Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169996507.76550842/v1
Leonardo Xavier, Sandro Filho, Izabel Alves
Pharmacometrics is instrumental in drug development, guiding decisions on dose selection, study design, formulation optimization, biomarker identification and commercial viability. While traditional Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling is widely embraced, Kinetic-Pharmacodynamic (KPD) modeling remains relatively underutilized. This paper introduces KPD modeling as an alternative approach for understanding dose-effect relationships in scenarios where conventional PK data is limited. KPD models use dose as the primary input to predict key parameters, offering a valuable tool for clinical applications. To explore KPD modeling’s scope and potential benefits, we conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. The research question was “Where can KPD modeling be applied, and what are the main outcomes from KPD models?”. We searched databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and EMBASE, using specific terms. Eligible articles had to be in english and discuss KPD modeling applications or its role in model development. Our review covered 132 articles published from January 2004 to October 2023, identifying 51 meeting inclusion criteria. Data included publication year, country, institution, study type, studied compounds, software tools, KPD applications, and outcomes. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of reviewed studies, highlighting diverse KPD modeling applications in clinical and preclinical settings. It outlines limitations and suggests avenues for rational KPD integration into research, clinical trials, and regulatory approvals. By harnessing KPD modeling’s power, pharmacometrics can enhance decision-making, addressing challenges posed by limited PK data, ultimately advancing drug development and patient care.
药物计量学在药物开发、指导剂量选择、研究设计、配方优化、生物标志物鉴定和商业可行性方面发挥着重要作用。虽然传统的药代动力学-药效学(PK/PD)模型被广泛接受，但动力学-药效学(KPD)模型仍然相对未得到充分利用。本文介绍了KPD建模作为在常规PK数据有限的情况下理解剂量效应关系的替代方法。KPD模型使用剂量作为预测关键参数的主要输入，为临床应用提供了有价值的工具。为了探索KPD建模的范围和潜在的好处，我们按照PRISMA指南进行了系统的回顾。研究的问题是“KPD模型可以应用在哪里，KPD模型的主要结果是什么?”我们搜索数据库，包括PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane和EMBASE，使用特定的术语。合格的文章必须是英文的，并且讨论KPD建模应用程序或其在模型开发中的作用。我们的综述涵盖了2004年1月至2023年10月期间发表的132篇文章，确定了51篇符合纳入标准。数据包括出版年份、国家、机构、研究类型、研究化合物、软件工具、KPD应用和结果。本文介绍了综述研究的综合分析，突出了临床和临床前环境中不同的KPD建模应用。它概述了局限性，并提出了将KPD合理整合到研究、临床试验和监管批准中的途径。通过利用KPD建模的力量，药物计量学可以增强决策，解决有限的PK数据带来的挑战，最终推进药物开发和患者护理。
{"title":"kinetic-pharmacodynamic models: applications, limitations and perspectives: A systematic review","authors":"Leonardo Xavier, Sandro Filho, Izabel Alves","doi":"10.22541/au.169996507.76550842/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169996507.76550842/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacometrics is instrumental in drug development, guiding decisions on dose selection, study design, formulation optimization, biomarker identification and commercial viability. While traditional Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling is widely embraced, Kinetic-Pharmacodynamic (KPD) modeling remains relatively underutilized. This paper introduces KPD modeling as an alternative approach for understanding dose-effect relationships in scenarios where conventional PK data is limited. KPD models use dose as the primary input to predict key parameters, offering a valuable tool for clinical applications. To explore KPD modeling’s scope and potential benefits, we conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. The research question was “Where can KPD modeling be applied, and what are the main outcomes from KPD models?”. We searched databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and EMBASE, using specific terms. Eligible articles had to be in english and discuss KPD modeling applications or its role in model development. Our review covered 132 articles published from January 2004 to October 2023, identifying 51 meeting inclusion criteria. Data included publication year, country, institution, study type, studied compounds, software tools, KPD applications, and outcomes. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of reviewed studies, highlighting diverse KPD modeling applications in clinical and preclinical settings. It outlines limitations and suggests avenues for rational KPD integration into research, clinical trials, and regulatory approvals. By harnessing KPD modeling’s power, pharmacometrics can enhance decision-making, addressing challenges posed by limited PK data, ultimately advancing drug development and patient care.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"51 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000370.07634797/v1
Yongjie Huang, Ming Xue, Xiao-Ming Hu, Elinor R Martin, Hector Mayol Novoa, Renee A. McPherson, Changhai Liu, Kyoko Ikeda, Roy Rasmussen, Andreas Franz Prein, Andres Vitaliano Perez, Isaac Yanqui Morales, José Luis Ticona, Auria Julieta Flores Luna
Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with two planetary boundary layer schemes, ACM2 and MYNN, convection-permitting model (CPM) regional climate simulations were conducted for a 6-year period at a 15-km grid spacing covering entire South America and a nested convection-permitting 3-km grid spacing covering the Peruvian central Andes region. These two CPM simulations along with a 4-km simulation covering South America produced by National Center for Atmospheric Research, three gridded global precipitation datasets, and rain gauge data in Peru and Brazil, are used to document the characteristics of precipitation and MCSs in the Peruvian central Andes region. Results show that all km-scale simulations generally capture the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation and MCSs at both seasonal and diurnal scales, although biases exist in aspects such as precipitation intensity and MCS frequency, size, propagation speed, and associated precipitation intensity. The 3-km simulation using MYNN scheme generally outperforms the other simulations in capturing seasonal and diurnal precipitation over the mountain, while both it and the 4-km simulation demonstrate superior performance in the western Amazon Basin, based on the comparison to the gridded precipitation products and gauge data. Dynamic factors, primarily low-level jet and terrain-induced uplift, are the key drivers for precipitation and MCS genesis along the east slope of the Andes, while thermodynamic factors control the precipitation and MCS activity in the western Amazon Basin and over elevated mountainous regions. The study suggests aspects of the model needing improvement and the choice of better model configurations for future regional climate projections.
{"title":"Characteristics of Precipitation and Mesoscale Convective Systems over the Peruvian Central Andes in Multi 5-Year Convection-Permitting Simulations","authors":"Yongjie Huang, Ming Xue, Xiao-Ming Hu, Elinor R Martin, Hector Mayol Novoa, Renee A. McPherson, Changhai Liu, Kyoko Ikeda, Roy Rasmussen, Andreas Franz Prein, Andres Vitaliano Perez, Isaac Yanqui Morales, José Luis Ticona, Auria Julieta Flores Luna","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000370.07634797/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000370.07634797/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with two planetary boundary layer schemes, ACM2 and MYNN, convection-permitting model (CPM) regional climate simulations were conducted for a 6-year period at a 15-km grid spacing covering entire South America and a nested convection-permitting 3-km grid spacing covering the Peruvian central Andes region. These two CPM simulations along with a 4-km simulation covering South America produced by National Center for Atmospheric Research, three gridded global precipitation datasets, and rain gauge data in Peru and Brazil, are used to document the characteristics of precipitation and MCSs in the Peruvian central Andes region. Results show that all km-scale simulations generally capture the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation and MCSs at both seasonal and diurnal scales, although biases exist in aspects such as precipitation intensity and MCS frequency, size, propagation speed, and associated precipitation intensity. The 3-km simulation using MYNN scheme generally outperforms the other simulations in capturing seasonal and diurnal precipitation over the mountain, while both it and the 4-km simulation demonstrate superior performance in the western Amazon Basin, based on the comparison to the gridded precipitation products and gauge data. Dynamic factors, primarily low-level jet and terrain-induced uplift, are the key drivers for precipitation and MCS genesis along the east slope of the Andes, while thermodynamic factors control the precipitation and MCS activity in the western Amazon Basin and over elevated mountainous regions. The study suggests aspects of the model needing improvement and the choice of better model configurations for future regional climate projections.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"29 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169999092.25614867/v1
Fiona L. Goggin, Hillary D. Fischer
Singlet Oxygen (SO) is among the most potent reactive oxygen species, and readily oxidizes proteins, lipids, and DNA. It can be generated at the plant surface by phototoxins in the epidermis, acting as a direct defense against pathogens and herbivores (including humans). SO can also accumulate within mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytosol, and the nucleus through multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. However, the primary location of SO in plants is in the chloroplast, where it results from transfer of light energy from PhotosystemII to triplet oxygen. SO accumulates in response to diverse stresses that perturb chloroplast metabolism, and while its short half-life precludes exiting the chloroplast, it participates in retrograde signaling through the EXECUTER1 sensor, generation of carotenoid metabolites, and possibly other unknown pathways. SO thereby reprograms nuclear gene expression and modulates hormone signaling and programmed cell death. While SO signaling has long been known to regulate plant responses to high-light stress, recent literature also suggests a role in plant interactions with insects, bacteria, and fungi. The goals of this review are to provide a brief overview of SO, summarize evidence for its involvement in biotic stress responses, and discuss future directions for the study of SO in signaling and defense.
