Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.001
Suman Sarkar, Derya Sinanoğlu, N. ÖZGEN-ERDEM
{"title":"Crustose red algae in deep time environments: Palaeoecological insights from northeastern India and Turkey","authors":"Suman Sarkar, Derya Sinanoğlu, N. ÖZGEN-ERDEM","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140796795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2023.02.004
Yu-Ze Huang , Yu-Ping Qi , Qiu-Lai Wang , Le Yao , Ji-Tao Chen
The Naqing section in Luodian (Guizhou, South China) contains a deep-water carbonate-dominated succession of the Late Devonian through the Permian. In this study, 72 conodonts species/subspecies of 11 genera were obtained from the lower part of this section including. Seven middle to late Famennian and four early to late Tournaisian conodont biozones were recognized as, in ascending order, Palmatolepis marginifera marginifera Zone, Palmatolepis marginifera utahensis Zone, Polygnathus granulosus Zone, Palmatolepis rugosa trachytera Zone, Polygnathus styriacus Zone, Palmatolepis gracilis manca Zone, Palmatolepis rugosa rugosa Zone, Siphonodella isosticha Zone, Gnathodus punctatus Zone, Gnathodus typicus-Gnathodus cuneiformis Zone, and Gnathodus typicus-Protognathodus cordiformis Zone. Several key conodont biozones across the Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary (DCB) interval found elsewhere are not discovered in the Naqing section, likely due to a conodont-barren interval in the siliciclastic facies. The middle Famennian–late Tournaisian conodont biozones illustrated in this study provide a robust chronostratigraphic framework for further research on biotic and paleo-environmental events during the Late Devonian through Early Mississippian critical greenhouse-icehouse climate transition.
{"title":"Latest Devonian–Early Mississippian conodont biostratigraphy in the Naqing section, Guizhou, South China","authors":"Yu-Ze Huang , Yu-Ping Qi , Qiu-Lai Wang , Le Yao , Ji-Tao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The Naqing section in Luodian (Guizhou, South China) contains a deep-water carbonate-dominated succession of the Late Devonian<span> through the Permian<span>. In this study, 72 conodonts species/subspecies of 11 genera were obtained from the lower part of this section including. Seven middle to late Famennian and four early to late </span></span></span>Tournaisian<span> conodont biozones were recognized as, in ascending order, </span></span><em>Palmatolepis marginifera marginifera</em> Zone, <em>Palmatolepis marginifera utahensis</em> Zone, <em>Polygnathus granulosus</em> Zone, <em>Palmatolepis rugosa trachytera</em> Zone, <em>Polygnathus styriacus</em> Zone, <em>Palmatolepis gracilis manca</em> Zone, <em>Palmatolepis rugosa rugosa</em> Zone, <em>Siphonodella isosticha</em> Zone, <em>Gnathodus punctatus</em> Zone, <em>Gnathodus typicus</em>-<em>Gnathodus cuneiformis</em> Zone, and <em>Gnathodus typicus</em>-<em>Protognathodus cordiformis</em> Zone. Several key conodont biozones across the Devonian–Carboniferous Boundary (DCB) interval found elsewhere are not discovered in the Naqing section, likely due to a conodont-barren interval in the siliciclastic facies. The middle Famennian–late Tournaisian conodont biozones illustrated in this study provide a robust chronostratigraphic framework for further research on biotic and paleo-environmental events during the Late Devonian through Early Mississippian critical greenhouse-icehouse climate transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44854964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.002
Mohamed Rashwan, Mona Mandor, M. El Hedeny, Ahmed El-Sabbagh, O. Vinn, Abdullah A. Alkahtane, Saleh Al Farraj
{"title":"Taphonomy of the middle Miocene regular echinoid spines from Cairo-Suez District, Egypt: Palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental interpretations","authors":"Mohamed Rashwan, Mona Mandor, M. El Hedeny, Ahmed El-Sabbagh, O. Vinn, Abdullah A. Alkahtane, Saleh Al Farraj","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phu Kao-Phu Phan Kham Mountain ranges, situated on the border of Nong Bua Lamphu, Udon Thani, and Khon Kaen provinces, northeastern Thailand, bear several localities that yield dinosaurs and other vertebrate faunas in the Lower Cretaceous. However, this area has received relatively little attention from the scientific community and the public. Here we review and report new dinosaur materials recovered from this region, some found decades ago, others discovered recently. We identify and discuss their taxonomy and paleobiodiversity. In the Barremian Sao Khua Formation, theropod dinosaurs were represented by spinosaurids, an early branching megaraptoran, a large indeterminate theropod, and small indeterminate theropods. Sauropods were