnel cross-section, where PPV on the blast-face side was 1.54–6.56 times higher than that on the opposite side. We propose an improved PPV attenuation model that accounts for the propagation path effect. This model significantly improved fitting accuracy and resolved anomalous parameter (k and α) estimates in traditional equations, thereby improving prediction reliability. Furthermore, based on the observed spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration, optimal monitoring point placement and targeted vibration control measures for tunnel blasting were discussed. These findings provide a scientific basis for designing blasting schemes and vibration mitigation strategies in deep tunnels.
{"title":"Spatial response and prediction model for blasting-induced vibration in a deep double-line tunnel","authors":"Chong Yu , Yongan Ma , Haibo Li , Changjian Wang , Haibin Wang , Linghao Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive blasting-induced vibration during drilling-and-blasting excavation of deep tunnels can trigger geological hazards and compromise the stability of both the rock mass and support structures. This study focused on the deep double-line Sejila Mountain tunnel to systematically analyze the spatial response of blasting-induced vibration and to develop a prediction model through field tests and numerical simulations. The results revealed that the presence of a cross passage significantly altered propagation paths and the spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration velocity. The peak particle velocity (PPV) at the cross-passage corner was amplified by approximately 1.92 times due to wave reflection and geometric focusing. Blasting-induced vibration waves attenuated non-uniformly across the tunnel cross-section, where PPV on the blast-face side was 1.54–6.56 times higher than that on the opposite side. We propose an improved PPV attenuation model that accounts for the propagation path effect. This model significantly improved fitting accuracy and resolved anomalous parameter (<em>k</em> and <em>α</em>) estimates in traditional equations, thereby improving prediction reliability. Furthermore, based on the observed spatial distribution of blasting-induced vibration, optimal monitoring point placement and targeted vibration control measures for tunnel blasting were discussed. These findings provide a scientific basis for designing blasting schemes and vibration mitigation strategies in deep tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 169-186"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.008
Changshuo Wang, Chen Huang, Rui Yong, Guangjian Liu, Pengju An, Zhongjun Ma, Jibo Qin
Rock mass stability is significantly influenced by the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness and shear strength. While modern technology facilitates assessing roughness heterogeneity, evaluating shear strength heterogeneity remains challenging. To address this, this study first captures the morphology of large-scale (1000 mm × 1000 mm) slate and granite joints via 3D laser scanning. Analysis of these surfaces and corresponding push/pull tests on carved specimens revealed a potential correlation between the heterogeneity of roughness and shear strength. A comparative evaluation of five statistical metrics identified information entropy (Hs) as the most robust indicator for quantifying rock joint heterogeneity. Further analysis using Hs reveals that the heterogeneity is anisotropic and, critically, that shear strength heterogeneity is governed not only by roughness heterogeneity but is also significantly influenced by the mean roughness value, normal stress, and intact rock tensile strength. Consequently, a simple comparison of roughness Hs values is insufficient for reliably comparing shear strength heterogeneity. To overcome this limitation, a theoretical framework is developed to explicitly map fundamental roughness statistics (mean and heterogeneity) to shear strength heterogeneity. This framework culminates in a practical workflow that allows for the rapid, field-based assessment of shear strength heterogeneity using readily obtainable rock joint roughness data.
