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Multiscale track-seabed dynamic interaction during deep-sea seabed mining across operational modes 跨作业模式深海海底采矿多尺度轨道-海底动力相互作用
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.007
Bin Zhu , Xianhao Xiu , Ying Lai , Yunmin Chen , Viroon Kamchoom , Anthony Gunawan , Ruishi Zhang , Shusen Xiong
Deep-sea mining has emerged as a critical solution to address global resource shortages; however, the mechanical interaction between tracked mining vehicles (TMVs) and soft seabed sediments presents fundamental engineering challenges. This study establishes a multiscale modelling framework coupling the discrete element method (DEM) with multi-body dynamics (MBD) to investigate track-seabed dynamic interactions across three operational modes: flat terrain, slope climbing, and ditch surmounting. The simulation framework, validated against laboratory experiments, systematically evaluates the influence of grouser geometry (involute, triangular, and pin-type) and traveling speed (0.2–1.0 m/s) on traction performance, slip rate, and ground pressure distribution. Results reveal rate-dependent traction mechanisms governed by soil microstructural responses: higher speeds enhance peak traction but exacerbate slip instability on complex terrain. Critical operational thresholds are established—0.7 m/s for flat terrain, ≤0.5 m/s for slopes and ditches—with distinct grouser optimization strategies: involute grousers achieve 35%–40% slip reduction on slopes through progressive soil engagement, while triangular grousers provide optimal impact resistance during ditch crossing with 30%–35% performance improvement. These findings provide quantitative design criteria and operational guidelines for optimizing TMV structural parameters and control strategies, offering a robust theoretical foundation for enhancing the performance, safety, and reliability of deep-sea mining equipment in complex submarine environments.
深海采矿已成为解决全球资源短缺的关键解决方案;然而,履带式采矿车(tmv)与海底软沉积物之间的力学相互作用提出了根本性的工程挑战。本研究建立了一个将离散元法(DEM)与多体动力学(MBD)相结合的多尺度建模框架,研究了平坦地形、爬坡和翻沟三种运行模式下的轨道-海底动力相互作用。仿真框架通过实验室实验验证,系统地评估了滑车几何形状(渐开线、三角形和销型)和行驶速度(0.2-1.0 m/s)对牵引性能、滑移率和地压分布的影响。结果揭示了由土壤微观结构响应控制的速率依赖的牵引机制:较高的速度增强了峰值牵引力,但加剧了复杂地形上的滑移不稳定性。制定了关键的运行阈值-平坦地形为0.7 m/s,斜坡和沟渠为≤0.5 m/s -并采用不同的grogroer优化策略:渐开线grogroer通过逐步接触土壤可减少35%-40%的斜坡滑动,而三角形grogroer在沟渠穿越过程中提供最佳的抗冲击性,性能提高30%-35%。这些研究结果为优化TMV结构参数和控制策略提供了定量设计准则和操作指南,为提高复杂海底环境下深海采矿设备的性能、安全性和可靠性提供了坚实的理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Failure characteristics and mechanisms of uniaxial compressed red sandstone in non-uniform water distribution environment: Effects of immersion height and duration 非均匀配水环境下单轴压缩红砂岩破坏特征及机制:浸水高度和浸水时间的影响
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.09.008
Jiancheng Huang , Yong Luo , Xuefeng Si , Feng Lin , Kun Wang , Jiadong Qiu , Fan Feng , Qing Du
To investigate the influence of non-uniform water distribution on the mechanical properties and failure behavior of red sandstone, we designed five immersion heights and durations to achieve varying non-uniform water distribution states. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on red sandstone under these conditions. The effects of non-uniform water distribution on deformation, failure, strength, and energy characteristics of red sandstone were analyzed. The impact of non-uniform water distribution on the intensity of rock failure was discussed, and the failure mechanism under non-uniform water distribution was revealed. The hazards of low immersion heights on underground rock structures were analyzed. The results demonstrate that peak strength and elastic modulus of red sandstone exhibit high sensitivity to immersion height, with reductions of 38% and 23% respectively even at L=1/50H. Water immersion reduces both energy storage capacity and energy dissipation capability of red sandstone. The immersion height and duration influence the failure mode of red sandstone by controlling the migration and separation of dry-wet interfaces. Low immersion height poses significant risks to underground rock structures (e.g., a 38% strength reduction when L=1/50H), and the concentration degree of water non-uniform distribution is the key factor in assessing the weakening effect of water on rocks.
