Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.04.009
Assessments play a vital role in postgraduate orthodontic education. They are the means to ensure postgraduate students meet the training standards of their respective programs. The visibility of student learning is crucial to the development of a postgraduate's knowledge, skill and attitudes that will eventually define the clinician's education and competence for the practice of orthodontics. This essay presents the argument for making learning visible in postgraduate orthodontic education and explains its importance. It highlights the educational theories that underpin the practice of formative feedback and articulates the significance of formative and summative assessments approaches and evaluation frameworks.
Integral to formative assessments is feedback. The essay discusses three levels of feedback – macro, meso and micro – and how each can support and enhance student learning. A brief description on the significance of peer learning introduces five formative assessment classroom practices in an ERASMUS-based postgraduate orthodontic training program conducted at the National University of Singapore. They demonstrate the value of peer learning and feedback that makes learning visible to the teachers and to the postgraduate students. The essay ends with a short exploration on how technology is being harnessed to make learning visible. In particular, the current trajectory of Artificial Intelligence development, such as Open AI's ChatGPT and Google's Gemini, offers educators and students new and innovative ways to enhance teaching and learning.
{"title":"Making Learning Visible through Formative Assessments in Postgraduate Orthodontic Education","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Assessments play a vital role in postgraduate orthodontic education. They are the means to ensure postgraduate students meet the training standards of their respective programs. The visibility of student learning is crucial to the development of a postgraduate's knowledge, skill and attitudes that will eventually define the clinician's education and competence for the practice of orthodontics. This essay presents the argument for making learning visible in postgraduate orthodontic education and explains its importance. It highlights the educational theories that underpin the practice of formative feedback and articulates the significance of formative and </span>summative assessments approaches and evaluation frameworks.</p><p><span>Integral to formative assessments is feedback. The essay discusses three levels of feedback – macro, meso and micro – and how each can support and enhance student learning. A brief description on the significance of </span>peer learning introduces five formative assessment classroom practices in an ERASMUS-based postgraduate orthodontic training program conducted at the National University of Singapore. They demonstrate the value of peer learning and feedback that makes learning visible to the teachers and to the postgraduate students. The essay ends with a short exploration on how technology is being harnessed to make learning visible. In particular, the current trajectory of Artificial Intelligence development, such as Open AI's ChatGPT and Google's Gemini, offers educators and students new and innovative ways to enhance teaching and learning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 379-384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.05.007
Comprehensive health records (CHRs) that encompass patients’ medical and dental information is here and now. CHRs enable health care providers to deliver personalized, precision medicine/dentistry effectively and efficiently. The objective of this report is to provide an overview of strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities associated with a comprehensive health care record system that integrates medical and dentalrecords. Strengths and benefits of CHRs (elevated patient safety, collaborative care, holistic patient care, enhanced research capabilities) are explained, and practical challenges associated with operating multiple record systems (specifically in medical and dental imaging), data migration and integration are explored.
{"title":"Considering an all-inclusive health record system to bridge the gap between dental and medical records: A narrative review","authors":"","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Comprehensive health records (CHRs) that encompass patients’ medical and dental information is here and now. CHRs enable health care providers to deliver personalized, precision medicine/dentistry effectively and efficiently. </span><u>The objective of this report is to provide an overview of strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities associated with a comprehensive health care record system that integrates medical and dentalrecords.</u><span> Strengths and benefits of CHRs (elevated patient safety, collaborative care, holistic patient care, enhanced research capabilities) are explained, and practical challenges associated with operating multiple record systems (specifically in medical and dental imaging), data migration and integration are explored.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"30 4","pages":"Pages 389-393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.08.003
Jin-Young Choi, Yoon-Goo Kang, Su-Jung Kim, Kyung-A Kim
The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated.
出版商很抱歉暂时删除了这篇文章。我们将尽快发布替代文章，其中将说明删除文章的原因，或者恢复文章。
{"title":"TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Implications of maxillary expansion for the craniofacial phenotype in pediatric and adolescent obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Jin-Young Choi, Yoon-Goo Kang, Su-Jung Kim, Kyung-A Kim","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated.","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.08.002
Won Moon, Ney Paredes
{"title":"Non-surgical management of extreme vertical problems with micro-implants","authors":"Won Moon, Ney Paredes","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.004
Luiz Fernando Eto, José Eymard Bicalho, Bruno Frazão Gribel, Daniel Santos Fonseca Figueiredo
The present study aims to present the step-by-step process of a simpler and more efficient design of a toothless MARPE appliance (also called bone-borne RME), called the C-expander. A virtual planning of the insertion of mini-screws, using a guide, is also described, seeking to perform a more precise insertion of the mini-screws, minimizing errors and encouraging the use of the appliance by orthodontists with greater safety. Our study focuses on a 45-year-old female patient with periodontal issues. A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanning were performed, and a guide was used to facilitate the insertion of mini-screws. The C-expander was used to correct the transverse maxillary constriction. We present another clinical (pre-surgical case) in other to confirm the indications of the C expander appliance. An accurate insertion of the mini-screws was performed using the guide. After 80 days of activation, once per day, significant opening of the midpalatal suture was achieved on both cases. The C-expander seems to be a simpler, more efficient, and low-cost type of MARPE appliance in adult patients. In more complex cases, a guide can be used to facilitate mini-screw insertion and to improve the accuracy of the procedure.
