Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献_第3页

Modeling the evolution of community structure by the dynamic network analysis: Sustainability transition in Kyoto Eco-School Districts, Japan 通过动态网络分析建立社区结构演变模型：日本京都生态学校区的可持续性转型

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105965

Ziyi Xu , Yerim Yang , Hiroki Nakajima , Takuo Inoue , Hideki Koizumi

Sustainability transition increasingly relies on local institutional settings and community-based efforts where local agencies play pivotal roles. A significant gap lies in understanding the dynamic interplay among community-based organizations over time that shape evolving strategic collaborations in different stages to drive local institutional change. This study adopts a dynamic network approach to map the evolving community structure, identify key organizations, and detect collaboration patterns among local actors by the case study of Kyoto, Japan. Furthermore, it explores the influence of significant events and policies on the network evolution. The study uncovers three main findings. Firstly, a three-stage evolution of the local network is concluded that presents incremental change towards an expanding, decentralized community structure, forming collaborative governance. Secondly, five collaboration patterns and their dynamics are revealed, reflecting evolving strategic alliances that play different roles in leveraging resources throughout the process. Thirdly, the effects of policies and events on the network are well reflected and explained through matching the time series data. The Kyoto case uncovers hidden community dynamics that illuminate local pathways to sustainable practices, offering guidance for policymaking and practices that resonate more broadly with globally relevant contexts.

可持续性转型越来越依赖于地方机构设置和以社区为基础的努力，而地方机构在其中发挥着举足轻重的作用。在理解社区组织之间随着时间的推移而产生的动态相互作用方面存在重大差距，这种相互作用在不同阶段形成了不断演变的战略合作，从而推动了地方机构的变革。本研究通过对日本京都的案例研究，采用动态网络方法绘制不断演变的社区结构图，识别关键组织，并发现地方参与者之间的合作模式。此外，研究还探讨了重大事件和政策对网络演变的影响。研究发现了三个主要结论。首先，总结出地方网络演变的三个阶段，呈现出向不断扩大、分散的社区结构的渐进变化，形成了协作治理。其次，揭示了五种合作模式及其动态，反映了不断演变的战略联盟，它们在整个过程中发挥着不同的资源杠杆作用。第三，通过时间序列数据的匹配，很好地反映和解释了政策和事件对网络的影响。京都案例揭示了隐藏的社区动态，阐明了当地实现可持续实践的途径，为政策制定和实践提供了指导，并在全球相关背景下产生了更广泛的共鸣。

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引用次数: 0

A novel construction and evaluation framework for driving cycle of electric vehicles based on energy consumption and emission analysis 基于能耗和排放分析的新型电动汽车驾驶周期构建与评估框架

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105951

Jianhua Guo, Dong Xie, Yu Jiang, Yue Li

The driving cycle (DC) is essential for establishing vehicle emission standards, transportation policies, and urban planning. However, existing driving cycles demonstrate poor representativeness and excessive randomness due to the insufficient capture of driving characteristics. Therefore, a novel framework for constructing and evaluating driving cycles of electric vehicles (EVs) based on energy consumption and emissions analysis is proposed to enhance the representativeness of the constructed driving cycles. First, based on road information, an improved dual-chain Markov chain method combined with the self-organizing mapping (SOM) neural network is introduced for clustering and constructing driving cycles. Subsequently, a double-layer evaluation model oriented towards energy consumption and emissions is established through a combination of model-driven and data-driven approaches to select a representative driving cycle (RDC). Finally, comparative experiments are conducted to evaluate the feasibility and scientific validity of the proposed method in multiple dimensions. The results indicate that the driving cycle constructed in this study demonstrates excellent representativeness, with an emission error of 2.04% and a comprehensive characterization parameter (CCP) value of 0.097. This study emphasizes the necessity of incorporating reasonable constraints in the driving cycle construction. This improved representativeness provides a reliable foundation for electric vehicle design and transportation policy development.

