Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000969.92650532/v1
Thomas F Heston
The Heston model, widely used in financial markets to characterize stochastic volatility, may have innovative applications to predict volatility in medicine and healthcare. This article hypothesizes potential uses of the Heston model to quantify volatility in epidemiology, pharmacology, healthcare operations, medical imaging, and biological systems. Conceptually, the ability of the model to quantify unpredictability could provide insight into complex medical processes with inherent variability. Specific ideas proposed include modeling disease spread dynamics, optimizing personalized drug dosing, forecasting healthcare service demand, analyzing signal fluctuations in medical images, and elucidating variability in biological systems such as heart rate and neural activity. However, significant research and rigorous testing would be required to determine the feasibility and validity of applying the Heston model in these contexts. Tailoring the model to capture many interacting variables in biological and medical systems poses challenges. Nonetheless, the hypothetical connections between the Heston model’s capabilities to predict volatility and potential medical applications merit further exploration.
{"title":"Quantifying Uncertainty: Potential Medical Applications of the Heston Model of Financial Stochastic Volatility","authors":"Thomas F Heston","doi":"10.22541/au.170000969.92650532/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000969.92650532/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The Heston model, widely used in financial markets to characterize stochastic volatility, may have innovative applications to predict volatility in medicine and healthcare. This article hypothesizes potential uses of the Heston model to quantify volatility in epidemiology, pharmacology, healthcare operations, medical imaging, and biological systems. Conceptually, the ability of the model to quantify unpredictability could provide insight into complex medical processes with inherent variability. Specific ideas proposed include modeling disease spread dynamics, optimizing personalized drug dosing, forecasting healthcare service demand, analyzing signal fluctuations in medical images, and elucidating variability in biological systems such as heart rate and neural activity. However, significant research and rigorous testing would be required to determine the feasibility and validity of applying the Heston model in these contexts. Tailoring the model to capture many interacting variables in biological and medical systems poses challenges. Nonetheless, the hypothetical connections between the Heston model’s capabilities to predict volatility and potential medical applications merit further exploration.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000973.30854039/v1
Dr. Dan Sandiford
The coupling between subducted slabs and trailing plates is often conceptualised in terms of a net in-plane force. If a significant fraction of upper-mantle slab buoyancy (e.g. ~ 25%) were transferred in this manner, a net in-plane force on the order of 5-10 TN/m would be typical of the trailing plates. Results from a numerical subduction model are presented here which question both the magnitude and-perhaps more profoundly-the mode of force transmission. In this model the subducting plate (SP) driving force is predominantly supplied by differences in gravitational potential energy (GPE). The GPE associated with plate downbending (flexural topography) provides about half the total driving force. The magnitude of the trench GPE is related to the amplitude of topography, but is mediated by the internal stress distributions associated with bending. Above the elastic core, the stress is Andersonian and vertical normal stresses are lithostatic. This implies horizontal gradients in the vertical normal stress, across columns of different elevation in the outer slope. The bulk of the trench GPE arises from this upper, extensional section the lithosphere. Vertical shear stress (and horizontal gradients thereof) are concentrated in the elastic core of the slab, where principal stresses rotate through 90 degrees. In this region, horizontal gradients in vertical normal stress rapidly diminish; they fully equilibrate at about twice the neutral plane depth. For the deepest trenches on Earth, these relationships imply trench GPE of up to about 5 TN/m. The model demonstrates that mantle slabs can drive plate tectonics simply through downbending, where the predominant mode of slab-plate coupling is via the vertical shear force and bending moment.
