Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169997587.78163160/v1
Yuan Ji, Zhenyu Wang, Hongtao Wang, Yuping Li, Yao Liu, He Yige, Qian Liu, Zichuan Chen, Jun Lin
Aims/Introduction: Phage display method is a crucial tool to find novel clinically valuable diabetes-associated autoantigens, and identify known autoantigen epitopes that are associated with diabetes; could providing scientific support and guidance for the artificial construction and synthesis of type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) novel biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The phage display system was used for “bio-panning” of T1DM serum. Following by the sequencing of the phage DNAs, the homologous sequences of the above fusion heptapeptide were further investigated by BLAST to track the origin of the polypeptide sequences. The antibody spectrum revealed new T1DM-associated epitopes and antibodies. Results: A total of 1200 phage DNA were sequenced and 9 conserved polypeptide sequences were collected. It was confirmed that the zinc transporter and islet amyloid protease were among them.The conserved polypeptide sequence 8 and another three distinctive polypeptide sequences derived from Proteus were discovered. Furthermore, we expressed recombinant proteins with homologous polypeptide sequences for the human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) polypeptide precursor human zinc transporter 8 (ZNT8). Through clinical sample detection for the serum from T1DM (n=100) and T2DM (n=200) patients, results demonstrate the importance and relevance of these polypeptides in the recognition and classification of various forms of diabetes. Conclusion： Human pancreatic and concurrent bacterial-derived protein antigens and their epitopes were identified in this research by phage display system, which is crucial for distinguishing different types of diabetes.
{"title":"Screening of diabetes-associated autoantigens and serum antibody profiles by phage display system","authors":"Yuan Ji, Zhenyu Wang, Hongtao Wang, Yuping Li, Yao Liu, He Yige, Qian Liu, Zichuan Chen, Jun Lin","doi":"10.22541/au.169997587.78163160/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169997587.78163160/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Aims/Introduction: Phage display method is a crucial tool to find novel clinically valuable diabetes-associated autoantigens, and identify known autoantigen epitopes that are associated with diabetes; could providing scientific support and guidance for the artificial construction and synthesis of type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) novel biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The phage display system was used for “bio-panning” of T1DM serum. Following by the sequencing of the phage DNAs, the homologous sequences of the above fusion heptapeptide were further investigated by BLAST to track the origin of the polypeptide sequences. The antibody spectrum revealed new T1DM-associated epitopes and antibodies. Results: A total of 1200 phage DNA were sequenced and 9 conserved polypeptide sequences were collected. It was confirmed that the zinc transporter and islet amyloid protease were among them.The conserved polypeptide sequence 8 and another three distinctive polypeptide sequences derived from Proteus were discovered. Furthermore, we expressed recombinant proteins with homologous polypeptide sequences for the human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) polypeptide precursor human zinc transporter 8 (ZNT8). Through clinical sample detection for the serum from T1DM (n=100) and T2DM (n=200) patients, results demonstrate the importance and relevance of these polypeptides in the recognition and classification of various forms of diabetes. Conclusion： Human pancreatic and concurrent bacterial-derived protein antigens and their epitopes were identified in this research by phage display system, which is crucial for distinguishing different types of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"14 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169998557.72873233/v1
Tessa M. Burch-Smith, Mazen Alazem
Reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules that influence many aspects of plant biology. One way in which ROS influence plant growth and development is by modifying intercellular trafficking through plasmodesmata (PD). Viruses have evolved to use plasmodesmata for their local cell-to-cell spread between plant cells, so it is therefore not surprising that they have found ways to modulate ROS and redox signaling to optimize plasmodesmata function for their benefit. This review examines how intracellular signaling via ROS and redox pathways regulate intercellular trafficking via PD during development and stress. The relationship between viruses and ROS-redox systems, and the strategies viruses employ to control PD function by interfering with ROS-redox in plants is also discussed.