驾驶循环（DC）对于制定车辆排放标准、交通政策和城市规划至关重要。然而，现有的驾驶循环由于对驾驶特征的捕捉不足，表现出代表性差、随机性过大等问题。因此，本文提出了一种基于能耗和排放分析的新型电动汽车（EV）驾驶循环构建和评估框架，以增强所构建的驾驶循环的代表性。首先，基于道路信息，引入改进的双链马尔可夫链方法，结合自组织映射（SOM）神经网络，对驾驶周期进行聚类和构建。随后，通过模型驱动和数据驱动相结合的方法，建立了以能耗和排放为导向的双层评价模型，以选择具有代表性的驾驶循环（RDC）。最后，通过对比实验从多个维度评价了所提方法的可行性和科学性。结果表明，本研究构建的驾驶循环具有出色的代表性，排放误差为 2.04%，综合表征参数（CCP）值为 0.097。这项研究强调了在构建驾驶循环时加入合理约束的必要性。代表性的提高为电动汽车设计和交通政策制定提供了可靠的基础。

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引用次数: 0

The mitigating effect of green Space's spatial and temporal patterns on the urban heat island in the context of urban densification: A case study of Xi'an 城市密集化背景下绿色空间的时空格局对城市热岛的缓解作用：西安案例研究

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105974

Zhaowen Xu , Jin Rui

Growing evidence highlights a strong link between urban densification and urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, there is a lack of research on time-based analyses of urban green space spatial patterns using urban densification indices to mitigate UHI effects. Addressing this gap, this study focuses on the central district of Xi'an, utilizing urban density data, MODIS LST products, and Landsat series imagery. The Coordination Coupling Degree Model (CCDM) is applied to longitudinally assess the mitigating effects of urban green space spatial patterns on UHI under different scales of spatial densification. The CCDM results show a significant overall improvement in the coordination coupling degree between green space spatial indices and LST in Xi'an's central district from 2013 to 2023. However, variations across administrative districts suggest that regional planning policies have differentially influenced green space patterns and UHI effects over time. Furthermore, a global negative correlation between the urban densification index and changes in the coordination coupling degree indicates that continued urbanization in Xi'an's central district could exacerbate the urban thermal environment. This study provides valuable insights into green space planning and UHI mitigation strategies in the context of urban densification.

越来越多的证据表明，城市密集化与城市热岛效应之间存在密切联系。然而，利用城市密度指数对城市绿地空间模式进行基于时间的分析以缓解 UHI 效应的研究却十分缺乏。针对这一空白，本研究利用城市密度数据、MODIS LST 产品和 Landsat 系列图像，以西安市中心区为研究对象。应用协调耦合度模型（CCDM）纵向评估了不同空间密度尺度下城市绿地空间格局对 UHI 的减缓效应。CCDM结果表明，从2013年到2023年，西安市中心区绿地空间指数与LST之间的协调耦合度总体上有显著提高。然而，不同行政区之间的差异表明，区域规划政策随着时间的推移对绿地格局和 UHI 效应产生了不同程度的影响。此外，城市密度指数与协调耦合度变化之间的整体负相关关系表明，西安市中心区的持续城市化可能会加剧城市热环境。这项研究为城市高密度化背景下的绿地规划和减缓 UHI 战略提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Block-level spatial integration of population density, social vulnerability, and heavy precipitation reveals intensified urban flooding risk 人口密度、社会脆弱性和强降水的街区级空间整合揭示了城市洪水风险的加剧

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105984

Jiali Zhu , Weiqi Zhou , Wenjuan YU , Weimin Wang

Under the context of global warming and rapid urbanization, cities worldwide confront the pressing problem of urban waterlogging, hindering progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. Effective planning and mitigation of urban flooding require a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall and risk heterogeneity. However, evaluating urban water-logging risk is challenged by the need for city-scale hydrological simulation and generally lacks comprehensive metrics integrating fine-scale datasets. To address these gaps, we developed a simulation method for urban flood hazards by integrating hydrological models and Random Forest algorithms. We then took Shenzhen, a megacity in China, as a case study, and investigated the spatial patterns of urban flooding risk and its determinants at the block level based on the risk assessment framework represented by Hazards-Exposure-Vulnerability (H-E-V) dimensions. We found that socio-economic indicators exhibited spatial clustering, while hazard-related indicators displayed more dispersed patterns. High-risk areas exhibited a highly heterogeneous spatial pattern, predominantly influenced by vulnerability and exposure factors, as well as the spatial mismatch among the three dimensions. Our results emphasize the importance of integrating spatial heterogeneity of exposure and vulnerability into climate adaptation resource allocation, addressing both current and future demands for effective climate mitigation.