岩体节理粗糙度和抗剪强度的非均质性对岩体稳定性有显著影响。虽然现代技术有助于评估粗糙度非均质性，但评估抗剪强度非均质性仍然具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题，本研究首先通过3D激光扫描捕获了大型（1000 mm × 1000 mm）板岩和花岗岩接缝的形态。对这些表面进行分析，并对雕刻标本进行相应的推/拉试验，揭示了粗糙度的非均质性与抗剪强度之间的潜在相关性。通过对五种统计指标的比较评估，发现信息熵（Hs）是量化岩石节理非均质性的最可靠指标。利用Hs进一步分析表明，非均质性是各向异性的，重要的是，抗剪强度非均质性不仅受粗糙度非均质性的控制，还受到平均粗糙度值、正应力和完整岩石抗拉强度的显著影响。因此，简单比较粗糙度Hs值不足以可靠地比较抗剪强度非均质性。为了克服这一限制，开发了一个理论框架来明确地将基本粗糙度统计（平均值和非均质）映射到抗剪强度非均质。该框架最终形成了一个实用的工作流程，允许使用易于获得的岩石节理粗糙度数据快速、基于现场的抗剪强度非均质性评估。
{"title":"Quantifying and mapping the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness and shear strength for rapid field assessment","authors":"Changshuo Wang, Chen Huang, Rui Yong, Guangjian Liu, Pengju An, Zhongjun Ma, Jibo Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock mass stability is significantly influenced by the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness and shear strength. While modern technology facilitates assessing roughness heterogeneity, evaluating shear strength heterogeneity remains challenging. To address this, this study first captures the morphology of large-scale (1000 mm × 1000 mm) slate and granite joints via 3D laser scanning. Analysis of these surfaces and corresponding push/pull tests on carved specimens revealed a potential correlation between the heterogeneity of roughness and shear strength. A comparative evaluation of five statistical metrics identified information entropy (<em>H<sub>s</sub></em>) as the most robust indicator for quantifying rock joint heterogeneity. Further analysis using <em>H<sub>s</sub></em> reveals that the heterogeneity is anisotropic and, critically, that shear strength heterogeneity is governed not only by roughness heterogeneity but is also significantly influenced by the mean roughness value, normal stress, and intact rock tensile strength. Consequently, a simple comparison of roughness <em>H<sub>s</sub></em> values is insufficient for reliably comparing shear strength heterogeneity. To overcome this limitation, a theoretical framework is developed to explicitly map fundamental roughness statistics (mean and heterogeneity) to shear strength heterogeneity. This framework culminates in a practical workflow that allows for the rapid, field-based assessment of shear strength heterogeneity using readily obtainable rock joint roughness data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 149-167"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.003
Sheng Li , Xinyi Li , Yuyue Gao , Bo Zhou , Yan Zhou , Jian Song , Cheng Zhou , Wei Yao , Lieyun Ding
Targeting Chang’E-8 mission’ in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) for sustainable lunar habitats, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith. To elucidate mission‑relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF‑fabricated lunar regolith simulants, mare‑type and highland‑type simulant specimens were produced. Microstructural characterization, mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC), and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis. The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13 (50 mm × 50 mm × 30 mm), significantly outperforming their mare counterparts. Wire-cutting to 20 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm lowered strength by ∼ 20% and peak strain to 0.04, indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility. All specimens displayed multi-peaked stress–strain curves. 3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples, diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples, and highly tortuous, network-type bands in mare samples; the anisotropy index was also quantified. Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 (size 1.25–9 mm). Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages: elastic energy storage, progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation, and final unstable collapse. An energy-based damage model was established and validated. The data and methods developed support Chang’E-8 missions’ ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.
针对嫦娥8号任务的原位资源利用（ISRU），激光粉末床融合（LPBF）为原位增材制造月球风化层提供了一条可行的途径。为了阐明LPBF制造的月球风化模拟物与任务相关的力学行为和破坏机制，制作了海型和高原型模拟样品。采用微观结构表征、力学试验耦合三维数字图像相关（3D-DIC）和耗能框架进行综合分析。原始高原标本的峰值应变为5.79 MPa，峰值应变为0.13 (50 mm × 50 mm × 30 mm)，显著优于母马标本。线切割至20mm × 20mm × 20mm时，强度降低约20%，峰值应变降至0.04，表明切割缺陷降低了延性。所有试样均呈现多峰应力-应变曲线。3D-DIC显示原始高原样品中的带状应变局部化，切割高原样品中的漫射应变模式，以及粗糙样品中高度曲折的网络型条带；各向异性指数也被量化。破碎颗粒的分形维数为1.6 ~ 2.0，粒径为1.25 ~ 9 mm。能量演化经历了三个不同的阶段：弹性能量储存阶段、能量逐步耗散延迟裂纹扩展阶段和最终不稳定破坏阶段。建立了基于能量的损伤模型并进行了验证。开发的数据和方法支持嫦娥8号任务的ISRU演示，并建立了一个可转移的框架，以实现可持续的月球栖息地。
{"title":"Towards sustainable lunar habitats with ISRU in Chang’E mission: Mechanical–energy evolution and damage mechanisms of LPBF-printed lunar regolith simulate","authors":"Sheng Li , Xinyi Li , Yuyue Gao , Bo Zhou , Yan Zhou , Jian Song , Cheng Zhou , Wei Yao , Lieyun Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeting Chang’E-8 mission’ in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) for sustainable lunar habitats, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith. To elucidate mission‑relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF‑fabricated lunar regolith simulants, mare‑type and highland‑type simulant specimens were produced. Microstructural characterization, mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC), and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis. The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13 (50 mm × 50 mm × 30 mm), significantly outperforming their mare counterparts. Wire-cutting to 20 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm lowered strength by ∼ 20% and peak strain to 0.04, indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility. All specimens displayed multi-peaked stress–strain curves. 