Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献_第5页

Use of the subcostal view for obtaining aortic spectral Doppler-derived outflow velocities in cats 使用肋下视图获得猫主动脉频谱多普勒衍生流出速度。

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.001

E. Korzybska, F. Edgerton, S.-A. Dickson, D. Shaw, Y.M. Pereira, M.I. Oliveira, G. Culshaw, R. Blake

Introduction/Objectives

In dogs and foals, spectral Doppler-derived aortic outflow velocities (AVs) obtained from the subcostal (SC) view provide higher values than the left parasternal apical five-chamber (LAp) view. In cats, use of the SC view for obtaining AV has not been reported. The aim of the study was to compare AV from SC and LAp views, assess the impact of patient and echocardiographic variables on the difference and confirm the feasibility of obtaining the SC view in cats. The authors hypothesised that the SC view would be well tolerated and provide higher AV.

Animals, Materials and Methods

This was a prospective, single-centre, observational study in cats referred for echocardiography. Standard echocardiographic studies were performed that included Lap-derived AV and, where feasible, those from the SC view. Patient compliance, ease of attainment and need for sedation were recorded. Aortic velocities obtained from both views were compared. The influences of patient and echocardiographic variables on the differences in AV were determined.

Results

Ninety-three cats were enrolled in the study. Eight cats were excluded due to incomplete data. The final analysis included 85 cats. Most cats (81%) tolerated the SC view. Subcostal AVs were greater than LAp velocities by 0.18 m/s (confidence interval ± 1.25 m/s; P<0.005). Sedation, heart rate, body condition score, bodyweight, aorto-septal angle and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) did not influence the differences between views.

Study Limitations

The study limitations included involvement of only a single-centre, subjective analysis of patients’ tolerance, non-standardised sedation protocol, probe frequency and size and a small number of cats included with moderate and severe LVOTO, other cardiac conditions, or receiving treatment.

Conclusions

Aortic velocities derived from the SC view were greater than those from the LAp view in cats. The SC view was well tolerated and may offer a more accurate assessment of LVOTO severity in some cats.

简介/目的：在狗和马驹中，肋下（SC）视图获得的频谱多普勒衍生主动脉流出速度（AVs）比左胸骨旁根尖五室（LAp）视图提供更高的值。在猫中，使用SC视图获取AV尚未见报道。本研究的目的是比较SC视图和LAp视图的AV，评估患者和超声心动图变量对差异的影响，并确认在猫中获得SC视图的可行性。作者假设SC视图耐受性良好，并提供更高的av。动物、材料和方法：这是一项前瞻性、单中心、观察性研究，在猫中进行超声心动图检查。进行标准超声心动图研究，包括膝源性房室和可行的SC视图。记录患者的依从性、达到的难易程度和镇静的需要。比较两种视图获得的主动脉流速。确定患者和超声心动图变量对房颤差异的影响。结果：93只猫被纳入研究。由于数据不完整，8只猫被排除在外。最后的分析包括85只猫。大多数猫（81%）容忍SC观点。肋下AVs比LAp速度大0.18 m/s（置信区间±1.25 m/s）； p研究局限性：研究局限包括仅涉及单中心、患者耐受性的主观分析、非标准化镇静方案、探针频率和大小，以及少量中度和重度LVOTO、其他心脏疾病或接受治疗的猫。结论：在猫中，SC视图得出的主动脉速度大于LAp视图。SC视图耐受性良好，可以更准确地评估某些猫的LVOTO严重程度。

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引用次数: 0

Congenital partial pericardial defect affecting the right ventricle in a dog 影响狗右心室的先天性部分心包缺损

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.009

K. Sugimoto , K. Sasaki , S. Yamamoto , M. Yonemaru , N. Shimada , K. Kutara , J. Hiroma

A 1.8-year-old, 7.7-kg male mixed-breed dog was examined before castration surgery. Thoracic radiographs showed a prominent bulging of the cardiac silhouette. Echocardiography revealed a partial absence of the bright pericardial signal in the right ventricular outflow tract. Fluoroscopy revealed a bulging pulsating sac anterior to the right ventricular outflow tract. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography, a balloon-shaped right ventricular lumen protruding in the cranial direction was seen on the cranial side of the right ventricle near the pulmonary infundibulum. Accordingly, right ventricular herniation due to a partial pericardial defect was diagnosed. This report describes cardiac computed tomography in dogs with right ventricular pericardial defects; our findings highlight the usefulness of fluoroscopic examination in diagnosing pericardial defects.

