International Journal of Mining Science and Technology最新文献

Guest Editorial to the Special Issue Planetary Rock and Soil Mechanics 行星岩石和土壤力学》特刊特约编辑

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.10.001

Xuhai Tang , Adriana Paluszny Rodriguez , Qi Zhao

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of lunar lava tube base construction and field research on a potential Earth test site 对月球熔岩管基地建设和潜在地球试验场实地研究的全面审查

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.06.003

Yujie Feng , Peng-Zhi Pan , Xuhai Tang , Zhaofeng Wang , Yuxin Li , Altaf Hussain

The Moon, as the closest celestial body to the Earth, plays a pivotal role in the progression of deep space exploration, and the establishment of research outposts on its surface represents a crucial step in this mission. Lunar lava tubes are special underground caves formed by volcanic eruptions and are considered as ideal natural shelters and scientific laboratories for lunar base construction. This paper begins with an in-depth overview of the geological origins, exploration history, and distribution locations of lunar lava tubes. Subsequently, it delves into the presentation of four distinctive advantages and typical concepts for constructing bases within lava tubes, summarizing the ground-based attempts made thus far in lunar lava tube base construction. Field studies conducted on a lava tube in Hainan revealed rock compositions similar to those found during the Apollo missions and clear lava tube structures, making it a promising analog site. Lastly, the challenges and opportunities encountered in the field of geotechnical engineering regarding the establishment of lunar lava tube bases are discussed, encompassing cave exploration technologies, in-situ testing methods, geomechanical properties under lunar extreme environments, base design and structural stability assessment, excavation and reinforcement techniques, and simulated Earth-based lava tube base.

月球作为距离地球最近的天体，在深空探索的进程中发挥着举足轻重的作用，而在月球表面建立研究前哨站则是这一任务的关键一步。月球熔岩管是火山喷发形成的特殊地下洞穴，被认为是建造月球基地的理想天然庇护所和科学实验室。本文首先深入概述了月球熔岩管的地质起源、勘探历史和分布位置。随后，本文深入探讨了在熔岩管内建造基地的四个独特优势和典型理念，总结了迄今为止在月球熔岩管基地建设方面所做的地面尝试。对海南熔岩管进行的实地研究显示，其岩石成分与阿波罗任务期间发现的岩石成分相似，熔岩管结构清晰，因此是一个很有前景的模拟地点。最后，讨论了岩土工程领域在建立月球熔岩管基地方面遇到的挑战和机遇，包括洞穴勘探技术、原位测试方法、月球极端环境下的地质力学特性、基地设计和结构稳定性评估、挖掘和加固技术以及模拟地球熔岩管基地。

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引用次数: 0

Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of vacuum sintered HUST-1 lunar regolith simulant 真空烧结 HUST-1 月球碎屑模拟物的物理、机械和热性能

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.06.004

Wenbin Han , Yan Zhou , Lixiong Cai , Cheng Zhou , Lieyun Ding

Establishing a base on the Moon is one of the new goals of human lunar exploration in recent years. Sintered lunar regolith is one of the most potential building materials for lunar bases. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of sintered lunar regolith are vital performance indices for the structural design of a lunar base and analysis of many critical mechanical and thermal issues. In this study, the HUST-1 lunar regolith simulant (HLRS) was sintered at 1030, 1040, 1050, 1060, 1070, and 1080 °C. The effect of sintering temperature on the compressive strength was investigated, and the exact value of the optimum vacuum sintering temperature was determined between 1040 and 1060 °C. Then, the microstructure and material composition of vacuum sintered HLRS at different temperatures were characterized. It was found that the sintering temperature has no significant effect on the mineral composition in the temperature range of 1030–1080 °C. Besides, the heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of vacuum sintered HLRS at different temperatures were investigated. Specific heat capacity of sintered samples increases with the increase of test temperature within the temperature range from −75 to 145 °C. Besides, the thermal conductivity of the sintered sample is proportional to density. Finally, the two temperatures of 1040 and 1050 °C were selected for a more detailed study of mechanical properties. The results showed that compressive strength of sintered sample is much higher than tensile strength. This study reveals the effects of sintering temperature on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of vacuum sintered HLRS, and these material parameters will provide support for the construction of future lunar bases.

