This study reports the Teredolites clavatus borings within the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber from the Hammana-Mdeirij outcrop, offering new insights into the taphonomy of a fossil resin. These findings represent one of the oldest known examples of this ichnospecies in fossil resins and are similar in age to borings known from the Jordanian amber. The club-shaped borings produced by marine wood-boring bivalves (most probably piddocks) are interpreted as domichnia belonging to the Teredolites ichnofacies. Four amber pebbles containing well-preserved borings were examined, one of which retains a distinct bioglyph on its interior surface. The impact of interpretation fossil resins as a xylic or lithic substrate is presented, in ichnotaxonomical and paleoenvironmental contexts. The studied specimens support a taphonomic model in which bored amber fragments were reworked and deposited, together with xylite material, during a regressive phase along the Tethyan shoreline. The absence of Apectoichnus and other woodground borings corroborates this interpretation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using trace fossils in amber for reconstructing depositional environments and enhances the ichnological and paleoecological framework of Lebanese amber-bearing sequences with new data.
{"title":"Teredolites clavatus borings in fossil resins and their significance — new data from Cretaceous Lebanese amber","authors":"Błażej Bojarski , Karolina Cierocka , Sahar Azar , Jacek Szwedo","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the <em>Teredolites clavatus</em> borings within the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber from the Hammana-Mdeirij outcrop, offering new insights into the taphonomy of a fossil resin. These findings represent one of the oldest known examples of this ichnospecies in fossil resins and are similar in age to borings known from the Jordanian amber. The club-shaped borings produced by marine wood-boring bivalves (most probably piddocks) are interpreted as domichnia belonging to the Teredolites ichnofacies. Four amber pebbles containing well-preserved borings were examined, one of which retains a distinct bioglyph on its interior surface. The impact of interpretation fossil resins as a xylic or lithic substrate is presented, in ichnotaxonomical and paleoenvironmental contexts. The studied specimens support a taphonomic model in which bored amber fragments were reworked and deposited, together with xylite material, during a regressive phase along the Tethyan shoreline. The absence of <em>Apectoichnus</em> and other woodground borings corroborates this interpretation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using trace fossils in amber for reconstructing depositional environments and enhances the ichnological and paleoecological framework of Lebanese amber-bearing sequences with new data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200982
Hui Min , Rui-Wen Zong , Xun-Lian Wang
The new genus Sericonularia n. gen. is established based on material from the lower Silurian Fentou Formation in Wuhan, China. This genus differs from other conulariids in having extremely thin transverse ribs, thick septa along the corners of the periderm, and flat interspaces. The reproductive mode and the sessile stalk of conulariids have long been controversial. In this study, the holotype of the type species Sericonularia gemmata n. gen. n. sp. provides additional information about possible asexual budding in conulariids; moreover, this specimen offers additional evidence on the structure and morphology of the sessile stalk. We hypothesize that once the buds could live independently, they detached from their parent and then found a suitable substrate; notably, some conulariids used sessile stalks, rather than attachment discs, during their sessile life phase. These stalks appear to have the same structure as the upper periderm. Overall, our observations provide new insights into conulariid affinities and lifestyle.
根据武汉下志留统汾头组的资料，建立了绢虫属（Sericonularia n. gen.）。这个属不同于其他圆锥类在有极薄的横棱，沿周被的角厚的隔，和平的间隙。圆锥植物的生殖方式和无柄茎长期以来一直存在争议。在本研究中，模式种Sericonularia gemmata n. gen. n. sp.的全型为圆锥植物可能的无性出芽提供了额外的信息；此外，该标本为无柄茎的结构和形态提供了额外的证据。我们假设，一旦芽能够独立生活，它们就会从亲本中分离出来，然后找到合适的基质；值得注意的是，一些圆锥植物在其无柄生命阶段使用无柄茎，而不是附着盘。这些茎似乎与上周皮具有相同的结构。总的来说，我们的观察结果提供了新的见解，以了解锥体的亲和力和生活方式。
{"title":"Clonal budding and a sessile stalk in conulariids suggested by a new genus from China","authors":"Hui Min , Rui-Wen Zong , Xun-Lian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The new genus <em>Sericonularia</em> n. gen. is established based on material from the lower Silurian Fentou Formation in Wuhan, China. This genus differs from other conulariids in having extremely thin transverse ribs, thick septa along the corners of the periderm, and flat interspaces. The reproductive mode and the sessile stalk of conulariids have long been controversial. In this study, the holotype of the type species <em>Sericonularia gemmata</em> n. gen. n. sp. provides additional information about possible asexual budding in conulariids; moreover, this specimen offers additional evidence on the structure and morphology of the sessile stalk. We hypothesize that once the buds could live independently, they detached from their parent and then found a suitable substrate; notably, some conulariids used sessile stalks, rather than attachment discs, during their sessile life phase. These stalks appear to have the same structure as the upper periderm. Overall, our observations provide new insights into conulariid affinities and lifestyle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200982"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201015
Sibelle Maksoud , Haig Tabakian
Lebanon has played a pivotal role in the advancement of palaeoentomology and the broader understanding of insect evolution and palaeobiodiversity. This contribution is evidenced by its 39 Cretaceous fossiliferous outcrops, encompassing 32 Early Cretaceous amber localities and several lithological sites (including marl, limestone, and dysodile) bearing fossil insects, in addition to a Jurassic amber occurrence. Despite its relatively small geographic extent, Lebanon constitutes a major palaeohotspot for Mesozoic entomofauna. Its distinctive geological evolution and palaeogeographic setting during the Mesozoic Era have rendered it a region of exceptional continental palaeontological significance. In this study, we provide a revised simplified geological section of the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous amber-bearing deposits containing biological inclusions, along with a comprehensive catalogue of all fossil insects and associated biological inclusions described to date from Lebanese amber.
