首页 > 最新文献

Journal of Anthropological Sciences最新文献

英文 中文
The partial skeleton StW 431 from Sterkfontein - Is it time to rethink the Plio-Pleistocene hominin diversity in South Africa? 来自Sterkfontein的部分骨架StW 431——是时候重新思考南非上新世-更新世人类的多样性了吗?
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98020
Gabriele A Macho, Cinzia Fornai, Christine Tardieu, Philip Hopley, Martin Haeusler, Michel Toussaint

The discovery of the nearly complete Plio-Pleistocene skeleton StW 573 Australopithecus prometheus from Sterkfontein Member 2, South Africa, has intensified debates as to whether Sterkfontein Member 4 contains a hominin species other than Australopithecus africanus. For example, it has recently been suggested that the partial skeleton StW 431 should be removed from the A. africanus hypodigm and be placed into A. prometheus. Here we re-evaluate this latter proposition, using published information and new comparative data. Although both StW 573 and StW 431 are apparently comparable in their arboreal (i.e., climbing) and bipedal adaptations, they also show significant morphological differences. Surprisingly, StW 431 cannot be unequivocally aligned with either StW 573 or other hominins from Sterkfontein commonly attributed to A. africanus (nor with Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus sediba). This finding, together with considerations about the recent dating of Plio-Pleistocene hominin-bearing sites in South Africa and palaeoecological/palaeoclimatic conditions, raises questions whether it is justified to subsume hominins from Taung, Makapansgat and Sterkfontein (and Gladysvale) within a single taxon. Given the wealth of fossil material and analytical techniques now available, we call for a re-evaluation of the taxonomy of South African Plio-Pleistocene hominins. Such an endeavour should however go beyond the current (narrow) focus on establishing an A. africanus-A. prometheus dichotomy.

在南非Sterkfontein Member 2发现的几乎完整的上新世至更新世的StW 573南方古猿普罗米修斯骨架,加剧了关于Sterkfontein Member 4是否包含非洲南方古猿以外的人类物种的争论。例如,最近有人建议将非洲南方古猿的部分骨架StW 431从非洲南方古猿中移除,并将其放入普罗米修斯古猿中。在这里,我们重新评估后一个命题,使用已发表的信息和新的比较数据。虽然StW 573和StW 431在树栖(即攀爬)和两足适应方面具有明显的可比性,但它们也表现出显著的形态差异。令人惊讶的是,StW 431不能明确地与StW 573或其他来自Sterkfontein的古人类一致,这些古人类通常被认为是非洲古猿(也不能与傍人粗笨猿和南方古猿源泉种)。这一发现,再加上最近对南非上新世-更新世古人类遗址的年代测定和古生态/古气候条件的考虑,提出了一个问题,即把来自Taung、Makapansgat和Sterkfontein(以及Gladysvale)的古人类归为一个分类群是否合理。鉴于现有的丰富的化石材料和分析技术,我们呼吁对南非上新世-更新世人族的分类进行重新评估。然而,这样的努力应该超越目前(狭隘的)关注于建立一个非洲类群。普罗米修斯的二分法。