在月球上建立基地是近年来人类月球探测的新目标之一。烧结月球渣岩是月球基地最具潜力的建筑材料之一。烧结月球渣岩的物理、机械和热性能是月球基地结构设计和分析许多关键机械和热问题的重要性能指标。在这项研究中，HUST-1 月球雷灰岩模拟物（HLRS）的烧结温度分别为 1030、1040、1050、1060、1070 和 1080 ℃。研究了烧结温度对抗压强度的影响，并确定了最佳真空烧结温度的确切值为 1040 至 1060 ℃。然后，对不同温度下真空烧结 HLRS 的微观结构和材料成分进行了表征。结果发现，在 1030-1080 ℃ 的温度范围内，烧结温度对矿物成分没有明显影响。此外，还研究了不同温度下真空烧结 HLRS 的热容量、热导率和热膨胀系数（CTE）。在 -75 至 145 ℃ 的温度范围内，烧结样品的比热容随测试温度的升高而增大。此外，烧结样品的热导率与密度成正比。最后，选择 1040 和 1050 ℃ 这两个温度对机械性能进行了更详细的研究。结果表明，烧结样品的抗压强度远高于抗拉强度。这项研究揭示了烧结温度对真空烧结 HLRS 的物理、机械和热性能的影响，这些材料参数将为未来月球基地的建设提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Development and characterization of a regional lunar soil simulant for emirates lunar missions 为酋长国登月任务开发区域性月球土壤模拟物并确定其特征

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.09.002

Bo Peng , Prabu Thannasi , Waleed El-Sekelly , Tarek Abdoun , Kemal Celik

Lunar soil simulants (LSS) have been pivotal in the success of past and current lunar missions. They have enhanced the design of lander and rover wheels through interaction studies on the lunar testbed under simulated environmental conditions. They have also been used to evaluate the geotechnical, geomechanical, and dynamic characteristics of the lunar soil (LS), which is vital for future lunar outposts. While most simulants have focused on either the chemical and mineralogical or geotechnical properties, developing a comprehensive LSS that mimics the lunar soil is of paramount importance for lander and rover soft-landing and future lunar habitation. This article presents the significant development and characterization of the new LSS NYUAD-1, the first regional soil simulant tailored for the planned Emirates lunar missions. The material and geotechnical properties of NYUAD-1, including chemical composition, mineralogy, particle size, morphology, specific gravity, density, shear strength, and compressibility behaviors, were assessed through laboratory tests conducted per ASTM standards. Comparative analysis with authentic lunar regolith and various regolith simulants confirms the significance and applicability of NYUAD-1 for lunar-based research, offering a promising step toward future lunar habitation.

月球土壤模拟器（LSS）对过去和现在月球任务的成功至关重要。通过在月球试验台上进行模拟环境条件下的相互作用研究，它们加强了着陆器和漫游车车轮的设计。它们还被用于评估月球土壤（LS）的岩土力学、地质力学和动态特性，这对未来的月球前哨站至关重要。虽然大多数模拟物都侧重于化学和矿物学特性或岩土力学特性，但开发一种能模拟月球土壤的综合月壤模拟系统对于着陆器和漫游车软着陆以及未来的月球居住环境至关重要。本文介绍了新型 LSS NYUAD-1 的重要开发和特征描述，这是首个为阿联酋计划中的月球任务量身定制的区域土壤模拟物。根据 ASTM 标准进行的实验室测试评估了 NYUAD-1 的材料和岩土特性，包括化学成分、矿物学、颗粒大小、形态、比重、密度、剪切强度和压缩行为。与真正的月球碎屑岩和各种碎屑岩模拟物的比较分析证实了 NYUAD-1 对月球研究的意义和适用性，为未来的月球居住提供了一个有希望的步骤。

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引用次数: 0

Development and characterization of the PolyU-1 lunar regolith simulant based on Chang’e-5 returned samples 以嫦娥五号返回样品为基础的 PolyU-1 月球岩石模拟物的开发和特征描述