为了研究水不均匀分布对红砂岩力学性能和破坏行为的影响,我们设计了5种浸水高度和浸水时间来实现不同的水不均匀分布状态。在此条件下对红砂岩进行了单轴压缩试验。分析了水不均匀分布对红砂岩变形、破坏、强度和能量特性的影响。讨论了非均匀水分布对岩石破坏强度的影响,揭示了非均匀水分布下岩石破坏机理。分析了低浸没高度对地下岩体结构的危害。结果表明,红砂岩的峰值强度和弹性模量对浸水高度非常敏感,在L=1/50H时,峰值强度和弹性模量分别降低38%和23%。浸水降低了红砂岩的蓄能能力和耗能能力。浸没高度和浸没时间通过控制干湿界面的迁移和分离来影响红砂岩的破坏模式。低浸水高度对地下岩石结构存在较大风险(L=1/50H时强度降低38%),水不均匀分布的集中程度是评价水对岩石弱化效果的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation on failure mode and fracture characteristic of rock samples induced by laser irradiation 激光辐照岩石试样破坏模式及断裂特性试验研究
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.10.001
Dongxu Yu , Yijiang Wang , Shuchen Li , Zongheng Jiang , Jianzhou Wang
For hard rock cracking induced by laser irradiation, the failure modes and fracture characteristics among rocks of different types and sizes are still unclear. Therefore, the experiments on laser-induced fracturing of limestone, sandstone, and various-sized granite specimens were conducted. Real-time acoustic emission monitoring and laser scanning were employed to capture acoustic emission signals inside rocks during laser irradiation and to reconstruct the fracture surfaces after laser irradiation. Results indicate that abundant melts in sandstone and granite dissipated laser energy, leading to lower acoustic emission peak energy compared to limestone. Larger-sized specimen delayed the occurrence of peak energy. Crystal thermal expansion and changes in pore pressure induced tensile-shear composite failure in limestone, whereas thermal expansion of minerals in sandstone and granite promoted tensile failure. Fracture surface morphology was influenced by sampling interval, anisotropy, and size effects. The joint roughness coefficient and fractal dimension of sandstone exceed granite and limestone. Asperity heights and slope angles ranged from 1–14 mm and 0–40°, respectively, with the average aspect angles exceeding 110°. Granite exhibited the highest proportion of macropores after laser irradiation, approximately 4.8%. These findings provide valuable insights for the application of laser-assisted fracturing in hard rock excavation.