{"title":"The partial skeleton StW 431 from Sterkfontein - Is it time to rethink the Plio-Pleistocene hominin diversity in South Africa?","authors":"Gabriele A Macho,&nbsp;Cinzia Fornai,&nbsp;Christine Tardieu,&nbsp;Philip Hopley,&nbsp;Martin Haeusler,&nbsp;Michel Toussaint","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of the nearly complete Plio-Pleistocene skeleton StW 573 Australopithecus prometheus from Sterkfontein Member 2, South Africa, has intensified debates as to whether Sterkfontein Member 4 contains a hominin species other than Australopithecus africanus. For example, it has recently been suggested that the partial skeleton StW 431 should be removed from the A. africanus hypodigm and be placed into A. prometheus. Here we re-evaluate this latter proposition, using published information and new comparative data. Although both StW 573 and StW 431 are apparently comparable in their arboreal (i.e., climbing) and bipedal adaptations, they also show significant morphological differences. Surprisingly, StW 431 cannot be unequivocally aligned with either StW 573 or other hominins from Sterkfontein commonly attributed to A. africanus (nor with Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus sediba). This finding, together with considerations about the recent dating of Plio-Pleistocene hominin-bearing sites in South Africa and palaeoecological/palaeoclimatic conditions, raises questions whether it is justified to subsume hominins from Taung, Makapansgat and Sterkfontein (and Gladysvale) within a single taxon. Given the wealth of fossil material and analytical techniques now available, we call for a re-evaluation of the taxonomy of South African Plio-Pleistocene hominins. Such an endeavour should however go beyond the current (narrow) focus on establishing an A. africanus-A. prometheus dichotomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38391896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Another interpretation of Homo antecessor. 对“祖先人”的另一种解释。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98016
Francesc Ribot Trafí, Mario García Bartual, Eulalia García-Nos, Alfredo José Altamirano Enciso, Alexander J Nevgloski, Qian Wang
{"title":"Another interpretation of Homo antecessor.","authors":"Francesc Ribot Trafí,&nbsp;Mario García Bartual,&nbsp;Eulalia García-Nos,&nbsp;Alfredo José Altamirano Enciso,&nbsp;Alexander J Nevgloski,&nbsp;Qian Wang","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38552780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breaking through the Aquitaine frame: A re-evaluationon the significance of regional variants during theAurignacian as seen from a key record in southern Europe 突破阿基坦框架:从南欧关键记录看奥日尼亚期区域变异的意义
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98021
Armando Falcucci, Nicholas J Conard, Marco Peresani

