Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169997587.78163160/v1
Yuan Ji, Zhenyu Wang, Hongtao Wang, Yuping Li, Yao Liu, He Yige, Qian Liu, Zichuan Chen, Jun Lin
Aims/Introduction: Phage display method is a crucial tool to find novel clinically valuable diabetes-associated autoantigens, and identify known autoantigen epitopes that are associated with diabetes; could providing scientific support and guidance for the artificial construction and synthesis of type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) novel biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The phage display system was used for “bio-panning” of T1DM serum. Following by the sequencing of the phage DNAs, the homologous sequences of the above fusion heptapeptide were further investigated by BLAST to track the origin of the polypeptide sequences. The antibody spectrum revealed new T1DM-associated epitopes and antibodies. Results: A total of 1200 phage DNA were sequenced and 9 conserved polypeptide sequences were collected. It was confirmed that the zinc transporter and islet amyloid protease were among them.The conserved polypeptide sequence 8 and another three distinctive polypeptide sequences derived from Proteus were discovered. Furthermore, we expressed recombinant proteins with homologous polypeptide sequences for the human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) polypeptide precursor human zinc transporter 8 (ZNT8). Through clinical sample detection for the serum from T1DM (n=100) and T2DM (n=200) patients, results demonstrate the importance and relevance of these polypeptides in the recognition and classification of various forms of diabetes. Conclusion： Human pancreatic and concurrent bacterial-derived protein antigens and their epitopes were identified in this research by phage display system, which is crucial for distinguishing different types of diabetes.
{"title":"Screening of diabetes-associated autoantigens and serum antibody profiles by phage display system","authors":"Yuan Ji, Zhenyu Wang, Hongtao Wang, Yuping Li, Yao Liu, He Yige, Qian Liu, Zichuan Chen, Jun Lin","doi":"10.22541/au.169997587.78163160/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169997587.78163160/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Aims/Introduction: Phage display method is a crucial tool to find novel clinically valuable diabetes-associated autoantigens, and identify known autoantigen epitopes that are associated with diabetes; could providing scientific support and guidance for the artificial construction and synthesis of type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) novel biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The phage display system was used for “bio-panning” of T1DM serum. Following by the sequencing of the phage DNAs, the homologous sequences of the above fusion heptapeptide were further investigated by BLAST to track the origin of the polypeptide sequences. The antibody spectrum revealed new T1DM-associated epitopes and antibodies. Results: A total of 1200 phage DNA were sequenced and 9 conserved polypeptide sequences were collected. It was confirmed that the zinc transporter and islet amyloid protease were among them.The conserved polypeptide sequence 8 and another three distinctive polypeptide sequences derived from Proteus were discovered. Furthermore, we expressed recombinant proteins with homologous polypeptide sequences for the human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) polypeptide precursor human zinc transporter 8 (ZNT8). Through clinical sample detection for the serum from T1DM (n=100) and T2DM (n=200) patients, results demonstrate the importance and relevance of these polypeptides in the recognition and classification of various forms of diabetes. Conclusion： Human pancreatic and concurrent bacterial-derived protein antigens and their epitopes were identified in this research by phage display system, which is crucial for distinguishing different types of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"14 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169998557.72873233/v1
Tessa M. Burch-Smith, Mazen Alazem
Reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules that influence many aspects of plant biology. One way in which ROS influence plant growth and development is by modifying intercellular trafficking through plasmodesmata (PD). Viruses have evolved to use plasmodesmata for their local cell-to-cell spread between plant cells, so it is therefore not surprising that they have found ways to modulate ROS and redox signaling to optimize plasmodesmata function for their benefit. This review examines how intracellular signaling via ROS and redox pathways regulate intercellular trafficking via PD during development and stress. The relationship between viruses and ROS-redox systems, and the strategies viruses employ to control PD function by interfering with ROS-redox in plants is also discussed.