represented by an indeterminate sauropod, a neosauropod, and titanosauriforms, including probable brachiosaurid and non-titanosaur somphospondylans. Other vertebrate groups, including crocodilians, turtles, fishes, and sharks, indicate a similar composition to other Sao Khua Formation communities in northeastern Thailand. The Sao Khua vertebrate assemblage exhibits the taxonomic diversity of dinosaur fauna and is currently the best-documented assemblage in the Early Cretaceous of Southeast Asia. The Aptian–Albian Khok Kruat Formation, however, yields less diverse vertebrates. They are represented by freshwater sharks, crocodilians, and spinosaurid theropods. This may be due to sampling bias, environmental, or taphonomic conditions. This study provides the basis for future paleontological exploration and research of Mesozoic vertebrates in northeastern Thailand.
{"title":"Dinosaur fauna from the Lower Cretaceous of Phu Kao-Phu Phan Kham, northeastern Thailand: a review and update","authors":"Adun Samathi , Suravech Suteethorn , Tanachot Boonjarern , Krishna Sutcha , Varavudh Suteethorn","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phu Kao-Phu Phan Kham Mountain ranges, situated on the border of Nong Bua Lamphu, Udon Thani, and Khon Kaen provinces, northeastern Thailand, bear several localities that yield dinosaurs and other vertebrate faunas in the Lower Cretaceous<span><span>. However, this area has received relatively little attention from the scientific community and the public. Here we review and report new dinosaur materials recovered from this region, some found decades ago, others discovered recently. We identify and discuss their taxonomy and paleobiodiversity. In the Barremian Sao Khua Formation, theropod dinosaurs were represented by spinosaurids, an early branching megaraptoran, a large indeterminate theropod, and small indeterminate theropods. Sauropods were represented by an indeterminate sauropod, a neosauropod, and titanosauriforms, including probable brachiosaurid and non-titanosaur somphospondylans. Other vertebrate groups, including </span>crocodilians<span>, turtles, fishes, and sharks, indicate a similar composition to other Sao Khua Formation communities in northeastern Thailand. The Sao Khua vertebrate assemblage exhibits the taxonomic diversity of dinosaur fauna and is currently the best-documented assemblage in the Early Cretaceous of Southeast Asia. The Aptian–Albian Khok Kruat Formation, however, yields less diverse vertebrates. They are represented by freshwater sharks, crocodilians, and spinosaurid theropods. This may be due to sampling bias, environmental, or taphonomic conditions. This study provides the basis for future paleontological exploration and research of Mesozoic vertebrates in northeastern Thailand.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46532971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.005
Azucena Molina-Solís , Christopher J. Cleal , Eliott Capel , Borja Cascales-Miñana
During recent years, different studies have focused on characterising plant diversities in the Carboniferous environments of the Variscan Foreland. One of these areas, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Coalfield, has a Namurian–Westphalian sequence that has historically yielded abundant evidence of vegetation change, but to date, little attention has been paid to its macrofloral diversity dynamics. Here we show, for the first time, a comprehensive characterisation of the diversity changes and macroevolutionary patterns from this coalfield. The results show evidence of low levels of species richness during the Namurian, followed by an exponential diversification at the base of Westphalian. Duckmantian–Bolsovian species diversity continues to progressively increase, suggesting relatively stable conditions at that time. Maximum species richness is observed at the mid-Bolsovian followed by a major depletion during the Asturian. Overall, this pattern is quite similar to that seen in other parts of the Variscan Foreland. However, we see Nord-Pas-de-Calais vegetation diversified earlier than those in the British parts, probably because the dynamics of marine incursions and lacustrine conditions delayed its development in the latter areas. Furthermore, we also see the Asturian decline of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais coal swamp occurred later than in other basins, such as in the Pennines, Ruhr, and South Wales. This scenario suggests that the collapse of this biome was probably caused by increased sediment influx and reduced subsidence, resulting from the northwards migration of the Variscan Mountains. This further supports other studies in Europe advocating that climate change was at most only a subsidiary factor in the collapse of the Pennsylvanian coal swamp biomes.