在全球变暖和快速城市化的背景下，世界各地的城市都面临着紧迫的城市内涝问题，这阻碍了可持续发展目标的实现。要有效规划和缓解城市内涝，就必须全面了解降雨的时空模式和风险异质性。然而，由于需要进行城市尺度的水文模拟，对城市内涝风险的评估面临挑战，而且普遍缺乏整合精细尺度数据集的综合指标。为了弥补这些不足，我们通过整合水文模型和随机森林算法，开发了一种城市洪涝灾害模拟方法。然后，我们以中国特大城市深圳为例，基于以危害-暴露-脆弱性（H-E-V）维度为代表的风险评估框架，在街区层面研究了城市洪水风险的空间模式及其决定因素。我们发现，社会经济指标表现出空间集聚性，而与危害相关的指标则表现出更为分散的模式。高风险地区表现出高度异质性的空间模式，主要受到脆弱性和暴露因素以及三个维度之间空间不匹配的影响。我们的研究结果强调了将风险暴露和脆弱性的空间异质性纳入气候适应资源分配的重要性，以满足当前和未来有效减缓气候变化的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Data augmented planning: A data-driven approach to measuring-understanding-optimizing green justice across 263 Chinese cities 数据增强规划：用数据驱动的方法衡量、理解和优化中国 263 个城市的绿色正义

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105981

Yutian Lu , Alessandro Rigolon , Steve Carver , Jiayu Wu

Urban Green Spaces (UGS) are pivotal in fostering sustainable urban environments, with disparities in access to UGS raising concerns about 'green justice'. Existing research often focuses on the socioeconomic influences on green justice, overlooking the role of urban green planning and design. To address this, we evaluated green justice levels across 263 Chinese cities using extensive geospatial data and explainable machine learning techniques. Our findings highlight a significant relationship between the planar configuration of UGS and green justice. Notably, these associations are non-linear, showing threshold effects where certain UGS characteristics beyond specific values can adversely affect green justice. The study also identifies interaction effects among these spatial characteristics. Our results offer practical guidelines for urban planning to enhance green justice, especially in China's large cities. Recommendations include optimizing green space morphology and proximity, and reconfiguring the layout of various green spaces. This research provides valuable insights and strategies for promoting green justice, particularly in densely populated cities in developing nations like China.

城市绿地（UGS）在促进城市环境的可持续发展方面发挥着关键作用，而在获取城市绿地方面存在的差异引发了人们对 "绿色正义 "的关注。现有研究通常关注社会经济因素对绿色公正的影响，而忽视了城市绿化规划和设计的作用。为此，我们利用大量地理空间数据和可解释的机器学习技术，对中国 263 个城市的绿色公正水平进行了评估。我们的研究结果表明，城市总体规划和设计的平面布局与绿色公正之间存在重要关系。值得注意的是，这些关系是非线性的，显示出阈值效应，即某些 UGS 特征超过特定值会对绿色公正产生不利影响。研究还发现了这些空间特征之间的交互效应。我们的研究结果为城市规划提供了切实可行的指导，以加强绿色公正，尤其是在中国的大城市。这些建议包括优化绿地形态和邻近性，以及重新配置各种绿地的布局。这项研究为促进绿色公正提供了宝贵的见解和策略，尤其是在中国这样人口稠密的发展中国家城市。

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引用次数: 0

Can transportation networks contribute to the sustainable development of urban agglomeration spatial structures? 交通网络能否促进城市群空间结构的可持续发展？

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105983

Xueqing Sun , Pengcheng Xiang , Dong Ngoduy , Hongjun Sui , Bo Zhang

The advancements in global urbanisation have significantly elevated the configuration of transportation networks for the sustainable development of urban agglomeration spatial structures (UASS). Using a comprehensive panel dataset covering 140 counties and districts in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle from 2014 to 2023, this study empirically examines the impact of transportation networks on the sustainability of UASS. It elucidates the underlying mechanisms using spatial Durbin, spatial spillover and multiple mediation effect models. The findings reveal that transportation networks considerably enhance the sustainability of UASS and generate substantial positive spatial spillover effects. The decay boundary of the spatial spillover effects exhibits a transition from positive to negative, eventually approaching ineffectiveness. The heterogeneity analysis indicates significant variations in terms of transportation network expansion and regional functional division on the sustainability of UASS across regions with various levels of economic development. This outcome suggests that regional development policies should carefully consider regional economic development disparities. The mechanism analysis further reveals that transportation networks enable the sustainability of UASS by accelerating regional hierarchical systems and regional connectivity.