{"title":"Roles of ROS and redox in regulating cell-to-cell communication: Spotlight on viral modulation of redox for local spread","authors":"Tessa M. Burch-Smith, Mazen Alazem","doi":"10.22541/au.169998557.72873233/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169998557.72873233/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules that influence many aspects of plant biology. One way in which ROS influence plant growth and development is by modifying intercellular trafficking through plasmodesmata (PD). Viruses have evolved to use plasmodesmata for their local cell-to-cell spread between plant cells, so it is therefore not surprising that they have found ways to modulate ROS and redox signaling to optimize plasmodesmata function for their benefit. This review examines how intracellular signaling via ROS and redox pathways regulate intercellular trafficking via PD during development and stress. The relationship between viruses and ROS-redox systems, and the strategies viruses employ to control PD function by interfering with ROS-redox in plants is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"62 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000020.03410573/v1
Zhongzheng Wang, Louis Jun Ye Ong, Yixiang Gan, Jean-Michel Pereira, Jun Zhang, Yi-Chin Toh, Emilie Sauret
Microfluidic devices with open lattice structures, equivalent to a type of porous media, allow for the manipulation of fluid transport processes while having distinct structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, a fundamental understanding of the design principles for the solid structure in order to achieve consistent and desired flow patterns remains a challenge, preventing its further development and wider applications. Here, through quantitative and mechanistic analyses of the behavior of multi-phase phenomena that involve gas-liquid-solid interfaces, we present a design framework for a new class of microfluidic devices containing porous architectures (referred to as poroFluidics) for deterministic control of multi-phase fluid transport processes. We show that the essential properties of the fluids and solid, including viscosity, interfacial tension, wettability, as well as solid manufacture resolution, can be incorporated into the design to achieve consistent flow in porous media, where the desired spatial and temporal fluid invasion sequence can be realized. Experiments and numerical simulations reveal that different preferential flow pathways can be controlled by solid geometry, flow conditions, or fluid/solid properties. Our design framework enables precise, multifunctional, and dynamic control of multi-phase transport within engineered porous media, unlocking new avenues for developing cost-effective, programmable microfluidic devices for manipulating multi-phase flows.
{"title":"PoroFluidics: Deterministic fluid control in porous microfluidics","authors":"Zhongzheng Wang, Louis Jun Ye Ong, Yixiang Gan, Jean-Michel Pereira, Jun Zhang, Yi-Chin Toh, Emilie Sauret","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000020.03410573/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000020.03410573/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidic devices with open lattice structures, equivalent to a type of porous media, allow for the manipulation of fluid transport processes while having distinct structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, a fundamental understanding of the design principles for the solid structure in order to achieve consistent and desired flow patterns remains a challenge, preventing its further development and wider applications. Here, through quantitative and mechanistic analyses of the behavior of multi-phase phenomena that involve gas-liquid-solid interfaces, we present a design framework for a new class of microfluidic devices containing porous architectures (referred to as poroFluidics) for deterministic control of multi-phase fluid transport processes. We show that the essential properties of the fluids and solid, including viscosity, interfacial tension, wettability, as well as solid manufacture resolution, can be incorporated into the design to achieve consistent flow in porous media, where the desired spatial and temporal fluid invasion sequence can be realized. Experiments and numerical simulations reveal that different preferential flow pathways can be controlled by solid geometry, flow conditions, or fluid/solid properties. Our design framework enables precise, multifunctional, and dynamic control of multi-phase transport within engineered porous media, unlocking new avenues for developing cost-effective, programmable microfluidic devices for manipulating multi-phase flows.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"9 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169994772.29945637/v1
negin rahimi, Hamed Amirifard, Melika Jameie
{"title":"An unusual presentation of severe obstructive sleep apnoea with nocturnal seizure-like movements: a case report","authors":"negin rahimi, Hamed Amirifard, Melika Jameie","doi":"10.22541/au.169994772.29945637/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169994772.29945637/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"30 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169999569.96302150/v1
Markus Anys, Markus Weiler
The rapid expansion of impermeable surfaces in cities has a major impact on urban hydrology. Infiltration of rainwater is reduced and water runs off faster with higher runoff peaks. Urban trees as stormwater management tools are becoming more relevant to reduce flood risks in addition to other ecosystem services. An in-situ field experiment to measure throughfall on Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ) and small-leaved lime ( Tilia cordata ) was conducted to determine the interception of solitary urban trees with different degrees of surface sealing in the city of Freiburg, Germany. The relationships between rainfall characteristics, tree morphological traits, and the interception behavior were investigated with eight trees per species. 76 recorded rainfall events were evaluated from April to September 2021. Average interception values were higher for small-leaved lime (70.3 ± 6.6%) than for Norway maple (54.8 ± 10.3%) and hence much higher than in a typical forested environment. The average interception loss of all recorded events was 2.58 ± 0.60 mm for Norway maple and 3.73 ± 0.29 mm for small-leaved lime. For both tree species, significant linear correlations were found between the relative interception and other factors like rainfall depths, the leaf area index (LAI), and the plant area index (PAI) (adj.R > 0.45). In contrast to Norway maple, small-leaved lime also showed significant relationships of several tree morphological parameters with the interception (adj.R > 0.43). LAI, which also effects the interception, of both tree species significantly decreased with the degree of surface sealing. Our results provide a better understanding of the interception process of solitary trees for different urban sites and allows to parameterize interception based on measurable properties. However, further field experiments with various tree species need to be conducted to obtain a larger database for typical parameters in models and to support urban planners in managing stormwater runoff.
