Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000982.28793855/v1
Yutaka Iguchi
The effect of pruning severity on tree growth was analyzed by change point detection using segmented regression. The present study applied this analysis to a well-known published data set including diameter growth response, tree age, pruning severity and pretreatment crown size. First, multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of tree age, pruning severity and pretreatment crown size on diameter growth response. Next. segmented regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of pruning severity on diameter growth response. The results of the multiple regression showed that diameter growth response was significantly influenced by pruning severity and pretreatment crown size. The results of the segmented regression showed that in the whole data set, an abrupt change toward a decrease in diameter growth response was detected at 25% of the live crown removed. However, in the group of fully crowned and open-grown, diameter growth response continuously decreased with increasing pruning severity with no significant abrupt change, whereas in the group of 70-90% live crown, diameter growth response did not significantly decrease up to the break point (53% crown removed) and then abruptly decreased. This may be the first study to show the numerical evaluation of the effect of pruning severity on tree growth by change point analysis.
{"title":"Change point analysis to detect the effect of pruning severity on tree growth","authors":"Yutaka Iguchi","doi":"10.22541/au.170000982.28793855/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000982.28793855/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of pruning severity on tree growth was analyzed by change point detection using segmented regression. The present study applied this analysis to a well-known published data set including diameter growth response, tree age, pruning severity and pretreatment crown size. First, multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of tree age, pruning severity and pretreatment crown size on diameter growth response. Next. segmented regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of pruning severity on diameter growth response. The results of the multiple regression showed that diameter growth response was significantly influenced by pruning severity and pretreatment crown size. The results of the segmented regression showed that in the whole data set, an abrupt change toward a decrease in diameter growth response was detected at 25% of the live crown removed. However, in the group of fully crowned and open-grown, diameter growth response continuously decreased with increasing pruning severity with no significant abrupt change, whereas in the group of 70-90% live crown, diameter growth response did not significantly decrease up to the break point (53% crown removed) and then abruptly decreased. This may be the first study to show the numerical evaluation of the effect of pruning severity on tree growth by change point analysis.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000970.01317122/v1
Aashna Bhatia, Rukmoni Balasubramanian, Ananth Pai
{"title":"Primary Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma of the Liver treated with Chemotherapy -A case Report","authors":"Aashna Bhatia, Rukmoni Balasubramanian, Ananth Pai","doi":"10.22541/au.170000970.01317122/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000970.01317122/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.169865495.53859771/v2
Clement Duvert, Adria Barbeta Margarit, Lindsay Hutley, Leidy Rodriguez, Dylan J. Irvine, Andrew Taylor
Cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) is a widely used technique for extracting plant water from stems for isotopic analysis, but concerns about potential isotopic biases have emerged. Here, we leverage the Cavitron centrifugation technique to extract xylem water and compare its isotopic signature to that of CVD-extracted stem water as well as source water. Conducted under field conditions in tropical northern Australia, our study spans seven tree species naturally experiencing a range of water stress levels. Our findings reveal a significant deuterium bias in CVD-extracted bulk stem water when compared to xylem water (median bias -14.9‰), whereas xylem water closely aligned with source water (median offset -1.9‰). We find substantial variations in deuterium bias among the seven tree species (bias ranging from -19.3 to -9.1‰), but intriguingly, CVD-induced biases were unrelated to environmental factors such as relative stem water content and pre-dawn leaf water potential. These results imply that inter-specific differences may be driven by anatomical traits rather than tree hydraulic functioning. Additionally, our data highlight the potential to use a site-specific deuterium offset, based on the isotopic signature of local source water, for correcting CVD-induced biases.
