Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.10.007
S. Kawamoto , K. Nakamura , T. Mori , T. Wada , A. Fujiwara , M. Takiguchi
Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine alterations in left atrial size, function, and determinants of left atrial reverse remodelling (LARR) after mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.
Animals
Thirty-seven dogs undergoing MVP were included in this study.
Materials and Methods
Echocardiographic parameters, including left atrial (LA) strain, were evaluated at baseline, during the early postoperative period (within two weeks), and at one and three months postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups based on the attainment of LARR, defined as a left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA:Ao) < 1.6 at three months. The predictors of LARR were analysed using univariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
Left atrial-to-aortic root ratio significantly decreased in the early postoperative period (median: 1.68; lower and upper quartiles: 1.54–1.92) compared to that in baseline (2.41; 2.00–2.80), with a further significant reduction observed at three months (1.46; 1.34–1.63). Left atrial reverse remodelling was achieved in 27 (73%) patients. Baseline left atrial-to-aortic root ratio was higher, and peak atrial longitudinal strain and peak atrial contraction strain (PACS) were lower in the non-LARR group than in the LARR group. Among the baseline parameters, PACS was the strongest predictor of LARR (area under the curve: 0.837).
Conclusions
Following MVP, the LA size decreased in the early postoperative period and continued to decrease over three months of follow-up. A low PACS score was the most reliable predictor of inadequate LARR. Further studies are necessary to determine the relationship between LARR, prognosis, and the optimal timing for surgical intervention.
{"title":"Pre-operative left atrial size and functions are predictors of left atrial reverse remodelling after mitral valvuloplasty for myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","authors":"S. Kawamoto , K. Nakamura , T. Mori , T. Wada , A. Fujiwara , M. Takiguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objective of this study was to determine alterations in left atrial size, function, and determinants of left atrial reverse remodelling (LARR) after mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Thirty-seven dogs undergoing MVP were included in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Echocardiographic parameters, including left atrial (LA) strain, were evaluated at baseline, during the early postoperative period (within two weeks), and at one and three months postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups based on the attainment of LARR, defined as a left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA:Ao) < 1.6 at three months. The predictors of LARR were analysed using univariate logistic regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Left atrial-to-aortic root ratio significantly decreased in the early postoperative period (median: 1.68; lower and upper quartiles: 1.54–1.92) compared to that in baseline (2.41; 2.00–2.80), with a further significant reduction observed at three months (1.46; 1.34–1.63). Left atrial reverse remodelling was achieved in 27 (73%) patients. Baseline left atrial-to-aortic root ratio was higher, and peak atrial longitudinal strain and peak atrial contraction strain (PACS) were lower in the non-LARR group than in the LARR group. Among the baseline parameters, PACS was the strongest predictor of LARR (area under the curve: 0.837).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Following MVP, the LA size decreased in the early postoperative period and continued to decrease over three months of follow-up. A low PACS score was the most reliable predictor of inadequate LARR. Further studies are necessary to determine the relationship between LARR, prognosis, and the optimal timing for surgical intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.007
A.N. Harris , C. Hanner, A. Cooper, R.A. Castro, D.B. Adin
Introduction/objectives
Non-osmotic antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release promotes electrolyte-free water retention in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), contributing to low electrolyte concentrations. We hypothesized that dogs with CHF would have higher ADH concentrations than healthy dogs and dogs with preclinical heart disease, and that ADH concentrations would positively correlate to the amount of chloride [Cl−] correction but not serum osmolality.
Animals, Materials and Methods
The study population comprised 20 healthy, 20 preclinical, and 20 CHF dogs. Serum electrolytes, serum osmolality, and plasma ADH were measured and compared between groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Relationships between ADH and electrolytes, the amount of [Cl−] correction, osmolality, and the use of amlodipine and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors were explored with multiple linear regression.
Results
Preclinical (median 6.5 pg/mL; range 1.8 pg/mL–33.8 pg/mL) and CHF (6.7 pg/mL; range 2.0 pg/mL–28.1 pg/mL) dogs had higher ADH concentrations than healthy dogs (median 3.4 pg/mL; range 0.1 pg/mL–6.2 pg/mL) (P=0.004) but there was no difference between preclinical and CHF dogs. Serum ADH was inversely correlated with [Cl−] (P=0.026, rs = −0.287) and c[Cl−] (P=0.008, rs = −0.338). Amlodipine use and [Cl−] predicted ADH after controlling for age, weight, use of renin-angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors, and osmolality. There was no significant relationship between ADH and the amount of [Cl−] correction, osmolality, or serum sodium.
Discussion
The inverse relationship between ADH and serum [Cl−] and the positive relationship with amlodipine use suggests neurohormonal stimulation as a common mechanism.
Uncoupling of ADH from osmolality and serum sodium is consistent with non-osmotic release, which was present even in dogs with preclinical heart disease.
Conclusions
Antidiuretic hormone was elevated in dogs with heart disease but was not a unique feature of advanced heart disease.