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.006

Yuan Zou , Huanyu Wu , Shupeng Chai , Wei Yang , Renhao Ruan , Qi Zhao

Leading national space exploration agencies and private enterprises are actively engaged in lunar exploration initiatives to accomplish manned lunar landings and establish permanent lunar bases in the forthcoming years. With limited access to lunar surface materials on Earth, lunar regolith simulants are crucial for lunar exploration research. The Chang’e-5 (CE-5) samples have been characterized by state-of-the-art laboratory equipment, providing a unique opportunity to develop a high-quality lunar regolith simulant. We have prepared a high-fidelity PolyU-1 simulant by pulverizing, desiccating, sieving, and blending natural mineral materials on Earth based on key physical, mineral, and chemical characteristics of CE-5 samples. The results showed that the simulant has a high degree of consistency with the CE-5 samples in terms of the particle morphology, mineral and chemical composition. Direct shear tests were conducted on the simulant, and the measured internal friction angle and cohesion values can serve as references for determining the mechanical properties of CE-5 lunar regolith. The PolyU-1 simulant can contribute to experimental studies involving lunar regolith, including the assessment of interaction between rovers and lunar regolith, as well as the development of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies.

主要的国家空间探索机构和私营企业正在积极开展月球探索活动，以便在未来几年内完成载人登月和建立永久性月球基地。由于地球上获取月球表面材料的途径有限，月球碎屑岩模拟物对月球探测研究至关重要。嫦娥五号（CE-5）样品已通过最先进的实验室设备进行了表征，为开发高质量的月球碎屑模拟物提供了难得的机会。我们根据嫦娥五号样品的关键物理、矿物和化学特征，通过粉碎、干燥、筛分和混合地球上的天然矿物材料，制备了高保真的 PolyU-1 模拟物。结果表明，模拟物在颗粒形态、矿物和化学成分方面与 CE-5 样品高度一致。对模拟物进行了直接剪切试验，测得的内摩擦角和内聚力值可作为确定 CE-5 月球碎屑岩力学性质的参考。PolyU-1 模拟物可为涉及月球渣岩的实验研究做出贡献，包括评估漫游车与月球渣岩之间的相互作用，以及开发原地资源利用（ISRU）技术。

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引用次数: 0

Formation of Tianwen-1 landing crater and mechanical properties of Martian soil near the landing site 天文一号着陆坑的形成与着陆点附近火星土壤的力学特性

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.010

Xinshuo Chen , Zhaobin Zhang , Juan Li , Shouding Li , Tao Xu , Bo Zheng , Xiukuo Sun , Yanfang Wu , Yiming Diao , Xiao Li

After landing in the Utopia Planitia, Tianwen-1 formed the deepest landing crater on Mars, approximately 40 cm deep, exposing precious information about the mechanical properties of Martian soil. We established numerical models for the plume-surface interaction (PSI) and the crater formation based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods and the erosion model modified from Roberts’ Theory. Comparative studies of cases were conducted with different nozzle heights and soil mechanical properties. The increase in cohesion and internal friction angle leads to a decrease in erosion rate and maximum crater depth, with the cohesion having a greater impact. The influence of the nozzle height is not clear, as it interacts with the position of the Shock Diamond to jointly control the erosion process. Furthermore, we categorized the evolution of landing craters into the dispersive and the concentrated erosion modes based on the morphological characteristics. Finally, we estimated the upper limits of the Martian soil’s mechanical properties near Tianwen-1 landing site, with the cohesion ranging from 2612 to 2042 Pa and internal friction angle from 25° to 41°.