{"title":"Cavitron extraction of xylem water suggests cryogenic extraction biases vary across species but are independent of tree water stress","authors":"Clement Duvert, Adria Barbeta Margarit, Lindsay Hutley, Leidy Rodriguez, Dylan J. Irvine, Andrew Taylor","doi":"10.22541/au.169865495.53859771/v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169865495.53859771/v2","url":null,"abstract":"Cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) is a widely used technique for extracting plant water from stems for isotopic analysis, but concerns about potential isotopic biases have emerged. Here, we leverage the Cavitron centrifugation technique to extract xylem water and compare its isotopic signature to that of CVD-extracted stem water as well as source water. Conducted under field conditions in tropical northern Australia, our study spans seven tree species naturally experiencing a range of water stress levels. Our findings reveal a significant deuterium bias in CVD-extracted bulk stem water when compared to xylem water (median bias -14.9‰), whereas xylem water closely aligned with source water (median offset -1.9‰). We find substantial variations in deuterium bias among the seven tree species (bias ranging from -19.3 to -9.1‰), but intriguingly, CVD-induced biases were unrelated to environmental factors such as relative stem water content and pre-dawn leaf water potential. These results imply that inter-specific differences may be driven by anatomical traits rather than tree hydraulic functioning. Additionally, our data highlight the potential to use a site-specific deuterium offset, based on the isotopic signature of local source water, for correcting CVD-induced biases.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000976.60857729/v1
Michael Rose, Mohammad Ghasan, Emilia Jones
{"title":"Nutritional Considerations Regarding the Role of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Obesity-Related Breast Cancer","authors":"Michael Rose, Mohammad Ghasan, Emilia Jones","doi":"10.22541/au.170000976.60857729/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000976.60857729/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000955.53979716/v1
Heather Ames, Emma France, Sara Cooper, Mayara Silveira Bianchim, Simon Lewis, Bey-Marrié Schmidt, Isabelle Uny, Jane Noyes
This paper introduces version one of an assessment tool developed to address the challenges posed by the assessment of data thickness and richness in primary qualitative studies for Qualitative Evidence Syntheses (QES). The tool has been in development since 2014. Three pilot versions from three review teams have been used in six Cochrane reviews. Key members from the original three review teams came together to create a consensus-based definitive version 1 of the tool for publication. Four review authors piloted the version 1 tool. The definitive version 1 assessment tool consists of two components: assessing the thickness of contextual data and assessing the richness of conceptual data. A sliding scale with four points is used to rate these aspects, offering nuanced and qualitative judgments. The accompanying guidance emphasizes the importance of assessing data that addresses the review question. Paragraph locked by Heather Melanie R Ames The paper provides guidance on how to apply the tool, emphasizing the importance of reaching a consensus among review authors, and fostering a shared understanding of what constitutes rich and thick data in the context of the review. The potential challenges related to the time and resource constraints of this additional review process are acknowledged. Version 1 of the data thickness/richness assessment tool represents a significant development in QES methodology, filling a critical gap in tools for evaluating the richness of conceptual data and the level of contextual detail in primary qualitative studies. It enhances the transparency and rigor of the sampling process and offers valuable insights for assessing the thickness and richness of data in primary qualitative studies that addresses the review requestion, objectives and context as specified in the review protocol. The authors invite feedback from the research community to further test, refine and improve this tool based on wider user experiences.