{"title":"Roles of ROS and redox in regulating cell-to-cell communication: Spotlight on viral modulation of redox for local spread","authors":"Tessa M. Burch-Smith, Mazen Alazem","doi":"10.22541/au.169998557.72873233/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169998557.72873233/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules that influence many aspects of plant biology. One way in which ROS influence plant growth and development is by modifying intercellular trafficking through plasmodesmata (PD). Viruses have evolved to use plasmodesmata for their local cell-to-cell spread between plant cells, so it is therefore not surprising that they have found ways to modulate ROS and redox signaling to optimize plasmodesmata function for their benefit. This review examines how intracellular signaling via ROS and redox pathways regulate intercellular trafficking via PD during development and stress. The relationship between viruses and ROS-redox systems, and the strategies viruses employ to control PD function by interfering with ROS-redox in plants is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"62 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000020.03410573/v1
Zhongzheng Wang, Louis Jun Ye Ong, Yixiang Gan, Jean-Michel Pereira, Jun Zhang, Yi-Chin Toh, Emilie Sauret
Microfluidic devices with open lattice structures, equivalent to a type of porous media, allow for the manipulation of fluid transport processes while having distinct structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, a fundamental understanding of the design principles for the solid structure in order to achieve consistent and desired flow patterns remains a challenge, preventing its further development and wider applications. Here, through quantitative and mechanistic analyses of the behavior of multi-phase phenomena that involve gas-liquid-solid interfaces, we present a design framework for a new class of microfluidic devices containing porous architectures (referred to as poroFluidics) for deterministic control of multi-phase fluid transport processes. We show that the essential properties of the fluids and solid, including viscosity, interfacial tension, wettability, as well as solid manufacture resolution, can be incorporated into the design to achieve consistent flow in porous media, where the desired spatial and temporal fluid invasion sequence can be realized. Experiments and numerical simulations reveal that different preferential flow pathways can be controlled by solid geometry, flow conditions, or fluid/solid properties. Our design framework enables precise, multifunctional, and dynamic control of multi-phase transport within engineered porous media, unlocking new avenues for developing cost-effective, programmable microfluidic devices for manipulating multi-phase flows.
{"title":"PoroFluidics: Deterministic fluid control in porous microfluidics","authors":"Zhongzheng Wang, Louis Jun Ye Ong, Yixiang Gan, Jean-Michel Pereira, Jun Zhang, Yi-Chin Toh, Emilie Sauret","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000020.03410573/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000020.03410573/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidic devices with open lattice structures, equivalent to a type of porous media, allow for the manipulation of fluid transport processes while having distinct structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, a fundamental understanding of the design principles for the solid structure in order to achieve consistent and desired flow patterns remains a challenge, preventing its further development and wider applications. Here, through quantitative and mechanistic analyses of the behavior of multi-phase phenomena that involve gas-liquid-solid interfaces, we present a design framework for a new class of microfluidic devices containing porous architectures (referred to as poroFluidics) for deterministic control of multi-phase fluid transport processes. We show that the essential properties of the fluids and solid, including viscosity, interfacial tension, wettability, as well as solid manufacture resolution, can be incorporated into the design to achieve consistent flow in porous media, where the desired spatial and temporal fluid invasion sequence can be realized. Experiments and numerical simulations reveal that different preferential flow pathways can be controlled by solid geometry, flow conditions, or fluid/solid properties. Our design framework enables precise, multifunctional, and dynamic control of multi-phase transport within engineered porous media, unlocking new avenues for developing cost-effective, programmable microfluidic devices for manipulating multi-phase flows.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"9 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169994772.29945637/v1
negin rahimi, Hamed Amirifard, Melika Jameie
{"title":"An unusual presentation of severe obstructive sleep apnoea with nocturnal seizure-like movements: a case report","authors":"negin rahimi, Hamed Amirifard, Melika Jameie","doi":"10.22541/au.169994772.29945637/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169994772.29945637/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"30 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169999569.96302150/v1
Markus Anys, Markus Weiler
The rapid expansion of impermeable surfaces in cities has a major impact on urban hydrology. Infiltration of rainwater is reduced and water runs off faster with higher runoff peaks. Urban trees as stormwater management tools are becoming more relevant to reduce flood risks in addition to other ecosystem services. An in-situ field experiment to measure throughfall on Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ) and small-leaved lime ( Tilia cordata ) was conducted to determine the interception of solitary urban trees with different degrees of surface sealing in the city of Freiburg, Germany. The relationships between rainfall characteristics, tree morphological traits, and the interception behavior were investigated with eight trees per species. 76 recorded rainfall events were evaluated from April to September 2021. Average interception values were higher for small-leaved lime (70.3 ± 6.6%) than for Norway maple (54.8 ± 10.3%) and hence much higher than in a typical forested environment. The average interception loss of all recorded events was 2.58 ± 0.60 mm for Norway maple and 3.73 ± 0.29 mm for small-leaved lime. For both tree species, significant linear correlations were found between the relative interception and other factors like rainfall depths, the leaf area index (LAI), and the plant area index (PAI) (adj.R > 0.45). In contrast to Norway maple, small-leaved lime also showed significant relationships of several tree morphological parameters with the interception (adj.R > 0.43). LAI, which also effects the interception, of both tree species significantly decreased with the degree of surface sealing. Our results provide a better understanding of the interception process of solitary trees for different urban sites and allows to parameterize interception based on measurable properties. However, further field experiments with various tree species need to be conducted to obtain a larger database for typical parameters in models and to support urban planners in managing stormwater runoff.