去势手术前对一只1.8岁，7.7公斤的雄性杂交犬进行了检查。胸片显示心脏轮廓明显隆起。超声心动图显示在右心室流出道部分缺少明亮的心包信号。透视显示右心室流出道前有一个鼓鼓的脉动囊。增强计算机断层扫描显示，右心室颅侧靠近肺漏斗处可见一球囊状右心室管腔向颅方向突出。因此，诊断为部分心包缺损所致的右心室疝。本报告描述了右心室心包缺损犬的心脏计算机断层扫描；我们的研究结果强调了透视检查在诊断心包缺损中的有用性。

引用次数: 0

Histological evidence of myxomatous tissue in a Labrador puppy with pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid valve dysplasia 粘液瘤组织的组织学证据在拉布拉多犬与肺动脉狭窄和三尖瓣发育不良

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.008

J. Schoebel , G. Wess , M. Tursi

A six-week-old Labrador retriever was presented for lethargy and anorexia, revealing a systolic heart murmur. Tricuspid valve dysplasia involving the whole tricuspid valve apparatus and the right ventricular wall was found, and an additional pulmonic stenosis was present. Histopathological examination of the tricuspid and pulmonary leaflets highlighted an unusual myxomatous mesenchymal component, interpreted as being of ontogenetic origin.

一只六周大的拉布拉多猎犬表现为嗜睡和厌食，显示收缩期心脏杂音。发现三尖瓣发育不良累及整个三尖瓣装置和右心室壁，并伴有肺动脉狭窄。三尖瓣和肺小叶的组织病理学检查突出了一种不寻常的黏液瘤间质成分，解释为个体起源。

引用次数: 0

Journal title page and editorial board 杂志标题页和编辑委员会

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00068-2

引用次数: 0

Cardiovascular images: parachute mitral valve in a cat 心血管图像：猫的降落伞二尖瓣

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.003

E. Nijveldt, A. Stavri, K. Schober

A six-month-old intact female domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for further evaluation of a heart murmur. On echocardiography, a large, left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect was identified. There was evidence of severe left heart volume overload, increased pulmonary artery flow and tricuspid regurgitation velocities, mild mitral regurgitation, and left-sided congestive heart failure. The presence of relative pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, and a mitral valve malformation were suspected, but further echocardiographic characterization was not attempted at the time due to the fractious nature of the cat. The cat presented a month later for pulmonary artery banding as palliative treatment for the ventricular septal defect. On subsequent recheck echocardiograms, four weeks and three months later, the presence of mitral valve dysplasia with a parachute mitral valve was observed.

一只6个月大的完整雌性家短毛猫被送到俄亥俄州立大学兽医中心进一步评估心脏杂音。在超声心动图上，一个大的，左至右分流室间隔缺损被确定。有证据表明严重的左心容量过载，肺动脉流量和三尖瓣反流速度增加，轻度二尖瓣反流和左侧充血性心力衰竭。怀疑存在相对肺动脉狭窄、肺动脉高压和二尖瓣畸形，但由于猫的脾气暴躁，当时没有尝试进一步的超声心动图特征。猫提出了一个月后肺动脉绑扎作为缓和治疗室间隔缺损。在随后复查超声心动图，4周和3个月后，观察到二尖瓣发育不良伴降落伞二尖瓣的存在。

引用次数: 0

Interobserver repeatability of interventricular septal wall measurements in cats 猫室间隔壁测量的观察者间可重复性

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.007

A. Pires , W. Sears , S. Raheb , S. Fonfara

Introduction

Clinically, echocardiography is the gold standard test for diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. Low interobserver variability for echocardiographic measurements has generally been reported in the literature. We hypothesized that interobserver variability is high when measuring the interventricular septum (IVS) thickness in cats.

Materials and Methods

Echocardiographic right-sided parasternal left ventricular (LV) outflow tract views from four cats with different LV morphologies were selected. Five measurements of the IVS in each picture were performed by 29 veterinary cardiologists and cardiology residents from different institutions. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied for data analysis.

Results

Interobserver repeatability was poor for the base of the IVS (partial ICC: 0.4) and moderate for the rest of the IVS (partial ICC: 0.6). A range of 0.7 mm between the lower and upper limits of measurements was found for each picture and region of the IVS. Around 27% of variance in measurements was associated with training location (country), whereas around 73% of the variance was attributable to the observer.

Study Limitations

Study limitations included the use of still pictures and assessment of one echocardiographic parameter only.

Conclusions

As hypothesized, the interobserver repeatability of IVS measurements using the right-sided parasternal LV outflow tract view in cats was poor to moderate. This finding is relevant when comparing and interpreting measurements obtained by different observers. Additionally, the influence of training location may need to be considered when interpreting results of variability studies involving observers from the same facility.