{"title":"Fun in the Sun: Singlet Oxygen Harnessing the Power of Light in Response to Biotic Stresses","authors":"Fiona L. Goggin, Hillary D. Fischer","doi":"10.22541/au.169999092.25614867/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169999092.25614867/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Singlet Oxygen (SO) is among the most potent reactive oxygen species, and readily oxidizes proteins, lipids, and DNA. It can be generated at the plant surface by phototoxins in the epidermis, acting as a direct defense against pathogens and herbivores (including humans). SO can also accumulate within mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytosol, and the nucleus through multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. However, the primary location of SO in plants is in the chloroplast, where it results from transfer of light energy from PhotosystemII to triplet oxygen. SO accumulates in response to diverse stresses that perturb chloroplast metabolism, and while its short half-life precludes exiting the chloroplast, it participates in retrograde signaling through the EXECUTER1 sensor, generation of carotenoid metabolites, and possibly other unknown pathways. SO thereby reprograms nuclear gene expression and modulates hormone signaling and programmed cell death. While SO signaling has long been known to regulate plant responses to high-light stress, recent literature also suggests a role in plant interactions with insects, bacteria, and fungi. The goals of this review are to provide a brief overview of SO, summarize evidence for its involvement in biotic stress responses, and discuss future directions for the study of SO in signaling and defense.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"8 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169999564.44755050/v1
Wendy Robertson, Sarah Krzemien, Patrick Engelken, Deborah G. McCullough
Emerald ash borer (EAB) ( Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), an invasive, phloem-feeding beetle native to Asia, has killed millions of ash ( Fraxinus spp.) trees in North America since it was detected in southeast Michigan in 2002. Consistently high mortality of black ash ( Fraxinus nigra ) and green ash ( F. pennsylvanica ) which often occur in riparian forests is a concern given their role in regulating soil moisture and shallow groundwater levels. We monitored hydrologic processes in a riparian forest in southwest Michigan to assess impacts of EAB invasion and subsequent ash mortality. From 2018-2022, we recorded soil moisture, depth to groundwater and meteorological variables at 15-min intervals throughout the growing season in a canopy gap following EAB-caused ash mortality and in adjacent, unaffected forest in the Augusta Creek riparian zone. Groundwater contributions to evapotranspiration (ET ) were estimated using a groundwater level fluctuation (WLF) method. Significant differences in volumetric soil moisture content (16-26% higher in the gap than forest), average depth to water (10 cm in the gap vs 70 cm below land surface in the forest) and mean daily ET (0.6 in the gap vs 3.0 mm per day in the forest) persisted across four growing seasons. Within the gap, prolonged saturation of the near surface may be contributing to a shift from a forested riparian ecosystem to herb and sedge-dominated wetland. These differences have implications for an array of riparian zone ecosystem services, a concern given the extent of ash mortality already sustained in much eastern North America.
