Palaeoworld最新文献_第7页

Multielement conodont apparatus (Cornudina) from the Lower Triassic of China, revealed by high-resolution X-ray microtomography 中国下三叠统多元素牙形刺器（Cornudina）的高分辨率x射线显微层析成像

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200964

Wu-Jun Xu , Zuo-Yu Sun , Shuang Liu , Cheng Ji , Hao Lu , Zhao-Liang Ma , Fei-Yang Wu , Shou-Ming Chen , Jian-Dong Huang

The apparatus of the coniform conodont genus Cornudina remains equivocal because the previous results were derived from discrete element collections rather than natural assemblages. Four exceptionally preserved natural assemblages collected from bed 719 of the upper Nanlinghu Formation in Majiashan quarry, Chaohu of Hefei City, Anhui Province, East China, were imaged using high-resolution X-ray microtomography. The consistent and repeated patterns of element juxtaposition suggest an apparatus of 15 elements, conforming to the classical 2M-9S-4P skeletal template that comprises three basic morphologies: two breviform dolabrate elements, nine elongate bipennate elements, and four angulate elements. The angulate P₁ and P₂ elements have a distinct cusp, short anterior and posterior processes and the P₂ element is twisted crescent-shaped, which supports a taxonomic assignment to Cornudina breviramulis sensu stricto Koike. Multielement comparisons among Cornudina, Neostrachanognathus, and Hindeodus apparatuses suggest Cornudina and Neostrachanognathus are closely related and possibly derived from Hindeodus. The multi-element comparison between Ordovician ‘complex’ conodont apparatuses (e.g., Paracordylodus and Phragmodus) and Triassic ‘coniform’ apparatuses (e.g., Cornudina and Neostrachanognathus) suggests that the low variation in the elemental forms of the latter is probably a secondary ‘evolution’.

锥形牙形刺属的装置仍然是模棱两可的，因为以前的结果是来自离散元素集合而不是自然组合。利用高分辨率x射线显微层析成像技术，对安徽省合肥市巢湖马家山采石场南陵湖上组719层采集的4个保存特别完好的自然组合进行了成像。元素并置的一致和重复的模式表明了一个由15个元素组成的装置，符合经典的2M-9S-4P骨架模板，包括三种基本形态：两个短形dolabate元素，九个细长的bipenate元素和四个角形元素。P1和P2呈角状，尖部明显，前后突短，P2呈弯月牙状，属于corudina breviramulis sensu stricto Koike。Cornudina、Neostrachanognathus和Hindeodus器械的多元素比较表明Cornudina和Neostrachanognathus亲缘关系密切，可能来源于Hindeodus。奥陶系“复杂”牙形器（如Paracordylodus和Phragmodus）与三叠系“形形”器（如Cornudina和Neostrachanognathus）的多元素比较表明，后者元素形式的低变化可能是二次“进化”。

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引用次数: 0

New findings in the Permian xyloflora of Carapacha Formation (Argentina) 阿根廷Carapacha组二叠纪木区系的新发现

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200962

Paola Zuliani , Alexandra Crisafulli , Ricardo Melchor , Laura Vallejos Leiz

The Carapacha Formation consists of two members: the Calencó (lower) and the Urre-Lauquen (upper), dated as Permian based on its glossopterid flora. The formation outcrops in La Pampa Province, near the locality of Puelches, with sediments of continental origin, fluvio-lacustrine in type. This study describes two gymnosperm woods species. One, from the Calencó Member, is a Cordaitalean assigned to Scleromedulloxylon aveyronense found in the Permian of Aveyron, France, characterized by having a heterocellular pith with islands of sclerenchymatic cells and unorganized lacunae in transverse section. The other specimen, from the Urre-Lauquen Member, is a conifer of uncertain affinity, Zalesskioxylon uniseriatum, previously reported from the Raniganj (India), Yaguarí (Uruguay), and Tacuary (Paraguay) formations. Both woods exhibit secondary xylem features typical of Paleozoic gymnosperms, particularly concerning the radial system and the arrangement of pits in the tracheid walls. These xylological records confirm that the Carapacha Formation comprises another Permian sedimentological sequences that contain woods with diaphragm-solenoid pith such as the taxa found in the Melo (Uruguay), the Río Bonito, and the Irati (Brazil), the White Band (Africa), the Barakar, and the Raniganj (India) formations. This palaeofloristic association is part of the Australoxylon xylotaphoflora characteristic of the Gondwanan Permian. Finally, this study allows us to infer that the environmental conditions in this formation were warm with low humidity and seasonally dry.