3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples, diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples, and highly tortuous, network-type bands in mare samples; the anisotropy index was also quantified. Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0 (size 1.25–9 mm). Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages: elastic energy storage, progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation, and final unstable collapse. An energy-based damage model was established and validated. The data and methods developed support Chang’E-8 missions’ ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigating the damage evolution of surrounding rock under thermal shock cycles is crucial for ensuring the stability of engineering rock masses. This study performed Brazilian splitting tests on granite specimens under varying temperature and cycle conditions, employing acoustic emission monitoring, digital image correlation, and three-dimensional scanning technology. A systematic analysis was conducted on the patterns of damage evolution, failure precursor, and response mechanisms under combined thermal and cyclic loading. Experimental results show that both P-wave velocity and tensile strength degrade significantly with increasing temperature and cycle count, with temperature having a more pronounced effect than cycle count. Notably, damage evolution exhibits a dual-threshold behavior in which degradation accelerates markedly above 400 °C and stabilizes after 5 thermal cycles. Fracture surfaces evolve from initially planar to rugged morphologies, with peak-valley height differences at 600 °C being approximately three times greater than those at 200 °C. Furthermore, based on acoustic emission energy entropy analysis, we introduce a novel failure precursor indicator where the sustained increase and critical surge in average entropy serve as reliable early-warning signals for impending rock failure. These findings establish a solid theoretical basis and practical methodology for damage assessment and instability early-warning systems in high-temperature rock engineering.
{"title":"Experimental study on damage evolution and failure precursor characteristics of granite under thermal shock cycles","authors":"Zhenjiang Huang, Mingxuan Shen, Yu Zhao, Chaolin Wang, Jing Bi, Yongfa Zhang, Shuang Dang, Yuhang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the damage evolution of surrounding rock under thermal shock cycles is crucial for ensuring the stability of engineering rock masses. This study performed Brazilian splitting tests on granite specimens under varying temperature and cycle conditions, employing acoustic emission monitoring, digital image correlation, and three-dimensional scanning technology. A systematic analysis was conducted on the patterns of damage evolution, failure precursor, and response mechanisms under combined thermal and cyclic loading. Experimental results show that both P-wave velocity and tensile strength degrade significantly with increasing temperature and cycle count, with temperature having a more pronounced effect than cycle count. Notably, damage evolution exhibits a dual-threshold behavior in which degradation accelerates markedly above 400 °C and stabilizes after 5 thermal cycles. Fracture surfaces evolve from initially planar to rugged morphologies, with peak-valley height differences at 600 °C being approximately three times greater than those at 200 °C. Furthermore, based on acoustic emission energy entropy analysis, we introduce a novel failure precursor indicator where the sustained increase and critical surge in average entropy serve as reliable early-warning signals for impending rock failure. These findings establish a solid theoretical basis and practical methodology for damage assessment and instability early-warning systems in high-temperature rock engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 125-148"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.007
Nan Zhou , Jixiong Zhang , Yuzhe Zhang , Hao Yan
Underground carbon sequestration (CS) by solid waste backfill (SWB) offers an effective pathway for collaborative disposal of coal-based solid waste and CO2, where the amount of carbon sequestration is an important evaluation parameter. In this study, the concept of whole-process carbon sequestration using coal-based solid waste and CO2, including sequential stirring and curing stages, was proposed to evaluate the performance evolution of CS. The results showed that CO2 pressure and ambient temperature positively correlated with the CS amount from coal-based SWB. In particular, CO2 pressure prevailed in the stirring stage, while the ambient temperature effect was more significant in the curing stage. The CS amounts obtained during the stirring stage alone, the curing stage alone, and two sequential stages ranged from 0.66 %–3.10 %, 3.53 %–5.09 %, and 5.12 %–6.02 %, respectively. The functional group and micromorphology analyses revealed that the prevailing mechanism at the CS stirring stage was the stirring-driven gas dissolution-leaching-mineralization reaction, while that at the curing stage was the hydration-driven gas permeation-dissociation-CS reaction. Both were essentially solid-liquid-gas multiphase chemical reactions. The results are instrumental in substantiating the coal-based SWB carbon sequestration evolution patterns and mechanisms and providing data support for waste disposal and carbon emission reduction in the coal industry.