The cultural dynamics that led to the appearance of the Aurignacian have intrigued archaeologists since the start of Paleolithic research. However, cultural reconstructions have often focused on a restricted region of Europe, namely the northern Aquitaine Basin. The Mediterranean Basin, though, is also a region worthy of consideration when testing if the Protoaurignacian was followed by the Early Aurignacian adaptive system. Fumane Cave is a pivotal site for tackling this issue because it contains evidence of repeated human occupations during the time span of the European Aurignacian. Here we investigate the diachronic variability of the lithic assemblages from five cultural units at Fumane Cave using a combination of reduction sequence and attribute analyses. This paper also reassesses the presence and stratigraphic reliability of the organic artifacts recovered at Fumane Cave. Our results show that the features of the Protoaurignacian techno-typology are present throughout the stratigraphic sequence, and by extension, to the onset of Heinrich Event 4. Additionally, the appearance of split-based points in the youngest phase is evidence of extensive networks that allowed this technological innovation to spread across different Aurignacian regions.

自旧石器时代研究开始以来,导致奥里尼亚纪出现的文化动态就引起了考古学家的兴趣。然而,文化重建往往集中在欧洲的一个有限区域,即阿基坦盆地北部。然而,地中海盆地也是一个值得考虑的地区,当测试原奥日尼亚期之后是否有早期奥日尼亚期的适应系统。富曼洞穴是解决这个问题的关键地点,因为它包含了欧洲奥里尼亚纪时期人类反复居住的证据。本文采用还原序列和属性分析相结合的方法,对富曼洞5个文化单元的岩屑组合历时变异性进行了研究。本文还重新评估了富曼洞有机器物的存在性和地层可靠性。我们的研究结果表明,在整个地层层序中都存在着原aurignian技术类型的特征,并通过扩展到Heinrich Event 4的开始。此外,在最年轻阶段出现的分裂点证明了广泛的网络,使这种技术创新能够传播到不同的奥日尼亚期地区。
{"title":"Breaking through the Aquitaine frame: A re-evaluation\u0000on the significance of regional variants during the\u0000Aurignacian as seen from a key record in southern Europe","authors":"Armando Falcucci,&nbsp;Nicholas J Conard,&nbsp;Marco Peresani","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cultural dynamics that led to the appearance of the Aurignacian have intrigued archaeologists since the start of Paleolithic research. However, cultural reconstructions have often focused on a restricted region of Europe, namely the northern Aquitaine Basin. The Mediterranean Basin, though, is also a region worthy of consideration when testing if the Protoaurignacian was followed by the Early Aurignacian adaptive system. Fumane Cave is a pivotal site for tackling this issue because it contains evidence of repeated human occupations during the time span of the European Aurignacian. Here we investigate the diachronic variability of the lithic assemblages from five cultural units at Fumane Cave using a combination of reduction sequence and attribute analyses. This paper also reassesses the presence and stratigraphic reliability of the organic artifacts recovered at Fumane Cave. Our results show that the features of the Protoaurignacian techno-typology are present throughout the stratigraphic sequence, and by extension, to the onset of Heinrich Event 4. Additionally, the appearance of split-based points in the youngest phase is evidence of extensive networks that allowed this technological innovation to spread across different Aurignacian regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":"99-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38733108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Frontal bone virtual reconstruction and geometric morphometric analysis of the mid-Pleistocene hominin KNM-OG 45500 (Olorgesailie, Kenya). 中更新世古人类KNM-OG 45500 (Olorgesailie, Kenya)的额骨虚拟重建与几何形态分析
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98022
Tommaso Mori, Antonio Profico, Hugo Reyes-Centeno, Katerina Harvati

KNM-OG 45500 is a hominin fossil composed of parts of a frontal bone, left temporal bone, and cranial vault pieces. Since its discovery along the Olorgesailie Formation (Kenya) in 2003, it has been associated with the Homo erectus hypodigm. The specimen, derived from a geological context dated to ca. 900 Ka BP, has been described as a very small individual of probable female sex. However, despite its status as an important hominin specimen, it has not been used in a quantitative comparative framework because of its fragmentary condition. Here, we undertake a virtual reconstruction of the better-preserved fragment, the frontal bone. We additionally apply geometric morphometric analyses, using a geographically diverse fossil and modern human sample, in order to investigate the morphological affinities of KNM-OG 45500. Our results show that the frontal shape of KNM-OG 45500 exhibits similarities with Early Pleistocene fossils from Eurasia and Africa that are assigned to H. erectus sensu lato (s.l.). Its size, on the other hand, is notably smaller than most other Homo erectus fossils and modern humans and similar to the specimens from Dmanisi (Georgia) and to Homo naledi. Taken together, our analyses of the frontal bone suggest a taxonomic attribution of KNM-OG 45500 to H. erectus s.l. and extend even further the range of size variability associated with this taxon around 900 Ka BP.