全球城市化进程的推进极大地提升了交通网络配置对城市群空间结构（UASS）可持续发展的影响。本研究利用 2014 年至 2023 年成渝经济圈 140 个区县的综合面板数据集，实证检验了交通网络对城市群空间结构可持续发展的影响。研究利用空间杜宾模型、空间溢出模型和多重中介效应模型阐明了其内在机制。研究结果表明，交通网络大大增强了大规模杀伤性武器系统的可持续性，并产生了巨大的正空间溢出效应。空间溢出效应的衰减边界呈现出从正向到负向的过渡，最终接近无效。异质性分析表明，在不同经济发展水平的地区，交通网络的扩张和区域功能分区对大规模杀伤性武器系统可持续性的影响存在显著差异。这一结果表明，区域发展政策应认真考虑区域经济发展差异。机制分析进一步揭示，交通网络通过加速区域分层系统和区域连通性，实现了城市加速系统的可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Does every public open space (POS) contribute to sustainable city development? An assessment of inefficient POS in Beijing 每个公共开放空间（POS）都有助于城市可持续发展吗？对北京低效公共开放空间的评估

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105980

Xiaoyang Dong , Xiuyuan Zhang , Yi Jing , Qi Zhou , Lubin Bai , Shihong Du

Public open space (POS) plays a crucial role in influencing the urban environment, ecology, public health, and economic vitality. However, not every POS is being efficiently utilized, while the inefficient POSs occupy large areas and can negatively affect socio-economic development, thus posing a threat to sustainable city development. Existing studies evaluate POSs solely based on benefit outcomes, but ignore POS functional types and contextual environments. To address this issue, a categorized, integrated, and relative evaluation method, i.e., utilization efficiency (UE), is proposed to identify inefficient POSs, where essentially measures the ratio from benefit outcome to resource occupation of each POS. We firstly classify POSs into five types by considering their core functions, then measure their UEs to extract efficient and inefficient POS, and finally visualize key causes of different types of POS. Our results reveal 3,138 inefficient out of 10,943 POSs in Beijing, and show the inefficient POSs that are concentrated in the southern Beijing and northern regions between the 5th and 6th ring roads, mainly affected by local population density and environmental resource. Drawing on the features of inefficient POSs, it is suggested to increase small green spaces and sky gardens in the downtown areas, improve service facilities and basic tourism infrastructure in the suburbs. Accordingly, this study firstly incorporates POS functional types and resource occupation into the utilization efficiency evaluation, providing spatial optimization recommendations of POSs to facilitate sustainable city development.

公共开放空间（POS）在影响城市环境、生态、公共卫生和经济活力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，并非每个公共开放空间都得到了有效利用，而低效的公共开放空间占据了大片区域，会对社会经济发展产生负面影响，从而对城市的可持续发展构成威胁。现有研究仅根据效益结果对 POS 进行评估，但忽略了 POS 的功能类型和背景环境。针对这一问题，我们提出了一种分类、综合、相对的评价方法，即利用效率（UE），以识别低效的 POS，其本质是衡量每个 POS 的效益结果与资源占用的比率。我们首先根据 POS 的核心功能将其划分为五种类型，然后测量其 UE 以提取高效和低效 POS，最后将不同类型 POS 的关键原因可视化。我们的研究结果显示，在北京的 10943 个 POS 中，有 3138 个是低效 POS，这些低效 POS 主要集中在北京南部和北部地区，位于五环和六环之间，主要受到当地人口密度和环境资源的影响。根据低效 POS 的特点，建议在中心城区增加小型绿地和空中花园，在郊区完善服务设施和旅游基础设施。因此，本研究首次将POS功能类型和资源占用情况纳入利用效率评价，提出POS空间优化建议，促进城市可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling urban expansion and its impacts on carbon storage through integrative scenario analysis for sustainable development in the Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region 通过综合情景分析模拟长春-吉林-图们地区城市扩张及其对碳储存的影响，促进可持续发展