{"title":"Antidiuretic hormone concentrations in dogs with heart disease and relationship to serum chloride","authors":"A.N. Harris , C. Hanner, A. Cooper, R.A. Castro, D.B. Adin","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><div>Non-osmotic antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release promotes electrolyte-free water retention in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), contributing to low electrolyte concentrations. We hypothesized that dogs with CHF would have higher ADH concentrations than healthy dogs and dogs with preclinical heart disease, and that ADH concentrations would positively correlate to the amount of chloride [Cl<sup>−</sup>] correction but not serum osmolality.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>The study population comprised 20 healthy, 20 preclinical, and 20 CHF dogs. Serum electrolytes, serum osmolality, and plasma ADH were measured and compared between groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Relationships between ADH and electrolytes, the amount of [Cl<sup>−</sup>] correction, osmolality, and the use of amlodipine and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors were explored with multiple linear regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Preclinical (median 6.5 pg/mL; range 1.8 pg/mL–33.8 pg/mL) and CHF (6.7 pg/mL; range 2.0 pg/mL–28.1 pg/mL) dogs had higher ADH concentrations than healthy dogs (median 3.4 pg/mL; range 0.1 pg/mL–6.2 pg/mL) (P=0.004) but there was no difference between preclinical and CHF dogs. Serum ADH was inversely correlated with [Cl<sup>−</sup>] (P=0.026, r<sub>s</sub> = −0.287) and c[Cl<sup>−</sup>] (P=0.008, r<sub>s</sub> = −0.338). Amlodipine use and [Cl<sup>−</sup>] predicted ADH after controlling for age, weight, use of renin-angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors, and osmolality. There was no significant relationship between ADH and the amount of [Cl<sup>−</sup>] correction, osmolality, or serum sodium.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The inverse relationship between ADH and serum [Cl<sup>−</sup>] and the positive relationship with amlodipine use suggests neurohormonal stimulation as a common mechanism.</div><div>Uncoupling of ADH from osmolality and serum sodium is consistent with non-osmotic release, which was present even in dogs with preclinical heart disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Antidiuretic hormone was elevated in dogs with heart disease but was not a unique feature of advanced heart disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.005
O. Peterson, M. Pabon Torres, R. White, E. Manson, M. Tropf, J.L. Ward
Double-inlet left ventricle (DILV) is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality that is a subtype of univentricular congenital disease. This defect has been reported in people and large animals but has not been previously described in a small animal. Here, we report a one-year-old cat diagnosed with DILV accompanied by a hypoplastic right ventricle and ventricular septal defect. Complete echocardiography, fluoroscopy with non-selective angiography, and computed tomography with angiography were used to document and characterize this rare case presentation. Findings in this patient showed similarities to previously documented cases of DILV in a calf and foal and were most consistent with type I Holmes classification of DILV in people.
{"title":"Multimodal imaging of congenital double-inlet left ventricle with hypoplastic right ventricle and ventricular septal defect in a young cat","authors":"O. Peterson, M. Pabon Torres, R. White, E. Manson, M. Tropf, J.L. Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Double-inlet left ventricle (DILV) is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality that is a subtype of univentricular congenital disease. This defect has been reported in people and large animals but has not been previously described in a small animal. Here, we report a one-year-old cat diagnosed with DILV accompanied by a hypoplastic right ventricle and ventricular septal defect. Complete echocardiography, fluoroscopy with non-selective angiography, and computed tomography with angiography were used to document and characterize this rare case presentation. Findings in this patient showed similarities to previously documented cases of DILV in a calf and foal and were most consistent with type I Holmes classification of DILV in people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.006
L. Korenchy , G. Leeming , R. James
A two-year-old female neutered wirehaired Dachshund presented with a four-week history of progressive intermittent pelvic limb weakness, pain and collapse episodes. Serum biochemistry revealed moderate hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Electrolytes and haematology were unremarkable. Thyroid and adrenal testing were unremarkable. Initial treatment for suspected spinal disease did not alleviate symptoms. The possibility of cardiac collapse was considered, a 24-h Holter monitor was placed, and additional blood was obtained to assess serum troponin I levels. Further cardiac investigations were declined.
While wearing the Holter monitor, the dog collapsed and experienced cardiac arrest, resulting in unsuccessful resuscitation attempts and death. The analysed Holter recording showed bradycardia-induced cardiac arrest, atrioventricular-block, and ST segment depression, suggestive of myocardial infarction or coronary spasm. A postmortem examination showed severe generalised atherosclerosis of the coronary, renal segmental, intervertebral, aorta, carotid, meningeal, and internal thoracic arteries. Severe multifocal myocardial fibrosis and necrosis was noted around the coronary arteries and papillary muscle. As the patient was very young and no other underlying cause was identified, primary hyperlipidaemia (hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia) was deemed the most likely cause of the severe arteriosclerotic changes leading to sudden cardiac death.