Carapacha组由Calencó（下）和Urre-Lauquen（上）两段组成，根据其舌状植物区系可确定为二叠纪。该组露头位于拉潘帕省，靠近普埃尔切斯地区，沉积物为陆相、河流湖相。本研究描述了两个裸子植物树种。其中一个来自Calencó成员，属于法国Aveyron二叠纪的Scleromedulloxylon aveyronense，其特征是具有异细胞髓，具有岛状的厚壁细胞和横剖面上无组织的腔隙。另一个标本来自Urre-Lauquen段，是一种不确定亲缘关系的针叶树，Zalesskioxylon uniseriatum，以前报道过来自Raniganj（印度）、Yaguarí（乌拉圭）和Tacuary（巴拉圭）地层。这两种木材都具有古生代裸子植物的次生木质部特征，特别是在管胞壁的径向系统和凹坑的排列方面。这些木学记录证实，Carapacha组包含另一个二叠纪沉积序列，其中包含具有膜片螺线管髓的木材，例如在Melo（乌拉圭）、Río Bonito、Irati（巴西）、White Band（非洲）、Barakar和Raniganj（印度）组中发现的分类群。这种古植物群组合是冈瓦南二叠纪特有的Australoxylon xylotaphoflora的一部分。最后，本研究使我们推断出该地层的环境条件是温暖，低湿度和季节性干燥。

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引用次数: 0

The oldest known Curvicubitidae (Hemiptera) from the Permian (Wuchiapingian) of Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province, southern China 江西省张树市二叠纪（五家坪纪）已知最古老的弯蝶科（半翅目）

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200959

Qian-Qi Zhang , Lin Mu , Lei Zhang , Xu-Heng Du , Hai-Chun Zhang

As the earliest record of the family Curvicubitidae Hong, 1984, Sinocurvicubitus qingjiangensis n. gen. n. sp. is established based on a cicada tegmen collected from the Laoshan Member of the Leping Formation in the Qingjiang Basin, Jiangxi Province, southern China. This new taxon is characterised by vein R forked at basal 1/3rd tegminal length, indentation at basal 2/3rds length, vein M first forked on nodal line, more developed M and less developed CuA. A Wuchiapingian age for this new species is suggested by the co-occurrence of the ammonoids Araxoceras tricarinatus and Pseudogastrioceras sp. The new find not only extends the known palaeogeographical range of curvicubitids in China, but also suggests an origin of this family in the Palaeozoic. This new record, combined with other records of Curvicubitidae, suggests a possibility of simultaneously northward and southward migration and dispersal of this family during the late Permian to the Late Triassic.

Sinocurvicubitus qingjiangensis n. gen. n. sp.根据江西清江盆地乐平组崂山段的蝉甲，于1984年建立，是curvicutidae科最早记录。该新分类群的特征为脉R在基部1/3顶尖处分叉，脉M在基部2/3处凹陷，脉M在节线上先分叉，脉M较发达，脉CuA较不发达。这一新发现不仅扩大了曲丘类动物在中国已知的古地理分布范围，而且表明曲丘类动物起源于古生代。这一新的记录，结合其他的曲丘虫科记录，表明该科在晚二叠世至晚三叠世期间可能同时向北和向南迁移和分散。

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic evolution of Neorotalia mecatepecensis to Miogypsinidae from Rajamandala Formation, West Java, Indonesia 印度尼西亚西爪哇Rajamandala组mecatepecneorotalia meatepecensis至Miogypsinidae的系统进化

