Physical Communication最新文献_第8页

RIS-aided NOMA networks: Mitigating multipath fading and Doppler effects for beyond 5G wireless systems ris辅助NOMA网络：缓解5G以上无线系统的多径衰落和多普勒效应

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103025

Agung Mulyo Widodo , Hsing-Chung Chen , Chien-Erh Weng , Binastya Anggara Sekti , Pei-Yu Hsu

In beyond-5G wireless systems, user mobility causes Doppler-driven phase rotation, which changes the way the received signal behaves over time by superimposing multiple paths. Doppler doesn’t just cause a frequency shift; it mainly controls the time-varying complex-envelope magnitude through constructive and destructive interference between propagation routes. This research creates and tests a paradigm for modeling channels that takes into account mobility in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, both when there is a line of sight (LoS) and when there is not (NLoS). Closed-form formulations for the instantaneous received complex envelope are obtained by explicitly integrating distance evolution, Doppler frequency, and RIS phase control. The model shows that envelope fluctuations are mostly caused by phase changes across small observation windows, whereas large-scale route loss stays mostly the same. Simulation results validate that RIS does not eradicate Doppler but rather modifies its expression by requiring coherent phase alignment among reflected components. This phase control greatly reduces deep fades, stabilizes the envelope amplitude, and cuts down on uncontrolled amplitude modulation in both the temporal and frequency domains. Doppler-spectrum and FFT analysis further show that RIS keeps the location of the Doppler peak while making the spectral profile more organized and less scattered. This means that destructive multipath interference is less likely to happen. In circumstances devoid of direct linkages, RIS-enabled reflection enhances array gain and raises the minimum envelope level, hence augmenting resilience against fading caused by mobility. The suggested paradigm makes a clear physical connection between phase evolution caused by the Doppler effect, envelope dynamics, and performance measures at higher levels. This gives a physics-consistent basis for studying and constructing RIS-assisted wireless systems in places where people move about a lot.

在5g以上的无线系统中，用户的移动性会导致多普勒驱动的相位旋转，从而通过叠加多个路径改变接收信号随时间的行为方式。多普勒不仅会引起频移；它主要通过传播路径间的相消干扰来控制时变复包络幅值。本研究创建并测试了一种信道建模范式，该范式考虑了可重构智能表面（RIS）辅助的协作非正交多址（NOMA）系统在有视线（LoS）和没有视线（NLoS）时的移动性。通过显式积分距离演化、多普勒频率和RIS相位控制，获得了瞬时接收复杂包络的封闭形式公式。该模型表明，包络波动主要是由小观测窗口的相位变化引起的，而大规模的路由损失基本保持不变。仿真结果验证了RIS并没有消除多普勒，而是通过要求反射分量之间的相干相位对准来修改其表达。这种相位控制极大地减少了深淡出，稳定了包络幅值，并减少了时域和频域中不受控制的幅度调制。多普勒频谱和FFT分析进一步表明，RIS保持了多普勒峰的位置，同时使光谱剖面更有组织，更少散射。这意味着破坏性多径干扰不太可能发生。在没有直接联系的情况下，RIS-enabled反射增强了阵列增益并提高了最小包络层，从而增强了对移动引起的衰落的恢复能力。所建议的范式在多普勒效应、包络动力学和更高水平的性能测量引起的相位演变之间建立了明确的物理联系。这为在人们经常走动的地方研究和构建ris辅助无线系统提供了物理一致的基础。

{"title":"RIS-aided NOMA networks: Mitigating multipath fading and Doppler effects for beyond 5G wireless systems","authors":"Agung Mulyo Widodo , Hsing-Chung Chen , Chien-Erh Weng , Binastya Anggara Sekti , Pei-Yu Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In beyond-5G wireless systems, user mobility causes Doppler-driven phase rotation, which changes the way the received signal behaves over time by superimposing multiple paths. Doppler doesn’t just cause a frequency shift; it mainly controls the time-varying complex-envelope magnitude through constructive and destructive interference between propagation routes. This research creates and tests a paradigm for modeling channels that takes into account mobility in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems, both when there is a line of sight (LoS) and when there is not (NLoS). Closed-form formulations for the instantaneous received complex envelope are obtained by explicitly integrating distance evolution, Doppler frequency, and RIS phase control. The model shows that envelope fluctuations are mostly caused by phase changes across small observation windows, whereas large-scale route loss stays mostly the same. Simulation results validate that RIS does not eradicate Doppler but rather modifies its expression by requiring coherent phase alignment among reflected components. This phase control greatly reduces deep fades, stabilizes the envelope amplitude, and cuts down on uncontrolled amplitude modulation in both the temporal and frequency domains. Doppler-spectrum and FFT analysis further show that RIS keeps the location of the Doppler peak while making the spectral profile more organized and less scattered. This means that destructive multipath interference is less likely to happen. In circumstances devoid of direct linkages, RIS-enabled reflection enhances array gain and raises the minimum envelope level, hence augmenting resilience against fading caused by mobility. The suggested paradigm makes a clear physical connection between phase evolution caused by the Doppler effect, envelope dynamics, and performance measures at higher levels. This gives a physics-consistent basis for studying and constructing RIS-assisted wireless systems in places where people move about a lot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An optimized detection algorithm for identifying 6-cycles in quasi-cyclic polar codes 准循环极码中6环的优化检测算法