KNM-OG 45500是由额骨、左颞骨和颅顶碎片组成的古人类化石。自2003年在肯尼亚的Olorgesailie地层发现以来,它一直与直立人次等人种有关。该标本来自约900 Ka BP的地质环境,被描述为一个非常小的个体,可能是女性。然而,尽管它是一个重要的古人类标本,但由于其碎片状况,尚未用于定量比较框架。在这里,我们对保存较好的额骨碎片进行虚拟重建。此外,我们使用地理上不同的化石和现代人样本进行几何形态分析,以调查KNM-OG 45500的形态亲和性。结果表明,KNM-OG 45500的锋面形状与欧亚大陆和非洲早更新世的直立人(H. erectus sensu lato, s.l.)化石具有相似性。另一方面,它的大小明显小于大多数其他直立人化石和现代人,与德马尼西(格鲁吉亚)和纳勒迪人的标本相似。综上所述,我们对额骨的分析表明KNM-OG 45500的分类归属于直立人s.l.,并进一步扩展了900 Ka BP左右与该分类群相关的尺寸变异范围。
{"title":"Frontal bone virtual reconstruction and geometric morphometric analysis of the mid-Pleistocene hominin KNM-OG 45500 (Olorgesailie, Kenya).","authors":"Tommaso Mori,&nbsp;Antonio Profico,&nbsp;Hugo Reyes-Centeno,&nbsp;Katerina Harvati","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>KNM-OG 45500 is a hominin fossil composed of parts of a frontal bone, left temporal bone, and cranial vault pieces. Since its discovery along the Olorgesailie Formation (Kenya) in 2003, it has been associated with the Homo erectus hypodigm. The specimen, derived from a geological context dated to ca. 900 Ka BP, has been described as a very small individual of probable female sex. However, despite its status as an important hominin specimen, it has not been used in a quantitative comparative framework because of its fragmentary condition. Here, we undertake a virtual reconstruction of the better-preserved fragment, the frontal bone. We additionally apply geometric morphometric analyses, using a geographically diverse fossil and modern human sample, in order to investigate the morphological affinities of KNM-OG 45500. Our results show that the frontal shape of KNM-OG 45500 exhibits similarities with Early Pleistocene fossils from Eurasia and Africa that are assigned to H. erectus sensu lato (s.l.). Its size, on the other hand, is notably smaller than most other Homo erectus fossils and modern humans and similar to the specimens from Dmanisi (Georgia) and to Homo naledi. Taken together, our analyses of the frontal bone suggest a taxonomic attribution of KNM-OG 45500 to H. erectus s.l. and extend even further the range of size variability associated with this taxon around 900 Ka BP.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":"49-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38733109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Sex differences in bonobo (Pan paniscus) terrestriality: implications for human evolution. 倭黑猩猩(Pan paniscus)陆地性的性别差异:对人类进化的启示。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98019
Frances J White, Colin M Brand, Alexana J Hickmott, India R Minton

Recent finds in hominin fossil environments place the transition to terrestriality in a wooded or forested habitat. Therefore, forest-dwelling apes can aid in understanding this important evolutionary transition. Sex differences in ape locomotion have been previously attributed to sexual dimorphism or ecological niche differences between males and females. This study examined the hypothesis that differential advantages of terrestrial travel may impact mating success in male bonobos. We examined whether males are more terrestrial when there are mating benefits for fast travel. We analyzed behavioral data on wild bonobos over a ten-month period in the Lomako Forest, DRC and examined the proportion of time spent at lower heights compared to higher heights between adult females and males relative to their location to feeding contexts with high mating frequencies. We found a significant interaction between sex and height class away from food patches (F=4.65, df =1, p <0.05) such that females were primarily arboreal whereas there was no difference between males across height classes. However, there was also a significant interaction between sex and height class (F =29.35, df =1, p <0.0001) for adults traveling near or entering a food patch. Males often arrived at food patches terrestrially and females arrived almost exclusively arboreally. We found a significant difference between the expected and observed distribution of matings by food patch context (G =114.36, df =4, p <0.0001) such that most mating occurred near or in a food patch. These results suggest that males may travel terrestrially to arrive at food patches before cohesive parties of females arrive arboreally, in order to compete with other males for mating access to these females. Such intrasexual selection for sex differences in locomotion may be important in considerations of the evolution of locomotion strategies in hominins in a forested environment.