{"title":"Observations of reduced ET and persistent elevated water table beneath a riparian forest gap following emerald ash borer invasion and tree mortality","authors":"Wendy Robertson, Sarah Krzemien, Patrick Engelken, Deborah G. McCullough","doi":"10.22541/au.169999564.44755050/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169999564.44755050/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Emerald ash borer (EAB) ( Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), an invasive, phloem-feeding beetle native to Asia, has killed millions of ash ( Fraxinus spp.) trees in North America since it was detected in southeast Michigan in 2002. Consistently high mortality of black ash ( Fraxinus nigra ) and green ash ( F. pennsylvanica ) which often occur in riparian forests is a concern given their role in regulating soil moisture and shallow groundwater levels. We monitored hydrologic processes in a riparian forest in southwest Michigan to assess impacts of EAB invasion and subsequent ash mortality. From 2018-2022, we recorded soil moisture, depth to groundwater and meteorological variables at 15-min intervals throughout the growing season in a canopy gap following EAB-caused ash mortality and in adjacent, unaffected forest in the Augusta Creek riparian zone. Groundwater contributions to evapotranspiration (ET ) were estimated using a groundwater level fluctuation (WLF) method. Significant differences in volumetric soil moisture content (16-26% higher in the gap than forest), average depth to water (10 cm in the gap vs 70 cm below land surface in the forest) and mean daily ET (0.6 in the gap vs 3.0 mm per day in the forest) persisted across four growing seasons. Within the gap, prolonged saturation of the near surface may be contributing to a shift from a forested riparian ecosystem to herb and sedge-dominated wetland. These differences have implications for an array of riparian zone ecosystem services, a concern given the extent of ash mortality already sustained in much eastern North America.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"29 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169995543.32413735/v1
Mahsa Hakimara, Emma Despland
Do vertical gradients structure temperate forest insect herbivore communities? We tested the hypothesis that the increase in light intensity from understory to forest canopy level drives differences in leaf physical traits and budburst phenology that impact insect herbivores and thus play a role in structuring both herbivore communities and the damage they cause to trees. Twelve sugar maple (Acer saccharum) trees were monitored in southern Quebec, examining herbivore patterns from understory to canopy. Three sampling sessions took place in the summers of 2020, 2021, and 2022, recording temperature, humidity, sun exposure, and leaf physical traits in three strata. In the first two years, we measured herbivory rates, quantifying affected leaf surface percentage by damage type. Overall, herbivory damage decreased from the understory to the shade canopy and sun canopy in 2020, driven by leaf cutters and skeletonizers. Leaf stipplers and blotch miners also followed this pattern in 2020. The 2021 sampling showed a similar, albeit weaker, pattern. Leaf cutters and skeletonizers consistently caused less damage with increasing height in the canopy. The abundance of insect herbivores collected in 2022 matched the observed damage trend. Leaf thickness increased along the vertical gradient, making leaves less accessible to herbivores. Variation in plant traits according to sun exposure thus contributes to explaining vertical stratification of insect herbivore damage. The average annual herbivory rate of 9.1% of leaf surface suggests limited evidence supporting an important contribution of background herbivory to the decline of sugar maple forests
{"title":"Vertical stratification of leaf physical traits exerts bottom-up pressures on insect herbivory in a sugar maple temperate forest","authors":"Mahsa Hakimara, Emma Despland","doi":"10.22541/au.169995543.32413735/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169995543.32413735/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Do vertical gradients structure temperate forest insect herbivore communities? We tested the hypothesis that the increase in light intensity from understory to forest canopy level drives differences in leaf physical traits and budburst phenology that impact insect herbivores and thus play a role in structuring both herbivore communities and the damage they cause to trees. Twelve sugar maple (Acer saccharum) trees were monitored in southern Quebec, examining herbivore patterns from understory to canopy. Three sampling sessions took place in the summers of 2020, 2021, and 2022, recording temperature, humidity, sun exposure, and leaf physical traits in three strata. In the first two years, we measured herbivory rates, quantifying affected leaf surface percentage by damage type. Overall, herbivory damage decreased from the understory to the shade canopy and sun canopy in 2020, driven by leaf cutters and skeletonizers. Leaf stipplers and blotch miners also followed this pattern in 2020. The 2021 sampling showed a similar, albeit weaker, pattern. Leaf cutters and skeletonizers consistently caused less damage with increasing height in the canopy. The abundance of insect herbivores collected in 2022 matched the observed damage trend. Leaf thickness increased along the vertical gradient, making leaves less accessible to herbivores. Variation in plant traits according to sun exposure thus contributes to explaining vertical stratification of insect herbivore damage. The average annual herbivory rate of 9.1% of leaf surface suggests limited evidence supporting an important contribution of background herbivory to the decline of sugar maple forests","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"8 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169996552.25188347/v1
Albert Morera
In the field of ecology, we are facing urgent challenges related to biodiversity loss, global change and ecosystem sustainability. In this context, the application of Foundation Models emerges as a powerful tool. These models have the potential to reshape our understanding of natural systems, incorporating large volumes of data from different sources and generating results with a more holistic view of ecosystem functioning. However, the application of foundational models in ecology presents challenges that will need to be addressed, such as model interpretation, training efficiency, and the ethical considerations due their implementation.