{"title":"Vegetation dynamics in the Early–Middle Pennsylvanian coal swamps of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Coalfield, France","authors":"Azucena Molina-Solís , Christopher J. Cleal , Eliott Capel , Borja Cascales-Miñana","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During recent years, different studies have focused on characterising plant diversities in the Carboniferous environments of the Variscan<span><span> Foreland. One of these areas, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Coalfield, has a Namurian–Westphalian sequence that has historically yielded abundant evidence of vegetation change, but to date, little attention has been paid to its macrofloral diversity dynamics. Here we show, for the first time, a comprehensive characterisation of the diversity changes and macroevolutionary patterns from this coalfield. The results show evidence of low levels of species richness during the Namurian, followed by an exponential diversification at the base of </span>Westphalian<span>. Duckmantian–Bolsovian species diversity<span> continues to progressively increase, suggesting relatively stable conditions at that time. Maximum species richness is observed at the mid-Bolsovian followed by a major depletion during the Asturian. Overall, this pattern is quite similar to that seen in other parts of the Variscan Foreland. However, we see Nord-Pas-de-Calais vegetation diversified earlier than those in the British parts, probably because the dynamics of marine incursions and lacustrine conditions delayed its development in the latter areas. Furthermore, we also see the Asturian decline of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais coal swamp occurred later than in other basins, such as in the Pennines, Ruhr, and South Wales<span>. This scenario suggests that the collapse of this biome was probably caused by increased sediment influx and reduced subsidence, resulting from the northwards migration of the Variscan Mountains. This further supports other studies in Europe advocating that climate change was at most only a subsidiary factor in the collapse of the Pennsylvanian coal swamp biomes.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42439688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.002
Jia Li , Shi-Tao Zhang , Xue-Yan Li , Cong-Li Xu , Yuan Zhu , Ruo-Han Zuo , Lin-Bo Jia
Whether East Asian relict plants have recently taken refuge in their extant ranges or have long been inhabitants in those areas remains uncertain due to insufficient fossil records. Here, we report well-preserved new fossil fruit valves of an East Asian relict genus, Craigia, from the late Eocene of Southwest China, in its extant geographic range. The front projection of these fruit valves has a vertical crease in the middle and pinnate veins, whereas their back projection possesses a stout vascular bundle in the middle separating two flask-shaped locules. Morphological comparisons suggest the placement of these fruit valves within the fossil species, C. oregonensis. Based on recent fossil records, Craigia possibly originated in the high latitudes of Northeast Asia during the Paleocene. It migrated to Southwest China by passing through Central Asia and Tibet when the climate in these areas was warm and wet during the early Paleogene. Our finding of Craigia fruit valves in Southwest China suggests that the genus arrived in and has inhabited its extant geographical range, at least since ∼34 million years ago (late Eocene).