{"title":"Lebanese amber: A time capsule from the dawn of modern ecosystems","authors":"Sibelle Maksoud , Haig Tabakian","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lebanon has played a pivotal role in the advancement of palaeoentomology and the broader understanding of insect evolution and palaeobiodiversity. This contribution is evidenced by its 39 Cretaceous fossiliferous outcrops, encompassing 32 Early Cretaceous amber localities and several lithological sites (including marl, limestone, and dysodile) bearing fossil insects, in addition to a Jurassic amber occurrence. Despite its relatively small geographic extent, Lebanon constitutes a major palaeohotspot for Mesozoic entomofauna. Its distinctive geological evolution and palaeogeographic setting during the Mesozoic Era have rendered it a region of exceptional continental palaeontological significance. In this study, we provide a revised simplified geological section of the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous amber-bearing deposits containing biological inclusions, along with a comprehensive catalogue of all fossil insects and associated biological inclusions described to date from Lebanese amber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 201015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200988
Jian-Ye Chen , Jun Liu
In the Triassic of North China and Xinjiang, fossils of temnospondyls are common but fragmentary; no specimens have been confidently assigned to the genus level. Recently, a well-preserved temnospondyl skull with mandible was collected from the Heshanggou Formation of Jungar Banner, Nei Mongol, and a new taxon, Huangfuchuansuchus haojiamaoensis n. gen. n. sp. is established based on this specimen. The new taxon is diagnosed by bilobed anterior palatal vacuity with smoothly convex posterior margin, V-shaped transvomerine tooth rows, a shallow notch on the lateral margin of the subtemporal window, cultriform process extension approaching only anterior margin of interpterygoid vacuities, crista muscularis of the parasphenoid confluent in mid-line and anteromedial-posterolaterally positioned. It shows some features of Benthosuchidae but is placed as a basal member of Capitosauria based on phylogenetic analysis and character comparisons.
在华北和新疆三叠纪，颞脊椎骨化石普遍存在，但碎片化；没有标本被确定地归入属级。最近，在内蒙古准噶尔旗河上沟组发现了一具保存完好的带下颌骨的temnospondyl头骨，并在此基础上建立了一个新的分类群Huangfuchuansuchus haojiamaoensis n. gen. n. sp。该新分类群的诊断是：双叶状腭前空，后缘光滑凸，v型横切牙列，颞下窗外侧缘有浅切口，培养状突延伸仅接近蝶间空的前缘，副蝶状突融合的嵴肌层位于中线，前内侧-后外侧定位。根据系统发育分析和性状比较，它显示了底纲动物的一些特征，但被认为是头纲动物的基础成员。
{"title":"A basal member of Capitosauria from the Lower Triassic Heshanggou Formation, China","authors":"Jian-Ye Chen , Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Triassic of North China and Xinjiang, fossils of temnospondyls are common but fragmentary; no specimens have been confidently assigned to the genus level. Recently, a well-preserved temnospondyl skull with mandible was collected from the Heshanggou Formation of Jungar Banner, Nei Mongol, and a new taxon, <em>Huangfuchuansuchus haojiamaoensis</em> n. gen. n. sp. is established based on this specimen. The new taxon is diagnosed by bilobed anterior palatal vacuity with smoothly convex posterior margin, V-shaped transvomerine tooth rows, a shallow notch on the lateral margin of the subtemporal window, cultriform process extension approaching only anterior margin of interpterygoid vacuities, crista muscularis of the parasphenoid confluent in mid-line and anteromedial-posterolaterally positioned. It shows some features of Benthosuchidae but is placed as a basal member of Capitosauria based on phylogenetic analysis and character comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200988"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200995
Lei Zhang , Ying Wu , Fan Zhai , Chen-Zhang Duan , Shan-Shan Fu , Shan Chang , Yan Ye , Can Chen , Xia Wang , Xian-Guo Lang , Qing-Lai Feng , Marie-Béatrice Forel