{"title":"Foundation Models in shaping the future of ecology","authors":"Albert Morera","doi":"10.22541/au.169996552.25188347/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169996552.25188347/v1","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of ecology, we are facing urgent challenges related to biodiversity loss, global change and ecosystem sustainability. In this context, the application of Foundation Models emerges as a powerful tool. These models have the potential to reshape our understanding of natural systems, incorporating large volumes of data from different sources and generating results with a more holistic view of ecosystem functioning. However, the application of foundational models in ecology presents challenges that will need to be addressed, such as model interpretation, training efficiency, and the ethical considerations due their implementation.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"15 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169996525.59629438/v1
Jean-Luc Vrisakis, Clare Fraser, Udit Nindra, Adel Shahnam, Peter Grimison
{"title":"A case for the use of chemotherapy in hereditary optic neuropathies: successful administration of cisplatin/etoposide in a male patient with testicular seminoma and Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy","authors":"Jean-Luc Vrisakis, Clare Fraser, Udit Nindra, Adel Shahnam, Peter Grimison","doi":"10.22541/au.169996525.59629438/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169996525.59629438/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"15 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169997309.95502508/v1
Veronica Winter, Brian Smith, Danielle Berger, Ronan Hart, John Huang, Kezia Manlove, Frances Buderman, Tal Avgar
Species distribution and habitat selection models frequently use data collected from a small geographic area over a short window of time to extrapolate patterns of relative abundance to unobserved areas or periods of time. However, these types of models often poorly predict how animals will use habitat beyond the place and time of data collection because space-use behaviors vary between individuals and are context-dependent. Here, we present a modelling workflow to advance predictive distribution performance by explicitly accounting for individual variability in habitat selection behavior and dependence on environmental context. Using global positioning system (GPS) data collected from 238 individual pronghorn, (Antilocapra americana), across 3 years in Utah, we combine individual-year-season-specific exponential habitat-selection models with weighted mixed-effects regressions to both draw inference about the drivers of habitat selection and predict space-use in areas/times where/when pronghorn were not monitored. We found a tremendous amount of variation in both the magnitude and direction of habitat selection behavior across seasons, but also across individuals, geographic regions, and years. We were able to attribute portions of this variation to season, movement strategy, sex, and regional variability in resources, conditions, and risks. We were also able to partition residual variation into inter- and intra-individual components. We then used the results to predict population-level, spatially and temporally dynamic, habitat-selection coefficients across Utah, resulting in a temporally dynamic map of pronghorn distribution at a 30x30m resolution but an extent of 220,000km2. We believe our transferable workflow can provide managers and researchers alike a way to turn limitations of traditional RSF models - variability in habitat selection - into a tool to improve understanding and predicting animal distribution across space and time.