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200961

Nadila Novandaru , Khoiril Anwar Maryunani , Rubiyanto Kapid , Aswan , Wahyu Budhi Khorniawan

At Tagogapu in West Java, the Miogypsinidae larger benthic foraminifera from the Rajamandala Limestone have been studied for biometric trends in evolution. Observed taxa include Neorotalia mecatepecensis, Paleomiogypsina sp., Miogypsinella bornea, Miogypsinoides complanatus, and Miogypsinoides formosensis, with biometric parameters (X, Y, Z, AX, and γ) revealing distinct phylogenetic trends through heterochrony. Neorotalia mecatepecensis morphotype A is identified as the basal species, while Neorotalia mecatepecensis morphotype B diverges through nepionic retardation. The transition to Paleomiogypsina sp. is marked by the development of auxiliary chambers. The transition to Miogypsinella bornea is suggested by the addition of secondary foramen and more auxiliary chambers. The evolution to Miogypsinoides complanatus is characterized by the planispiral nepionic, loss of an apertural lip, and broader auxiliary chamber arrangements. The speciation of Miogypsinoides formosensis is recognized by the peramorphic addition of late adult stage auxiliary chambers. Biostratigraphic analysis and strontium isotopic dating place the studied taxa within the Te 2-3 to Te 4 Letter Stage (late Oligocene). This research highlights the biostratigraphic application of biometric methods in a lineage with heterochronous evolutionary trends, and proposes AX as a robust metric for the descendant peramorphic forms.

在西爪哇的Tagogapu，研究了来自Rajamandala石灰岩的Miogypsinidae大型底栖有孔虫的生物特征进化趋势。观察到的分类群包括Neorotalia mecatepecensis、Paleomiogypsina sp.、Miogypsinella bornea、miogypsinides planatus和miogypsinides formosensis，其生物特征参数（X、Y、Z、AX和γ）通过异时性揭示了不同的系统发育趋势。Neorotalia mecatepecensis形态型A被确定为基种，而Neorotalia mecatepecensis形态型B通过nepionic迟滞分化。向Paleomiogypsina sp.过渡的标志是辅助室的发育。通过增加次级孔和更多的辅助腔室，提示向密氏肺菌过渡。向平腹小齿进化的特征是平螺旋形的唇形，失去开口唇形，辅助腔室布置更宽。台湾miogypsinides formosensis的形态是由成虫后期辅助腔的变质性添加来识别的。生物地层分析和锶同位素定年将研究类群确定在晚渐新世的第2-3 ~第4字母阶段。本研究强调了生物测量方法在具有异时进化趋势的谱系中的生物地层学应用，并提出AX作为后代变质岩形式的稳健度量。

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引用次数: 0

A cranium of “Gazella” nihensis from Pliocene of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the differentiation of early Antilopina

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200960

Shi-Qi Wang , Xiao-Yong Zhang , Yi-Kun Li , Xiao-Xiao Zhang , Qi-Gao Jiangzuo

Fossils of Antilopina were often referred to and classified under the genus name “Gazella”, except for some Miocene spiral horned antelopes; however, their true taxonomic attribution is difficult to determine due to the significant morphological variation observed in large fossil samples. Species of two extant genera within Antilopina that are widely distributed in China are Gazella subgutturosa and Procapra spp. Assigning abundant fossil specimens identified as “Gazella” from China to these two extant groups is particularly challenging. Molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that Gazella and Procapra belong to two distinct clades within Antilopina. Therefore, the study of fossil “Gazella” is crucial for understanding the differentiation and evolutionary history of Antilopina, which includes a diverse array of genera that lived in Eurasia and Africa. In this article, we describe a newly discovered cranium of “Gazella” nihensis from the Pliocene Epoch on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The new cranium exhibits several distinctive features: the braincase is considerably elongated, with the occipital condyles protruding caudally beyond the paroccipital process; the cranial-facial axis is weakly curved, and the horn cores are strongly inclined caudally. The morphology is distinct from most other members of Antilopina. We testified the view that “Gazella” nihensis is possibly related with the living Procapra because of these specialized features. Interestingly, in “Gazella” nihensis, the elongated braincase that is less bent from the facial axis resembles that of the living Litocranius walleri; and the strongly caudally inclined horn core that of the living Ammodorcas clarkei and Antidorcas marsupialis. These similarities may be the result of parallel evolution, but further research is needed to explore this interesting resemblance.