As phylogenetically basal metazoans, sponges (phylum Porifera) provide crucial insights into the origins of animal biomineralization and early body plan innovation. However, articulated sponge fossils remain exceptionally rare in Ediacaran–Cambrian transition strata, with most records limited to isolated spicules or ambiguous biomineralized structures. This study reports siliceous and phosphatically preserved sponge spicule tufts from the lower Yanjiahe Formation (∼535 Ma, Fortunian Stage) at the Muyangxi section (eastern Three Gorges area, South China). Dominated by monaxons, with co-occurring pentactine spicules, two morphotypes are distinguished: Type 1 tufts comprise slender, hollow monaxons (mean value of the maximum width: ∼15.9 µm, n = 37) with uniform near-parallel alignment, while Type 2 tufts consist of sturdier phosphatized monaxons (mean value of the maximum width: ∼91.1 µm, n = 135) arranged as subparallel bundles, slightly radially oriented arrangements, and sometimes semi-randomly in single layers, occasionally with perpendicular alignments to the adjacent layers. Small curved oxeas in the Type 2 tufts suggest incipient hierarchical organization. Although fragmentary preservation limits taxonomic resolution, these tufts likely represent the earliest unequivocal biomineralized sponges, potentially corresponding to stem-group Demospongiae and/or Hexactinellida (Silicea). In combination with the previous evidences found from the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, we hypothesize that early sponge biomineralization was likely monaxon-dominated, with hexactines arising via axial fusion or increased axis number, culminating in hexactinellid diversification by Terreneuvian Stage 2. Integrated with Small Shelly Fossil Zone 1 biochronology, our findings indicate rapid pre-Fortunian to Fortunian-stage spicule enlargement (≤ 200 μm to ≥ 500 μm) and architectural complexification, aligning with early Cambrian ecological escalation. Alternatively, it is possible that the divergence between Hexactinellida and Demospongiae may predate biomineralization, as their last common ancestor may have lacked siliceous spicules. The Yanjiahe spicules illuminate a critical prelude to the Cambrian sponge explosion, bridging Ediacaran soft-bodied ancestors and later diverse, mineralized clades.
作为系统发育上的基础后生动物，海绵（门Porifera）为动物生物矿化和早期身体结构创新的起源提供了重要的见解。然而，在埃迪卡拉-寒武纪过渡地层中，关节海绵化石仍然非常罕见，大多数记录仅限于孤立的针状体或模糊的生物矿化结构。本文报道了三峡东部木羊溪剖面下延家河组（~ 535 Ma，福图尼期）的硅质和磷化保存的海绵针状簇。以单轴突为主，同时出现五行状针状体，可区分为两种形态：1型簇包括细长中空的单轴突（最大宽度平均值：~ 15.9µm, n = 37），具有均匀的近平行排列，而2型簇由更坚固的磷化单轴突组成(最大宽度平均值：~ 91.1µm, n = 135)排列成亚平行束，略呈放射状排列，有时半随机排列在单层中，偶尔与相邻层垂直排列。2型丛中的小弯曲的牛轭表明了等级组织的初步形成。尽管碎片的保存限制了分类学的分辨率，但这些簇可能代表了最早的明确的生物矿化海绵，可能对应于茎群Demospongiae和/或Hexactinellida （silea）。结合埃迪卡拉-寒武纪过渡时期的证据，我们推测早期海绵生物矿化可能以单轴生物为主，通过轴向融合或轴数增加产生六轴生物，最终在Terreneuvian第2阶段实现六轴生物多样化。结合小Shelly化石带1的生物年代学，研究结果表明，前福尔图尼期至福尔图尼期针状体迅速扩大（≤200 μm至≥500 μm），建筑复杂，与早寒武世的生态升级一致。另外，Hexactinellida和Demospongiae之间的分化可能早于生物矿化，因为它们最后的共同祖先可能缺乏硅质针状体。延家河针状体揭示了寒武纪海绵大爆发的一个重要前奏，连接了埃迪卡拉纪的软体祖先和后来多样化的矿化进化枝。
{"title":"The earliest sponge spicule tufts from the Cambrian Lower Yanjiahe Formation, Three Gorges area, South China","authors":"Lei Zhang , Ying Wu , Fan Zhai , Chen-Zhang Duan , Shan-Shan Fu , Shan Chang , Yan Ye , Can Chen , Xia Wang , Xian-Guo Lang , Qing-Lai Feng , Marie-Béatrice Forel","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As phylogenetically basal metazoans, sponges (phylum Porifera) provide crucial insights into the origins of animal biomineralization and early body plan innovation. However, articulated sponge fossils remain exceptionally rare in Ediacaran–Cambrian transition strata, with most records limited to isolated spicules or ambiguous biomineralized structures. This study reports siliceous and phosphatically preserved sponge spicule tufts from the lower Yanjiahe Formation (∼535 Ma, Fortunian Stage) at the Muyangxi section (eastern Three Gorges area, South China). Dominated by monaxons, with co-occurring pentactine spicules, two morphotypes are distinguished: Type 1 tufts comprise slender, hollow monaxons (mean value of the maximum width: ∼15.9 µm, n = 37) with uniform near-parallel alignment, while Type 2 tufts consist of sturdier phosphatized monaxons (mean value of the maximum width: ∼91.1 µm, n = 135) arranged as subparallel bundles, slightly