对于激光辐照引起的硬岩开裂,不同类型和尺寸岩石之间的破坏模式和断裂特征尚不清楚。为此,对石灰岩、砂岩和不同尺寸花岗岩试样进行了激光致裂实验。采用实时声发射监测和激光扫描技术,捕捉激光照射过程中岩石内部的声发射信号,重建激光照射后的裂隙表面。结果表明,砂岩和花岗岩中丰富的熔体耗散了激光能量,导致声发射峰值能量低于石灰岩。较大尺寸的试样延迟了峰值能量的出现。在石灰岩中,晶体热膨胀和孔隙压力变化诱发了拉剪复合破坏,而在砂岩和花岗岩中,矿物热膨胀促进了拉伸破坏。裂缝表面形貌受采样间隔、各向异性和尺寸效应的影响。砂岩的节理粗糙度系数和分形维数均超过花岗岩和石灰岩。凹凸高度1 ~ 14 mm,坡角0 ~ 40°,平均坡向角超过110°。激光照射后花岗岩的大孔隙比例最高,约为4.8%。这些发现为激光辅助压裂在硬岩开挖中的应用提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Study on mechanical properties and mesoscopic damage mechanism of composite jointed rock masses 复合节理岩体力学特性及细观损伤机理研究
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.018
Yao Bai , Zhibo Xu , Haoyu Dou , Nianzeng Liu , Ziyue Zhao , Sihao Qiu , Renliang Shan
Joints are widely distributed structural defects in rock masses, and their geometric characteristics play a decisive role in the overall stability of rocks under complex stress conditions. To clarify the influence of joint geometry on the mechanical behavior of jointed rock under such conditions, this study investigated the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of composite jointed rock specimens with varying joint roughness and joint dip angles. Three typical failure modes under triaxial loading were identified, and a mechanical analysis model incorporating joint roughness and dip angle was established. The failure mechanism was revealed, and a discrete element model was developed to analyze the micro-damage evolution process of the specimens. The results show that the mechanical parameters of the specimens exhibit pronounced anisotropy. Both the elastic modulus and peak strength reach their minimum values at a joint dip angle of 60°. Increasing joint roughness significantly reduces the degree of anisotropy and enhances the energy storage capacity of the specimens. A strong linear relationship is observed between the elastic strain energy and the peak deviatoric stress, confirming the applicability of the linear energy storage law in composite jointed rocks. Discrete element simulations revealed the evolution path and dominant types of microcracks between the joint and matrix. The joint dip angle governs the transition of dominant crack types from tensile to shear and then back to tensile. Increased joint roughness significantly suppresses damage localization along the joint and results in an approximately 20% increase in the proportion of shear microcracks within the matrix. These findings clarify the regulatory role of joint geometrical parameters in the damage evolution process.
节理是岩体中广泛分布的结构缺陷,其几何特征对复杂应力条件下岩体的整体稳定性起着决定性作用。为了弄清节理几何形状对节理岩石在这种条件下的力学行为的影响,本研究对不同节理粗糙度和节理倾角的复合节理岩石试样的力学特性和破坏机制进行了研究。确定了三轴载荷作用下的三种典型破坏模式,建立了考虑节理粗糙度和倾角的力学分析模型。揭示了试件的破坏机理,建立了离散元模型,分析了试件的微损伤演化过程。结果表明:试样的力学参数表现出明显的各向异性;弹性模量和峰值强度在节理倾角为60°时达到最小值。增大节理粗糙度可显著降低试件的各向异性程度,提高试件的储能能力。弹性应变能与峰值偏应力之间存在较强的线性关系,证实了线性能量存储定律在复合节理岩体中的适用性。离散元模拟揭示了接头与基体间微裂纹的演化路径和主要类型。节理倾角决定了主裂缝类型从拉伸到剪切再回到拉伸的转变。增加的节理粗糙度显著抑制了沿节理的损伤局部化,导致基体内剪切微裂纹的比例增加了约20%。这些发现阐明了节理几何参数在损伤演化过程中的调节作用。
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引用次数: 0
Electric ignition of sandstone fracturing in methane/air premixed gas in coal mines: Novel insights from ignition sources in a goaf 煤矿甲烷/空气预混气中砂岩压裂的电点火:来自采空区火源的新见解
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.09.003
Wei Zhang , Deming Wang , Xuyao Qi , Chenguang Wang , Zhenlu Shao , Haihui Xin , Tengfei Chen , Zhenhai Hou
Gas explosions in coal mine goafs are associated with the roof rock fracturing. An experimental system was established to investigate the potential for electrical ignition induced by sandstone fracturing. The electrical responses, luminescent emissions, and ignition characteristics during tensile and compressive failure of sandstones were analyzed in methane/air premixed gas environments. Results indicate that the application of mechanical loading induces the emergence of electrical signals on rock surfaces and in the surrounding atmosphere. This phenomenon is attributed to the generation, accumulation, and subsequent release of free charges during the deformation and fracture within the sandstone. Compressive failure proved to be more conducive to free charge generation than tensile failure, owing to more crack connections. Furthermore, a precipitous increase in surface and external voltages was observed during complete fracturing, a consequence of electron emission from crack tips within the rock structure. Moreover, the ionization induces luminous emissions owing to the collision of energetic electrons released from gas molecules in methane/air mixtures. A strong positive correlation (R2=0.9429) was identified between luminescence intensity and the magnitude of electrical discharge resulting from rock fracture. Notably, such discharge by rock fracturing can be capable of igniting the premixed gas, particularly when the quartz content exceeds 61%. Piezoelectric effects and crack propagation are crucial mechanisms in the causal chain of the charge generation, discharge, and ionization triggered by rock fractures. Based on the above laboratory results, electric ignition of the transient roof fracturing caused by stress mutations can serve as a new potential ignition source for gas explosions in the goaf. These results offer new insights into the prevention and control of gas explosions.