{"title":"Carbon sequestration amount evolution characteristics and reaction mechanisms in coal-based solid waste backfill: A new whole-process carbon sequestration technique","authors":"Nan Zhou , Jixiong Zhang , Yuzhe Zhang , Hao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground carbon sequestration (CS) by solid waste backfill (SWB) offers an effective pathway for collaborative disposal of coal-based solid waste and CO<sub>2</sub>, where the amount of carbon sequestration is an important evaluation parameter. In this study, the concept of whole-process carbon sequestration using coal-based solid waste and CO<sub>2</sub>, including sequential stirring and curing stages, was proposed to evaluate the performance evolution of CS. The results showed that CO<sub>2</sub> pressure and ambient temperature positively correlated with the CS amount from coal-based SWB. In particular, CO<sub>2</sub> pressure prevailed in the stirring stage, while the ambient temperature effect was more significant in the curing stage. The CS amounts obtained during the stirring stage alone, the curing stage alone, and two sequential stages ranged from 0.66<!--> <!-->%–3.10<!--> <!-->%, 3.53<!--> <!-->%–5.09<!--> <!-->%, and 5.12<!--> <!-->%–6.02<!--> <!-->%, respectively. The functional group and micromorphology analyses revealed that the prevailing mechanism at the CS stirring stage was the stirring-driven gas dissolution-leaching-mineralization reaction, while that at the curing stage was the hydration-driven gas permeation-dissociation-CS reaction. Both were essentially solid-liquid-gas multiphase chemical reactions. The results are instrumental in substantiating the coal-based SWB carbon sequestration evolution patterns and mechanisms and providing data support for waste disposal and carbon emission reduction in the coal industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 43-55"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145598602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.005
Yunhao Wu , Hanpeng Wang , Wei Wang , Jianguo Fan , Chunming Li , Bing Zhang , Dekang Sun , Fubin Hou
Weak structural planes commonly exist in underground engineering. These planes make anchor structures more prone to failure, threatening rock stability, threatening the safety and stability of underground engineering. Optical-Thermal-Acoustic (OTA) monitoring was applied during uniaxial compression tests on cross-layer anchored rock masses. The study revealed the mechanical properties, failure characteristics, and energy evolution of rock masses with different anchoring methods and bedding angles. Key findings: anchoring suppresses transverse deformation and tensile crack propagation, increasing elastic modulus and bearing capacity; anchored rock shows more intense acoustic emission but smaller infrared temperature changes; the structural plane angle controls the direction of crack extension and the evolution of the strain characteristics, and the rock is prone to instantaneous slip failure of the structural surface at 45°–75°, and the lower strength with significant IR change characteristics. Distinct OTA characteristics during rupture validate the method’s reliability for rockburst early warning and intensity assessment. Moreover, based on the failure characteristics of cross-layer anchored rock masses, a shear failure criterion for anchored structural planes is established. This criterion enables prediction of rock mass failure modes, analysis of bolt support resistance, reference for support design/construction in underground engineering within complex strata.