在临床上，超声心动图是诊断猫肥厚性心肌病的金标准试验。超声心动图测量的低观察者间可变性已在文献中普遍报道。我们假设在测量猫室间隔（IVS）厚度时，观察者之间的变异性很高。材料与方法选择4只不同左室形态猫的右胸骨旁左室流出道超声心动图。来自不同机构的29名兽医心脏病专家和心脏病学住院医师对每张图片中的IVS进行了5次测量。采用类内相关系数（ICC）进行数据分析。结果观察者间重复性较差的是IVS的基础（部分ICC: 0.4），中等的是IVS的其余部分（部分ICC: 0.6）。对于IVS的每个图像和区域，在测量的下限和上限之间存在0.7 mm的范围。测量结果中约27%的方差与训练地点（国家）有关，而约73%的方差可归因于观察者。研究局限研究局限包括使用静止图像和仅评估一个超声心动图参数。结论如假设的那样，在猫中使用右侧胸骨旁左室流出道观察IVS测量的观察者之间的可重复性较差至中等。当比较和解释由不同观察者获得的测量结果时，这一发现是相关的。此外，在解释涉及同一设施观察员的变异性研究结果时，可能需要考虑培训地点的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Veterinary echocardiographers’ preferences for image selection, timing, and caliper placement for left atrial two-dimensional size assessment in dogs: the BENEFIT project 兽医超声心动图医师对狗左心房二维尺寸评估的图像选择、时间和卡尺放置的偏好：BENEFIT项目

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.006

M.Y.-W. Kuo , M. Dirven , J. Häggström , S.G. Gordon , K. Höglund , E. Côté , T.-L. Lu , M. Rishniw , Y.-W. Hung , I. Ljungvall

Introduction/Objectives

This study aimed to investigate veterinary echocardiographers’ preferences for assessing left atrial (LA) size in dogs using linear two-dimensional echocardiography, focusing on image selection, timing, caliper placement, and thresholds used for LA enlargement. A secondary aim was to explore the impact of experience and training on echocardiographers' linear two-dimensional measurements of LA size in dogs.

Animals, Materials and Methods

A global online study was conducted, asking veterinary echocardiographers to measure LA size using static echocardiographic images.

Results

A total of 533 echocardiographers (63% non-specialists and 37% specialists, of which 43% were cardiology board certified) completed the study. Most echocardiographers (86%, n = 459/533) used a right parasternal short-axis (RPSAX) view for LA and aortic (Ao) measurements. Of these, 57% (n = 261/459) favored the same image angulation for performing measurements and 76% (n = 351/459) timed measurements at end-systole/early-diastole. Caliper placement near pulmonary venous inlets impacted their LA dimension measurements the most. Thirty-nine percent (n = 207/533) used right parasternal long-axis (RPLAX) views. The upper limit for LA enlargement varied across all commonly used methods. Training and experience level influenced interobserver variation for LA dimension measurements obtained from a RPLAX four-chamber view, but not from a RPSAX view.

Study Limitations

Static images may not reflect real-time clinical settings or allow precise identification of anatomical structures.

Conclusions

The RPSAX view was most favored for LA size assessment in dogs, but variations existed in image selection, timing, caliper placement, and threshold used for LA enlargement. Training and experience level influenced interobserver variation in LA dimension measurements obtained from a RPLAX four-chamber view.

本研究旨在探讨兽医超声心动图医师使用线性二维超声心动图评估犬左房（LA）大小的偏好，重点关注左房放大的图像选择、时间、卡尺放置和阈值。第二个目的是探索经验和训练对超声心动图师对狗的LA大小的线性二维测量的影响。动物、材料和方法进行了一项全球在线研究，要求兽医超声心动图医师使用静态超声心动图图像测量LA大小。结果共有533名超声心动图医师（非专科医师63%，专科医师37%，其中43%获得心脏病学委员会认证）完成研究。大多数超声心动图医师（86%,n = 459/533）使用右胸骨旁短轴（RPSAX）视图测量LA和主动脉（Ao）。其中，57% （n = 261/459）倾向于采用相同的成像角度进行测量，76% （n = 351/459）倾向于在收缩期末/舒张期早期进行定时测量。卡尺放置在肺静脉入口附近对其LA尺寸测量影响最大。39% （n = 207/533）使用右胸骨旁长轴（RPLAX）视图。在所有常用的方法中，LA放大的上限各不相同。训练和经验水平影响从RPLAX四室视图中获得的LA维度测量的观察者间差异，但从RPSAX视图中没有。研究局限性静态图像可能不能反映实时临床环境或允许精确识别解剖结构。结论RPSAX视图最适合犬的LA大小评估，但在图像选择、时间、卡尺放置和LA放大阈值方面存在差异。训练和经验水平影响从RPLAX四室视图获得的LA维度测量的观察者间差异。