煤矿采空区瓦斯爆炸与顶板岩石破裂有关。建立了砂岩压裂诱发电点火的实验系统。分析了甲烷/空气预混气环境下砂岩在拉伸和压缩破坏过程中的电响应、发光发射和点火特性。结果表明,机械载荷的施加导致岩石表面和周围大气中出现电信号。这种现象是由于砂岩在变形和破裂过程中自由电荷的产生、积聚和随后的释放所致。压缩破坏比拉伸破坏更有利于自由电荷的产生,因为有更多的裂纹连接。此外,在完全压裂过程中,由于岩石结构中裂纹尖端的电子发射,观察到表面和外部电压急剧增加。此外,由于甲烷/空气混合物中气体分子释放的高能电子的碰撞,电离引起发光发射。岩石断裂放电强度与发光强度呈显著正相关(R2=0.9429)。值得注意的是,这种岩石压裂放电能够点燃预混合气体,特别是当石英含量超过61%时。压电效应和裂纹扩展是岩石断裂引起的电荷产生、放电和电离因果链中的重要机制。基于上述实验结果,应力突变引起的顶板瞬态破裂的电点火可以作为采空区瓦斯爆炸的一个新的潜在点火源。这些结果为瓦斯爆炸的预防和控制提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Electric ignition of sandstone fracturing in methane/air premixed gas in coal mines: Novel insights from ignition sources in a goaf","authors":"Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Deming Wang ,&nbsp;Xuyao Qi ,&nbsp;Chenguang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenlu Shao ,&nbsp;Haihui Xin ,&nbsp;Tengfei Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenhai Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas explosions in coal mine goafs are associated with the roof rock fracturing. An experimental system was established to investigate the potential for electrical ignition induced by sandstone fracturing. The electrical responses, luminescent emissions, and ignition characteristics during tensile and compressive failure of sandstones were analyzed in methane/air premixed gas environments. Results indicate that the application of mechanical loading induces the emergence of electrical signals on rock surfaces and in the surrounding atmosphere. This phenomenon is attributed to the generation, accumulation, and subsequent release of free charges during the deformation and fracture within the sandstone. Compressive failure proved to be more conducive to free charge generation than tensile failure, owing to more crack connections. Furthermore, a precipitous increase in surface and external voltages was observed during complete fracturing, a consequence of electron emission from crack tips within the rock structure. Moreover, the ionization induces luminous emissions owing to the collision of energetic electrons released from gas molecules in methane/air mixtures. A strong positive correlation (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>=0.9429) was identified between luminescence intensity and the magnitude of electrical discharge resulting from rock fracture. Notably, such discharge by rock fracturing can be capable of igniting the premixed gas, particularly when the quartz content exceeds 61%. Piezoelectric effects and crack propagation are crucial mechanisms in the causal chain of the charge generation, discharge, and ionization triggered by rock fractures. Based on the above laboratory results, electric ignition of the transient roof fracturing caused by stress mutations can serve as a new potential ignition source for gas explosions in the goaf. These results offer new insights into the prevention and control of gas explosions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 1677-1693"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anisotropy of laser-induced electro-response in shale: Modelling and experimental validation 页岩中激光诱导电响应的各向异性:建模和实验验证
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.015
Xuecong Liu, Zhengchun Hong, Yuqi Jiao, Kun Zhao, Xinyang Miao