由于化石记录不足,东亚孑遗植物是最近才在其现存分布区避难还是长期居住在这些地区仍不确定。在此,我们报告了一种保存完好的东亚孑遗植物--裂果属(Craigia)的新果瓣化石,该化石产于中国西南晚始新世,在其现存地理范围内。这些果瓣的正面突起中间有一条垂直的折痕和羽状脉,而背面突起中间有一条粗壮的维管束,将两个瓶形的子房分隔开来。形态学比较表明,这些果瓣属于化石物种 C. oregonensis。根据最近的化石记录,Craigia 可能起源于古新世时期的东北亚高纬度地区。当中亚和西藏在古新世早期气候温暖潮湿时,它通过这些地区迁移到中国西南地区。我们在中国西南地区发现的克雷吉亚果瓣(Craigia fruit valves)表明,至少在距今3400万年前(始新世晚期),克雷吉亚果瓣(Craigia fruit valves)就已经来到并栖息在现存的地理范围内。
{"title":"New fossils reveal the Paleogene establishment of relict Craigia (Malvaceae) in its extant range","authors":"Jia Li , Shi-Tao Zhang , Xue-Yan Li , Cong-Li Xu , Yuan Zhu , Ruo-Han Zuo , Lin-Bo Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Whether East Asian relict plants have recently taken refuge in their extant ranges or have long been inhabitants in those areas remains uncertain due to insufficient fossil records. Here, we report well-preserved new fossil fruit valves of an East Asian relict genus, </span><em>Craigia</em><span>, from the late Eocene of Southwest China, in its extant geographic range. The front projection of these fruit valves has a vertical crease in the middle and pinnate veins, whereas their back projection possesses a stout vascular bundle in the middle separating two flask-shaped locules. Morphological comparisons suggest the placement of these fruit valves within the fossil species, </span><em>C</em>. <em>oregonensis</em>. Based on recent fossil records, <em>Craigia</em><span><span><span> possibly originated in the high latitudes of Northeast Asia during the Paleocene. It migrated to Southwest China by passing through </span>Central Asia and </span>Tibet<span> when the climate in these areas was warm and wet during the early Paleogene. Our finding of </span></span><em>Craigia</em> fruit valves in Southwest China suggests that the genus arrived in and has inhabited its extant geographical range, at least since ∼34 million years ago (late Eocene).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43934768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2023.02.001
Alessio Iannucci
The long-lost mammal fauna from Gravitelli (Messina, Sicily, Italy) represents one of the most important records for investigating faunal dynamics during the Late Miocene of the Mediterranean, although it is unfortunately only known from descriptions carried out in the early 1900s, as the original collection was lost during the Messina Earthquake of 1908. Gravitelli suids have been referred to Propotamochoerus sp. after the redescription of the casts of two specimens that survived to the present day. However, there is further material that has not been considered, which makes that of Gravitelli one of the most abundant samples of Late Miocene suids from Italy, with a minimum number of four individuals represented. A reappraisal of all Gravitelli suids allows to ascribe them to Propotamochoerus provincialis (Suinae, Dicoryphochoerini), following a comparison with related Late Miocene to Pliocene species from Eurasia. Moreover, the re-examination of the geological setting of the locality reveals that the mammal fauna of Gravitelli occurred well below the pre-evaporitic deposits of the Tripoli Formation, whose base is dated in Sicily at ∼7 Ma. Therefore, Gravitelli fauna either dates to the late Tortonian or, at most, to the earliest pre-evaporitic Messinian, corresponding to MN 11 or MN 12 in terms of mammal biochronology. This implies that the occurrence of P. provincialis at Gravitelli is the earliest in Italy and that emerged land masses connected Sicily with the European mainland earlier than 7 Ma. Available dates support a diachronous dispersal of Propotamochoerus in western Europe during the Turolian, being first known from the Balkans ∼8.3 Ma, then from Gravitelli prior to 7 Ma, and then from the Iberian Peninsula since ∼6.2 Ma. A similar pattern is known for Mesopithecus (Cercopithecidae). Although often discussed in light of its potential significance for Afro-Eurasian dispersals, only a fraction of the mammal fauna of Gravitelli has been reconsidered systematically. Notwithstanding the necessity of such dedicated studies, the faunal elements identified so far have an almost entirely European character and no species is shared with Cessaniti (Calabria), despite the two faunas have often been considered part of a paleobioprovince documenting a connection between southern Italy and northern Africa. At Gravitelli, the only species of African origin is the endemic hippo Hexaprotodon? siculus, but the extensive fossil record of insular hippopotamids testifies to their ability to colonize islands even in the absence of land bridges. Gravitelli hippos are nonetheless noteworthy, as the revised age of the site implies that they represent the earliest hippopotamids known outside Africa.