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103044

Elahe Raeisi, Mohammad-Reza Sadeghi

This paper focuses on 6-cycles, a type of short cycles that degrade error-correction performance in quasi-cyclic (QC) polar codes. This is a class of polar codes that achieve significant coding gain, reduced complexity, and high throughput through a protograph-based structure. The 6-cycles are known to harm decoding efficiency in codes graph. We analyze their structural property and key characteristics of this code. Additionally, we propose a novel optimization-based detection method that efficiently identifies these short cycles.

A major contribution of our work is the introduction of a direct connection matrix (D), which is a representation of the code’s graph structure that simplifies the cycle detection. Indeed, this matrix significantly reduces the search space for finding 6-cycles, making the detection process more computationally efficient. Furthermore, we find symmetric and reflection-symmetric structures in QC polar codes. These structures reduce the search complexity to one-fourth of the original search complexity, drastically lowering computational overhead.

Finally, we investigate the distribution of 6-cycles in codes graph of different lengths. Then, via a recursive formula, we examine the number of 6-cycles appearing in polar codes of different lengths.

本文重点研究了准循环（QC）极码中降低纠错性能的短周期——6周期。这是一类极性码，通过基于原型的结构实现显著的编码增益，降低了复杂性和高吞吐量。在码图中，6个周期会影响解码效率。分析了它们的结构特性和关键特性。此外，我们提出了一种新的基于优化的检测方法，可以有效地识别这些短周期。我们工作的一个主要贡献是引入了直接连接矩阵(D)，它是代码图结构的表示，简化了循环检测。实际上，这个矩阵显著减少了寻找6个周期的搜索空间，使得检测过程的计算效率更高。此外，我们还发现了QC极码中的对称和反射对称结构。这些结构将搜索复杂度降低到原始搜索复杂度的四分之一，大大降低了计算开销。最后，我们研究了6环在不同长度码图中的分布。然后，通过一个递归公式，我们检验了在不同长度的极码中出现的6环的数量。

{"title":"An optimized detection algorithm for identifying 6-cycles in quasi-cyclic polar codes","authors":"Elahe Raeisi, Mohammad-Reza Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2026.103044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on 6-cycles, a type of short cycles that degrade error-correction performance in quasi-cyclic (QC) polar codes. This is a class of polar codes that achieve significant coding gain, reduced complexity, and high throughput through a protograph-based structure. The 6-cycles are known to harm decoding efficiency in codes graph. We analyze their structural property and key characteristics of this code. Additionally, we propose a novel optimization-based detection method that efficiently identifies these short cycles.</div><div>A major contribution of our work is the introduction of a <em>direct connection matrix</em> (<strong><em>D</em></strong>), which is a representation of the code’s graph structure that simplifies the cycle detection. Indeed, this matrix significantly reduces the search space for finding 6-cycles, making the detection process more computationally efficient. Furthermore, we find <em>symmetric</em> and <em>reflection-symmetric</em> structures in QC polar codes. These structures reduce the search complexity to one-fourth of the original search complexity, drastically lowering computational overhead.</div><div>Finally, we investigate the distribution of 6-cycles in codes graph of different lengths. Then, via a recursive formula, we examine the number of 6-cycles appearing in polar codes of different lengths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 103044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SMTrans: An efficient automatic modulation recognition network based on the scale-aware modulation transformer SMTrans：一种基于尺度感知调制变压器的高效自动调制识别网络