{"title":"Rainfall interception of urban trees: event characteristics and tree morphological traits","authors":"Markus Anys, Markus Weiler","doi":"10.22541/au.169999569.96302150/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169999569.96302150/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of impermeable surfaces in cities has a major impact on urban hydrology. Infiltration of rainwater is reduced and water runs off faster with higher runoff peaks. Urban trees as stormwater management tools are becoming more relevant to reduce flood risks in addition to other ecosystem services. An in-situ field experiment to measure throughfall on Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ) and small-leaved lime ( Tilia cordata ) was conducted to determine the interception of solitary urban trees with different degrees of surface sealing in the city of Freiburg, Germany. The relationships between rainfall characteristics, tree morphological traits, and the interception behavior were investigated with eight trees per species. 76 recorded rainfall events were evaluated from April to September 2021. Average interception values were higher for small-leaved lime (70.3 ± 6.6%) than for Norway maple (54.8 ± 10.3%) and hence much higher than in a typical forested environment. The average interception loss of all recorded events was 2.58 ± 0.60 mm for Norway maple and 3.73 ± 0.29 mm for small-leaved lime. For both tree species, significant linear correlations were found between the relative interception and other factors like rainfall depths, the leaf area index (LAI), and the plant area index (PAI) (adj.R > 0.45). In contrast to Norway maple, small-leaved lime also showed significant relationships of several tree morphological parameters with the interception (adj.R > 0.43). LAI, which also effects the interception, of both tree species significantly decreased with the degree of surface sealing. Our results provide a better understanding of the interception process of solitary trees for different urban sites and allows to parameterize interception based on measurable properties. However, further field experiments with various tree species need to be conducted to obtain a larger database for typical parameters in models and to support urban planners in managing stormwater runoff.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"28 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169995674.42778071/v1
Xiang Zhang, Jun Chen, Hui Yi, Yang Yang, Shizheng Fang, Chengxiao Li, Shulin Chen, Derui Gao, Zhijie Wang
The blasting excavation process during underground rock mass engineering can induce severe stress disturbance, resulting in spalling and damage to the surrounding rock mass in the tunnels, which can seriously compromise the underground engineering construction. In the present work, an experimental blast loading device was developed to study the dynamic response of rocks under explosive loads, which could vary the utilization of explosive gas energy by changing the constraint conditions. The device employed a high-speed camera to record the stress wave propagation and failure characteristics on the surface of the specimen and verified the reliability of the experimental results using an ultra-dynamic strain gauge. The developed apparatus was used to explore the failure characteristics and stress wave propagation laws in red sandstone under different explosion gas energies. The complete process of stress wave propagation in red sandstone was captured under different explosive gas energies, from an intact form to failure, and the attenuation law of stress waves was obtained. The experimental results showed that when the explosive stress wave traversed through the specimen, it primarily experienced tensile strain, with maximum tensile strain observed at the free surface. The stress wave propagation in the specimen varied under different explosive loads, leading to varying overall failure characteristics of the specimen. The larger the amplitude of the stress wave, the greater the spatial attenuation coefficients of the compression wave and the tensile wave. The thickness of the spalling fracture was determined based on the wave width of the stress wave λ , the attenuation coefficient of the stress wave α , and the longitudinal wave velocity C . The closer the crack is to the bottom of the specimen, the smaller the thickness. The experimental results provide theoretical guidance to understand the strong dynamic disturbance behavior and progressive instability failure phenomenon in deep underground engineering.