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105970

Tong Wu, Mingqi An, Lulu Zhang, Xiaozheng Wu, Mingyu Li

The Changchun-Jilin-Tumen (CJT) region in Northeast China is a key economic hub and a strategic gateway for China's integration into Northeast Asia, playing a crucial role in the Belt and Road Initiative. However, rapid urbanization in this region has precipitated substantial environmental challenges, particularly the degradation of carbon storage services (CSS) due to the expansion of impervious surface areas (ISA). This study employs multi-source remote sensing data, advanced geospatial analysis, and scenario-based decision-making technologies to evaluate the impacts of ISA expansion on CSS from 2000 to 2035 using the PLUS and InVEST models. The results reveal significant losses in CSS, with a net decrease of 8.10 × 10⁶ tons of carbon projected by 2022. Under the Natural Development scenario, these losses could escalate to 15.32 × 10⁶ tons by 2035. Conversely, the Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development scenarios suggest that strategic interventions could mitigate these losses, potentially leading to CSS gains of up to 3.42 × 10⁶ tons in the Ecological Protection scenario. This study highlights the pressing need to integrate ecological considerations into urban planning to balance development with environmental sustainability. The findings provide essential guidance for policymakers aiming to align urban growth with carbon neutrality targets, particularly in the context of global climate commitments and the increasing imperative for sustainable urban development.

中国东北的长春-吉林-图们地区（CJT）是中国融入东北亚的重要经济枢纽和战略门户，在 "一带一路 "倡议中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，该地区快速的城市化进程带来了巨大的环境挑战，尤其是不透水地表面积（ISA）的扩大导致碳储存服务（CSS）退化。本研究采用多源遥感数据、先进的地理空间分析和基于情景的决策技术，利用 PLUS 和 InVEST 模型评估了 2000 年至 2035 年不透水地表面积扩大对 CSS 的影响。结果显示，CSS 损失巨大，预计到 2022 年将净减少 8.10 × 10⁶ 吨碳。在 "自然发展 "情景下，到 2035 年，这些损失可能会增加到 15.32 × 10⁶吨。相反，生态保护和高质量发展情景表明，战略性干预措施可减轻这些损失，在生态保护情景下，有可能导致高达 3.42 × 10⁶ 吨的 CSS 增益。本研究强调了将生态因素纳入城市规划以平衡发展与环境可持续性的迫切需要。研究结果为旨在使城市发展与碳中和目标相一致的决策者提供了重要指导，尤其是在全球气候承诺和城市可持续发展日益迫切的背景下。

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引用次数: 0

Decarbonisation of the Basque Country residential stock by a holistic enviro-economic assessment of renovation strategies under the life cycle thinking for climate risk mitigation 根据减轻气候风险的生命周期思维，通过对翻新战略进行整体环境经济评估，实现巴斯克地区住宅的去碳化

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105963

Markel Arbulu , Xabat Oregi , Lauren Etxepare , Antonio Fuster , Ravi S. Srinivasan

The present study introduces a novel methodological decarbonisation evaluation for the Basque Country (northern Spain) residential building stock with a bottom-up approach. The investigation relies on the need to develop detailed roadmaps towards decarbonising the residential stock, as demanded by the European Union (EU). Besides, the residential stock decarbonisation evaluation presents several challenges, such as the effective integration of the life cycle thinking (LCT), the diversity of building typologies, the performance gap caused by occupant behaviour and economic uncertainty. The research is based on evaluating renovation strategies in multiple residential scenarios by a complete level buildings performance simulation (BPS) and the enviro-economic evaluation with LCT. For that, we employ the tool PARARENOVATE-LCT. As a result, the bottom-up approach identifies optimal renovation scenarios for each building typology. Secondly, we set different decarbonisation scenarios, where most archetypes require active renovation strategies to reach a deep decarbonisation degree. Thirdly, we develop phased decarbonisation plans by prioritizing archetypes with the highest decarbonisation potential. This way, the plans allow a linear reduction of global warming potential (GWP) with a limited renovation rate and investment in the first stages with an increasing trend, enabling the adaptation of industry and administration.