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102966

Yang Huo, Chao Wang, Jiakai Liang, Keqiang Yue, Wenjun Li

In recent years, with the rapid advancement of deep learning technologies, automatic modulation recognition, as a crucial component of blind signal processing, has attracted extensive attention from the research community. However, most deep learning-based AMR models tend to focus excessively on recognition accuracy while neglecting computational efficiency, posing significant challenges for deployment on embedded and edge devices. In this paper, we propose an efficient automatic modulation recognition network based on a scale-aware modulation unit, which integrates the advantages of convolutional neural networks and Transformers. The proposed architecture effectively reduces both the number of parameters and computational complexity while maintaining high recognition accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves recognition accuracies of 63.27 % and 65.17 % on the RadioML2016.10a and RadioML2016.10b datasets, respectively. Its performance is comparable to state-of-the-art models that require five times more parameters and fifteen times more FLOPs, while also surpassing existing lightweight AMR models in terms of recognition accuracy. Furthermore, to enhance the model’s performance, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the impact of various data augmentation sstrategies, leading to an additional 0.55 % improvement in recognition accuracy.

近年来，随着深度学习技术的飞速发展，自动调制识别作为盲信号处理的重要组成部分，受到了学术界的广泛关注。然而，大多数基于深度学习的AMR模型往往过于关注识别准确性，而忽略了计算效率，这对在嵌入式和边缘设备上的部署构成了重大挑战。本文结合卷积神经网络和变压器的优点，提出了一种基于尺度感知调制单元的高效自动调制识别网络。该结构在保持较高的识别精度的同时，有效地减少了参数的数量和计算复杂度。实验结果表明，该模型在RadioML2016.10a和RadioML2016.10b数据集上的识别准确率分别达到63.27%和65.17%。其性能可与需要5倍以上参数和15倍以上浮点数的最先进模型相媲美，同时在识别精度方面也超过了现有的轻量级AMR模型。此外，为了提高模型的性能，我们深入研究了各种数据增强策略的影响，导致识别精度提高0.55%。

{"title":"SMTrans: An efficient automatic modulation recognition network based on the scale-aware modulation transformer","authors":"Yang Huo, Chao Wang, Jiakai Liang, Keqiang Yue, Wenjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, with the rapid advancement of deep learning technologies, automatic modulation recognition, as a crucial component of blind signal processing, has attracted extensive attention from the research community. However, most deep learning-based AMR models tend to focus excessively on recognition accuracy while neglecting computational efficiency, posing significant challenges for deployment on embedded and edge devices. In this paper, we propose an efficient automatic modulation recognition network based on a scale-aware modulation unit, which integrates the advantages of convolutional neural networks and Transformers. The proposed architecture effectively reduces both the number of parameters and computational complexity while maintaining high recognition accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves recognition accuracies of 63.27 % and 65.17 % on the RadioML2016.10a and RadioML2016.10b datasets, respectively. Its performance is comparable to state-of-the-art models that require five times more parameters and fifteen times more FLOPs, while also surpassing existing lightweight AMR models in terms of recognition accuracy. Furthermore, to enhance the model’s performance, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the impact of various data augmentation sstrategies, leading to an additional 0.55 % improvement in recognition accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 102966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of UAV-aided communication systems with non-uniform linear array reconfigurable intelligent surface 具有非均匀线阵可重构智能曲面的无人机辅助通信系统优化

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102958

Qian Zeng , Hao Fei , Jia Huang , Dong Chen , Sheng Bang Zhou

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can serve as aerial mobile base stations, whereas Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is capable of establishing new communication links between UAV and users when obstacles block their direct line of sight. However, the performance bound of the RIS based on uniform arrangements is highly dependent on the number of RIS elements, and an increase in the number of RIS elements leads to non-negligible power consumption. Therefore, this study focuses on maximizing the average rate of UAV communication systems by jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory, RIS phase shifts, and the RIS topology matrix under the condition of a limited number of RIS elements. This is a mixed-integer non-convex programming problem involving discrete variables and complex continuous variables, which is difficult to solve using traditional convex optimization algorithms. To this end, this study proposes an innovative solution. First, a non-uniform linear array (NULA) RIS is designed, providing additional spatial degrees of freedom for these elements. We then designed a joint optimization algorithm based on the Hybrid Adaptive Genetic Algorithm and Greedy Algorithm (HAGA-Greedy) to solve this problem. The algorithm obtains an effective approximate solution by alternating the Hybrid Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (HAGA) and the Greedy Algorithm, where HAGA is responsible for solving the subproblem of the UAV trajectory and RIS phase shifts, while the Greedy Algorithm is used to solve the subproblem of the RIS topology matrix. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that, compared to the benchmark algorithms, the proposed scheme can improve the average rate regardless of the scale of the RIS element. Furthermore, compared with traditional uniform arrays, the NULA RIS not only enhances the average rate but also reduces the hardware cost of the RIS.