{"title":"Rainfall interception of urban trees: event characteristics and tree morphological traits","authors":"Markus Anys, Markus Weiler","doi":"10.22541/au.169999569.96302150/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169999569.96302150/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of impermeable surfaces in cities has a major impact on urban hydrology. Infiltration of rainwater is reduced and water runs off faster with higher runoff peaks. Urban trees as stormwater management tools are becoming more relevant to reduce flood risks in addition to other ecosystem services. An in-situ field experiment to measure throughfall on Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ) and small-leaved lime ( Tilia cordata ) was conducted to determine the interception of solitary urban trees with different degrees of surface sealing in the city of Freiburg, Germany. The relationships between rainfall characteristics, tree morphological traits, and the interception behavior were investigated with eight trees per species. 76 recorded rainfall events were evaluated from April to September 2021. Average interception values were higher for small-leaved lime (70.3 ± 6.6%) than for Norway maple (54.8 ± 10.3%) and hence much higher than in a typical forested environment. The average interception loss of all recorded events was 2.58 ± 0.60 mm for Norway maple and 3.73 ± 0.29 mm for small-leaved lime. For both tree species, significant linear correlations were found between the relative interception and other factors like rainfall depths, the leaf area index (LAI), and the plant area index (PAI) (adj.R > 0.45). In contrast to Norway maple, small-leaved lime also showed significant relationships of several tree morphological parameters with the interception (adj.R > 0.43). LAI, which also effects the interception, of both tree species significantly decreased with the degree of surface sealing. Our results provide a better understanding of the interception process of solitary trees for different urban sites and allows to parameterize interception based on measurable properties. However, further field experiments with various tree species need to be conducted to obtain a larger database for typical parameters in models and to support urban planners in managing stormwater runoff.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"28 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169998554.42921332/v1
Antonio Figueira, Daniele Paschoal, Vitor Ometto, João Vitor O. Mendes, Laura Cazetta, Esther Carrera, Monica Lanzoni Rossi, Juliana Aricetti, Piotr Mieczkowski, Gabriel Carvalho, Igor Cesarino, Simone Silva, Rafael Ribeiro, Paulo Teixeira, Eder da Silva
Moniliophthora perniciosa causes the witches’ broom disease of cacao, and it can infect the tomato Micro-Tom (MT). Typical symptoms are stem swelling and shoot outgrowth, whereas reduction in root biomass is another side effect. We investigated whether the impairment of root growth derives from a hormonal imbalance or sink competition. Intense stem swelling coincided with a reduction in root biomass, predominantly of lateral roots. A few genes involved in hormone metabolism were activated; however, hormonal levels were not altered. Inoculation of the auxin highly-responsive entire genotype maintained the impaired root phenotype. Genes involved in root respiration, carbohydrate, amino acid and cell wall metabolism were repressed, whereas genes linked to water/nitrogen/phosphorous starvation were upregulated. Lower levels of sugars and amino acids suggested carbohydrate deprivation. Less C accumulated in roots of infected MT, but not in the symptomless low-cytokinin MT-transgenic line that overexpresses CYTOKININ OXIDASE-2 ( 35S::AtCKX2 ). We show evidence that the impairment of root development potentially derives from a reduction of photoassimilate supply by the establishment of a strong sink at the shoot symptomatic infection site, rather than hormonal imbalance. We speculate that this impact may contribute to the dramatic decrease in cocoa yields after M. perniciosa invasion.