{"title":"Rockburst failure characteristics and energy evolution law of cross-layer anchored rock mass based on optical-thermal-acoustic combinative monitoring","authors":"Yunhao Wu , Hanpeng Wang , Wei Wang , Jianguo Fan , Chunming Li , Bing Zhang , Dekang Sun , Fubin Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weak structural planes commonly exist in underground engineering. These planes make anchor structures more prone to failure, threatening rock stability, threatening the safety and stability of underground engineering. Optical-Thermal-Acoustic (OTA) monitoring was applied during uniaxial compression tests on cross-layer anchored rock masses. The study revealed the mechanical properties, failure characteristics, and energy evolution of rock masses with different anchoring methods and bedding angles. Key findings: anchoring suppresses transverse deformation and tensile crack propagation, increasing elastic modulus and bearing capacity; anchored rock shows more intense acoustic emission but smaller infrared temperature changes; the structural plane angle controls the direction of crack extension and the evolution of the strain characteristics, and the rock is prone to instantaneous slip failure of the structural surface at 45°–75°, and the lower strength with significant IR change characteristics. Distinct OTA characteristics during rupture validate the method’s reliability for rockburst early warning and intensity assessment. Moreover, based on the failure characteristics of cross-layer anchored rock masses, a shear failure criterion for anchored structural planes is established. This criterion enables prediction of rock mass failure modes, analysis of bolt support resistance, reference for support design/construction in underground engineering within complex strata.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 2157-2177"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.008
Yunfu Li , Chaolin Zhang , Bobo Li , Enyuan Wang , Jiawei Chen , Xianhe Yang , Chong Li
Deep mining is imperative, and the consequent coal and gas outburst disasters triggered during coal uncovering are becoming increasingly severe. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanical mechanisms of outburst instability from three dimensions: experiment, numerical simulation, and field application. Based on physical simulation tests with different outburst pore diameter, it was found that the gas pressure relief rate, gas emission volume, and outburst dynamic phenomena increase with outburst pore diameter. The migration patterns of the gas-solid two-phase flow evolved over time approximately into suspension flow, plug flow, dune flow, and stratified flow. The dominant influence of gas-driven tensile failure was amplified by uncovering coal area. The employment of the “fluid-solid-damage” coupling model revealed that coal damage, gas emission volume, deflection angle of outburst hole, roof displacement, maximum horizontal tensile stress, the horizontal tensile stress zone, the peak seepage force, and the damage zone all increased with uncovering coal areas. At the gas pressure of 0.74 MPa, when the uncovering coal areas were 3.189, 4.754 and 6.225 m, the total gas emission volumes were 4.72×10−4, 16.83×10−4, and 17.67 m2/s, deflection angles of outburst hole were 150.79°, 152.89° and 158.66°, the maximum roof displacements were 0.044, 0.046, and 0.325 m, and the peak seepage force were 0.85, 1.27, and 1.46 MPa/m, respectively. The regions of coal failure calculated by tensile failure criterion largely coincided with those calculated by the mixed failure criterion, far greater than those calculated by the shear failure criterion. As the increase of uncovering coal area, tensile weights of 80.72%, 89.78%, and 93.01%, respectively. Comparisons with field outburst cases showed that both gas emission volume and outburst hole deflection angle reflected the tensile failure of coal. The mechanical instability process of outbursts under the influence of uncovering coal area and gas pressure was analyzed, developing the progressive cyclical method of coal uncovering, which provided a novel approach for the achievement of safe coal mining.