无人驾驶飞行器（UAV）可以作为空中移动基站，而可重构智能表面（RIS）能够在障碍物阻挡其直接视线时在UAV和用户之间建立新的通信链路。然而，基于均匀排列的RIS的性能边界高度依赖于RIS元素的数量，RIS元素数量的增加导致不可忽略的功耗。因此，本研究的重点是在RIS元素数量有限的情况下，通过联合优化无人机轨迹、RIS相移和RIS拓扑矩阵，使无人机通信系统的平均速率最大化。这是一个包含离散变量和复杂连续变量的混合整数非凸规划问题，传统的凸优化算法难以求解。为此，本研究提出了一个创新的解决方案。首先，设计了非均匀线性阵列（NULA） RIS，为这些元件提供了额外的空间自由度。然后设计了一种基于混合自适应遗传算法和贪心算法（HAGA-Greedy）的联合优化算法来解决这一问题。该算法通过混合自适应遗传算法（HAGA）和贪心算法交替求解得到有效的近似解，其中HAGA算法负责求解无人机轨迹和RIS相移子问题，贪心算法负责求解RIS拓扑矩阵子问题。最后，仿真结果表明，与基准算法相比，无论RIS元素的大小如何，所提方案都能提高平均速率。此外，与传统的均匀阵列相比，NULA RIS不仅提高了平均速率，而且降低了RIS的硬件成本。

{"title":"Optimization of UAV-aided communication systems with non-uniform linear array reconfigurable intelligent surface","authors":"Qian Zeng , Hao Fei , Jia Huang , Dong Chen , Sheng Bang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can serve as aerial mobile base stations, whereas Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is capable of establishing new communication links between UAV and users when obstacles block their direct line of sight. However, the performance bound of the RIS based on uniform arrangements is highly dependent on the number of RIS elements, and an increase in the number of RIS elements leads to non-negligible power consumption. Therefore, this study focuses on maximizing the average rate of UAV communication systems by jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory, RIS phase shifts, and the RIS topology matrix under the condition of a limited number of RIS elements. This is a mixed-integer non-convex programming problem involving discrete variables and complex continuous variables, which is difficult to solve using traditional convex optimization algorithms. To this end, this study proposes an innovative solution. First, a non-uniform linear array (NULA) RIS is designed, providing additional spatial degrees of freedom for these elements. We then designed a joint optimization algorithm based on the Hybrid Adaptive Genetic Algorithm and Greedy Algorithm (HAGA-Greedy) to solve this problem. The algorithm obtains an effective approximate solution by alternating the Hybrid Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (HAGA) and the Greedy Algorithm, where HAGA is responsible for solving the subproblem of the UAV trajectory and RIS phase shifts, while the Greedy Algorithm is used to solve the subproblem of the RIS topology matrix. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that, compared to the benchmark algorithms, the proposed scheme can improve the average rate regardless of the scale of the RIS element. Furthermore, compared with traditional uniform arrays, the NULA RIS not only enhances the average rate but also reduces the hardware cost of the RIS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 102958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient joint recognition of modulation and channel coding using a lightweight multi-type attention convolutional network 基于轻量级多类型注意卷积网络的调制和信道编码的高效联合识别

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102970

Haoning Yang , Hongfei Tao , Chunjie Cao , Yang Sun , Jingcheng Shi , Jingzhang Sun

Blind recognition of modulation and channel coding is a key technique in non-cooperative communications, requiring the receiver to recognize signals without prior knowledge. Most existing approaches typically perform modulation recognition and channel coding recognition separately, leading to resource wastage and error accumulation, while research on joint recognition remains insufficient. To address this problem, a lightweight multitype attention convolutional network (LACNet) is proposed. The network integrates multiple attention modules and combines dilated convolutional residual blocks with the Efficient Channel Attention (ECA). In this way, LACNet extracts discriminative features from different perspectives to achieve joint recognition. The simulation results demonstrate that, compared to existing networks, LACNet achieves higher recognition accuracy on the evaluated dataset, while significantly reducing complexity and computational cost, making it suitable for practical deployment.

