Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000834.42958476/v1
Luis Espinoza, Lucas Espinoza, Kim Nguyen-Finn, Leticia Nevarez Zavala
Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender individuals have persistent obstacles pertaining to their sexual orientation and gender identity, including but not limited to discrimination, prejudice, assault, limited access to healthcare, and inadequate social support. The present study investigates whether there are racial-ethnic differences in the physical and mental health (MH) of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Data from 28,345 adults who participated in the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System answered questions regarding sexual orientation (SO), transgender identity (TI), physical health (PH), and MH. SO, and TI were associated with overall general health, acute MH, acute PH, and specific chronic conditions. SO, and TI were associated with acute MH, PH chronic conditions, and overall general health, but not acute PH. Bisexuals had more chronic conditions than heterosexuals and worse acute MH than heterosexuals. SO, and TI strongly predicted acute PH and MH status respectively. These findings can assist healthcare providers in developing strategies to reduce health disparities among SGMs.
{"title":"Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Physical and Mental Health of U.S. Sexual and Gender Minority Adults","authors":"Luis Espinoza, Lucas Espinoza, Kim Nguyen-Finn, Leticia Nevarez Zavala","doi":"10.22541/au.170000834.42958476/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000834.42958476/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender individuals have persistent obstacles pertaining to their sexual orientation and gender identity, including but not limited to discrimination, prejudice, assault, limited access to healthcare, and inadequate social support. The present study investigates whether there are racial-ethnic differences in the physical and mental health (MH) of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Data from 28,345 adults who participated in the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System answered questions regarding sexual orientation (SO), transgender identity (TI), physical health (PH), and MH. SO, and TI were associated with overall general health, acute MH, acute PH, and specific chronic conditions. SO, and TI were associated with acute MH, PH chronic conditions, and overall general health, but not acute PH. Bisexuals had more chronic conditions than heterosexuals and worse acute MH than heterosexuals. SO, and TI strongly predicted acute PH and MH status respectively. These findings can assist healthcare providers in developing strategies to reduce health disparities among SGMs.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000956.66740754/v1
Steve McDonald, Tari Turner
Australia’s national living guidelines for COVID-19 were launched in April 2020 and include over 200 recommendations to guide the clinical care of patients with COVID-19. Until the guidelines were retired in August 2023, new evidence was continually monitored through daily surveillance. This paper describes how evidence surveillance was established (at a time when efforts to collate information on the novel coronavirus were in their infancy and often duplicative) and how it evolved throughout the pandemic. Among the wide range of sources monitored, the collections of COVID-19 research from leading medical journals, medRxiv preprints and PubMed auto alerts proved the most enduring in identifying time-critical and impactful evidence. The paper also explores how evidence was tracked and surveillance integrated into the overall evidence workflow by using messaging apps and communication platforms. Several factors contributed to the feasibility of daily surveillance, including the clearly defined scope of the guidelines; focusing efforts on maximum impact; minimising duplication by partnering with others; setting up simple but effective processes for managing evidence; and the value of continuous involvement of personnel from the outset. The example of Australia’s living COVID-19 guidelines has demonstrated the feasibility and essential role of daily evidence surveillance in maintaining COVID-19 living guidelines for over 3 years.