Laser-induced electro-response (LIER), as a new method that complements conventional rock physics testing techniques, is expected to address issues such as of unclear mechanisms, model deficiency, inconsistent evaluation parameters, and difficulty in separating multiple coupling factors in shale anisotropy evaluation, and establish a more complete and reliable shale physical property evaluation system. A testing strategy for out of plane anisotropy (OPA) was proposed for characterising anisotropy by LIER, where the near infrared (NIR) continuous laser (CL) and nanosecond pulsed laser (PL) were used to irradiate the surface of oblique cut shale, and the transverse LIER of the surface was measured. A LIER detection model is constructed from the laser-thermal effect, residual transverse polarization electric field and thermionic emission transport mechanism, which is strongly relying on laser power, bias voltage, and inclination angle of the measurement direction relative to the bedding plane of shale. For OPA test on the slice of oblique cut shale under CL irradiation, the relationship between the product of LIER simulation parameters and the tilting angle can be described by a cubic function and an impulse function with a maximum value at the threshold angle. In addition, the thermal accumulation and transient thermal effects are induced in the shale under a high-energy short laser pulse irradiation, and the simulation results indicate that there is an exponential relationship between the product of parameters in the LIER model and the tilt angle. Thus, for OPA test under CL and PL irradiations, it is recommended to use the product of parameters as an evaluation index for shale anisotropy. Furthermore, to solve the problem of multiple influencing factors entangled in the exponential term of the LIER model, the tangential LIER measurement was performed on the side of cylindrical shale core, where the provided LIER model effectively presented the anisotropy of tight shale plug, especially the effects of bias voltage and laser power on LIER were relatively separated as independent variables. Finally, the LIER at the end of laser drilling is presented well using the optimized model under a focused ns NIR PL irradiation, indicating that LIER is expected to be a real-time means for characterizing shale anisotropy during laser drilling processes. These results show that the present work is fundamental for the precise evaluation and effective development of anisotropic shale reservoirs, and will drive the advances of LIER in the exploration for shale oil and gas.
激光诱导电响应(LIER)作为一种补充常规岩石物理测试技术的新方法,有望解决页岩各向异性评价中存在的机理不清、模型不足、评价参数不一致、多重耦合因素难以分离等问题,建立更完整、可靠的页岩物性评价体系。提出了一种面外各向异性(OPA)测试策略,利用近红外(NIR)连续激光(CL)和纳秒脉冲激光(PL)照射斜切页岩表面,测量表面横向的各向异性。从激光热效应、残余横向极化电场和热离子发射输运机理出发,构建了激光热效应探测模型,该模型强烈依赖于激光功率、偏置电压和测量方向相对于页岩层理平面的倾角。对于CL照射下斜切页岩切片的OPA试验,LIER模拟参数的乘积与倾斜角度之间的关系可以用三次函数和脉冲函数来描述,脉冲函数在阈值角处有最大值。此外,在高能短激光脉冲照射下,页岩中产生了热积累和瞬态热效应,模拟结果表明,LIER模型参数乘积与倾角呈指数关系。因此,对于CL和PL照射下的OPA测试,建议使用参数乘积作为页岩各向异性的评价指标。此外,为了解决多个影响因素在LIER模型指数项中纠缠的问题,在圆柱形页岩岩心侧面进行了切向LIER测量,所提供的LIER模型有效地反映了致密页岩岩心的各向异性,特别是偏压和激光功率对LIER的影响作为自变量相对分离。最后,在聚焦NIR PL照射下,优化模型很好地展示了激光钻井结束时的LIER,这表明LIER有望成为激光钻井过程中表征页岩各向异性的实时手段。研究结果表明,本研究为各向异性页岩储层的准确评价和有效开发奠定了基础,并将推动LIER在页岩油气勘探领域的发展。
{"title":"Anisotropy of laser-induced electro-response in shale: Modelling and experimental validation","authors":"Xuecong Liu,&nbsp;Zhengchun Hong,&nbsp;Yuqi Jiao,&nbsp;Kun Zhao,&nbsp;Xinyang Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-induced electro-response (LIER), as a new method that complements conventional rock physics testing techniques, is expected to address issues such as of unclear mechanisms, model deficiency, inconsistent evaluation parameters, and difficulty in separating multiple coupling factors in shale anisotropy evaluation, and establish a more complete and reliable shale physical property evaluation system. A testing strategy for out of plane anisotropy (OPA) was proposed for characterising anisotropy by LIER, where the near infrared (NIR) continuous laser (CL) and nanosecond pulsed laser (PL) were used to irradiate the surface of oblique cut shale, and the transverse LIER of the surface was measured. A LIER detection model is constructed from the laser-thermal effect, residual transverse polarization electric field and