radially oriented arrangements, and sometimes semi-randomly in single layers, occasionally with perpendicular alignments to the adjacent layers. Small curved oxeas in the Type 2 tufts suggest incipient hierarchical organization. Although fragmentary preservation limits taxonomic resolution, these tufts likely represent the earliest unequivocal biomineralized sponges, potentially corresponding to stem-group Demospongiae and/or Hexactinellida (Silicea). In combination with the previous evidences found from the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, we hypothesize that early sponge biomineralization was likely monaxon-dominated, with hexactines arising via axial fusion or increased axis number, culminating in hexactinellid diversification by Terreneuvian Stage 2. Integrated with Small Shelly Fossil Zone 1 biochronology, our findings indicate rapid pre-Fortunian to Fortunian-stage spicule enlargement (≤ 200 μm to ≥ 500 μm) and architectural complexification, aligning with early Cambrian ecological escalation. Alternatively, it is possible that the divergence between Hexactinellida and Demospongiae may predate biomineralization, as their last common ancestor may have lacked siliceous spicules. The Yanjiahe spicules illuminate a critical prelude to the Cambrian sponge explosion, bridging Ediacaran soft-bodied ancestors and later diverse, mineralized clades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 200995"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201004
Dany Azar , Sibelle Maksoud
Xenophlebotomites eliei n. gen. n. sp. is characterized after a male and female individuals, illustrated, and described from the lower Barremian amber of Hammana/Mdeyrij, central Lebanon. It represents the first phlebotomine fly from Lebanese amber with an incomplete r1-r2+3 cross-vein without reaching R1, wing wide with round tip, and legs relatively short, slightly longer than body length. This phlebotomine has very developed piercing mouthparts and palps bearing Newstead’s sensilla assembled on the fourth palpomere suggesting haematophagous life-mode. The discovery of this Cretaceous psychodid fly constitutes the seventh phlebotomine discovered from the Lebanese amber and improves our knowledge of the palaeobiodiversity of sandflies during the Lower Cretaceous.
Xenophlebotomites eliei n. gen. n. sp.以雌雄个体为特征，在黎巴嫩中部Hammana/Mdeyrij的下巴雷米亚琥珀中进行了说明和描述。它是第一只来自黎巴嫩琥珀的白蛉，具有不完整的R1 -r2+3交叉静脉，未达到R1，翅膀宽，尖端圆，腿相对较短，略长于体长。这种白血鱼有非常发达的刺穿式口器和触须，在第四触须上装配有纽斯特德感受器，表明它的生活方式是噬血的。这种白垩纪精神病蝇的发现构成了从黎巴嫩琥珀中发现的第七种白蛉，并提高了我们对下白垩纪白蛉古生物多样性的认识。
{"title":"Xenophlebotomites eliei, a new genus and species of phlebotomine sandflies from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)","authors":"Dany Azar , Sibelle Maksoud","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Xenophlebotomites eliei</em> n. gen. n. sp. is characterized after a male and female individuals, illustrated, and described from the lower Barremian amber of Hammana/Mdeyrij, central Lebanon. It represents the first phlebotomine fly from Lebanese amber with an incomplete r1-r2+3 cross-vein without reaching R1, wing wide with round tip, and legs relatively short, slightly longer than body length. This phlebotomine has very developed piercing mouthparts and palps bearing Newstead’s sensilla assembled on the fourth palpomere suggesting haematophagous life-mode. The discovery of this Cretaceous psychodid fly constitutes the seventh phlebotomine discovered from the Lebanese amber and improves our knowledge of the palaeobiodiversity of sandflies during the Lower Cretaceous.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 201004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201014
Haig Tabakian
Psychodid flies had a great diversity in Early Cretaceous and were remarkably preserved in the lower Barremian amber of Lebanon. The first two species from Lebanese amber were described by Hennig in 1972, and 20 more species have been added later to the family during the past two decades. In this paper, a review of all the described Psychodidae from the Lebanese amber and an identification key for determination are proposed.