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引用次数: 0

Time to refractory congestive heart failure in cats presenting with pleural effusion vs. pulmonary edema 出现胸腔积液和肺水肿的猫的难治性充血性心力衰竭的时间

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.005

K.M. Buchanan, R.C. Fries, S. Kadotani

Introduction/Objectives

Cats with left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF) usually present with pleural effusion and/or pulmonary edema. We compared time to refractory CHF and survival time between pleural effusion and pulmonary edema in cats with various cardiomyopathies.

Animals, Material and Methods

A total of 125 cats with CHF presenting as predominantly pleural effusion (n = 73) or pulmonary edema (n = 52) were included in this study. Medical records of cats presenting with CHF between 2013 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Refractory CHF was defined as one requiring greater than 6 mg/kg/day of furosemide or introduction of torsemide. Signalment, underlying cardiomyopathy, the presence of pleural effusion or pulmonary edema, echocardiographic measurements at the time of CHF diagnosis, medications, comorbidities, time to refractory CHF, and survival time were recorded.

Results

The median survival time was significantly shorter (P=0.0002) for cats with pleural effusion (155 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11–199 days) than for those with pulmonary edema (234 days; 95% CI: 177–509 days). Median time to refractory CHF was significantly shorter (P=0.0003) for cats with pleural effusion (44 days; 95 % CI: 32–67 days) than for those with pulmonary edema (133 days; 95% CI: 90–233 days). Pleural effusion significantly influenced time to refractory CHF (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.16–4.62; P=0.022) and median survival time (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06–3.40; P=0.029) in the multivariable models.

Study Limitations

The limitations of this study were therapeutic recommendations not standardized and quantification of pleural effusion and fluid analysis not available for all cats.

Conclusions

In this study sample, cats with pleural effusion have a reduced time to refractory CHF and survival times compared to cats with pulmonary edema.

简介/目的左侧充血性心力衰竭（CHF）的猫通常表现为胸腔积液和/或肺水肿。我们比较了患有各种心肌病的猫发生难治性CHF的时间和胸腔积液和肺水肿之间的生存时间。动物、材料和方法本研究共纳入125只CHF猫，主要表现为胸腔积液（n = 73）或肺水肿（n = 52）。回顾性评估2013年至2022年期间出现CHF的猫的医疗记录。难治性CHF被定义为需要大于6mg /kg/天的呋塞米或引入托尔塞米。记录信号、潜在的心肌病、胸膜积液或肺水肿的存在、CHF诊断时的超声心动图测量、药物、合并症、难治性CHF的时间和生存时间。结果胸腔积液组的中位生存时间（155天，95%可信区间[CI]: 11-199天）明显短于肺水肿组（234天，95% CI: 177-509天），P=0.0002。胸腔积液猫发生难治性CHF的中位时间（44天，95% CI: 32-67天）明显短于肺水肿猫（133天，95% CI: 90-233天）。在多变量模型中，胸腔积液显著影响难治性CHF的发生时间（风险比[HR]: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.16-4.62； P=0.022）和中位生存时间（HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06-3.40； P=0.029）。研究局限性本研究的局限性是治疗建议没有标准化，胸膜积液和液体分析的量化不能用于所有的猫。结论在本研究样本中，与肺水肿的猫相比，胸腔积液的猫发生难治性CHF的时间和生存时间都缩短了。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical utility of pharmacological defibrillation using cardioplegic solution during canine mitral valve repair 心脏截瘫液在犬二尖瓣修复术中除颤的临床应用

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.002

K. Kurogochi , Y. Nii , A. Chen , M. Uechi

Introduction/Objectives

Reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (VF) commonly occurs during open-heart surgery in dogs and humans. Pharmacological defibrillation using cardioplegia is a potential option; however, the standard technique remains unclear in dogs. We examined the clinical utility of pharmacological defibrillation in canine mitral valve repair.

Animals, Materials, and Methods

We retrospectively investigated 402 client-owned dogs that underwent mitral valve repair between January and December 2021.