{"title":"A reappraisal of the lost suids from the Late Miocene of Gravitelli (Sicily, Italy) and paleobiogeographical implications","authors":"Alessio Iannucci","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The long-lost mammal fauna from Gravitelli (Messina, Sicily, Italy) represents one of the most important records for investigating faunal dynamics during the Late Miocene of the Mediterranean, although it is unfortunately only known from descriptions carried out in the early 1900s, as the original collection was lost during the Messina Earthquake of 1908. Gravitelli suids have been referred to </span><em>Propotamochoerus</em> sp. after the redescription of the casts of two specimens that survived to the present day. However, there is further material that has not been considered, which makes that of Gravitelli one of the most abundant samples of Late Miocene suids from Italy, with a minimum number of four individuals represented. A reappraisal of all Gravitelli suids allows to ascribe them to <em>Propotamochoerus provincialis</em><span><span> (Suinae, Dicoryphochoerini), following a comparison with related Late Miocene to Pliocene<span> species from Eurasia<span>. Moreover, the re-examination of the geological setting of the locality reveals that the mammal fauna of Gravitelli occurred well below the pre-evaporitic deposits of the Tripoli Formation, whose base is dated in Sicily at ∼7 Ma. Therefore, Gravitelli fauna either dates to the late Tortonian or, at most, to the earliest pre-evaporitic </span></span></span>Messinian<span>, corresponding to MN 11 or MN 12 in terms of mammal biochronology. This implies that the occurrence of </span></span><em>P</em>. <em>provincialis</em> at Gravitelli is the earliest in Italy and that emerged land masses connected Sicily with the European mainland earlier than 7 Ma. Available dates support a diachronous dispersal of <em>Propotamochoerus</em><span> in western Europe during the Turolian<span>, being first known from the Balkans ∼8.3 Ma, then from Gravitelli prior to 7 Ma, and then from the Iberian Peninsula since ∼6.2 Ma. A similar pattern is known for </span></span><em>Mesopithecus</em><span> (Cercopithecidae). Although often discussed in light of its potential significance for Afro-Eurasian dispersals, only a fraction of the mammal fauna of Gravitelli has been reconsidered systematically. Notwithstanding the necessity of such dedicated studies, the faunal elements identified so far have an almost entirely European character and no species is shared with Cessaniti (Calabria), despite the two faunas have often been considered part of a paleobioprovince documenting a connection between southern Italy and northern Africa. At Gravitelli, the only species of African origin is the endemic hippo </span><em>Hexaprotodon</em>? <em>siculus</em>, but the extensive fossil record of insular hippopotamids testifies to their ability to colonize islands even in the absence of land bridges. Gravitelli hippos are nonetheless noteworthy, as the revised age of the site implies that they represent the earliest hippopotamids known outside Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44825254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2023.01.013
Andrea Benedetti , Cesare Andrea Papazzoni , Francesca Bosellini , Luca Giusberti , Eliana Fornaciari
The Eocene of Collio (easternmost Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeastern Italy) contains rich larger foraminiferal assemblages mainly dominated by nummulitids of genera Nummulites and Assilina. Herein, we document, by typological and biometric approaches, upper Ypresian to lower Lutetian taxa, dated by an integrated biostratigraphy combining the Shallow Benthic Zones (SBZ) with the nannofossil biozones. A total of seven species of Alveolina, 12 species of Assilina and 33 of Nummulites are described (in Appendix A), some of them left in open nomenclature. The larger foraminiferal assemblages indicate that all the collected samples are assignable to SBZ12 and SBZ13 and their high diversity suggests high resilience of these shallow-water taxa after the Early Eocene Climate Optimum warming event. The occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Blackites inflatus together with Alveolina violae Nummulites friulanus, N. campesinus, N. quasilaevigatus, Assilina maior maior and A. cuvillieri, typical SBZ12 markers, suggests that SBZ12 extends at least to the basal Lutetian, thus the SBZ12/13 boundary occurs in the lowermost Lutetian instead of at the Ypresian/Lutetian transition.