最近在古人类化石环境中的发现表明,古人类是在树木或森林栖息地过渡到陆地的。因此,森林猿类可以帮助我们理解这一重要的进化转变。猿类运动的性别差异先前被归因于两性二态性或雌雄之间的生态位差异。这项研究检验了陆地旅行的不同优势可能影响雄性倭黑猩猩交配成功的假设。我们研究了当有快速旅行的交配利益时,雄性是否更倾向于陆地。我们分析了刚果民主共和国Lomako森林中野生倭黑猩猩在10个月期间的行为数据,并检查了成年雌性和雄性在较低高度和较高高度上花费的时间比例,相对于它们所在的位置和高交配频率的喂养环境。我们发现性别和远离食物斑块的身高类别之间存在显著的相互作用(F=4.65, df =1, p
{"title":"Sex differences in bonobo (Pan paniscus) terrestriality: implications for human evolution.","authors":"Frances J White,&nbsp;Colin M Brand,&nbsp;Alexana J Hickmott,&nbsp;India R Minton","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent finds in hominin fossil environments place the transition to terrestriality in a wooded or forested habitat. Therefore, forest-dwelling apes can aid in understanding this important evolutionary transition. Sex differences in ape locomotion have been previously attributed to sexual dimorphism or ecological niche differences between males and females. This study examined the hypothesis that differential advantages of terrestrial travel may impact mating success in male bonobos. We examined whether males are more terrestrial when there are mating benefits for fast travel. We analyzed behavioral data on wild bonobos over a ten-month period in the Lomako Forest, DRC and examined the proportion of time spent at lower heights compared to higher heights between adult females and males relative to their location to feeding contexts with high mating frequencies. We found a significant interaction between sex and height class away from food patches (F=4.65, df =1, p <0.05) such that females were primarily arboreal whereas there was no difference between males across height classes. However, there was also a significant interaction between sex and height class (F =29.35, df =1, p <0.0001) for adults traveling near or entering a food patch. Males often arrived at food patches terrestrially and females arrived almost exclusively arboreally. We found a significant difference between the expected and observed distribution of matings by food patch context (G =114.36, df =4, p <0.0001) such that most mating occurred near or in a food patch. These results suggest that males may travel terrestrially to arrive at food patches before cohesive parties of females arrive arboreally, in order to compete with other males for mating access to these females. Such intrasexual selection for sex differences in locomotion may be important in considerations of the evolution of locomotion strategies in hominins in a forested environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38391895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Reshaping the flagship initiatives of the Italian Institute of Anthropology in the new pandemic world. 在新的流行病世界中重塑意大利人类学研究所的旗舰倡议。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98023
Giovanni Destro Bisol
{"title":"Reshaping the flagship initiatives of the Italian Institute of Anthropology in the new pandemic world.","authors":"Giovanni Destro Bisol","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39094700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DNA barcoding of primates and the selection of molecular markers using African Great Apes as a model. 灵长类动物的DNA条形码和以非洲类人猿为模型的分子标记选择。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98017
Amy S Jackson, Vincent Nijman

Ambiguities within species description and identification may compromise research validity. Species identification has typically been based upon morphological characteristics, yet recent technological advances have led to identifications achieved via DNA approaches, including DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding studies typically use cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) as the proposed universal molecular marker for animals. Here, we test 12 mitochondrial protein coding genes for the presence of a clear barcoding gap allowing us to unequivocally define species. Using the African Great Apes as our model group, we assess this at the species (Pan troglodytes), genus (Pan) and family (Hominidae) level. Based on 279 complete mitochondrial genomes, sequences were partitioned by gene for analysis and pairwise distances were calculated. No barcoding gap was observed at the within species level, i.e., the four recognised chimpanzee taxa were not distinguishable through DNA barcoding. However, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) produce the largest barcoding gaps at the genus (ND5 2%, COII 0.5%) and family (ND5 1.5%, COII 0.5%) level. Rather than focusing on COI, our analysis suggests that these two genes may be more, or at least as, appropriate markers in primate species delineation, with uses in the identification of extinct and extant species. Further use may be beneficial to taxonomists, providing additional evidence and new insights for these morphologically similar species.