调制和信道编码的盲识别是非合作通信中的一项关键技术，它要求接收机在没有先验知识的情况下识别信号。现有方法大多分别进行调制识别和信道编码识别，造成资源浪费和误差积累，而对联合识别的研究不足。为了解决这一问题，提出了一种轻量级的多类型注意卷积网络（LACNet）。该网络集成了多个注意模块，并将扩展卷积残差块与有效通道注意（ECA）相结合。这样，LACNet从不同的角度提取判别特征，实现联合识别。仿真结果表明，与现有网络相比，LACNet在评估数据集上获得了更高的识别精度，同时显著降低了复杂度和计算成本，适合实际部署。

引用次数: 0

Structure constrained blind clustering detector for RIS-Assisted spatial modulation systems ris辅助空间调制系统的结构约束盲聚类检测器

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102976

Lijuan Zhang , Meiqi Liu , Zhongpeng Wang

In this letter, we propose the structure constrained clustering detector (SCCD), a CSI-free blind detector for RIS-assisted received spatial modulation (RIS-RSM) systems. We formulate detection as an unsupervised clustering task and incorporate the RIS-RSM signal structure via a geometric regularizer. First, SCCD adopts a distribution-driven centroid initialization that leverages established amplitude-phase regularities of the RIS-induced equivalent channel, so each initial center approximates the expected received signal for its antenna-symbol pair without using CSI. Then, we augment K-means with a structure-constrained geometric regularizer that aligns every centroid with the model-consistent received-signal pattern, estimate a single global scale from unlabeled data, and update the centroids via a closed-form update that retains K-means-level complexity. Simulation results show that SCCD achieves near maximum likelihood performance across modulation orders and antenna configurations, outperforming existing detection methods in both accuracy and robustness while remaining entirely CSI-free and low complexity.

在这封信中，我们提出了结构约束聚类探测器（SCCD），一种用于ris辅助接收空间调制（RIS-RSM）系统的无csi盲探测器。我们将检测制定为无监督聚类任务，并通过几何正则化器合并RIS-RSM信号结构。首先，SCCD采用分布驱动的质心初始化，该初始化利用ris诱导等效信道已建立的幅相规律，因此每个初始中心近似于其天线符号对的预期接收信号，而无需使用CSI。然后，我们用结构约束的几何正则化器增强K-means，该正则化器将每个质心与模型一致的接收信号模式对齐，从未标记的数据中估计单个全局尺度，并通过保留K-means级别复杂性的封闭形式更新质心。仿真结果表明，SCCD实现了跨调制阶数和天线配置的接近最大似然性能，在精度和鲁棒性方面优于现有的检测方法，同时保持完全无csi和低复杂度。

{"title":"Structure constrained blind clustering detector for RIS-Assisted spatial modulation systems","authors":"Lijuan Zhang , Meiqi Liu , Zhongpeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this letter, we propose the structure constrained clustering detector (SCCD), a CSI-free blind detector for RIS-assisted received spatial modulation (RIS-RSM) systems. We formulate detection as an unsupervised clustering task and incorporate the RIS-RSM signal structure via a geometric regularizer. First, SCCD adopts a distribution-driven centroid initialization that leverages established amplitude-phase regularities of the RIS-induced equivalent channel, so each initial center approximates the expected received signal for its antenna-symbol pair without using CSI. Then, we augment K-means with a structure-constrained geometric regularizer that aligns every centroid with the model-consistent received-signal pattern, estimate a single global scale from unlabeled data, and update the centroids via a closed-form update that retains K-means-level complexity. Simulation results show that SCCD achieves near maximum likelihood performance across modulation orders and antenna configurations, outperforming existing detection methods in both accuracy and robustness while remaining entirely CSI-free and low complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 102976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Semantic security-aware multi-user resource allocation: A novel meaning-first scheduling 语义安全感知的多用户资源分配：一种新的意义优先调度