除了一些中新世的螺旋角羚羊外，Antilopina的化石经常被称为Gazella，并被归类为属名；然而，由于在大量化石样本中观察到明显的形态差异，它们的真正分类归属难以确定。在中国广泛分布的羚羊属（Antilopina）中现存的两个属是Gazella subgutturrosa和Procapra spp，将来自中国的大量被鉴定为“Gazella”的化石标本分配给这两个现存的类群尤其具有挑战性。分子系统发育研究表明，Gazella和Procapra属于Antilopina中两个不同的分支。因此，对“Gazella”化石的研究对于了解Antilopina的分化和进化历史至关重要，Antilopina包括生活在欧亚大陆和非洲的多种属。新颅骨表现出几个独特的特征：脑壳相当长，枕髁尾侧突出，超出枕旁突；颅面轴呈弱弯曲，角核向尾端强烈倾斜。其形态不同于Antilopina的大多数其他成员。由于这些特殊的特征，我们证明了“Gazella”nihensis可能与现存的原甲龙有关的观点。有趣的是，在“Gazella”nihensis中，较长的脑壳与面部轴的弯曲程度较低，与现存的walleri Litocranius相似；现存的clarkei Ammodorcas和Antidorcas marsupialis的角核强烈地向尾端倾斜。这些相似性可能是平行进化的结果，但需要进一步的研究来探索这种有趣的相似性。

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引用次数: 0

Middle Campanian to Maastrichtian Foraminifera and biomarkers: Seawater incursion events in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China 松辽盆地中坎帕阶—马斯特里赫特阶有孔虫及其生物标志：海水入侵事件

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200958

Ke-Ying Yue , Sha Li , Tian Jiang , Dang-Peng Xi , Bo-Wen Song , Yu Liang , Li-Xin Sun , Tian-Fu Zhang , Hai-Chun Zhang , Xiao-Qiao Wan , Bo Wang

The Songliao Basin, spanning approximately 260,000 km² in Northeast China, is one of the largest oil-bearing lacustrine basins. Seawater incursion events have previously been discovered in the Turonian (lower and the uppermost Qingshankou Formation) to the Santonian and early Campanian (the first and second members of the Nenjiang Formation). We newly discovered benthic and planktonic foraminifera in the middle Campanian to Maastrichtian (Fifth Member of the Nenjiang Formation, Sifangtai, and Mingshui formations) in the ZKD-1 borehole. The Planktonic foraminifera include Archaeoglobigerina blowi, A. cretacea, and Globotruncanella sp. The benthic foraminifera include Anomalinoides sp., Gavelinella sp., and Haplophragmoides sp. Among them, A. blowi, A. cretacea, Anomalinoides sp., Gavelinella sp., Haplophragmoides sp. are widely distributed in the marine strata of the Upper Cretaceous. We tested the marine biomarker compounds including C₃₀ 24-n-propyl cholestane and C₃₀ 24-iso-propyl cholestane, indicating that the Songliao Basin experienced seawater incursion events to varying degrees during the middle to late Campanian. We also found abundant charophyte fossils in the ZKD-1 borehole, including Atopochara trivolvis ulanensis, Latochara yuananensis, Feistiella anluensis, Mesochara biacuta, M. gobica, and M. leiocarpa. Among them, the brackish water charophyte fossils of Feistiella anluensis were first found in Songliao Basin.