物种描述和鉴定的模糊性可能会损害研究的有效性。物种鉴定通常基于形态特征,但最近的技术进步已经导致通过DNA方法实现鉴定,包括DNA条形码。DNA条形码研究通常使用细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I (COI)作为动物的通用分子标记。在这里,我们测试了12个线粒体蛋白编码基因是否存在一个清晰的条形码缺口,使我们能够明确地定义物种。以非洲类人猿为模型组,在种(类人猿)、属(类人猿)和科(人科)水平上进行了评估。基于279个线粒体全基因组,按基因划分序列进行分析,并计算两两距离。在种内水平上没有发现条形码差异,即通过DNA条形码无法区分已识别的4个黑猩猩类群。NADH脱氢酶亚基5 (ND5)和细胞色素c氧化酶亚基II (COII)在属(ND5 2%, COII 0.5%)和家族(ND5 1.5%, COII 0.5%)水平上产生最大的条形码缺口。我们的分析并没有把重点放在COI上,而是表明这两个基因在灵长类物种划分中可能更多,或者至少是作为合适的标记,用于识别灭绝和现存物种。进一步的使用可能对分类学家有益,为这些形态相似的物种提供额外的证据和新的见解。
{"title":"DNA barcoding of primates and the selection of molecular markers using African Great Apes as a model.","authors":"Amy S Jackson,&nbsp;Vincent Nijman","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambiguities within species description and identification may compromise research validity. Species identification has typically been based upon morphological characteristics, yet recent technological advances have led to identifications achieved via DNA approaches, including DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding studies typically use cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) as the proposed universal molecular marker for animals. Here, we test 12 mitochondrial protein coding genes for the presence of a clear barcoding gap allowing us to unequivocally define species. Using the African Great Apes as our model group, we assess this at the species (Pan troglodytes), genus (Pan) and family (Hominidae) level. Based on 279 complete mitochondrial genomes, sequences were partitioned by gene for analysis and pairwise distances were calculated. No barcoding gap was observed at the within species level, i.e., the four recognised chimpanzee taxa were not distinguishable through DNA barcoding. However, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) produce the largest barcoding gaps at the genus (ND5 2%, COII 0.5%) and family (ND5 1.5%, COII 0.5%) level. Rather than focusing on COI, our analysis suggests that these two genes may be more, or at least as, appropriate markers in primate species delineation, with uses in the identification of extinct and extant species. Further use may be beneficial to taxonomists, providing additional evidence and new insights for these morphologically similar species.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38610394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Mosaic evolution in hominin phylogeny: meanings, implications, and explanations. 古人类系统发育中的镶嵌进化:意义、暗示和解释。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Epub Date: 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.97001
Andrea Parravicini, Telmo Pievani

In paleoanthropological literature, the use of the term "mosaic" (mosaic evolution, mosaic trait, mosaic species, and so on) is becoming more and more frequent. In order to promote a clarification of the use of the concept in literature, we propose here a classification in three different meanings of the notion of mosaic in human evolution: 1) morphological (inter-specific and intra-specific) instability in a certain phase of a branched phylogeny; 2) multiple trajectories and versions of the same adaptive trait in a branched phylogeny; 3) the trait itself as a complex mosaic of sub-traits with different phylogenetic stories (as is the case in language). We argue that the relevance of such mosaic patterns needs a macro-evolutionary interpretation, which takes into consideration the interaction between general selective pressures (promoting different versions of the same adaptation) and a cladogenetic approach in which speciation played a crucial role, due to ecological instability, habitat fragmentation, and geographical dispersals in human evolution.