{"title":"Designing, refining and reflecting on 3 years of daily evidence surveillance for Australia's living national COVID-19 guidelines","authors":"Steve McDonald, Tari Turner","doi":"10.22541/au.170000956.66740754/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000956.66740754/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Australia’s national living guidelines for COVID-19 were launched in April 2020 and include over 200 recommendations to guide the clinical care of patients with COVID-19. Until the guidelines were retired in August 2023, new evidence was continually monitored through daily surveillance. This paper describes how evidence surveillance was established (at a time when efforts to collate information on the novel coronavirus were in their infancy and often duplicative) and how it evolved throughout the pandemic. Among the wide range of sources monitored, the collections of COVID-19 research from leading medical journals, medRxiv preprints and PubMed auto alerts proved the most enduring in identifying time-critical and impactful evidence. The paper also explores how evidence was tracked and surveillance integrated into the overall evidence workflow by using messaging apps and communication platforms. Several factors contributed to the feasibility of daily surveillance, including the clearly defined scope of the guidelines; focusing efforts on maximum impact; minimising duplication by partnering with others; setting up simple but effective processes for managing evidence; and the value of continuous involvement of personnel from the outset. The example of Australia’s living COVID-19 guidelines has demonstrated the feasibility and essential role of daily evidence surveillance in maintaining COVID-19 living guidelines for over 3 years.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"1 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000827.71841547/v1
Rui Guo, Wenhui Song, Jiyoung Yoo, Changyu Yoon, Yinhu Ai, Yan Yin, Jong Seung Kim, Weiying Lin
The dyes with the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties are significant for a wide range of studies. However, the existing AIE dyes still lack a readily tunable fluorescence switch. Herein, we described a type of structurally distinct dye family (named as XD dyes) with AIE properties. Significantly, the new XD dyes exhibit the advantageous feature over the traditional AIE fluorophores by possessing the intrinsic spirocyclization as a regulatable fluorescence switch. The AIE properties of XD dyes were examined by the spectroscopic studies, particle size analysis, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and solid fluorescence. Furthermore, the quantum chemical calculation, molecular dynamics simulation and recombination energy calculation provide the insights into the structural characteristics and the aggregation process of XD dyes. The development of this unique class of dyes could afford new perception and insights for the development of supreme functional fluorescent dyes and probes.
{"title":"Molecular engineered xanthene-based AIE dyes for tunable fluorescence switch","authors":"Rui Guo, Wenhui Song, Jiyoung Yoo, Changyu Yoon, Yinhu Ai, Yan Yin, Jong Seung Kim, Weiying Lin","doi":"10.22541/au.170000827.71841547/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000827.71841547/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The dyes with the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties are significant for a wide range of studies. However, the existing AIE dyes still lack a readily tunable fluorescence switch. Herein, we described a type of structurally distinct dye family (named as XD dyes) with AIE properties. Significantly, the new XD dyes exhibit the advantageous feature over the traditional AIE fluorophores by possessing the intrinsic spirocyclization as a regulatable fluorescence switch. The AIE properties of XD dyes were examined by the spectroscopic studies, particle size analysis, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and solid fluorescence. Furthermore, the quantum chemical calculation, molecular dynamics simulation and recombination energy calculation provide the insights into the structural characteristics and the aggregation process of XD dyes. The development of this unique class of dyes could afford new perception and insights for the development of supreme functional fluorescent dyes and probes.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"1 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169994799.99897209/v1
Snorre Flo, Anna Vader, Kim Præbel
1. Prey metabarcoding has become a popular tool in molecular ecology for resolving trophic interactions at high resolution, from various sample types and animals. To date, most predator-prey studies of small-sized animals (<1 mm) have met the problem of overabundant predator DNA in dietary samples by adding blocking primers/peptide nucleic acids. These primers aim to limit the PCR amplification and detection of the predator DNA but may introduce bias to the prey composition identified by interacting with sequences that are similar to those of the predator. 2. Here we demonstrate the use of an alternative method to explore the prey of small marine copepods using whole-body DNA extracts and deep, brute force metabarcoding of an 18S rDNA fragment. 3. After processing and curating raw data from two sequencing runs of varying depth (0.4 and 5.4 billion raw reads), we isolated 1.3 and 52.2 million prey reads, with average depths of ~15 900 and ~120 000 prey reads per copepod individual, respectively. While data from both sequencing runs were sufficient to distinguish dietary compositions from disparate seasons, locations and copepod species, greater sequencing depth led to better separation of clusters. 4. As computation and sequencing are becoming ever more powerful and affordable, we expect the brute force approach to become a general standard for prey metabarcoding, as it offers a simple and affordable solution to consumers that are impractical to dissect or unknown to science.