{"title":"Forecasting Animal Distribution through Individual Habitat Selection: Insights for Population Inference and Transferable Predictions","authors":"Veronica Winter, Brian Smith, Danielle Berger, Ronan Hart, John Huang, Kezia Manlove, Frances Buderman, Tal Avgar","doi":"10.22541/au.169997309.95502508/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169997309.95502508/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution and habitat selection models frequently use data collected from a small geographic area over a short window of time to extrapolate patterns of relative abundance to unobserved areas or periods of time. However, these types of models often poorly predict how animals will use habitat beyond the place and time of data collection because space-use behaviors vary between individuals and are context-dependent. Here, we present a modelling workflow to advance predictive distribution performance by explicitly accounting for individual variability in habitat selection behavior and dependence on environmental context. Using global positioning system (GPS) data collected from 238 individual pronghorn, (Antilocapra americana), across 3 years in Utah, we combine individual-year-season-specific exponential habitat-selection models with weighted mixed-effects regressions to both draw inference about the drivers of habitat selection and predict space-use in areas/times where/when pronghorn were not monitored. We found a tremendous amount of variation in both the magnitude and direction of habitat selection behavior across seasons, but also across individuals, geographic regions, and years. We were able to attribute portions of this variation to season, movement strategy, sex, and regional variability in resources, conditions, and risks. We were also able to partition residual variation into inter- and intra-individual components. We then used the results to predict population-level, spatially and temporally dynamic, habitat-selection coefficients across Utah, resulting in a temporally dynamic map of pronghorn distribution at a 30x30m resolution but an extent of 220,000km2. We believe our transferable workflow can provide managers and researchers alike a way to turn limitations of traditional RSF models - variability in habitat selection - into a tool to improve understanding and predicting animal distribution across space and time.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"34 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Constructing multi-dimensional hydrogen bond (H-bond) regulated single-molecule systems with multi-emission remains a challenge. Herein, we report an excited-excited intramolecular transfer (ESIPT) featured chromophore (HBT-DPI) that shows flexible emission tunability via the multi-dimensional regulation of intra- and intermolecular H-bonds. The feature of switchable intramolecular H-bonds is induced via incorporating two hydrogen bond acceptors into a single-molecule system, HBT-DPI, allowing the “turn on/off” of ESIPT process by forming isomers with distinct intramolecular H-bonds. In response to different solvent environments, the obtained four types of crystal/cocrystals vary in the contents of isomers and the molecular packing modes, which are mainly guided by the intermolecular H-bonds, exhibiting non-emissive features or emissions ranging from green to orange. Moreover, we demonstrate the practical utility of this fluorescent material for visualizing hydrophobic/hydrophilic areas on large-scale heterogeneous surfaces of modified PVDF membranes and quantitatively estimate the surface hydrophobicity, providing a new approach for hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity monitoring and measurement.
{"title":"Multi-dimensional Hydrogen Bonds Regulated Emissions of Single Molecule Enabling Hydrophobicity/Hydrophilicity Mapping","authors":"Hao Gu, Rui Li, Qiuying Li, Sheng Lu, Yahui Chen, Xiaoning Yang, Huili Ma, Zhijun Xu, Xiaoqiang Chen","doi":"10.22541/au.169993455.58667966/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169993455.58667966/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Constructing multi-dimensional hydrogen bond (H-bond) regulated single-molecule systems with multi-emission remains a challenge. Herein, we report an excited-excited intramolecular transfer (ESIPT) featured chromophore (HBT-DPI) that shows flexible emission tunability via the multi-dimensional regulation of intra- and intermolecular H-bonds. The feature of switchable intramolecular H-bonds is induced via incorporating two hydrogen bond acceptors into a single-molecule system, HBT-DPI, allowing the “turn on/off” of ESIPT process by forming isomers with distinct intramolecular H-bonds. In response to different solvent environments, the obtained four types of crystal/cocrystals vary in the contents of isomers and the molecular packing modes, which are mainly guided by the intermolecular H-bonds, exhibiting non-emissive features or emissions ranging from green to orange. Moreover, we demonstrate the practical utility of this fluorescent material for visualizing hydrophobic/hydrophilic areas on large-scale heterogeneous surfaces of modified PVDF membranes and quantitatively estimate the surface hydrophobicity, providing a new approach for hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity monitoring and measurement.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"17 25","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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