本研究旨在介绍一种名为C-expander的无牙MARPE矫治器（也称为骨性RME）的更简单、更有效的设计步骤。此外，还介绍了使用导板插入微型螺钉的虚拟规划，目的是更精确地插入微型螺钉，最大限度地减少误差，鼓励正畸医生更安全地使用该矫治器。我们的研究对象是一名 45 岁的女性患者，她患有牙周问题。我们对患者进行了锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）和口内扫描，并使用导板方便患者插入微型螺钉。C-expander 用于矫正上颌横向收缩。我们展示了另一个临床病例（手术前病例），以确认 C 扩弓器的适应症。我们使用导板准确地插入了微型螺钉。经过 80 天每天一次的激活，两个病例的腭中缝都明显打开。在成人患者中，C-expander 似乎是一种更简单、更有效、成本更低的 MARPE矫治器。在较复杂的病例中，可以使用导板来方便微型螺钉的插入，并提高手术的准确性。
{"title":"C-expander: An efficient MARPE approach without dental support","authors":"Luiz Fernando Eto, José Eymard Bicalho, Bruno Frazão Gribel, Daniel Santos Fonseca Figueiredo","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to present the step-by-step process of a simpler and more efficient design of a toothless MARPE appliance (also called bone-borne RME), called the C-expander. A virtual planning of the insertion of mini-screws, using a guide, is also described, seeking to perform a more precise insertion of the mini-screws, minimizing errors and encouraging the use of the appliance by orthodontists with greater safety. Our study focuses on a 45-year-old female patient with periodontal issues. A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanning were performed, and a guide was used to facilitate the insertion of mini-screws. The C-expander was used to correct the transverse maxillary constriction. We present another clinical (pre-surgical case) in other to confirm the indications of the C expander appliance. An accurate insertion of the mini-screws was performed using the guide. After 80 days of activation, once per day, significant opening of the midpalatal suture was achieved on both cases. The C-expander seems to be a simpler, more efficient, and low-cost type of MARPE appliance in adult patients. In more complex cases, a guide can be used to facilitate mini-screw insertion and to improve the accuracy of the procedure.","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.007
D Martin Salvador MD DDS MS, J Aznar Arraiz DDS MS PhD, P Arias-Camisón DDS MS, A. Canábez Berthet MD DDS MS
The use of skeletal anchorage for dentoalveolar compensations “camouflaging” in Class III malocclusions in borderline adult patients has become an important treatment alternative. In this article three different types of skeletal anchorage are presented: 1) retromolar miniscrews 2) miniplates with the use of Class III elastics and 3) osseointegrated implants. Furthermore, the three-dimensional nature of class III malocclusions implies that we not only have a sagittal problem but also a transverse and vertical alterations. To resolve transverse discrepancies in many instances we resort to corticotomies to be able to exceed the biological limits.
对于边缘型成人患者的 III 类错牙合畸形，使用骨骼固定装置进行牙槽骨补偿 "伪装 "已成为一种重要的治疗方法。本文介绍了三种不同的骨骼固定方式：1）后牙迷你螺钉；2）使用 III 类弹性体的迷你板；3）骨结合种植体。此外，III类错颌畸形的三维性质意味着我们不仅要解决矢状面的问题，还要解决横向和垂直方向的改变。为了解决横向差异，在很多情况下，我们会采用皮质切除术，以超越生物极限。
{"title":"Temporary Skeletal Anchorage for camouflaging Class III Malocclusions","authors":"D Martin Salvador MD DDS MS, J Aznar Arraiz DDS MS PhD, P Arias-Camisón DDS MS, A. Canábez Berthet MD DDS MS","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"The use of skeletal anchorage for dentoalveolar compensations “camouflaging” in Class III malocclusions in borderline adult patients has become an important treatment alternative. In this article three different types of skeletal anchorage are presented: 1) retromolar miniscrews 2) miniplates with the use of Class III elastics and 3) osseointegrated implants. Furthermore, the three-dimensional nature of class III malocclusions implies that we not only have a sagittal problem but also a transverse and vertical alterations. To resolve transverse discrepancies in many instances we resort to corticotomies to be able to exceed the biological limits.","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.002
V. Özkan, U. Gönner, S. Blasius
The Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (M.A.R.A.) is a Class II fixed functional appliance invented by Douglas E. Toll in 1991. Since then, several modifications to its design have been made. From our perspective as clinicians and long-term users, having treated approximately 1000 cases collectively, the M.A.R.A. appliance is undervalued as a highly effective Class II appliance. Its versatility in addressing individual treatment needs in Class II corrections can be likened to that of a Swiss army knife.