{"title":"Sink formation during shoot infection of tomato Micro-Tom by Moniliophthora perniciosa , the causal agent of cacao witches' broom disease, limits sugar supply for effective development of lateral roots","authors":"Antonio Figueira, Daniele Paschoal, Vitor Ometto, João Vitor O. Mendes, Laura Cazetta, Esther Carrera, Monica Lanzoni Rossi, Juliana Aricetti, Piotr Mieczkowski, Gabriel Carvalho, Igor Cesarino, Simone Silva, Rafael Ribeiro, Paulo Teixeira, Eder da Silva","doi":"10.22541/au.169998554.42921332/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169998554.42921332/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Moniliophthora perniciosa causes the witches’ broom disease of cacao, and it can infect the tomato Micro-Tom (MT). Typical symptoms are stem swelling and shoot outgrowth, whereas reduction in root biomass is another side effect. We investigated whether the impairment of root growth derives from a hormonal imbalance or sink competition. Intense stem swelling coincided with a reduction in root biomass, predominantly of lateral roots. A few genes involved in hormone metabolism were activated; however, hormonal levels were not altered. Inoculation of the auxin highly-responsive entire genotype maintained the impaired root phenotype. Genes involved in root respiration, carbohydrate, amino acid and cell wall metabolism were repressed, whereas genes linked to water/nitrogen/phosphorous starvation were upregulated. Lower levels of sugars and amino acids suggested carbohydrate deprivation. Less C accumulated in roots of infected MT, but not in the symptomless low-cytokinin MT-transgenic line that overexpresses CYTOKININ OXIDASE-2 ( 35S::AtCKX2 ). We show evidence that the impairment of root development potentially derives from a reduction of photoassimilate supply by the establishment of a strong sink at the shoot symptomatic infection site, rather than hormonal imbalance. We speculate that this impact may contribute to the dramatic decrease in cocoa yields after M. perniciosa invasion.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"60 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169994347.70410450/v1
Michael C. Schubert, Allison L. Nogi, John Carey, Dan Gold, Colin Grove
The Vestibular Rehabilitation Triage Program (VERT) is a multidisciplinary collaboration created to expedite and improve the care management of individuals experiencing dizziness. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe VERT and demonstrate the ability of using a call center algorithm and specially trained physical therapists to appropriately triage individuals with dizziness. The Departments of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Neurology, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the XXXX have created a multidisciplinary call center algorithm that advantages specially trained physical therapists to initiate care and refer to physician specialists when appropriate. The goal of this partnership is to mitigate the common hardships of living with a vestibular disorder that include increased fall risk, inefficient diagnostic testing, prolonged wait time, and excessive health service utilization. Increased access to specialists, reducing the likelihood of misdiagnosis and starting appropriate treatment sooner, may facilitate improved symptoms and reduced disability . Two case examples exhibit how the standardized algorithm and follow through in such management effectively reduced the more common and fragmented medical care. Initial cases within the VERT pathway demonstrate effective management for patients with dizziness and balance impairment, though additional assessment is needed to more completely understand the effectiveness of this novel clinical model.
{"title":"VERT: Vestibular Rehabilitation Triage to enhance access for patients with dizziness; a multidisciplinary initiative","authors":"Michael C. Schubert, Allison L. Nogi, John Carey, Dan Gold, Colin Grove","doi":"10.22541/au.169994347.70410450/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169994347.70410450/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The Vestibular Rehabilitation Triage Program (VERT) is a multidisciplinary collaboration created to expedite and improve the care management of individuals experiencing dizziness. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe VERT and demonstrate the ability of using a call center algorithm and specially trained physical therapists to appropriately triage individuals with dizziness. The Departments of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Neurology, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the XXXX have created a multidisciplinary call center algorithm that advantages specially trained physical therapists to initiate care and refer to physician specialists when appropriate. The goal of this partnership is to mitigate the common hardships of living with a vestibular disorder that include increased fall risk, inefficient diagnostic testing, prolonged wait time, and excessive health service utilization. Increased access to specialists, reducing the likelihood of misdiagnosis and starting appropriate treatment sooner, may facilitate improved symptoms and reduced disability . Two case examples exhibit how the standardized algorithm and follow through in such management effectively reduced the more common and fragmented medical care. Initial cases within the VERT pathway demonstrate effective management for patients with dizziness and balance impairment, though additional assessment is needed to more completely understand the effectiveness of this novel clinical model.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"23 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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