本研究采用自下而上的方法，对巴斯克地区（西班牙北部）的住宅建筑群进行脱碳评估。根据欧盟（EU）的要求，需要制定详细的住宅建筑群去碳化路线图，因此进行了这项调查。此外，住宅建筑去碳化评估还面临着一些挑战，如生命周期思维（LCT）的有效整合、建筑类型的多样性、居住者行为造成的性能差距以及经济不确定性。这项研究的基础是通过完整的建筑物性能模拟（BPS）和使用生命周期思维（LCT）进行的环境经济评估，对多种住宅场景下的改造策略进行评估。为此，我们使用了 PARARENOVATE-LCT 工具。因此，自下而上的方法为每种建筑类型确定了最佳改造方案。其次，我们设定了不同的去碳化方案，其中大多数原型需要积极的翻新策略才能达到深度去碳化的程度。第三，我们制定了分阶段脱碳计划，优先考虑脱碳潜力最大的原型。通过这种方式，这些计划可以在有限的改造率下线性降低全球升温潜能值（GWP），并在第一阶段以增加的趋势进行投资，从而使工业和行政部门能够进行调整。

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引用次数: 0

Embodied carbon benchmarks of single-family residential buildings in the United States 美国单户住宅建筑的体现碳基准

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2024.105975

Matt A. Jungclaus , Nicholas Grant , Martín I. Torres , Jay H. Arehart , Wil V. Srubar III

The objective of this work was to define and implement a methodology for establishing theoretical, science-based embodied carbon benchmarks for single-family, detached residential buildings based on the United States Department of Energy prototype single-family residential building energy models. The expected differences in materiality across 16 climate zones and 4 foundation types resulted in 64 archetypical single-family residential building models. Probabilistic life cycle assessment was applied to a material quantity takeoff of each building model to approximate each building model's material use intensity (MUI, kg/m²) and embodied carbon intensity (ECI, kgCO₂e/m²). The results indicate that average MUIs range from 185 to 346 kg/m² and average ECIs ranged from 39 to 121 kgCO₂e/m². The choice of life cycle assessment (LCA) data had a significant impact on the ECI results. More specifically, ECIs calculated using One Click LCA were approximately 7 % and 44 % higher than those from Tally and Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings (Athena), respectively. When accounting for theoretical maximum biogenic CO₂ storage (not including end-of-life treatment), all net CO₂ emissions intensities computed using Athena were negative, indicating that the buildings were net-CO₂ storing. When using One Click or Tally, 28 % and 50 % of the building models were net-CO₂ storing, respectively. The results presented herein can be used to establish theoretical, science-based embodied carbon benchmarks for single-family residential buildings in the United States. In addition, the methodology could be adopted by entities seeking to establish building-related embodied carbon emissions reduction targets.

这项工作的目的是根据美国能源部的单户住宅建筑能源模型原型，确定并实施一种方法，为单户独立住宅建筑建立以科学为基础的理论内含碳基准。根据 16 个气候带和 4 种地基类型在物质性方面的预期差异，得出了 64 个单户住宅建筑原型模型。对每个建筑模型的材料数量进行了概率生命周期评估，以估算每个建筑模型的材料使用强度（MUI，kg/m2）和内含碳强度（ECI，kgCO2e/m2）。结果表明，平均材料使用强度从 185 kg/m2 到 346 kg/m2 不等，平均内含碳强度从 39 kgCO2e/m2 到 121 kgCO2e/m2 不等。生命周期评估（LCA）数据的选择对 ECI 结果有重大影响。更具体地说，使用 One Click LCA 计算的 ECI 分别比 Tally 和 Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings (Athena) 高出约 7% 和 44%。当考虑到理论上最大的生物源二氧化碳储存量（不包括报废处理）时，使用 Athena 计算出的所有二氧化碳净排放强度均为负值，表明建筑物具有二氧化碳净储存功能。使用 One Click 或 Tally 时，分别有 28% 和 50% 的建筑模型具有净二氧化碳储存功能。本文介绍的结果可用于为美国单户住宅建筑建立理论上的、以科学为基础的内含碳基准。此外，寻求制定与建筑相关的内含碳排放量减排目标的实体也可采用该方法。

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引用次数: 0