下颌前牙复位矫治器（M.A.R.A.）是道格拉斯-E-托尔（Douglas E. Toll）于 1991 年发明的第二类固定功能矫治器。从那时起，对其设计进行了多次修改。作为临床医生和长期使用者，我们已经治疗了大约 1000 个病例，从我们的角度来看，M.A.R.A.矫治器作为一种高效的二类矫治器被低估了。它在满足 II 类矫治中的个性化治疗需求方面的多功能性可以比作一把瑞士军刀。
{"title":"The evolution of the M.A.R.A. appliance from analogue to digital","authors":"V. Özkan, U. Gönner, S. Blasius","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"The Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (M.A.R.A.) is a Class II fixed functional appliance invented by Douglas E. Toll in 1991. Since then, several modifications to its design have been made. From our perspective as clinicians and long-term users, having treated approximately 1000 cases collectively, the M.A.R.A. appliance is undervalued as a highly effective Class II appliance. Its versatility in addressing individual treatment needs in Class II corrections can be likened to that of a Swiss army knife.","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.009
Francesco Caroccia DDS MSD, Stefania Perrotta PHD DDS MSD, Veronica Giuntini PHD DDS MSD, Björn Ludwig PHD DDS MSD
Mandibular canine impaction and/or transmigration are rare, but how to diagnose and manage these conditions is essential knowledge for every orthodontist. There are several treatment strategies for mandibular canine impaction: orthodontic traction, trans-alveolar transplantation or surgical removal. Orthodontic traction is probably the most complicated solution and requires adequate planning in terms of anchorage control, adequate mechanics and space management. It also requires patient cooperation due to the significant treatment time. This article provides a brief literature review to introduce the management of displaced and impacted mandibular canines and the orthodontic dilemma in their approach. A series of clinical cases are used to illustrate the challenges, possible alternatives, and potential errors and failures.
{"title":"Mandibular displaced canines: Presenting clinical challenges, alternatives, errors, and failures","authors":"Francesco Caroccia DDS MSD, Stefania Perrotta PHD DDS MSD, Veronica Giuntini PHD DDS MSD, Björn Ludwig PHD DDS MSD","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"Mandibular canine impaction and/or transmigration are rare, but how to diagnose and manage these conditions is essential knowledge for every orthodontist. There are several treatment strategies for mandibular canine impaction: orthodontic traction, trans-alveolar transplantation or surgical removal. Orthodontic traction is probably the most complicated solution and requires adequate planning in terms of anchorage control, adequate mechanics and space management. It also requires patient cooperation due to the significant treatment time. This article provides a brief literature review to introduce the management of displaced and impacted mandibular canines and the orthodontic dilemma in their approach. A series of clinical cases are used to illustrate the challenges, possible alternatives, and potential errors and failures.","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.05.012
Jörg Glockengießer, Jens Johannes Bock
{"title":"Design and clinical use of a completely digitally created twin block","authors":"Jörg Glockengießer, Jens Johannes Bock","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2024.06.011
Cheryl Su-Hsyen LAI, Mark Joo Seng GAN, Ching-Chiuan YEN, Kelvin Weng Chiong FOONG
Clinical reasoning is an essential competence to develop in the diagnosis and treatment planning of impacted maxillary canines to ensure good treatment outcomes. It involves skills of radiographic interpretation and mental visualization. To master these, postgraduate students learn to interpret 2D and 3D X-rays to locate these canines accurately. This process demands the creation of mental models of the impaction and resolving it either by envisioning the canine's movement to its correct position or considering its removal. To facilitate this cognitive exercise, a 3D-printed simulator, derived from Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans, serves as a tool to allow students to experiment with various movement simulations, helping them select the most viable treatment approach.
临床推理能力是上颌犬齿撞击的诊断和治疗计划中需要培养的一项基本能力，以确保良好的治疗效果。这涉及到X光片判读和心理可视化技能。为了掌握这些技能，研究生们要学习解读二维和三维 X 射线，以准确定位这些犬齿。这一过程要求建立阻生牙的心理模型，并通过设想将阻生牙移动到正确位置或考虑将其拔除来解决这一问题。为了促进这种认知练习，一个根据锥形束计算机断层扫描图像制作的 3D 打印模拟器可作为一种工具，让学生尝试各种运动模拟，帮助他们选择最可行的治疗方法。
{"title":"Does 3D simulation impact clinical reasoning for orthodontic treatment planning of impacted maxillary canines?","authors":"Cheryl Su-Hsyen LAI, Mark Joo Seng GAN, Ching-Chiuan YEN, Kelvin Weng Chiong FOONG","doi":"10.1053/j.sodo.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical reasoning is an essential competence to develop in the diagnosis and treatment planning of impacted maxillary canines to ensure good treatment outcomes. It involves skills of radiographic interpretation and mental visualization. To master these, postgraduate students learn to interpret 2D and 3D X-rays to locate these canines accurately. This process demands the creation of mental models of the impaction and resolving it either by envisioning the canine's movement to its correct position or considering its removal. To facilitate this cognitive exercise, a 3D-printed simulator, derived from Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans, serves as a tool to allow students to experiment with various movement simulations, helping them select the most viable treatment approach.","PeriodicalId":48688,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Orthodontics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号