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102928

Jingyi Lang, Mengdan Ji

This work investigates multi-user task-oriented semantic communications where bandwidth, transmit power, and edge compute cycles are orchestrated jointly under a passive eavesdropper. We define a system-level task utility that captures semantic importance and downstream inference accuracy, and we place two competing scheduling philosophies: a channel-state-first policy that prioritizes favorable propagation conditions, and a semantic-importance-first policy that prioritizes information units with the highest task value per resource. Building on a drift-plus-penalty framework, we develop an online secrecy-aware orchestration algorithm that relies only on causal state information, enforces latency and secrecy through virtual queues and a conditional value-at-risk controller, and exposes a tunable tradeoff between utility optimality and backlog. Each slot decomposes into weighted water-filling for bandwidth and power, lightweight scoring for compute allocation, and optional artificial noise or rate back-off when secrecy risk rises. We conduct extensive simulations for image classification on the ImageNet-100 benchmark using task-driven semantic encoders over Rayleigh and Rician fading with partial knowledge of the eavesdropper channel. Simulation results demonstrate the superior gains of the semantic-importance-first policy over channel-state-first at comparable delay, and a marked reduction in secrecy-outage events when risk control is enabled.

这项工作研究了多用户面向任务的语义通信，其中带宽，传输功率和边缘计算周期在被动窃听器下共同编排。我们定义了一个捕获语义重要性和下游推理准确性的系统级任务实用程序，并放置了两种相互竞争的调度理念：优先考虑有利传播条件的通道状态优先策略，以及优先考虑每个资源具有最高任务值的信息单元的语义重要性优先策略。在漂移加惩罚框架的基础上，我们开发了一种在线保密编排算法，该算法仅依赖于因果状态信息，通过虚拟队列和有条件的风险值控制器强制执行延迟和保密性，并在效用最优性和积压之间进行可调权衡。每个插槽分解为带宽和功率的加权注水，计算分配的轻量级评分，以及保密风险上升时可选的人工噪声或速率后退。我们在ImageNet-100基准上进行了广泛的图像分类模拟，使用任务驱动的语义编码器在瑞利和里奇衰落上，并具有窃听信道的部分知识。仿真结果表明，在可比较的延迟下，语义重要性优先策略比通道状态优先策略的收益更高，并且在启用风险控制时显著减少了保密中断事件。

{"title":"Semantic security-aware multi-user resource allocation: A novel meaning-first scheduling","authors":"Jingyi Lang, Mengdan Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates multi-user task-oriented semantic communications where bandwidth, transmit power, and edge compute cycles are orchestrated jointly under a passive eavesdropper. We define a system-level task utility that captures semantic importance and downstream inference accuracy, and we place two competing scheduling philosophies: a channel-state-first policy that prioritizes favorable propagation conditions, and a semantic-importance-first policy that prioritizes information units with the highest task value per resource. Building on a drift-plus-penalty framework, we develop an online secrecy-aware orchestration algorithm that relies only on causal state information, enforces latency and secrecy through virtual queues and a conditional value-at-risk controller, and exposes a tunable tradeoff between utility optimality and backlog. Each slot decomposes into weighted water-filling for bandwidth and power, lightweight scoring for compute allocation, and optional artificial noise or rate back-off when secrecy risk rises. We conduct extensive simulations for image classification on the ImageNet-100 benchmark using task-driven semantic encoders over Rayleigh and Rician fading with partial knowledge of the eavesdropper channel. Simulation results demonstrate the superior gains of the semantic-importance-first policy over channel-state-first at comparable delay, and a marked reduction in secrecy-outage events when risk control is enabled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 102928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data augmentation via noise injection and VMD for deep learning-based modulation recognition in few-shot scenario 基于噪声注入和VMD的数据增强，用于基于深度学习的调制识别

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102945

Tao Chen , Shilian Zheng

Deep learning has been widely adopted in radio modulation recognition. However, when training data is insufficient, deep learning models are prone to overfitting, leading to a lack of generalization ability. In this letter, we use noise injection as a data augmentation strategy and combine it with variational mode decomposition (VMD) to suppress irrelevant noise components that maintain structural fidelity while exhibiting perturbation diversity. This modulation recognition framework is referred to as VMD-ResNet. We conduct experiments by adding additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), additive general Gaussian noise (AGGN), and pink noise. Compared to the IQ-ResNet method without augmentation, the findings indicate that the level of improvement varies among different modulation types depending on the specific noise added. Comparative experiments confirm that the proposed VMD-ResNet achieves higher overall recognition performance than other few-shot methods. Additionally, we assess the model using unseen noise sequences to further validate its generalization capability. The experimental results demonstrate the method’s enhanced effectiveness for unseen noise.

