G. Ribeiro, R. Gruninger, A. Badhan, T. McAllister
{"title":"Mining the rumen for fibrolytic feed enzymes","authors":"G. Ribeiro, R. Gruninger, A. Badhan, T. McAllister","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68979213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The nasopharyngeal microbiota in feedlot cattle and its role in respiratory health","authors":"E. Timsit, D. Holman, J. Hallewell, T. Alexander","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68978957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Khafipour, S. Li, H. Tun, H. Derakhshani, S. Moossavi, J. Plaizier
{"title":"Effects of grain feeding on microbiota in the digestive tract of cattle","authors":"E. Khafipour, S. Li, H. Tun, H. Derakhshani, S. Moossavi, J. Plaizier","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68979196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genomic selection in commercial pig breeding","authors":"E. Knol, B. Nielsen, P. Knap","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68976165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Society of Animal Science News","authors":"J. Doe","doi":"10.2527/af.2016-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/af.2016-0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/af.2016-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68978424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Canadian Society of Animal Science News","authors":"J. Doe","doi":"10.2527/af.2016-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/af.2016-0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68979485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to review the framework of equine genomic research and innovation and the implementation status of genomic applications for different groups of traits and populations as well as their pro-spective development in horse breeding. Potential implications for future horse breeding schemes will be discussed, with a focus on sport horses.
{"title":"Genomic applications in horse breeding","authors":"K. Stock, L. Jönsson, A. Ricard, T. Mark","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0007","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to review the framework of equine genomic research and innovation and the implementation status of genomic applications for different groups of traits and populations as well as their pro-spective development in horse breeding. Potential implications for future horse breeding schemes will be discussed, with a focus on sport horses.","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68976863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Implications Metabolomics is the emerging field of metabolome analysis that identify, quantify, and characterize a large number of metabolites in biological samples (e.g., milk, plasma, and serum), providing interesting insights into the so called intermediate phenotypes that lie in the middle between the genomic space (or level) and the final or external phenotypes, that in livestock might be production traits such as growth rate, milk production, fat deposition, and other economic relevant traits. • Metabolomics applied to animal breeding might become a cornerstone of the “next generation phenotyping” approaches that are needed to refine and improve trait description and, in turn, to improve prediction of the breeding values of the animals to cope with traditional and new objectives of the selection programs. • Integration of metabolomics with livestock genomics has been presented in just few studies with promising perspectives. • Genome-wide association studies with metabotypes (mGWAS) described thus far in cattle and pigs have linked genomic variability with metabotype levels in relevant biofluids. • Network reconstruction methodologies based on systems genetics concepts have been applied to disentangle the complexity of metabolomics information and linking metabolomics with other omics data. • New and conventional traits and related genetic architecture could be better defined using metabotypes opening opportunities for novel applications in animal breeding.
{"title":"Metabolomics and livestock genomics: Insights into a phenotyping frontier and its applications in animal breeding","authors":"L. Fontanesi","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Implications Metabolomics is the emerging field of metabolome analysis that identify, quantify, and characterize a large number of metabolites in biological samples (e.g., milk, plasma, and serum), providing interesting insights into the so called intermediate phenotypes that lie in the middle between the genomic space (or level) and the final or external phenotypes, that in livestock might be production traits such as growth rate, milk production, fat deposition, and other economic relevant traits. • Metabolomics applied to animal breeding might become a cornerstone of the “next generation phenotyping” approaches that are needed to refine and improve trait description and, in turn, to improve prediction of the breeding values of the animals to cope with traditional and new objectives of the selection programs. • Integration of metabolomics with livestock genomics has been presented in just few studies with promising perspectives. • Genome-wide association studies with metabotypes (mGWAS) described thus far in cattle and pigs have linked genomic variability with metabotype levels in relevant biofluids. • Network reconstruction methodologies based on systems genetics concepts have been applied to disentangle the complexity of metabolomics information and linking metabolomics with other omics data. • New and conventional traits and related genetic architecture could be better defined using metabotypes opening opportunities for novel applications in animal breeding.","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68977756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From the Editors: Animal breeding in the genomics era","authors":"N. Ibáñez-Escriche, H. Simianer","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68975292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
• Traditional marker-assisted selection (MAS) did not result in a widespread use of DNA information in animal breeding. The main reason was that the traits of interest in livestock production were much more complex than expected: they were determined by thousands of genes with small effects on phenotype. These effects were usually too small to be statistically significant and so were ignored. • Genomic selection (GS) assumes that all markers might be linked to a gene affecting the trait and concentrates on estimating their effect rather than testing its significance. Three technological breakthroughs resulted in the current wide-spread use of DNA information in animal breeding: the development of the genomic selection technology, the discovery of massive numbers of genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs), and high-throughput technology to genotype animals for (hundreds of) thousands of SNPs in a cost-effective manner. • Here we review current methods for GS, including how they deal with practical data, where genotypes are missing on a large scale. The use of whole-genome sequence data is anticipated, and its advantages and disadvantages are depicted. Current and predicted future impacts of GS on dairy and beef cattle, pigs, and poultry breeding are described. Finally, future directions for GS are discussed. • It is anticipated that future GS applications will either be: within breed (wbGS), where accuracy is obtained by maintaining huge withinbreed reference populations; or across breed (abGS) where accuracy is obtained from across-breed reference populations and high-density GS methods that focus on causative genomic regions. We argue that future GS applications will increasingly turn toward abGS.
{"title":"Genomic selection: A paradigm shift in animal breeding","authors":"T. Meuwissen, B. Hayes, M. Goddard","doi":"10.2527/AF.2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"• Traditional marker-assisted selection (MAS) did not result in a widespread use of DNA information in animal breeding. The main reason was that the traits of interest in livestock production were much more complex than expected: they were determined by thousands of genes with small effects on phenotype. These effects were usually too small to be statistically significant and so were ignored. • Genomic selection (GS) assumes that all markers might be linked to a gene affecting the trait and concentrates on estimating their effect rather than testing its significance. Three technological breakthroughs resulted in the current wide-spread use of DNA information in animal breeding: the development of the genomic selection technology, the discovery of massive numbers of genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs), and high-throughput technology to genotype animals for (hundreds of) thousands of SNPs in a cost-effective manner. • Here we review current methods for GS, including how they deal with practical data, where genotypes are missing on a large scale. The use of whole-genome sequence data is anticipated, and its advantages and disadvantages are depicted. Current and predicted future impacts of GS on dairy and beef cattle, pigs, and poultry breeding are described. Finally, future directions for GS are discussed. • It is anticipated that future GS applications will either be: within breed (wbGS), where accuracy is obtained by maintaining huge withinbreed reference populations; or across breed (abGS) where accuracy is obtained from across-breed reference populations and high-density GS methods that focus on causative genomic regions. We argue that future GS applications will increasingly turn toward abGS.","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2016-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68975429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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