天文一号在乌托邦星着陆后，形成了火星上最深的着陆坑，深约40厘米，揭示了火星土壤力学性质的珍贵信息。我们基于计算流体动力学（CFD）方法和根据罗伯茨理论修改的侵蚀模型，建立了羽面相互作用（PSI）和陨石坑形成的数值模型。对不同喷嘴高度和土壤力学性能的情况进行了比较研究。内聚力和内摩擦角的增加导致侵蚀速率和最大坑深的减小，其中内聚力的影响更大。喷嘴高度的影响并不明显，因为它与冲击钻石的位置相互作用，共同控制侵蚀过程。此外，我们还根据形态特征将着陆坑的演变分为分散侵蚀模式和集中侵蚀模式。最后，我们估算了 "天问一号 "着陆点附近火星土壤的力学性质上限，内聚力为 2612 至 2042 Pa，内摩擦角为 25 至 41°。

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引用次数: 0

IFC: Editorial 国际金融公司: 编辑

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2095-2686(24)00129-0

引用次数: 0

Machine learning applications on lunar meteorite minerals: From classification to mechanical properties prediction 月球陨石矿物的机器学习应用：从分类到机械特性预测

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.001

Eloy Peña-Asensio , Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez , Jordi Sort , Jordi Ibáñez-Insa , Albert Rimola

Amid the scarcity of lunar meteorites and the imperative to preserve their scientific value, non-destructive testing methods are essential. This translates into the application of microscale rock mechanics experiments and scanning electron microscopy for surface composition analysis. This study explores the application of Machine Learning algorithms in predicting the mineralogical and mechanical properties of DHOFAR 1084, JAH 838, and NWA 11444 lunar meteorites based solely on their atomic percentage compositions. Leveraging a prior-data fitted network model, we achieved near-perfect classification scores for meteorites, mineral groups, and individual minerals. The regressor models, notably the K-Neighbor model, provided an outstanding estimate of the mechanical properties—previously measured by nanoindentation tests—such as hardness, reduced Young’s modulus, and elastic recovery. Further considerations on the nature and physical properties of the minerals forming these meteorites, including porosity, crystal orientation, or shock degree, are essential for refining predictions. Our findings underscore the potential of Machine Learning in enhancing mineral identification and mechanical property estimation in lunar exploration, which pave the way for new advancements and quick assessments in extraterrestrial mineral mining, processing, and research.

月球陨石数量稀少，必须保护其科学价值，因此必须采用非破坏性测试方法。这就需要应用微尺度岩石力学实验和扫描电子显微镜进行表面成分分析。本研究探索了机器学习算法在预测 DHOFAR 1084、JAH 838 和 NWA 11444 月球陨石的矿物学和力学性质中的应用，这些预测仅基于它们的原子百分比成分。利用先验数据拟合网络模型，我们对陨石、矿物组和单个矿物取得了近乎完美的分类分数。回归模型，特别是 K-邻近模型，提供了对机械性能（之前通过纳米压痕测试测量）的出色估计，如硬度、减小的杨氏模量和弹性恢复。进一步考虑形成这些陨石的矿物的性质和物理特性，包括孔隙率、晶体取向或冲击程度，对于完善预测至关重要。我们的研究结果凸显了机器学习在提高月球探测中矿物识别和机械性能估算方面的潜力，这为地外矿物开采、加工和研究的新进展和快速评估铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting the probability distribution of Martian rocks mechanical property based on microscale rock mechanical experiments and accurate grain-based modeling 基于微尺度岩石力学实验和基于晶粒的精确建模预测火星岩石力学性能的概率分布

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.004

Shuohui Yin , Yingjie Wang , Jingang Liu

The exploration of Mars would heavily rely on Martian rocks mechanics and engineering technology. As the mechanical property of Martian rocks is uncertain, it is of utmost importance to predict the probability distribution of Martian rocks mechanical property for the success of Mars exploration. In this paper, a fast and accurate probability distribution method for predicting the macroscale elastic modulus of Martian rocks was proposed by integrating the microscale rock mechanical experiments (micro-RME), accurate grain-based modeling (AGBM) and upscaling methods based on reliability principles. Firstly, the microstructure of NWA12564 Martian sample and elastic modulus of each mineral were obtained by micro-RME with TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer (TIMA) and nanoindentation. The best probability distribution function of the minerals was determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Secondly, based on best distribution function of each mineral, the Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) and upscaling methods were implemented to obtain the probability distribution of upscaled elastic modulus. Thirdly, the correlation between the upscaled elastic modulus and macroscale elastic modulus obtained by AGBM was established. The accurate probability distribution of the macroscale elastic modulus was obtained by this correlation relationship. The proposed method can predict the probability distribution of Martian rocks mechanical property with any size and shape samples.