thermionic emission transport mechanism, which is strongly relying on laser power, bias voltage, and inclination angle of the measurement direction relative to the bedding plane of shale. For OPA test on the slice of oblique cut shale under CL irradiation, the relationship between the product of LIER simulation parameters and the tilting angle can be described by a cubic function and an impulse function with a maximum value at the threshold angle. In addition, the thermal accumulation and transient thermal effects are induced in the shale under a high-energy short laser pulse irradiation, and the simulation results indicate that there is an exponential relationship between the product of parameters in the LIER model and the tilt angle. Thus, for OPA test under CL and PL irradiations, it is recommended to use the product of parameters as an evaluation index for shale anisotropy. Furthermore, to solve the problem of multiple influencing factors entangled in the exponential term of the LIER model, the tangential LIER measurement was performed on the side of cylindrical shale core, where the provided LIER model effectively presented the anisotropy of tight shale plug, especially the effects of bias voltage and laser power on LIER were relatively separated as independent variables. Finally, the LIER at the end of laser drilling is presented well using the optimized model under a focused ns NIR PL irradiation, indicating that LIER is expected to be a real-time means for characterizing shale anisotropy during laser drilling processes. These results show that the present work is fundamental for the precise evaluation and effective development of anisotropic shale reservoirs, and will drive the advances of LIER in the exploration for shale oil and gas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"35 10","pages":"Pages 1663-1676"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reverse floc-flotation of talc from chalcopyrite by using polyvinyl acetate as a flocculant: Adsorption and bubble capture studies 以聚醋酸乙烯为絮凝剂反絮凝浮选黄铜矿中的滑石:吸附和气泡捕获研究
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.016
Yu Xie , Wanzhong Yin , Qi Liu , Daowei Wang , Wenju Sun
Chalcopyrite is often intergrown with talc, which, after grinding, forms ultrafine particles (<10 μm) that readily coat chalcopyrite surfaces, hindering flotation and causing significant losses in tailings. This study evaluates polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), a thermoplastic polymer, as a selective flocculant to enhance reverse flot ation separation of chalcopyrite from ultrafine talc. Flotation tests showed that at a PVAc dosage of 40  mg/L, talc can be effectively and selectively removed, enabling efficient separation. Laser particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) confirmed that PVAc promotes selective talc aggregation without affecting chalcopyrite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that hydrogen bonding between PVAc ester groups and surface hydroxyls on talc drives the flocculation, while chalcopyrite lacks suitable binding sites. PVAc adsorption also enhances talc hydrophobicity. Furthermore, particle-bubble coverage angle measurements and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory theoretical calculations demonstrated that PVAc-induced flocculation increases attractive interactions between talc and bubbles, shifting the total interaction energy from repulsive to attractive and promoting bubble-particle attachment. This study clarifies the selective adsorption and flocculation mechanisms of PVAc and reveals the coupling of flocculation and flotation of ultrafine talc from a particle-bubble capture perspective, while expanding the potential of ester-based polymers for ultrafine mineral recovery.