松辽盆地位于中国东北，面积约26万平方公里，是中国最大的含油湖盆之一。在吐鲁番统（青山口组下段和上段）至三东统和早坎帕纪（嫩江组一段和二段）均发现过海水入侵事件。在ZKD-1钻孔新发现坎帕阶中—马斯特里赫特（嫩江组五段、四方台组、明水组）底栖和浮游有孔虫。浮游有孔虫包括Archaeoglobigerina blowi、A.白垩纪、Globotruncanella sp.底栖有孔虫包括Anomalinoides sp.、Gavelinella sp.、Haplophragmoides sp.，其中A. blowi、A.白垩纪、Anomalinoides sp.、Gavelinella sp.、Haplophragmoides sp.广泛分布于上白垩统海相地层中。通过对C30 24-正丙基胆甾和C30 24-异丙基胆甾等海洋生物标志物的检测，表明松辽盆地在坎帕拉世中晚期经历了不同程度的海水入侵事件。在zpd -1钻孔中还发现了丰富的蕨类化石，包括Atopochara trivolvis ulanensis、Latochara yuananensis、Feistiella anluensis、Mesochara biacuta、M. gobica和M. leiocarpa。其中，在松辽盆地首次发现安露费斯提拉（Feistiella anluensis）半咸淡水蕨类化石。

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引用次数: 0

Paleoenvironmental records across middle to Upper Cretaceous in central part of the West and Central African Rift System: Palynological and geochemical inferences 西非和中非裂谷系中部中、上白垩世古环境记录：孢粉学和地球化学推断

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200957

André Mbabi Bitchong , Serge Alberto Bitjong , Serge Parfait Koah Na Lebogo , Glwadys Ngo Mandeng , Cecile Olive Mbesse , Soukaina Obad , Gilbert-François Ngon Ngon , Simon Ngos III , Thierry Adatte

The West and Central African Rifts System (WCARS) is well-known for its Cretaceous deposits. Still, the reliable dating of sedimentary successions, especially in the central part, and the mechanisms causing environmental and climate change over time remained less explored. Two sections of exposed deposits were investigated within the Babouri-Figuil Basin, specifically along the Mayo-Figuil (MF) and Mayo-Dakmoune (MD) rivers. The deposits are primarily composed of wackes formed from felsic and intermediate parent rocks, perhaps originating from the adjacent basement rocks, although there are also mafic components represented by an iron-rich shale layer at the MF section. Relative dating has constrained the MF sediment age to the Albian–Cenomanian and the MD sediment age to the Campanian–Maastrichtian. Using whole-rock organic matter geochemistry and trace element concentrations, we discovered anoxic conditions, well-preserved organic matter, and marine salinity water occurrence in the Albian–Cenomanian deposits, probably related to the first Trans-Saharan seaway. Oxic conditions, poor-preserved organic matter, and brackish salinity water occurrence were established during the Campanian–Maastrichtian. The Hg/TOC spike recorded during the Albian–Cenomanian could be the consequence of proximal volcanism, most likely associated with enhanced rifting tectonic activity, whereas the maximum Hg/TOC ratios observed during the Campanian–Maastrichtian could be the product of distal volcanism. Globally, weathering was slow to moderate, and the climate was interpreted as semi-arid throughout the middle to Late Cretaceous in the central WCARS.

西非和中非裂谷系统（WCARS）以其白垩纪沉积物而闻名。然而，沉积序列的可靠定年，特别是在中部地区，以及导致环境和气候随时间变化的机制仍然很少被探索。在Babouri-Figuil盆地内，特别是沿Mayo-Figuil河（MF）和Mayo-Dakmoune河（MD），研究了两段暴露矿床。该矿床主要由长英质和中质母岩形成的碎屑组成，可能起源于邻近的基底岩，尽管在MF剖面也有以富铁页岩层为代表的基性成分。相对定年将中程沉积时代限定为阿尔比亚-塞诺曼尼亚沉积时代，中程沉积时代限定为坎帕尼亚-马斯特里赫特沉积时代。利用全岩有机质地球化学和微量元素浓度，我们发现了阿尔及利亚-塞诺曼尼亚矿床的缺氧条件、保存完好的有机质和海洋盐度水，可能与第一次跨撒哈拉海道有关。在坎帕尼亚-马斯特里赫特时期，建立了缺氧条件、保存较差的有机质和微咸水的赋存。在阿尔巴尼亚-塞诺曼尼亚时期记录的汞/TOC峰值可能是近端火山活动的结果，最有可能与裂谷构造活动增强有关，而在坎帕尼亚-马斯特里赫特时期观察到的最大汞/TOC比值可能是远端火山活动的产物。在全球范围内，WCARS中部中白垩世至晚白垩世的风化过程为缓慢至中度，气候为半干旱。