{"title":"Tensile failure mechanism enhanced by uncovering coal area during coal and gas outburst","authors":"Yunfu Li , Chaolin Zhang , Bobo Li , Enyuan Wang , Jiawei Chen , Xianhe Yang , Chong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep mining is imperative, and the consequent coal and gas outburst disasters triggered during coal uncovering are becoming increasingly severe. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanical mechanisms of outburst instability from three dimensions: experiment, numerical simulation, and field application. Based on physical simulation tests with different outburst pore diameter, it was found that the gas pressure relief rate, gas emission volume, and outburst dynamic phenomena increase with outburst pore diameter. The migration patterns of the gas-solid two-phase flow evolved over time approximately into suspension flow, plug flow, dune flow, and stratified flow. The dominant influence of gas-driven tensile failure was amplified by uncovering coal area. The employment of the “fluid-solid-damage” coupling model revealed that coal damage, gas emission volume, deflection angle of outburst hole, roof displacement, maximum horizontal tensile stress, the horizontal tensile stress zone, the peak seepage force, and the damage zone all increased with uncovering coal areas. At the gas pressure of 0.74 MPa, when the uncovering coal areas were 3.189, 4.754 and 6.225 m, the total gas emission volumes were 4.72×10<sup>−4</sup>, 16.83×10<sup>−4</sup>, and 17.67 m<sup>2</sup>/s, deflection angles of outburst hole were 150.79°, 152.89° and 158.66°, the maximum roof displacements were 0.044, 0.046, and 0.325 m, and the peak seepage force were 0.85, 1.27, and 1.46 MPa/m, respectively. The regions of coal failure calculated by tensile failure criterion largely coincided with those calculated by the mixed failure criterion, far greater than those calculated by the shear failure criterion. As the increase of uncovering coal area, tensile weights of 80.72%, 89.78%, and 93.01%, respectively. Comparisons with field outburst cases showed that both gas emission volume and outburst hole deflection angle reflected the tensile failure of coal. The mechanical instability process of outbursts under the influence of uncovering coal area and gas pressure was analyzed, developing the progressive cyclical method of coal uncovering, which provided a novel approach for the achievement of safe coal mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 2231-2243"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although significant progress has been made in micromechanical characterization and upscaling of homogeneous materials, systematic investigations into deposition-controlled micro–macro rheological relationships in heterogeneous sedimentary soft rocks remain limited, particularly concerning time-dependent viscous parameter upscaling. This study investigates six typical fluvial and lacustrine microfacies from the Ordos Basin, China, including riverbed lag, natural levee, floodplain lake, point bar, sheet sand, and shallow lake mud. Mineral composition and microstructure are characterized, and nanoindentation creep tests quantify viscoelastic properties. A micro–macro upscaling method that transforms the time-domain Burger model into the frequency domain and utilizes three traditional homogenization schemes: dilute approximation, Mori-Tanaka, and self-consistent methods, for comparative estimation of macroscopic rheological parameters is proposed. Microstructural analysis demonstrates distinct fabric patterns controlled by depositional energy. Floodplain lake and sheet sand microfacies show superior rheological stability due to dense quartz skeletons, whereas riverbed lag and shallow lake mud perform poorly, caused by skeleton relaxation and clay-dominated slip, respectively. The point bar microfacies exhibits a “rigid-soft hybrid” behavior, with high long-term stability but reduced transient stability. Comparatively, the frequency-domain upscaling framework developed in this study, incorporating the Mori-Tanaka scheme, demonstrates satisfactory agreement with experimental data, validating its capability to predict macroscopic viscoelastic properties from microstructural features.
{"title":"Effect of depositional environment differences on micro-macro rheological behavior of sedimentary soft rocks","authors":"Mengnan Liu, Wei Qiao, Xianggang Cheng, Ruijie Lv, Xiangsheng Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although significant progress has been made in micromechanical characterization and upscaling of homogeneous materials, systematic investigations into deposition-controlled micro–macro rheological relationships in heterogeneous sedimentary soft rocks remain limited, particularly concerning time-dependent viscous parameter upscaling. This study investigates six typical fluvial and lacustrine microfacies from the Ordos Basin, China, including riverbed lag, natural levee, floodplain lake, point bar, sheet sand, and shallow lake mud. Mineral composition and microstructure are characterized, and nanoindentation creep tests quantify viscoelastic properties. A micro–macro upscaling method that transforms the time-domain Burger model into the frequency domain and utilizes three traditional homogenization schemes: dilute approximation, Mori-Tanaka, and self-consistent methods, for comparative estimation of macroscopic rheological parameters is proposed. Microstructural analysis