黄铜矿常与滑石共生,滑石磨矿后形成10 μm的超细颗粒,极易包裹黄铜矿表面,阻碍浮选,造成尾矿损失较大。研究了热塑性聚合物聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)作为选择性絮凝剂对黄铜矿与超细滑石的反浮选分离效果。浮选试验表明,在PVAc用量为40 mg/L的条件下,滑石可被有效选择性脱除,实现了高效分离。激光粒度分析和扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)证实,PVAc促进滑石选择性聚集,但不影响黄铜矿。x射线光电子能谱(XPS)和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算表明,滑石上的PVAc酯基与表面羟基之间的氢键驱动了絮凝作用,而黄铜矿缺乏合适的结合位点。PVAc的吸附也增强了滑石的疏水性。此外,粒子-气泡覆盖角测量和扩展的Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO)理论计算表明,pvac诱导的絮凝增加了滑石粉与气泡之间的吸引相互作用,将总相互作用能从排斥转化为吸引,促进了气泡-粒子的吸附。本研究阐明了PVAc的选择性吸附和絮凝机理,从颗粒泡捕获的角度揭示了超细滑石絮凝与浮选的耦合作用,同时拓展了酯基聚合物在超细矿物回收中的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
A nonlinear hydraulic fracture propagation criterion considering the fracture process zone 考虑断裂过程区的非线性水力裂缝扩展准则
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.09.007
Senlin Luo , Guangqing Zhang , Yansen Ling , Jinmiao Tan , Renyi Qiu , Bin Sun
The linear elastic hydraulic fracture criterion is not applicable to deep reservoirs when nonlinear behavior is present over an extensive zone at the fracture tip. This study aims to develop a criterion for nonlinear hydraulic fracture considering the fracture process zone (FPZ) and seeks to reveal the causes of nonlinearity during fracture propagation in deep reservoirs. A closing stress profile considering the in-situ stress was established by using the cohesive zone model (CZM) to describe the FPZ at the fracture tip. An analytical model for the FPZ length was derived, while the criterion for nonlinear fracture propagation was proposed. The FPZ fully developed and the fracture began to propagate when the apparent stress intensity at the fracture tip reached the apparent fracture toughness or when the in-situ stress intensity reached the in-situ fracture toughness. The proposed criterion can clearly determine the length of the FPZ, accurately predict the breakdown pressure during fracturing operations, and establish a relationship between these two parameters. It addresses the inherent limitations of conventional linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), which often underestimates fracture toughness and neglects the effects of the FPZ. This research is expected to enhance the fracturing design in deep reservoirs.
线弹性水力裂缝准则不适用于深部储层,当裂缝尖端大面积区域存在非线性行为时。本研究旨在建立考虑裂缝过程带(FPZ)的非线性水力裂缝判据,揭示深层储层裂缝扩展过程中非线性的成因。利用内聚带模型(CZM)建立了考虑地应力的闭合应力剖面,对裂缝尖端的弹性区进行了描述。推导了FPZ长度的解析模型,提出了非线性断裂扩展准则。当断口尖端的视应力强度达到视断裂韧性或地应力强度达到原位断裂韧性时,FPZ充分发育,裂缝开始扩展。该准则可以清晰地确定FPZ的长度,准确地预测压裂作业中的破裂压力,并建立这两个参数之间的关系。它解决了传统线弹性断裂力学(LEFM)的固有局限性,即通常低估断裂韧性并忽略FPZ的影响。该研究对提高深部储层压裂设计具有一定的指导意义。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative characterization of fracture surface undulations and gas-guiding patterns in fractured rocks under steady loading 稳定载荷作用下裂隙岩石裂隙面波动与导气模式的定量表征
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.08.017
Zihan Chen , Quanle Zou , Feixiang Lv , Qican Ran , Xiaoyan Sun , Xianwei Heng
Fractures in rock strata serve as flow pathways for gas flow. The undulation of fracture channels can influence the guidance of gas flow. In this context, four-point bending experiments on prefabricated fractured rocks at different angles under stable stepped loading stress. The experiment results clarified the evolutionary law that the undulation degree of the rock tensile fracture surface is separated by an initial fracture angle of 45°. The high undulation intervals were less than 45°, whereas the low undulation intervals were more than 45°. Furthermore, the relative undulation degree, undulation frequency, and matching degree of the fracture surface were quantified. The relationship between the change in fracture surface undulation and gas flow guidance was established. Based on this, the stability, tortuosity, and uniformity of the gas flow in the fracture channel were quantitatively characterized. Subsequently, numerical models of the fracture channels were constructed to validate the indices proposed in this study. The results of the study clarified the influence of different initial fracture angles on the undulation changes of fracture surfaces, and established the relationship between these changes and gas flow, which is conducive to understanding the role of internal fracture channels in rocks in guiding the gas flow process.