{"title":"Brute force prey metabarcoding to explore the diets of small invertebrates","authors":"Snorre Flo, Anna Vader, Kim Præbel","doi":"10.22541/au.169994799.99897209/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169994799.99897209/v1","url":null,"abstract":"1. Prey metabarcoding has become a popular tool in molecular ecology for resolving trophic interactions at high resolution, from various sample types and animals. To date, most predator-prey studies of small-sized animals (<1 mm) have met the problem of overabundant predator DNA in dietary samples by adding blocking primers/peptide nucleic acids. These primers aim to limit the PCR amplification and detection of the predator DNA but may introduce bias to the prey composition identified by interacting with sequences that are similar to those of the predator. 2. Here we demonstrate the use of an alternative method to explore the prey of small marine copepods using whole-body DNA extracts and deep, brute force metabarcoding of an 18S rDNA fragment. 3. After processing and curating raw data from two sequencing runs of varying depth (0.4 and 5.4 billion raw reads), we isolated 1.3 and 52.2 million prey reads, with average depths of ~15 900 and ~120 000 prey reads per copepod individual, respectively. While data from both sequencing runs were sufficient to distinguish dietary compositions from disparate seasons, locations and copepod species, greater sequencing depth led to better separation of clusters. 4. As computation and sequencing are becoming ever more powerful and affordable, we expect the brute force approach to become a general standard for prey metabarcoding, as it offers a simple and affordable solution to consumers that are impractical to dissect or unknown to science.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"1 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000349.97043887/v1
Julie Camille André, Fabio D'Andrea, Philippe J Drobinski, Caroline Muller
The Mediterranean region is experiencing pronounced aridification and in certain areas higher occurrence of intense precipitation.In this work, we analyze the evolution of the rainfall probability distribution in terms of precipitating days (or “wet-days”) and all-days quantile trends, in Europe and the Mediterranean, using the ERA5 reanalysis.Looking at the form of wet-days quantile trends curves, we identify four regimes.Two are predominant: in most of Northern Europe the rainfall quantiles all intensify, while in the Mediterranean the low-medium quantiles are mostly decreasing as extremes intensify.The wet-days distribution is then modeled by a Weibull law with two parameters, whose changes capture the four regimes.Assessing the significance of the parameter changes over 1950–2020 shows that a signal on wet-days distribution has already emerged in Northern Europe (where the distribution shifts to more intense rainfall), but not yet in the Mediterranean, where the natural variability is stronger.We extend the results by describing the all-days distribution change as the wet-days’, plus a contribution from the dry-days frequency change, and study their relative contribution.In Northern Europe, the wet-days distribution change is the dominant driver, and the contribution of dry-days frequency change can be neglected for wet-days percentiles above about 50%.In the Mediterranean, however, the contribution to all-days change of wet-days distribution change is much smaller than the one of dry-days frequency.Therefore, in the Mediterranean the increase of dry-days frequency is crucial for all-days trends, even when looking at heavy precipitations.