{"title":"Slab-plate coupling via downbending and GPE","authors":"Dr. Dan Sandiford","doi":"10.22541/au.170000973.30854039/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000973.30854039/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The coupling between subducted slabs and trailing plates is often conceptualised in terms of a net in-plane force. If a significant fraction of upper-mantle slab buoyancy (e.g. ~ 25%) were transferred in this manner, a net in-plane force on the order of 5-10 TN/m would be typical of the trailing plates. Results from a numerical subduction model are presented here which question both the magnitude and-perhaps more profoundly-the mode of force transmission. In this model the subducting plate (SP) driving force is predominantly supplied by differences in gravitational potential energy (GPE). The GPE associated with plate downbending (flexural topography) provides about half the total driving force. The magnitude of the trench GPE is related to the amplitude of topography, but is mediated by the internal stress distributions associated with bending. Above the elastic core, the stress is Andersonian and vertical normal stresses are lithostatic. This implies horizontal gradients in the vertical normal stress, across columns of different elevation in the outer slope. The bulk of the trench GPE arises from this upper, extensional section the lithosphere. Vertical shear stress (and horizontal gradients thereof) are concentrated in the elastic core of the slab, where principal stresses rotate through 90 degrees. In this region, horizontal gradients in vertical normal stress rapidly diminish; they fully equilibrate at about twice the neutral plane depth. For the deepest trenches on Earth, these relationships imply trench GPE of up to about 5 TN/m. The model demonstrates that mantle slabs can drive plate tectonics simply through downbending, where the predominant mode of slab-plate coupling is via the vertical shear force and bending moment.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and Improvement of a Transient Temperature Model of PV Modules: Concept of Trailing Data","authors":"Whyte Goodfriend, Pieters E Bart, Merdzhanova Tsvetelina, Agbo Solomon, Ezema Fabian, Uwe Rau","doi":"10.22541/au.170000973.38776018/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000973.38776018/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000972.25951252/v1
Cristiano Agra Iserhard, Shimene Torve Malta, Carla Maria Penz, Brenda Barbon Fraga, Camila Abel da Costa, Taiane Schwantz, Kauane Maiara Bordin
{"title":"THE LARGE AND CENTRAL Caligo martia HIND WING EYESPOT MAY REDUCE FATAL ATTACKS BY BIRDS: A CASE STUDY SUPPORTS THE DEFLECTION HYPOTHESIS IN NATURE ","authors":"Cristiano Agra Iserhard, Shimene Torve Malta, Carla Maria Penz, Brenda Barbon Fraga, Camila Abel da Costa, Taiane Schwantz, Kauane Maiara Bordin","doi":"10.22541/au.170000972.25951252/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000972.25951252/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.167639408.80317179/v2
Berenike Blaser, Mathias Weymar, Julia Wendt
Vagally mediated heart rate variability is an index of autonomic nervous system activity that is associated with a large variety of outcome variables including psychopathology and self-regulation. While practicing heart rate variability biofeedback over several weeks has been reliably associated with a number of positive outcomes, its acute effects are not well known. Because the strongest association with heart rate variability has been found particularly within the attention-related subdomain of self-regulation, we investigated the acute effect of heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control using the revised Attention Network Test (ANT-R). Fifty-six participants were tested in two sessions. In one session each subject received a heart rate variability biofeedback intervention, and in the other session a control intervention of paced breathing at a normal ventilation rate. After the biofeedback or control intervention, participants completed the ANT-R using the Orienting Score as a measure of attentional control. Mixed models revealed that higher resting baseline heart rate variability (RMSSD) was associated with better performance in attentional control, which suggests more efficient direction of attention to target stimuli. There was no significant main effect of the intervention on attentional control. However, an interaction effect indicated better performance in attentional control after biofeedback in individuals who reported higher current stress levels. The results point to acute beneficial effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on cognitive performance in highly stressed individuals. Although promising, the results need to be replicated in larger or more targeted samples in order to reach stronger conclusions about the effects.
{"title":"Heart rate variability biofeedback acutely improves attentional control only in highly stressed individuals","authors":"Berenike Blaser, Mathias Weymar, Julia Wendt","doi":"10.22541/au.167639408.80317179/v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.167639408.80317179/v2","url":null,"abstract":"Vagally mediated heart rate variability is an index of autonomic nervous system activity that is associated with a large variety of outcome variables including psychopathology and self-regulation. While practicing heart rate variability biofeedback over several weeks has been reliably associated with a number of positive outcomes, its acute effects are not well known. Because the strongest association with heart rate variability has been found particularly within the attention-related subdomain of self-regulation, we investigated the acute effect of heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control using the revised Attention Network Test (ANT-R). Fifty-six participants were tested in two sessions. In one session each subject received a heart rate variability biofeedback intervention, and in the other session a control intervention of paced breathing at a normal ventilation rate. After the biofeedback or control intervention, participants completed the ANT-R using the Orienting Score as a measure of attentional control. Mixed models revealed that higher resting baseline heart rate variability (RMSSD) was associated with better performance in attentional control, which suggests more efficient direction of attention to target stimuli. There was no significant main effect of the intervention on attentional control. However, an interaction effect indicated better performance in attentional control after biofeedback in individuals who reported higher current stress levels. The results point to acute beneficial effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on cognitive performance in highly stressed individuals. Although promising, the results need to be replicated in larger or more targeted samples in order to reach stronger conclusions about the effects.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000971.10184105/v1
Ming Chen
{"title":"In the age of microRNAs, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer","authors":"Ming Chen","doi":"10.22541/au.170000971.10184105/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000971.10184105/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000970.04000451/v1
Krishna Ahluwalia
{"title":"Unveiling the Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Invasion","authors":"Krishna Ahluwalia","doi":"10.22541/au.170000970.04000451/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000970.04000451/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000971.19138167/v1
Bjorn Gustafsson, Erik Berg, Axel Karlsson, Nils Eklund
{"title":"Implications for precision medicine and the reciprocal control of microRNAs by Hippo and TAZ signaling in breast cancer","authors":"Bjorn Gustafsson, Erik Berg, Axel Karlsson, Nils Eklund","doi":"10.22541/au.170000971.19138167/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000971.19138167/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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