岩层中的裂缝是气体流动的通道。裂缝通道的波动会影响气流的导向。在此背景下,对预制裂隙岩石在稳定阶跃加载应力下不同角度的四点弯曲进行了试验研究。实验结果阐明了岩石受拉裂隙面波动度以45°初始破裂角分离的演化规律。高波动区间小于45°,低波动区间大于45°。并对裂缝表面的相对波动度、波动频率和匹配度进行了量化。建立了裂缝面波动变化与气体导流的关系。在此基础上,定量表征了裂缝通道内气体流动的稳定性、弯曲性和均匀性。随后,建立了裂缝通道的数值模型,对本文提出的指标进行了验证。研究结果阐明了不同初始裂缝角度对裂缝表面波动变化的影响,并建立了这些变化与气体流动的关系,有助于理解岩石内部裂缝通道对气体流动过程的引导作用。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation of anisotropy ratio evolution in coal permeability: Implications for underground compressed air energy and CO2 storage 煤渗透率各向异性比值演化的实验研究:对地下压缩空气能量和CO2储存的启示
IF 13.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2025.09.006
Tiancheng Zhang , Luwei Ding , Jimmy Xuekai Li , Yiran Zhu , Victor Rudolph , Zhongwei Chen
Reliable forecasting of coal seam gas production and gas injectivity (e.g., CO2 or air) requires an accurate understanding of coal’s anisotropic permeability, which governs the directional flow of gas. Although the anisotropic nature of coal permeability is well recognized, little attention has been paid to how this ratio evolves with changes in effective stress or with the injection of gases that have different affinities to coal. In this work, more than 600 permeability tests were conducted on eight cubic Australian coal samples using He, N2 and CO2 gases under varying effective stresses, providing a comprehensive dataset that allows the combined effects of effective stress and gas adsorption on permeability anisotropy to be robustly assessed on the same samples. The results demonstrated that all coal samples exhibited evident permeability anisotropy, with ratios ranging from 1.11 to 6.55. For the first time, quantitative relationships between the anisotropy ratio, effective stress, and initial permeability were established for each of the three injection gases, highlighting how gas adsorption and effective stress changes both anisotropic permeability magnitude and ratio. These findings provide new insights into the directional flow behavior of gases in coal seams, with implications for underground compressed air energy storage and CO2 sequestration.
可靠地预测煤层瓦斯产量和瓦斯注入(如CO2或空气)需要准确地了解煤的各向异性渗透率,这决定了气体的方向流动。虽然煤渗透率的各向异性已经得到了很好的认识,但很少有人注意到这一比率如何随着有效应力的变化或与煤具有不同亲和力的气体的注入而变化。在这项工作中,使用不同有效应力下的He、N2和CO2气体对8立方澳大利亚煤样品进行了600多次渗透率测试,提供了一个全面的数据集,可以在相同的样品上可靠地评估有效应力和气体吸附对渗透率各向异性的综合影响。结果表明,所有煤样均表现出明显的渗透率各向异性,渗透率各向异性比值在1.11 ~ 6.55之间。首次建立了三种注入气体各向异性渗透率比、有效应力和初始渗透率之间的定量关系,突出了气体吸附和有效应力对各向异性渗透率大小和渗透率比的影响。这些发现为煤层中气体的定向流动行为提供了新的见解,对地下压缩空气储能和二氧化碳封存具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology
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