{"title":"Regimes of precipitation change over Europe and the Mediterranean","authors":"Julie Camille André, Fabio D'Andrea, Philippe J Drobinski, Caroline Muller","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000349.97043887/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000349.97043887/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean region is experiencing pronounced aridification and in certain areas higher occurrence of intense precipitation.In this work, we analyze the evolution of the rainfall probability distribution in terms of precipitating days (or “wet-days”) and all-days quantile trends, in Europe and the Mediterranean, using the ERA5 reanalysis.Looking at the form of wet-days quantile trends curves, we identify four regimes.Two are predominant: in most of Northern Europe the rainfall quantiles all intensify, while in the Mediterranean the low-medium quantiles are mostly decreasing as extremes intensify.The wet-days distribution is then modeled by a Weibull law with two parameters, whose changes capture the four regimes.Assessing the significance of the parameter changes over 1950–2020 shows that a signal on wet-days distribution has already emerged in Northern Europe (where the distribution shifts to more intense rainfall), but not yet in the Mediterranean, where the natural variability is stronger.We extend the results by describing the all-days distribution change as the wet-days’, plus a contribution from the dry-days frequency change, and study their relative contribution.In Northern Europe, the wet-days distribution change is the dominant driver, and the contribution of dry-days frequency change can be neglected for wet-days percentiles above about 50%.In the Mediterranean, however, the contribution to all-days change of wet-days distribution change is much smaller than the one of dry-days frequency.Therefore, in the Mediterranean the increase of dry-days frequency is crucial for all-days trends, even when looking at heavy precipitations.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"26 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000013.32359841/v1
Jonathan H Jiang, Stuart Fisher Taylor, Nick Searra, Philip E. Rosen
The quest for finding extraterrestrial life has been a fascination for humanity for centuries, yet we have not yet found any concrete evidence of life beyond our planet, except for some hints of methane on Mars. It is essential to document this time of not having found any life to fully describe our perspective to other civilizations, anticipate how these events may change humanity, and appreciate the uncertainty of our knowledge about the universe.
{"title":"Reflecting on Our Present Self-Awareness of Not Having Found Any Life Beyond Earth","authors":"Jonathan H Jiang, Stuart Fisher Taylor, Nick Searra, Philip E. Rosen","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000013.32359841/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000013.32359841/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The quest for finding extraterrestrial life has been a fascination for humanity for centuries, yet we have not yet found any concrete evidence of life beyond our planet, except for some hints of methane on Mars. It is essential to document this time of not having found any life to fully describe our perspective to other civilizations, anticipate how these events may change humanity, and appreciate the uncertainty of our knowledge about the universe.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"3 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000500.05855700/v1
Sudip Chakraborty, Bin Guan, Duane Edward Waliser, Arlindo M. daSilva, Jonathan H Jiang
This study investigates the impacts of aerosol atmospheric rivers (AARs) on extreme Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) levels (PM2.5 > 15mgm-3, as per the WHO) and on aerosol optical depth (AOD) extremes (AOD > 98th percentile) over the US and the globe, respectively, between 1997-2020. Results show that over various regions over the US, extreme PM2.5values are associated with AARs up to 70% of the time. Dust (sulfate) AARs are responsible for extreme PM2.5 levels over the southwestern (northeastern and the east coastal) US. Organic and black carbon AARs are associated with extreme PM2.5 levels over the Midwest region of the US. Globally, AARs are associated with 40-80% of the extreme AOD levels over the US, Sahel, Europe, Middle East, US, South America, East Asia, India, and South Africa. Such associations often lead to the highest or the second highest PM2.5 and AOD levels recorded over those stations between 1997-2020.