深度学习在无线电调制识别中得到了广泛的应用。然而，当训练数据不足时，深度学习模型容易出现过拟合，导致泛化能力不足。在这封信中，我们使用噪声注入作为数据增强策略，并将其与变分模态分解（VMD）相结合，以抑制不相关的噪声成分，在保持结构保真度的同时表现出扰动多样性。这个调制识别框架被称为VMD-ResNet。我们通过加性高斯白噪声（AWGN）、加性一般高斯噪声（AGGN）和粉红噪声进行实验。与没有增强的IQ-ResNet方法相比，研究结果表明，不同调制类型的改进水平取决于添加的特定噪声。对比实验表明，所提出的VMD-ResNet方法的整体识别性能优于其他的少弹方法。此外，我们使用看不见的噪声序列来评估模型，以进一步验证其泛化能力。实验结果表明，该方法对不可见噪声有较好的抑制效果。

{"title":"Data augmentation via noise injection and VMD for deep learning-based modulation recognition in few-shot scenario","authors":"Tao Chen , Shilian Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning has been widely adopted in radio modulation recognition. However, when training data is insufficient, deep learning models are prone to overfitting, leading to a lack of generalization ability. In this letter, we use noise injection as a data augmentation strategy and combine it with variational mode decomposition (VMD) to suppress irrelevant noise components that maintain structural fidelity while exhibiting perturbation diversity. This modulation recognition framework is referred to as VMD-ResNet. We conduct experiments by adding additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), additive general Gaussian noise (AGGN), and pink noise. Compared to the IQ-ResNet method without augmentation, the findings indicate that the level of improvement varies among different modulation types depending on the specific noise added. Comparative experiments confirm that the proposed VMD-ResNet achieves higher overall recognition performance than other few-shot methods. Additionally, we assess the model using unseen noise sequences to further validate its generalization capability. The experimental results demonstrate the method’s enhanced effectiveness for unseen noise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 102945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

UAV association and beam planning in NTN-assisted 5G networks: A TLBO framework ntn辅助5G网络中的无人机关联和波束规划：TLBO框架

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102969

Maadoud Djihane, Hamza Abdelkrim, Chabane Dhiya Eddine

This paper addresses the challenge of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) connectivity in dense Aerial Highway (AH) environments, where conventional massive MIMO deployments suffer from severe inter-user channel correlation due to line-of-sight (LoS)-dominant propagation. To overcome these limitations, we propose a joint UAV association and Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) beam planning framework for multi-tier 5G networks integrating terrestrial base stations (TBSs) and HAPS-mounted aerial base stations (ABSs). A tier-aware association metric is designed to capture spatial multiplexing constraints, interference exposure, and large-scale access gain, allowing UAVs to dynamically associate with terrestrial or aerial sectors based on network conditions. To solve the resulting combinatorial optimization problem, an Enhanced Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (ETLBO) algorithm is developed, which jointly optimizes UAV association, beam activation, and per-beam power allocation without requiring algorithm-specific parameters. Extensive simulations confirm that the proposed framework significantly improves the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and data rate performance of UAVs, particularly in the 5%-tile regime, while ensuring reliable coverage for terrestrial users and facilitating seamless UAV-ground coordination in practical deployments.

本文解决了在密集空中公路（AH）环境中无人机（UAV）连接的挑战，在这种环境中，传统的大规模MIMO部署由于视距（LoS）优势传播而遭受严重的用户间信道相关性。为了克服这些限制，我们提出了一种联合无人机关联和同步信号块（SSB）波束规划框架，用于集成地面基站（tbs）和搭载haps的空中基站（abs）的多层5G网络。层感知关联度量被设计用于捕获空间复用约束、干扰暴露和大规模访问增益，允许无人机根据网络条件动态地与地面或空中扇区关联。为了解决由此产生的组合优化问题，提出了一种基于教学-学习的增强型优化算法（ETLBO），该算法在不需要特定算法参数的情况下，对无人机关联、波束激活和每波束功率分配进行联合优化。大量的仿真证实，所提出的框架显著提高了无人机的信噪比（SINR）和数据速率性能，特别是在5%的范围内，同时确保了对地面用户的可靠覆盖，并促进了无人机在实际部署中的无缝地面协调。