在古人类学文献中,“马赛克”一词(马赛克进化、马赛克特征、马赛克物种等)的使用越来越频繁。为了促进文献中这一概念的使用澄清,我们在这里提出了人类进化中马赛克概念的三种不同含义的分类:1)在分支系统发育的某一阶段形态(种间和种内)不稳定性;2)在分支系统发育中,同一适应性状的多个轨迹和版本;3)特征本身是具有不同系统发育故事的子特征的复杂镶嵌(就像语言的情况一样)。我们认为,这种镶嵌模式的相关性需要一个宏观进化的解释,考虑到一般选择压力(促进相同适应的不同版本)和枝发生方法之间的相互作用,其中物种形成在人类进化中由于生态不稳定、栖息地破碎化和地理分散而起着至关重要的作用。
{"title":"Mosaic evolution in hominin phylogeny: meanings, implications, and explanations.","authors":"Andrea Parravicini,&nbsp;Telmo Pievani","doi":"10.4436/JASS.97001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.97001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In paleoanthropological literature, the use of the term \"mosaic\" (mosaic evolution, mosaic trait, mosaic species, and so on) is becoming more and more frequent. In order to promote a clarification of the use of the concept in literature, we propose here a classification in three different meanings of the notion of mosaic in human evolution: 1) morphological (inter-specific and intra-specific) instability in a certain phase of a branched phylogeny; 2) multiple trajectories and versions of the same adaptive trait in a branched phylogeny; 3) the trait itself as a complex mosaic of sub-traits with different phylogenetic stories (as is the case in language). We argue that the relevance of such mosaic patterns needs a macro-evolutionary interpretation, which takes into consideration the interaction between general selective pressures (promoting different versions of the same adaptation) and a cladogenetic approach in which speciation played a crucial role, due to ecological instability, habitat fragmentation, and geographical dispersals in human evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"96 ","pages":"45-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37363563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Morphological variability of Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic skulls from Sicily. 西西里岛旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代颅骨的形态变异。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Epub Date: 2019-12-10 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.97009
Manon Galland, Giuseppe D'Amore, Martin Friess, Roberto Micciché, Ron Pinhasi, Vitale Stefano Sparacello, Luca Sineo

Scenarios for the dispersal of Homo sapiens in Southern Europe and in the Mediterranean basin have been uncertain, given the scarceness of osteological samples and the simplicity of the proposed archaeologically-based settlement hypotheses. According to available data, the first anatomically modern humans entered Sicily during the Late Pleistocene, coming from the Italian peninsula. A presumably small Late Epigravettian population colonised coastal sites. Later, North-Western archaeological horizons gave hospitality to a significant Mesolithic expansion. In order to verify a hypothesis of continuity in the peopling of the island, we analyzed Sicilian skulls from the Late Epigravettian site of San Teodoro, Eastern Sicily (AMS 14C dated at 14,500 BP) and from the Mesolithic period (14C dated from 9,500 to 8,500 BP) coming from various sites (Uzzo, Molara, Grotta d'Oriente) located on the North Western coast of the island. The aims were to test the biological variability through time within the island as well as to evaluate the relationships of Sicilian Pleistocene hunter-gatherers with Old World populations. We also evaluated the Sicilian Mesolithic uniformity especially between the Uzzo and Grotta d'Oriente sites, given their vicinity and accessibility during the Early Holocene. We applied 3D geometric morphometric methods to assess shape variation as well as geographic and diachronic morphological patterns. All analyzed specimens, plus a comparative sample from the Old World dated from the Upper Paleolithic to recent periods, were transformed in digital images and standard craniofacial landmarks were extracted from the 3D models. Our results underline a high variability among the Mesolithic specimens, as well as a large craniometric distance from the presumed founder Paleolithic settler representatives (San Teodoro specimens) that have closer morphological affinities with other European Upper Paleolithic specimens.