demonstrates distinct fabric patterns controlled by depositional energy. Floodplain lake and sheet sand microfacies show superior rheological stability due to dense quartz skeletons, whereas riverbed lag and shallow lake mud perform poorly, caused by skeleton relaxation and clay-dominated slip, respectively. The point bar microfacies exhibits a “rigid-soft hybrid” behavior, with high long-term stability but reduced transient stability. Comparatively, the frequency-domain upscaling framework developed in this study, incorporating the Mori-Tanaka scheme, demonstrates satisfactory agreement with experimental data, validating its capability to predict macroscopic viscoelastic properties from microstructural features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 2179-2198"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145531895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is of great significance to study the failure mode of mining roadways for safe coal mining. The unconventional asymmetric failure (UAF) phenomenon was discovered in the 9106 ventilation roadway of Wangzhuang coal mine in Shanxi Province. The main manifestation is that the deformation of the roadway on the coal side is much greater than that on the coal pillar side. A comprehensive study was conducted on on-site detection, theoretical analysis, laboratory tests and numerical simulation of the UAF phenomenon. On-site detection shows that the deformation of the coal sidewall can reach 50–80 cm, and the failure zone depth can reach 3 m. The deformation and fracture depth on the coal pillar side are much smaller than those on the coal side. A calculation model for the principal stress of surrounding rock when the axial direction of the roadway is inconsistent with the in-situ stress field was established. The distribution of the failure zone on both sides of the roadway has been defined by the combined mining induced stress. The true triaxial test studied the mechanical mechanism of rock mass fracture and crack propagation on both sides of the roadway. The research results indicate that the axial direction, stress field distribution, and mining induced stress field distribution of the roadway jointly affect the asymmetric failure mode of the roadway. The angle between the axis direction of the roadway and the maximum horizontal stress field leads to uneven distribution of the principal stress field on both sides. The differential distribution of mining induced stress exacerbates the asymmetric distribution of principal stress in the surrounding rock. The uneven stress distribution on both sides of the roadway is the main cause of UAF formation. The research results can provide mechanical explanations and theoretical support for the control of surrounding rock in roadways with similar failure characteristics.
{"title":"Mechanical mechanism of unconventional asymmetric failure in mining roadways: A joint research on crack propagation and engineering fracture","authors":"Zongyu Ma , Jianping Zuo , Chengyi Xu , Yiming Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is of great significance to study the failure mode of mining roadways for safe coal mining. The unconventional asymmetric failure (UAF) phenomenon was discovered in the 9106 ventilation roadway of Wangzhuang coal mine in Shanxi Province. The main manifestation is that the deformation of the roadway on the coal side is much greater than that on the coal pillar side. A comprehensive study was conducted on on-site detection, theoretical analysis, laboratory tests and numerical simulation of the UAF phenomenon. On-site detection shows that the deformation of the coal sidewall can reach 50–80 cm, and the failure zone depth can reach 3 m. The deformation and fracture depth on the coal pillar side are much smaller than those on the coal side. A calculation model for the principal stress of surrounding rock when the axial direction of the roadway is inconsistent with the in-situ stress field was established. The distribution of the failure zone on both sides of the roadway has been defined by the combined mining induced stress. The true triaxial test studied the mechanical mechanism of rock mass fracture and crack propagation on both sides of the roadway. The research results indicate that the axial direction, stress field distribution, and mining induced stress field distribution of the roadway jointly affect the asymmetric failure mode of the roadway. The angle between the axis direction of the roadway and the maximum horizontal stress field leads to uneven distribution of the principal stress field on both sides. The differential distribution of mining induced stress exacerbates the asymmetric distribution of principal stress in the surrounding rock. The uneven stress distribution on both sides of the roadway is the main cause of UAF formation. The research results can provide mechanical explanations and theoretical support for the control of surrounding rock in roadways with similar failure characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 2141-2156"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145535990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.011
Banquan Zeng , Jianhang Chen , Wuyan Xu , Xiaoyong An , Shiji Wang , Songsong Hu , Kun Wang , Yu Chen