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引用次数: 0

Fossil involucres and a nutlet of Ostrya (Betulaceae) from the upper Eocene of Shaanxi and their biogeographic implications 陕西始新世上部桦树科桦树属植物的化石总苞和一个坚果及其生物地理意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200955

Jiao Huang , Hui Jia , Rui-Feng Yan , Xiang-Ning Meng , Zhuo-Chen Han , Tian-Qi Dong , Jian Pan , Cheng Quan

Ostrya Scopoli, family Betulaceae, is mainly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, with a rich fossil record in the Miocene. This study presents a new record of Ostrya involucres and nutlet fossils from the upper Eocene Bailuyuan Formation in Weinan City, Shaanxi, China. The fossil involucres are saccate, ellipsoid or ovate, with reticulate veins; the nutlet is ellipsoid-ovate, one side surface has five ribs, and is wingless. Based on morphological comparisons, a new species, Ostrya parajaponica Huang and Jia, n. sp. is proposed, which represents the earliest fossil record of Ostrya involucres globally. In this study, the historical distribution of Ostrya is investigated, and it is speculated that Ostrya originated in Asia before the late Eocene. During the late Eocene, Ostrya may have spread from Asia to North America via the Bering Land Bridge and then spread from North America to Europe via the North Atlantic Land Bridge. During the Oligocene, the closure of the Turgai Straits may have facilitated widespread exchange of Ostrya across the Eurasian continent. During the Miocene, during warm climates, Ostrya was widely distributed across the American and Eurasian continents. Subsequently, the cooling and drying of climates beginning in the Pliocene shaped the current geographical distribution pattern of Ostrya.

桦树科桐树属（Ostrya Scopoli）主要分布于北半球，在中新世有丰富的化石记录。本文报道了陕西渭南市始新统上白鹿园组的珍珠岩总壳和坚果化石的新记录。化石总苞囊状、椭球状或卵形，具网状脉；坚果为椭圆体卵形，一侧表面有五棱，无翅。在形态学比较的基础上，提出了一个新种——Ostrya parajaponica Huang and Jia， n. sp，它代表了全球最早的Ostrya involucres化石记录。本文研究了奥斯特拉属的历史分布，推测奥斯特拉属起源于晚始新世以前的亚洲。在始新世晚期，奥斯特拉可能通过白令陆桥从亚洲传播到北美，然后通过北大西洋陆桥从北美传播到欧洲。渐新世期间，图尔盖海峡的关闭可能促进了奥斯特利亚在欧亚大陆上的广泛交换。在中新世温暖的气候下，奥斯特亚广泛分布在美洲和欧亚大陆。随后，上新世开始的气候变冷和干燥形成了奥斯特亚现在的地理分布格局。

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引用次数: 0

Palaeoenvironmental implications of Baiera hallei Sze from the Middle Jurassic in Shaanxi Province, China 陕西中侏罗统拜拉哈勒斯古环境意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200956

Qing-Dan Zheng , Xiao-Ju Yang , Ting Li

Terrestrial plants are important indicators of palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment during the geological history. The Ginkgoales leaves are commonly used to reconstruct the atmospheric palaeo-CO₂ concentration (pCO₂) during the Jurassic. Baiera, a genus of Ginkgoales, however, has been less reported in the reconstruction of the pCO₂ during the Middle Jurassic. In this paper, Baiera hallei Sze from the lower Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) Yan’an Formation in the central Ordos Basin is studied in detail based on abundant materials. Ten well-preserved leaves of B. hallei were selected to calculate stomatal parameters, and their stomatal index was used to estimate the pCO₂. The average SI was 6.19 ± 0.38, the pCO₂ obtained by the stomatal ratio method was 1121 ± 73 ppm, and the average palaeotemperature reconstructed by McElwain’s empirical formula was 13–15.8°C. The pCO₂ roughly coincides with the long-term carbon cycle model GEOCARB II. The palaeoclimate in Yulin district was warm and humid during the Aalenian (early Middle Jurassic).