{"title":"Aerosol Atmospheric Rivers as Drivers of Extreme Poor Air Quality Events and Record PM2.5 Levels","authors":"Sudip Chakraborty, Bin Guan, Duane Edward Waliser, Arlindo M. daSilva, Jonathan H Jiang","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000500.05855700/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000500.05855700/v1","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impacts of aerosol atmospheric rivers (AARs) on extreme Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) levels (PM2.5 > 15mgm-3, as per the WHO) and on aerosol optical depth (AOD) extremes (AOD > 98th percentile) over the US and the globe, respectively, between 1997-2020. Results show that over various regions over the US, extreme PM2.5values are associated with AARs up to 70% of the time. Dust (sulfate) AARs are responsible for extreme PM2.5 levels over the southwestern (northeastern and the east coastal) US. Organic and black carbon AARs are associated with extreme PM2.5 levels over the Midwest region of the US. Globally, AARs are associated with 40-80% of the extreme AOD levels over the US, Sahel, Europe, Middle East, US, South America, East Asia, India, and South Africa. Such associations often lead to the highest or the second highest PM2.5 and AOD levels recorded over those stations between 1997-2020.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"30 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Upscaling flux tower measurements based on machine learning (ML) algorithms is an essential approach for large-scale net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) estimation, but existing ML upscaling methods face some challenges, particularly in capturing NEE interannual variations (IAVs) that may relate to lagged effects. With the capacity of characterizing temporal memory effects, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are expected to help solve this problem. Here we explored the potential of LSTM for predicting NEE across various ecosystems using flux tower data over 82 sites in North America. The LSTM model with differentiated plant function types (PFTs) demonstrates the capability to explain 79.19% (R2 = 0.79) of the monthly variations in NEE within the testing set, with RMSE and MAE values of 0.89 and 0.57 g C m-2 d-1 respectively (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Moreover, the LSTM model performed robustly in predicting cross-site variability, with 67.19% of the sites that can be predicted by both LSTM models with and without distinguished PFTs showing improved predictive ability. Most importantly, the IAV of predicted NEE highly correlated with that in flux observations (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), clearly outperforming that by the random forest model (r = -0.21, p = 0.011). Among all nine PFTs, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, downward shortwave radiation, and leaf area index are the most important variables for explaining NEE variations, collectively accounting for approximately 54.01% in total. This study highlights the great potential of LSTM for improving carbon flux upscaling with multi-source remote sensing data.
基于机器学习(ML)算法的通量塔升级测量是大规模净生态系统二氧化碳交换(NEE)估计的重要方法，但现有的ML升级方法面临一些挑战，特别是在捕获可能与滞后效应相关的NEE年际变化(IAVs)方面。长短期记忆(LSTM)网络具有表征时间记忆效应的能力，有望帮助解决这个问题。在这里，我们利用北美82个站点的通量塔数据，探索了LSTM在预测不同生态系统新能源经济性方面的潜力。具有不同植物功能类型(PFTs)的LSTM模型能够解释测试集中NEE月变化的79.19% (R2 = 0.79)， RMSE和MAE分别为0.89和0.57 g C m-2 d-1 (r = 0.89, p <0.001)。此外，LSTM模型在预测跨站点变异性方面表现稳健，67.19%的LSTM模型在有和没有区分PFTs的情况下都能预测站点，预测能力有所提高。最重要的是，预测NEE的IAV与通量观测值高度相关(r = 0.81, p <0.001)，明显优于随机森林模型(r = -0.21, p = 0.011)。在所有9个pft中，太阳诱导的叶绿素荧光、向下短波辐射和叶面积指数是解释NEE变化的最重要变量，合计约占54.01%。本研究强调了LSTM在利用多源遥感数据改善碳通量升级方面的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Predicting Net CO2 Exchange Across Various Ecosystems With Multi-Source Data","authors":"Chengcheng Huang, Wei He, Jinxiu Liu, Ngoc Tu Nguyen, Hua Yang, Yiming Lv, Hui Chen, Mengyao Zhao","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000018.89933793/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000018.89933793/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Upscaling flux tower measurements based on machine learning (ML) algorithms is an essential approach for large-scale net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) estimation, but existing ML upscaling methods face some challenges, particularly in capturing NEE interannual variations (IAVs) that may relate to lagged effects. With the capacity of characterizing temporal memory effects, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are expected to help solve this problem. Here we explored the potential of LSTM for predicting NEE across various ecosystems using flux tower data over 82 sites in North America. The LSTM model with differentiated plant function types (PFTs) demonstrates the capability to explain 79.19% (R2 = 0.79) of the monthly variations in NEE within the testing set, with RMSE and MAE values of 0.89 and 0.57 g C m-2 d-1 respectively (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Moreover, the LSTM model performed robustly in predicting cross-site variability, with 67.19% of the sites that can be predicted by both LSTM models with and without distinguished PFTs showing improved predictive ability. Most importantly, the IAV of predicted NEE highly correlated with that in flux observations (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), clearly outperforming that by the random forest model (r = -0.21, p = 0.011). Among all nine PFTs, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, downward shortwave radiation, and leaf area index are the most important variables for explaining NEE variations, collectively accounting for approximately 54.01% in total. This study highlights the great potential of LSTM for improving carbon flux upscaling with multi-source remote sensing data.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"9 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.22541/au.169999221.18673873/v1