Results

Ventricular fibrillation after cross-clamp release occurred in 70 of 397 cases (17.6%). Pharmacological defibrillation was attempted in 69 patients by administering 40 mEq/L potassium crystalloid cardioplegia via an aortic root catheter. If defibrillation was not achieved or VF recurred, the administration was repeated identically. In all cases, VF resolved after pharmacological defibrillation alone, without electrical defibrillation. Defibrillation was achieved with a single dose in 45 cases (median, 3.90 mL/kg; interquartile range [IQR], 2.95–4.95]), while multiple doses (range: 2–5) were necessary for 24 cases (median initial dose, 3.05 mL/kg [IQR, 2.07–4.14]). Predictors of reperfusion VF included body temperature at cross-clamp release (risk ratio, 0.82 per 1.0 °C) and pre-operative left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole normalized to body weight (risk ratio, 1.11 per 0.1 unit).

Study Limitations

The retrospective nature of the study led to variability in personnel, absence of a control group, and limited data availability.

Conclusions

Reperfusion VF occurred in 17.6% of the canine mitral valve repair cases. Pharmacological defibrillation is a feasible option in such cases. Approximately 4.0 mL/kg of cardioplegia was effective for a single dose, whereas lower doses required multiple administrations.

再灌注性心室颤动（VF）常见于狗和人的心内直视手术中。使用心脏截截术进行药物除颤是一种潜在的选择；然而，在狗身上的标准技术仍不清楚。我们检查了药物除颤在犬二尖瓣修复中的临床应用。动物、材料和方法我们回顾性调查了402只客户拥有的狗，这些狗在2021年1月至12月期间接受了二尖瓣修复。结果397例患者中有70例（17.6%）发生交叉夹松解后心室颤动。69例患者通过主动脉根部导管给予40 mEq/L钾晶体心脏骤停，尝试药理学除颤。如果没有实现除颤或室颤复发，则重复给药。在所有病例中，VF均在药物除颤而非电除颤后消失。45例患者单次给药（中位数，3.90 mL/kg；四分位数范围[IQR]， 2.95-4.95]）， 24例患者需要多次给药（范围：2-5）（中位数初始剂量，3.05 mL/kg [IQR, 2.07-4.14]）。再灌注VF的预测因子包括交叉钳释放时的体温（风险比，0.82 / 1.0°C）和术前舒张末期左心室内径与体重归一化（风险比，1.11 / 0.1单位）。研究局限性：本研究为回顾性研究，研究人员存在差异，缺乏对照组，数据可用性有限。结论17.6%的犬二尖瓣修复病例发生再灌注VF。在这种情况下，药物除颤是一种可行的选择。约4.0 mL/kg的心脏截止剂单次给药有效，而低剂量则需要多次给药。

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引用次数: 0

Complete transposition of the great arteries with a patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, and juxta-arterial ventricular septal defect in a cat 猫大动脉完全转位伴动脉导管未闭，房间隔缺损和动脉旁室间隔缺损

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.004

J.C. Liu, J. Allen, K. Phipps, K. Barrett

An 11-week-old male intact Siamese cat was presented for evaluation of a grade V/VI parasternal systolic murmur. Echocardiography revealed multiple congenital cardiac abnormalities, including parallel orientation of the aorta and main pulmonary artery, a patent ductus arteriosus, and a juxta-arterial ventricular septal defect. Cardiac remodeling secondary to these congenital defects was also noted. The patient was clinically stable at the time of presentation, but the owner ultimately elected for humane euthanasia before the onset of cardiac decompensation. Postmortem necropsy was performed to confirm the congenital deformities identified on echocardiography. An ostium secundum atrial septal defect that was not originally detected on echocardiography was discovered at this time. The cat was diagnosed with a complete transposition of the great arteries and concurrent congenital defects that allowed for mixing of the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems. This case report describes a congenital defect that is infrequently reported in veterinary medicine, as well as the utility of antemortem echocardiography and gross necropsy findings to characterize this deformity.

一只11周大的雄性完整暹罗猫被提出评估V/VI级胸骨旁收缩期杂音。超声心动图显示多发性先天性心脏异常，包括主动脉和肺动脉平行定向，动脉导管未闭，动脉旁室间隔缺损。继发于这些先天性缺陷的心脏重塑也被注意到。患者在临床表现稳定，但主人最终在心脏失代偿发作前选择了人道安乐死。尸检证实了超声心动图上发现的先天性畸形。在超声心动图上未发现的第二口房间隔缺损此时被发现。猫被诊断为大动脉完全转位和并发的先天性缺陷，允许肺和体循环系统混合。本病例报告描述了一个在兽医医学中很少报道的先天性缺陷，以及利用死前超声心动图和大体尸检结果来描述这种畸形。

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引用次数: 0