陆生植物是地质历史上古气候和古环境的重要指示物。银杏叶通常用于重建侏罗纪时期的大气古co2浓度（pCO2）。然而，在中侏罗世的pCO2重建中，银杏属Baiera的报道较少。本文在大量资料的基础上，对鄂尔多斯盆地中部中侏罗统（阿勒统）延安组下侏罗统巴耶拉哈勒斯进行了详细的研究。选取10片保存较好的哈莱叶片计算气孔参数，并利用气孔指数估算pCO2。平均SI为6.19±0.38，气孔比法得到的pCO2为1121±73 ppm， McElwain经验公式重建的平均古温度值为13 ~ 15.8℃。二氧化碳分压与长期碳循环模型GEOCARB II大致一致。榆林地区在阿勒世（早中侏罗世）的古气候是温暖湿润的。

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引用次数: 0

New eurypterids from the Lower Devonian Nagaoling Formation of Guangxi, South China 广西下泥盆统那高岭组新泛龙类

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200954

Han Wang , Zhi-Xin Sun , Hai-Chun Zhang

Eurypterids, commonly known as sea scorpions, were an extinct group of arthropods renowned for their large size and role as apex predators in Early Paleozoic marine ecosystems. Among them, carcinosomatids and pterygotids stand out as two particularly striking groups, both characterized by their large size but differing in morphological specialization. Compared to their diversity and abundance in Laurussia, both groups are rare in the larger Pan-Gondwanan region, which is consistent with the general pattern observed from most eurypterids, especially the Devonian genera. Here, we report a new diverse eurypterid fauna from the Nagaoling Formation (Lochkovian, Devonian) in Guangxi, South China, including Carcinosomatidae, Pterygotidae, and Adelophthalmidae. Tigrisopterus zengi n. gen. n. sp. represents the youngest known carcinosomatid worldwide and the first Devonian member of this family discovered outside Laurussia. Acutiramus sp., with an estimated body length of approximately 1.6–1.8 m, is the first Acutiramus component found in China and one of the youngest representatives of this genus known to date. These two families, along with the generalist Adelophthalmus found in the same bed, suggest a complex ecological structure in the Devonian shallow marine environment of South China. This discovery expands both the temporal and spatial distribution of carcinosomatids and pterygotids, providing new insights into the distribution and evolutionary history of these ancient predators.

广翅类，俗称海蝎子，是一种已灭绝的节肢动物，以其庞大的体型和在古生代早期海洋生态系统中作为顶级捕食者的角色而闻名。其中，癌体虫和翼虫是两个特别引人注目的类群，它们的特点都是体型大，但形态专门化不同。与Laurussia的多样性和丰度相比，这两个类群在更大的Pan-Gondwanan地区是罕见的，这与大多数泛蝶类，特别是泥盆纪属的一般模式一致。本文报道了广西泥盆纪那高岭组（Lochkovian, Devonian）的一种新的泛翅类动物群，包括癌虫科、翼虫科和Adelophthalmidae。Tigrisopterus zengi n. gen. n. sp.代表了世界上已知最年轻的癌体虫，也是该家族在俄罗斯以外发现的第一个泥盆纪成员。acutramus sp.体长约1.6 ~ 1.8 m，是中国发现的第一个acutramus成分，也是该属已知最年轻的代表之一。这两个科，连同在同一层位发现的多面体Adelophthalmus，表明中国南方泥盆纪浅海环境中存在一个复杂的生态结构。这一发现扩大了癌体虫和翼足虫的时空分布，为这些古代食肉动物的分布和进化历史提供了新的见解。

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