{"title":"Assessing qualitative data richness and thickness: development of an evidence-based tool for use in qualitative evidence synthesis Short running title: A data thickness/richness assessment tool","authors":"Heather Ames, Emma France, Sara Cooper, Mayara Silveira Bianchim, Simon Lewis, Bey-Marrié Schmidt, Isabelle Uny, Jane Noyes","doi":"10.22541/au.170000955.53979716/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000955.53979716/v1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces version one of an assessment tool developed to address the challenges posed by the assessment of data thickness and richness in primary qualitative studies for Qualitative Evidence Syntheses (QES). The tool has been in development since 2014. Three pilot versions from three review teams have been used in six Cochrane reviews. Key members from the original three review teams came together to create a consensus-based definitive version 1 of the tool for publication. Four review authors piloted the version 1 tool. The definitive version 1 assessment tool consists of two components: assessing the thickness of contextual data and assessing the richness of conceptual data. A sliding scale with four points is used to rate these aspects, offering nuanced and qualitative judgments. The accompanying guidance emphasizes the importance of assessing data that addresses the review question. Paragraph locked by Heather Melanie R Ames The paper provides guidance on how to apply the tool, emphasizing the importance of reaching a consensus among review authors, and fostering a shared understanding of what constitutes rich and thick data in the context of the review. The potential challenges related to the time and resource constraints of this additional review process are acknowledged. Version 1 of the data thickness/richness assessment tool represents a significant development in QES methodology, filling a critical gap in tools for evaluating the richness of conceptual data and the level of contextual detail in primary qualitative studies. It enhances the transparency and rigor of the sampling process and offers valuable insights for assessing the thickness and richness of data in primary qualitative studies that addresses the review requestion, objectives and context as specified in the review protocol. The authors invite feedback from the research community to further test, refine and improve this tool based on wider user experiences.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000974.45848193/v1
Alex Johannsson, Alex Johannsson, Lakshmi Sharma, Hossein Mossavi, Liam Murphy, Oliver Walsh, Elizabeth Foreman, Anika Patel, Dev Kumar
{"title":"Relationship between microRNA-9 and breast cancer","authors":"Alex Johannsson, Alex Johannsson, Lakshmi Sharma, Hossein Mossavi, Liam Murphy, Oliver Walsh, Elizabeth Foreman, Anika Patel, Dev Kumar","doi":"10.22541/au.170000974.45848193/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000974.45848193/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000957.70002255/v1
Jenna Kohles, Rachel A Page, Martin Wikelski, Dina Dechmann
Food distribution and availability fundamentally shape foraging. Yet spatiotemporal distribution of mobile prey and its proximate effects on animals have rarely been assessed. The neotropical bat, Noctilio albiventris, forages on aquatic swarming insects which peak just one to two hours after dusk. We matched seasonal insect distribution at high spatiotemporal resolution to the foraging behavior of adult female bats. Surprisingly, insect abundance was lower in the wet season, and insect patches dispersed more rapidly. Correspondingly, bats emerged 45% earlier, foraged over 40% longer, and flew almost twice as far compared to the dry season. Wet season bats also spent less time at each patch, suggesting that patches, though the same size, were less dense and depleted more rapidly. Our results highlight the tight link between foraging and sharp seasonal shifts in the spatial unpredictability and temporal ephemerality of resources, shedding light on behavioral adaptations and plasticity in response to resource fluctuation.
{"title":"Severe seasonal shifts in tropical insect ephemerality drive bat foraging effort","authors":"Jenna Kohles, Rachel A Page, Martin Wikelski, Dina Dechmann","doi":"10.22541/au.170000957.70002255/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000957.70002255/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Food distribution and availability fundamentally shape foraging. Yet spatiotemporal distribution of mobile prey and its proximate effects on animals have rarely been assessed. The neotropical bat, Noctilio albiventris, forages on aquatic swarming insects which peak just one to two hours after dusk. We matched seasonal insect distribution at high spatiotemporal resolution to the foraging behavior of adult female bats. Surprisingly, insect abundance was lower in the wet season, and insect patches dispersed more rapidly. Correspondingly, bats emerged 45% earlier, foraged over 40% longer, and flew almost twice as far compared to the dry season. Wet season bats also spent less time at each patch, suggesting that patches, though the same size, were less dense and depleted more rapidly. Our results highlight the tight link between foraging and sharp seasonal shifts in the spatial unpredictability and temporal ephemerality of resources, shedding light on behavioral adaptations and plasticity in response to resource fluctuation.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000968.89713066/v1
Stergios Pellis
{"title":"The equations of the Unified Physics","authors":"Stergios Pellis","doi":"10.22541/au.170000968.89713066/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000968.89713066/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.22541/au.170000972.23350658/v1
Julia Wisniewski, Agnieszka Kozlowski
{"title":"MiRNAs Play a Functional Role in the Development of In Situ Breast Carcinoma","authors":"Julia Wisniewski, Agnieszka Kozlowski","doi":"10.22541/au.170000972.23350658/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000972.23350658/v1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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