{"title":"Failure characteristics and stress wave propagation of red sandstone under explosion with varying gas energies","authors":"Xiang Zhang, Jun Chen, Hui Yi, Yang Yang, Shizheng Fang, Chengxiao Li, Shulin Chen, Derui Gao, Zhijie Wang","doi":"10.22541/au.169995674.42778071/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169995674.42778071/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The blasting excavation process during underground rock mass engineering can induce severe stress disturbance, resulting in spalling and damage to the surrounding rock mass in the tunnels, which can seriously compromise the underground engineering construction. In the present work, an experimental blast loading device was developed to study the dynamic response of rocks under explosive loads, which could vary the utilization of explosive gas energy by changing the constraint conditions. The device employed a high-speed camera to record the stress wave propagation and failure characteristics on the surface of the specimen and verified the reliability of the experimental results using an ultra-dynamic strain gauge. The developed apparatus was used to explore the failure characteristics and stress wave propagation laws in red sandstone under different explosion gas energies. The complete process of stress wave propagation in red sandstone was captured under different explosive gas energies, from an intact form to failure, and the attenuation law of stress waves was obtained. The experimental results showed that when the explosive stress wave traversed through the specimen, it primarily experienced tensile strain, with maximum tensile strain observed at the free surface. The stress wave propagation in the specimen varied under different explosive loads, leading to varying overall failure characteristics of the specimen. The larger the amplitude of the stress wave, the greater the spatial attenuation coefficients of the compression wave and the tensile wave. The thickness of the spalling fracture was determined based on the wave width of the stress wave λ , the attenuation coefficient of the stress wave α , and the longitudinal wave velocity C . The closer the crack is to the bottom of the specimen, the smaller the thickness. The experimental results provide theoretical guidance to understand the strong dynamic disturbance behavior and progressive instability failure phenomenon in deep underground engineering.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"34 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000336.69527212/v1
Michel Vert
{"title":"Anthropogenic Heat, a More Credible Threat to the Earth's Climate than Carbon Dioxide","authors":"Michel Vert","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000336.69527212/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000336.69527212/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"28 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000384.49382400/v1
Dwaipayan Chatterjee, Sabrina Schnitt, Paula Bigalke, Claudia Acquistapace, Susanne Crewell
At the mesoscale, trade wind clouds organize with a wide variety of spatial arrangements, which influences their effect on Earth’s energy budget. Past studies used high-resolution satellite measurements and clustering/labeling techniques to classify trade wind clouds into distinct classes. However, these methods only capture a part of the observed organization variability. This work proposes an integrated framework using a continuous followed by discrete self-supervised deep learning approach based on cloud optical depth from geostationary satellite measurements. The neural network learns the semantics of cloud system structure and distribution, verified through visualizations of different layers. Our analysis compares classes defined by human labels with machine-identified classes, aiming to address the uncertainties and limitations of both approaches. Additionally, we illustrate a case study of sugar-to-flower transitions, a novel aspect not covered by existing methods.
{"title":"Capturing the diversity of mesoscale trade wind cumuli using complementary approaches from self-supervised deep learning","authors":"Dwaipayan Chatterjee, Sabrina Schnitt, Paula Bigalke, Claudia Acquistapace, Susanne Crewell","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000384.49382400/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000384.49382400/v1","url":null,"abstract":"At the mesoscale, trade wind clouds organize with a wide variety of spatial arrangements, which influences their effect on Earth’s energy budget. Past studies used high-resolution satellite measurements and clustering/labeling techniques to classify trade wind clouds into distinct classes. However, these methods only capture a part of the observed organization variability. This work proposes an integrated framework using a continuous followed by discrete self-supervised deep learning approach based on cloud optical depth from geostationary satellite measurements. The neural network learns the semantics of cloud system structure and distribution, verified through visualizations of different layers. Our analysis compares classes defined by human labels with machine-identified classes, aiming to address the uncertainties and limitations of both approaches. Additionally, we illustrate a case study of sugar-to-flower transitions, a novel aspect not covered by existing methods.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"30 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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