Rabia Chhachhar, Dr.Habibullah Abbasi
The water availability concerns have been increasing due to having significant impacts of Land use land cover change and climate variability. In terms of developing countries, it is one of the biggest challenges to overcome and manage sustainability in the present and future. This study aims to evaluate the change in hydrological components and simulation of sediment yield and water yield on the large-scale basin of Kotri barrage with a change in streamflow due to a change in LULC. This study has been done on the watershed as well as the sub-watershed level to have an accurate estimation and simulation by finding the response of hydrological components towards its natural and human-induced factors using the Soil and Water Assessment tool (SWAT) with high-resolution geospatial and temporal inputs over the Kotri catchment. The sediment and water yield were quantified using 42 years of simulation (1990-2022) on the sub-basin level, projected to LuLc 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2022. The increase in deforestation, agriculture, and settlement areas resulted increase in sediment load in the catchment. The sub-basins 14, 11, 12, and 13, with a high elevation and slope and with less vegetation showed higher sediment load and water yield than the sub-basins with gentle slope and with high natural vegetation cover. The sub-basins 10, 4, and 1 showed high water yield availability compared to basins 2,3,5,6,7,8,9. This may be the result of vegetation differences. However, contained less sediment load than basins 14, 11, 12, and 13. The main objective was to quantify the significant changes affecting catchment and sub-catchment areas, to have a better understanding of the management plan regarding LULC. The simulated data was further projected to prediction using machine algorithms (ARIMA) model for precipitation prediction, and (SARIMAX) model to predict the sediment yield and water yield in the catchment to 2060.
{"title":"Hydrological Response to Land Use Land Cover and Climate Variability, and Simulation of Sediment Export and Water Yield in the Catchment Kotri Sindh Pakistan Using SWAT Model","authors":"Rabia Chhachhar, Dr.Habibullah Abbasi","doi":"10.22541/au.169999221.18673873/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169999221.18673873/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The water availability concerns have been increasing due to having significant impacts of Land use land cover change and climate variability. In terms of developing countries, it is one of the biggest challenges to overcome and manage sustainability in the present and future. This study aims to evaluate the change in hydrological components and simulation of sediment yield and water yield on the large-scale basin of Kotri barrage with a change in streamflow due to a change in LULC. This study has been done on the watershed as well as the sub-watershed level to have an accurate estimation and simulation by finding the response of hydrological components towards its natural and human-induced factors using the Soil and Water Assessment tool (SWAT) with high-resolution geospatial and temporal inputs over the Kotri catchment. The sediment and water yield were quantified using 42 years of simulation (1990-2022) on the sub-basin level, projected to LuLc 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2022. The increase in deforestation, agriculture, and settlement areas resulted increase in sediment load in the catchment. The sub-basins 14, 11, 12, and 13, with a high elevation and slope and with less vegetation showed higher sediment load and water yield than the sub-basins with gentle slope and with high natural vegetation cover. The sub-basins 10, 4, and 1 showed high water yield availability compared to basins 2,3,5,6,7,8,9. This may be the result of vegetation differences. However, contained less sediment load than basins 14, 11, 12, and 13. The main objective was to quantify the significant changes affecting catchment and sub-catchment areas, to have a better understanding of the management plan regarding LULC. The simulated data was further projected to prediction using machine algorithms (ARIMA) model for precipitation prediction, and (SARIMAX) model to predict the sediment yield and water yield in the catchment to 2060.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"17 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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