To investigate groundwater influence on stability and rockburst mechanism of deep hard-rock rectangular tunnels, water-immersed treatment and uniaxial compressive acoustic emission (AE) experiments were conducted on rectangular tunnel specimens. Energy dissipation characteristics, AE evolution characteristics and damage evolution characteristics of rectangular tunnels were analysed under water-immersed condition. Under water-immersed condition, tunnel specimens were quite sensitive to water. Average peak stress and average peak strain energy exhibited negative exponential decay with water-immersed time. Among them, after 12 d of water immersion, average peak stress of specimens decreased by 28%. Average total strain energy decreased by 70%. Average elastic strain energy decreased by 71% and average dissipated strain energy decreased by 68%. After 62 d of water immersion, average peak stress of specimens decreased by 34%. Average total strain energy decreased by 78%. Average elastic strain energy decreased by 79% and average dissipated strain energy decreased by 75%. Water weakened bonding among mineral particles. Moreover, it undermined load-bearing capacity and diminished energy-storage properties. Under high stress, massive releasable elastic strain energy stored in natural specimens within pre-peak stage may abruptly release after peak stress. This caused rapid crack development and connection in specimens. During accumulation and release of elastic strain energy, initial failure typically occurred at sidewalls. This failure location was not affected by water. Compared with natural specimens, Specimens immersed in water for 62 d had the lowest peak values of cumulative amplitude, cumulative AE energy and cumulative AE count. After 62 d of water immersion, peak values of cumulative amplitude, cumulative AE energy and cumulative AE count of specimens decreased by 84%, 97% and 99%. Compared with AE damage model, fitting degree of energy damage model was higher. For natural specimens, fitting degree of energy damage model was 0.96. For specimens immersed in water for 12 d, fitting degree of energy damage model was 0.96. For specimens immersed in water for 62 d, fitting degree of energy damage model was 0.72. Therefore, an energy damage model had more remarkable applicability and reliability. By establishing dynamic mapping relationship between energy and damage in the model, accuracy of rockburst early warning has been significantly improved. This provided scientific basis for support structure design of rectangular tunnels and regulation of high strain energy.
{"title":"Failure mechanism and damage constitutive model of rectangular tunnels under water-rich condition","authors":"Banquan Zeng , Jianhang Chen , Wuyan Xu , Xiaoyong An , Shiji Wang , Songsong Hu , Kun Wang , Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate groundwater influence on stability and rockburst mechanism of deep hard-rock rectangular tunnels, water-immersed treatment and uniaxial compressive acoustic emission (AE) experiments were conducted on rectangular tunnel specimens. Energy dissipation characteristics, AE evolution characteristics and damage evolution characteristics of rectangular tunnels were analysed under water-immersed condition. Under water-immersed condition, tunnel specimens were quite sensitive to water. Average peak stress and average peak strain energy exhibited negative exponential decay with water-immersed time. Among them, after 12 d of water immersion, average peak stress of specimens decreased by 28%. Average total strain energy decreased by 70%. Average elastic strain energy decreased by 71% and average dissipated strain energy decreased by 68%. After 62 d of water immersion, average peak stress of specimens decreased by 34%. Average total strain energy decreased by 78%. Average elastic strain energy decreased by 79% and average dissipated strain energy decreased by 75%. Water weakened bonding among mineral particles. Moreover, it undermined load-bearing capacity and diminished energy-storage properties. Under high stress, massive releasable elastic strain energy stored in natural specimens within pre-peak stage may abruptly release after peak stress. This caused rapid crack development and connection in specimens. During accumulation and release of elastic strain energy, initial failure typically occurred at sidewalls. This failure location was not affected by water. Compared with natural specimens, Specimens immersed in water for 62 d had the lowest peak values of cumulative amplitude, cumulative AE energy and cumulative AE count. After 62 d of water immersion, peak values of cumulative amplitude, cumulative AE energy and cumulative AE count of specimens decreased by 84%, 97% and 99%. Compared with AE damage model, fitting degree of energy damage model was higher. For natural specimens, fitting degree of energy damage model was 0.96. For specimens immersed in water for 12 d, fitting degree of energy damage model was 0.96. For specimens immersed in water for 62 d, fitting degree of energy damage model was 0.72. Therefore, an energy damage model had more remarkable applicability and reliability. By establishing dynamic mapping relationship between energy and damage in the model, accuracy of rockburst early warning has been significantly improved. This provided scientific basis for support structure design of rectangular tunnels and regulation of high strain energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 2245-2264"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145536026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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