{"title":"Psychodid flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber","authors":"Haig Tabakian","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychodid flies had a great diversity in Early Cretaceous and were remarkably preserved in the lower Barremian amber of Lebanon. The first two species from Lebanese amber were described by Hennig in 1972, and 20 more species have been added later to the family during the past two decades. In this paper, a review of all the described Psychodidae from the Lebanese amber and an identification key for determination are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 6","pages":"Article 201014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145418056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200985
Marina Hakim , Sahar Azar
A new pachytroctid genus and species, Libanopachytrocta planaspinosa n. gen. n. sp., is systematically described and illustrated from an Early Cretaceous (Barremian) amber outcrop in the easternmost region of Lebanon. This new taxon displays two interesting morphological features, one in the forewings (forked anal vein), which has never been reported previously in the family, and another in the maxillary palpomeres (apical palpomere with sigmoidal outer margin and two flattened spines). The Pachytroctidae are the most species-diverse troctomorphan family represented in Lebanese amber. This new discovery showcases the first fossil record of the subfamily Pachytroctinae to date.
在黎巴嫩最东部地区的早白垩世（巴雷米）琥珀露头中，系统地描述和说明了一个新的厚足动物属和种：Libanopachytrocta planaspinosa n. gen. n. sp.。这个新分类群表现出两个有趣的形态特征，一个是在前翼（分叉的肛门静脉），这在以前的科中从未报道过，另一个是在上颌掌柄（顶端掌柄具有s形外缘和两个扁平的刺）。厚形虫科是黎巴嫩琥珀中种类最丰富的原形虫科。这一新发现展示了迄今为止第一个厚皮虫亚科的化石记录。
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Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201003
Michael S. Engel
An enigmatic new family of minute (less than 1 mm in length) proctotrupomorphan wasps is described and figured from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Uroprionulidae n. fam. is established for the new genus and species, Uroprionulus zenobia n. gen. n. sp. from the Bcharreh District of Lebanon. The fossil is a female with an elongate ovipositor and sheaths and with wings superficially resembling those of several extinct families of minute Proctotrupomorpha, such as Alavarommatidae, Archaeoserphitidae, and Spathiopterygidae. The characters of the family are considered in the context of those for other lineages of Proctotrupomorpha and a tentative revised classification is outlined.
从下白垩纪黎巴嫩琥珀中描述和描绘了一种神秘的新小黄蜂（长度小于1毫米）。尿毒杆菌科；为来自黎巴嫩Bcharreh地区的新属和新种Uroprionulus zenobia n. gen. n. sp.建立。该化石为雌性，具有细长的产卵器和鞘，其翅膀表面类似于几个已灭绝的微小直翅虫科，如alavaromatidae， Archaeoserphitidae和Spathiopterygidae。这个家族的特征是在其他直系的背景下考虑的，并概述了一个暂定的修订分类。
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Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201010
Michael S. Engel , Mounir Maalouf , André Nel , Dany Azar
A new genus of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidomorpha) is described and figured from an alate female preserved in amber from the Lower Cretaceous outcrop of Bqaatouta at El-Shqif, central Lebanon. Melqartaphis media n. gen. n. sp., is remarkable for many traits but most notably the presence of three-branched medial vein and a complex structure of terminalia with four tubelike tubercles. The group belongs to the Tajmyraphididae. The genus is diagnosed and its affinities with other Mesozoic lineages of aphids are briefly discussed.
从黎巴嫩中部El-Shqif的Bqaatouta下白垩世露头的琥珀中保存的一只晚期雌性蚜虫中描述和发现了一个新的蚜虫属（半翅目：蚜虫科）。Melqartaphis media n. gen. n. sp，在许多特征上都是显著的，但最显著的是存在三个分支的内侧静脉和具有四个管状结节的复杂终末结构。这一类群属于踏足蛛科。对该属进行了诊断，并简要讨论了它与其他中生代蚜虫谱系的亲缘关系。
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