{"title":"High-diversity larger foraminiferal assemblages calibrated with calcareous nannoplankton biozones in the aftermath of EECO (Collio, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeastern Italy)","authors":"Andrea Benedetti , Cesare Andrea Papazzoni , Francesca Bosellini , Luca Giusberti , Eliana Fornaciari","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Eocene of Collio (easternmost Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeastern Italy) contains rich larger foraminiferal assemblages mainly dominated by nummulitids of genera <em>Nummulites</em> and <em>Assilina</em>. Herein, we document, by typological and biometric approaches, upper Ypresian to lower Lutetian taxa, dated by an integrated biostratigraphy combining the Shallow Benthic Zones (SBZ) with the nannofossil biozones. A total of seven species of <em>Alveolina</em>, 12 species of <em>Assilina</em> and 33 of <em>Nummulites</em> are described (in <span>Appendix A</span>), some of them left in open nomenclature. The larger foraminiferal assemblages indicate that all the collected samples are assignable to SBZ12 and SBZ13 and their high diversity suggests high resilience of these shallow-water taxa after the Early Eocene Climate Optimum warming event. The occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil <em>Blackites inflatus</em> together with <em>Alveolina violae Nummulites friulanus</em>, <em>N</em>. <em>campesinus</em>, <em>N</em>. <em>quasilaevigatus</em>, <em>Assilina maior maior</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>cuvillieri</em>, typical SBZ12 markers, suggests that SBZ12 extends at least to the basal Lutetian, thus the SBZ12/13 boundary occurs in the lowermost Lutetian instead of at the Ypresian/Lutetian transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871174X23000136/pdfft?md5=1941e420729e1e0cd814064ed846f866&pid=1-s2.0-S1871174X23000136-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45932036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of past pathologies by means of quantitative reports is an underexplored approach to deal with the biology and ecology of extinct taxa. In the present study, we assessed the prevalence rate of primary osteoarthritis in a large sample of Prolagus sardus (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) from Medusa Cave (also known as Grotta Dragonara, Sardinia, Italy; Late Pleistocene) to shed light on the evolutionary history of small mammals under isolation regimes. The hip and knee joints of 246 femora were examined grossly, microscopically, and using advanced radiology, recording essential biological features such as age or weight. We noted that 27.7% of skeletally mature sample had degenerative disorder of the joints, with higher frequency in adults (p-value < 0.05), regardless of their body mass (p-value > 0.05). Histologically, affected joints displayed changes in subchondral plate potentially reflecting adaptive modeling. Our analysis revealed ageing (the extended lifespan) as the main driver of this prevalence rate, whereas mechanical factors (caused by a particular lifestyle) were considered of significantly lesser importance. Our results provide additional empirical support to the analytical framework of life history theory from a new perspective, according to which, under low extrinsic mortality regimes, selection should favor slow-strategies (extended lifespan) in small-sized mammals.
{"title":"The extinct osteoarthritic lagomorphs (Prolagus sardus) from Sardinia (Italy) reveal further evidence of life history evolution in insular domains","authors":"Blanca Moncunill-Solé , Boaz Arzi , Barbro Filliquist , Natalia Vapniarsky , Regina Zavodovskaya , Chiara Angelone","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of past pathologies by means of quantitative reports is an underexplored approach to deal with the biology and ecology of extinct taxa. In the present study, we assessed the prevalence rate of primary osteoarthritis in a large sample of <em>Prolagus sardus</em> (Mammalia, Lagomorpha) from Medusa Cave (also known as Grotta Dragonara, Sardinia, Italy; Late Pleistocene) to shed light on the evolutionary history of small mammals under isolation regimes. The hip and knee joints of 246 femora were examined grossly, microscopically, and using advanced radiology, recording essential biological features such as age or weight. We noted that 27.7% of skeletally mature sample had degenerative disorder of the joints, with higher frequency in adults (p-value < 0.05), regardless of their body mass (p-value > 0.05). Histologically, affected joints displayed changes in subchondral plate potentially reflecting adaptive modeling. Our analysis revealed ageing (the extended lifespan) as the main driver of this prevalence rate, whereas mechanical factors (caused by a particular lifestyle) were considered of significantly lesser importance. Our results provide additional empirical support to the analytical framework of life history theory from a new perspective, according to which, under low extrinsic mortality regimes, selection should favor slow-strategies (extended lifespan) in small-sized mammals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871174X23000264/pdfft?md5=2e7d16aa79f11e8f8f838c968c98de3b&pid=1-s2.0-S1871174X23000264-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}