智人在南欧和地中海盆地的分布情况一直不确定,因为骨骼样本的稀缺和基于考古的定居假设的简单性。根据现有数据,第一批解剖学意义上的现代人在更新世晚期从意大利半岛进入西西里岛。据推测,一小群晚期埃庇格拉维特人在沿海地区定居。后来,西北考古视野为中石器时代的重大扩张提供了招待。为了验证岛上人类的连续性假设,我们分析了西西里岛西北海岸不同地点(Uzzo, Molara, Grotta d'Oriente)的西西里人头盖骨,这些头盖骨来自西西里岛东部圣特奥多罗(San Teodoro)的晚期Epigravettian遗址(AMS 14C年代为14500 BP)和中石器时代(14C年代为9500至8500 BP)。其目的是测试岛上随着时间推移的生物变异性,以及评估西西里更新世狩猎采集者与旧世界人口的关系。我们还评估了西西里中石器时代的一致性,特别是Uzzo和Grotta d'Oriente遗址之间的一致性,考虑到它们在全新世早期的邻近和可达性。我们应用三维几何形态测量方法来评估形状变化以及地理和历时形态模式。所有被分析的标本,加上旧石器时代晚期到近代的旧大陆的比较样本,都被转换成数字图像,并从3D模型中提取出标准的颅面标志。我们的研究结果强调了中石器时代标本之间的高度可变性,以及与假定的旧石器时代开拓者代表(圣特奥多罗标本)有很大的颅骨测量距离,这些标本与其他欧洲上旧石器时代标本有更密切的形态学相似性。
{"title":"Morphological variability of Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic skulls from Sicily.","authors":"Manon Galland,&nbsp;Giuseppe D'Amore,&nbsp;Martin Friess,&nbsp;Roberto Micciché,&nbsp;Ron Pinhasi,&nbsp;Vitale Stefano Sparacello,&nbsp;Luca Sineo","doi":"10.4436/JASS.97009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.97009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scenarios for the dispersal of Homo sapiens in Southern Europe and in the Mediterranean basin have been uncertain, given the scarceness of osteological samples and the simplicity of the proposed archaeologically-based settlement hypotheses. According to available data, the first anatomically modern humans entered Sicily during the Late Pleistocene, coming from the Italian peninsula. A presumably small Late Epigravettian population colonised coastal sites. Later, North-Western archaeological horizons gave hospitality to a significant Mesolithic expansion. In order to verify a hypothesis of continuity in the peopling of the island, we analyzed Sicilian skulls from the Late Epigravettian site of San Teodoro, Eastern Sicily (AMS 14C dated at 14,500 BP) and from the Mesolithic period (14C dated from 9,500 to 8,500 BP) coming from various sites (Uzzo, Molara, Grotta d'Oriente) located on the North Western coast of the island. The aims were to test the biological variability through time within the island as well as to evaluate the relationships of Sicilian Pleistocene hunter-gatherers with Old World populations. We also evaluated the Sicilian Mesolithic uniformity especially between the Uzzo and Grotta d'Oriente sites, given their vicinity and accessibility during the Early Holocene. We applied 3D geometric morphometric methods to assess shape variation as well as geographic and diachronic morphological patterns. All analyzed specimens, plus a comparative sample from the Old World dated from the Upper Paleolithic to recent periods, were transformed in digital images and standard craniofacial landmarks were extracted from the 3D models. Our results underline a high variability among the Mesolithic specimens, as well as a large craniometric distance from the presumed founder Paleolithic settler representatives (San Teodoro specimens) that have closer morphological affinities with other European Upper Paleolithic specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"96 ","pages":"151-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37519844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
What does Homo antecessor tell us about the origin of the "emergent humanity" that gave rise to Homo sapiens? 关于产生智人的“新兴人类”的起源,人类祖先告诉了我们什么?
IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Epub Date: 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.97012
José María Bermúdez de Castro, María Martinón-Torres
This article has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Grant No PGC2018-093925-B-C31), the Junta de Castilla y Leon and the Fundacion Atapuerca.
{"title":"What does Homo antecessor tell us about the origin of the \"emergent humanity\" that gave rise to Homo sapiens?","authors":"José María Bermúdez de Castro,&nbsp;María Martinón-Torres","doi":"10.4436/JASS.97012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.97012","url":null,"abstract":"This article has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Grant No PGC2018-093925-B-C31), the Junta de Castilla y Leon and the Fundacion Atapuerca.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"96 ","pages":"209-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37519846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
期刊
Journal of Anthropological Sciences
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1