火星探测在很大程度上依赖于火星岩石力学和工程技术。由于火星岩石力学性质的不确定性，预测火星岩石力学性质的概率分布对火星探测的成功至关重要。本文基于可靠性原理，综合微尺度岩石力学实验（micro-RME）、基于晶粒的精确建模（AGBM）和放大方法，提出了一种快速准确预测火星岩石宏观弹性模量的概率分布方法。首先，利用 TESCAN 集成矿物分析仪（TIMA）和纳米压痕技术，通过微尺度岩石力学实验（micro-RME）获得了 NWA12564 火星样品的微观结构和各矿物的弹性模量。通过 Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) 检验确定了矿物的最佳概率分布函数。其次，根据每种矿物的最佳分布函数，采用蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）和放大方法，得到放大弹性模量的概率分布。第三，建立了上标弹性模量与 AGBM 方法获得的宏观弹性模量之间的相关性。通过这种相关关系，得到了宏观弹性模量的精确概率分布。所提出的方法可以预测任何尺寸和形状样品的火星岩石力学性能概率分布。

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引用次数: 0

Gouge stability controlled by temperature elevation and obsidian addition in basaltic faults and implications for moonquakes 玄武岩断层中受温度升高和黑曜石添加控制的冲沟稳定性及其对月震的影响

IF 11.7 1区工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.04.012

Shutian Cao , Fengshou Zhang , Mengke An , Derek Elsworth , Manchao He , Hai Liu , Luanxiao Zhao

Basalt is a major component of the earth and moon crust. Mineral composition and temperature influence frictional instability and thus the potential for seismicity on basaltic faults. We performed velocity-stepping shear experiments on basalt gouges at a confining pressure of 100 MPa, temperatures in the range of 100–400 °C and with varied obsidian mass fractions of 0–100% under wet/dry conditions to investigate the frictional strength and stability of basaltic faults. We observe a transition from velocity-neutral to velocity-weakening behaviors with increasing obsidian content. The frictional stability response of the mixed obsidian/basalt gouges is characterized by a transition from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening at 200 °C and another transition to velocity-strengthening at temperatures >300 °C. Conversely, frictional strengths of the obsidian-bearing gouges are insensitive to temperature and wet/dry conditions. These results suggest that obsidian content dominates the potential seismic response of basaltic faults with the effect of temperature controlling the range of seismogenic depths. Thus, shallow moonquakes tend to occur in the lower lunar crust due to the corresponding anticipated higher glass content and a projected temperature range conducive to velocity-weakening behavior. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the nucleation mechanism of shallow seismicity in basaltic faults.

玄武岩是地壳和月壳的主要组成部分。矿物成分和温度会影响摩擦不稳定性，从而影响玄武岩断层发生地震的可能性。为了研究玄武岩断层的摩擦强度和稳定性，我们在封闭压力为 100 兆帕、温度为 100-400 °C、黑曜石质量分数为 0-100% 的不同干/湿条件下，对玄武岩沟槽进行了速度步进剪切实验。我们观察到，随着黑曜石含量的增加，速度中性行为向速度减弱行为过渡。黑曜石/玄武岩混合凿岩的摩擦稳定性反应特点是，在200 °C时从速度增强过渡到速度减弱，在300 °C时又过渡到速度增强。相反，含黑曜石凿岩的摩擦强度对温度和干湿条件不敏感。这些结果表明，黑曜石含量主导着玄武岩断层的潜在地震响应，温度的影响控制着成震深度的范围。因此，浅月震倾向于发生在月壳下部，因为相应的预期玻璃含量较高，预计温度范围有利于速度减弱行为。这些观测有助于更好地理解玄武岩断层浅层地震的成核机制。

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引用次数: 0