{"title":"UAV association and beam planning in NTN-assisted 5G networks: A TLBO framework","authors":"Maadoud Djihane, Hamza Abdelkrim, Chabane Dhiya Eddine","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the challenge of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) connectivity in dense Aerial Highway (AH) environments, where conventional massive MIMO deployments suffer from severe inter-user channel correlation due to line-of-sight (LoS)-dominant propagation. To overcome these limitations, we propose a joint UAV association and Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) beam planning framework for multi-tier 5G networks integrating terrestrial base stations (TBSs) and HAPS-mounted aerial base stations (ABSs). A tier-aware association metric is designed to capture spatial multiplexing constraints, interference exposure, and large-scale access gain, allowing UAVs to dynamically associate with terrestrial or aerial sectors based on network conditions. To solve the resulting combinatorial optimization problem, an Enhanced Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (ETLBO) algorithm is developed, which jointly optimizes UAV association, beam activation, and per-beam power allocation without requiring algorithm-specific parameters. Extensive simulations confirm that the proposed framework significantly improves the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and data rate performance of UAVs, particularly in the 5%-tile regime, while ensuring reliable coverage for terrestrial users and facilitating seamless UAV-ground coordination in practical deployments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 102969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fast low-sidelobe and multinull array pattern synthesis using power transmission efficiency 利用功率传输效率快速合成低旁瓣和多线阵方向图

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102959

Yida Fan , Lijuan Li , Ravi Kumar Arya , Junwei Dong , Shiyuan Kong

This paper introduces a fast low-sidelobe and multinull pattern synthesis method for arbitrarily configured array antennas by leveraging wireless power transmission theory. In this method, we formulate the pattern optimization objective, derive the optimal excitation distribution function, and detail the step-by-step implementation of the proposed method. By transforming joint constraints into a single-variable implicit equation through mathematical reformulation, the array excitation can be solved rapidly. Simulation results demonstrate the method’s capability to synthesize low-sidelobe radiation patterns with deep nulling interference suppression in arrays featuring non-uniform element distributions, conformal antennas, and sparse 2D configurations. Compared to Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and traditional Chebyshev synthesis techniques, our approach achieves faster computation speeds and lower complexity while maintaining equivalent sidelobe levels, reducing the required element count by 11.1 % for equivalent performance. Experimental validation via near-field measurements of radiation patterns of 1D patch array and a 2D phased array confirms the method’s efficacy. The proposed technique is particularly suitable for low-sidelobe antenna design, directional interference suppression array design, and time-sensitive applications such as real-time phased array beam steering.

利用无线电力传输理论，提出了一种针对任意配置阵列天线的低旁瓣多方向图快速合成方法。在该方法中，我们制定了模式优化目标，推导了最优激励分布函数，并详细介绍了该方法的逐步实现。通过数学重构将关节约束转化为单变量隐式方程，可以快速求解阵列激励问题。仿真结果表明，该方法能够在具有非均匀元分布、共形天线和稀疏二维结构的阵列中合成具有深度消零干扰抑制的低旁瓣辐射方向图。与奇异值分解（SVD）和传统的切比雪夫合成技术相比，我们的方法在保持等效旁瓣电平的同时实现了更快的计算速度和更低的复杂性，将等效性能所需的元件数量减少了11.1%。通过对一维贴片阵列和二维相控阵辐射方向图的近场测量验证了该方法的有效性。该技术特别适用于低旁瓣天线设计、方向干扰抑制阵列设计以及实时相控阵波束转向等时间敏感应用。

{"title":"Fast low-sidelobe and multinull array pattern synthesis using power transmission efficiency","authors":"Yida Fan , Lijuan Li , Ravi Kumar Arya , Junwei Dong , Shiyuan Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a fast low-sidelobe and multinull pattern synthesis method for arbitrarily configured array antennas by leveraging wireless power transmission theory. In this method, we formulate the pattern optimization objective, derive the optimal excitation distribution function, and detail the step-by-step implementation of the proposed method. By transforming joint constraints into a single-variable implicit equation through mathematical reformulation, the array excitation can be solved rapidly. Simulation results demonstrate the method’s capability to synthesize low-sidelobe radiation patterns with deep nulling interference suppression in arrays featuring non-uniform element distributions, conformal antennas, and sparse 2D configurations. Compared to Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and traditional Chebyshev synthesis techniques, our approach achieves faster computation speeds and lower complexity while maintaining equivalent sidelobe levels, reducing the required element count by 11.1 % for equivalent performance. Experimental validation via near-field measurements of radiation patterns of 1D patch array and a 2D phased array confirms the method’s efficacy. The proposed technique is particularly suitable for low-sidelobe antenna design, directional interference suppression array design, and time-sensitive applications such as real-time phased array beam steering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 102959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0