{"title":"Sudden cardiac death associated with severe atherosclerosis in a young dog","authors":"L. Korenchy , G. Leeming , R. James","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-year-old female neutered wirehaired Dachshund presented with a four-week history of progressive intermittent pelvic limb weakness, pain and collapse episodes. Serum biochemistry revealed moderate hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Electrolytes and haematology were unremarkable. Thyroid and adrenal testing were unremarkable. Initial treatment for suspected spinal disease did not alleviate symptoms. The possibility of cardiac collapse was considered, a 24-h Holter monitor was placed, and additional blood was obtained to assess serum troponin I levels. Further cardiac investigations were declined.</div><div>While wearing the Holter monitor, the dog collapsed and experienced cardiac arrest, resulting in unsuccessful resuscitation attempts and death. The analysed Holter recording showed bradycardia-induced cardiac arrest, atrioventricular-block, and ST segment depression, suggestive of myocardial infarction or coronary spasm. A postmortem examination showed severe generalised atherosclerosis of the coronary, renal segmental, intervertebral, aorta, carotid, meningeal, and internal thoracic arteries. Severe multifocal myocardial fibrosis and necrosis was noted around the coronary arteries and papillary muscle. As the patient was very young and no other underlying cause was identified, primary hyperlipidaemia (hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia) was deemed the most likely cause of the severe arteriosclerotic changes leading to sudden cardiac death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.004
A. Dufourni, M. Demeyere, L. Vera, G. van Loon, A. Decloedt
Objectives
This study aimed to compare two-dimensional, M-mode, color, pulsed wave Doppler (PWD) and continuous wave Doppler (CWD) echocardiography, and PWD ultrasonography of the caudal common carotid artery (CCA) in horses with aortic regurgitation (AR).
Animals
Warmblood horses without (n = 20) and with mild, moderate, and severe AR (n = 60) were included in the study.
Materials and methods
A retrospective descriptive study focused on cardiac dimensions, aortic and CCA Doppler flow. Non-invasive blood pressure and presence of ventricular arrhythmia were recorded. Groups were compared using analysis of variance, chi-square, Spearman's rho, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results
Maximal aortic antegrade flow velocity was higher in horses with moderate and severe AR than in normal horses and higher in those with severe AR than in those with mild AR (P < 0.001). Mean (standard deviation) antegrade CCA flow velocities (m/s) were 0.9 (0.3) in normal horses and 1.0 (0.2), 1.2 (0.3), and 1.5 (0.4) in horses with mild, moderate, and severe AR, respectively. Retrograde mid-to-end diastolic pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery (PWD-CCA) flow occurred in horses with moderate (6/20) and severe (13/20) AR. The presence of pathologic retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with presence of increased left ventricular dimensions and pulse pressures >60 mmHg. The CWD regurgitant jet pressure half-time failed to differentiate between AR severity grades.
Study Limitations
The limitations of this study included retrospective design with missing values, AR classification system not validated by longitudinal follow-up, and CCA retrograde velocities <10 cm/s not measured.
Conclusions
Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery identifies moderate and severe AR in horses with hemodynamic overload. Presence of retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with moderate and severe AR and with left ventricular dilation. Quantification of CWD pressure half-time appeared unreliable for AR severity assessment.
{"title":"Spectral Doppler of aortic and carotid blood flow in horses with aortic valve regurgitation","authors":"A. Dufourni, M. Demeyere, L. Vera, G. van Loon, A. Decloedt","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to compare two-dimensional, M-mode, color, pulsed wave Doppler (PWD) and continuous wave Doppler (CWD) echocardiography, and PWD ultrasonography of the caudal common carotid artery (CCA) in horses with aortic regurgitation (AR).</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>Warmblood horses without (n = 20) and with mild, moderate, and severe AR (n = 60) were included in the study.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective descriptive study focused on cardiac dimensions, aortic and CCA Doppler flow. Non-invasive blood pressure and presence of ventricular arrhythmia were recorded. Groups were compared using analysis of variance, chi-square, Spearman's rho, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maximal aortic antegrade flow velocity was higher in horses with moderate and severe AR than in normal horses and higher in those with severe AR than in those with mild AR (P < 0.001). Mean (standard deviation) antegrade CCA flow velocities (m/s) were 0.9 (0.3) in normal horses and 1.0 (0.2), 1.2 (0.3), and 1.5 (0.4) in horses with mild, moderate, and severe AR, respectively. Retrograde mid-to-end diastolic pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery (PWD-CCA) flow occurred in horses with moderate (6/20) and severe (13/20) AR. The presence of pathologic retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with presence of increased left ventricular dimensions and pulse pressures >60 mmHg. The CWD regurgitant jet pressure half-time failed to differentiate between AR severity grades.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The limitations of this study included retrospective design with missing values, AR classification system not validated by longitudinal follow-up, and CCA retrograde velocities <10 cm/s not measured.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery identifies moderate and severe AR in horses with hemodynamic overload. Presence of retrograde PWD-CCA flow was associated with moderate and severe AR and with left ventricular dilation. Quantification of CWD pressure half-time appeared unreliable for AR severity assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 55-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.003
G. Romito , L. Marconato , M.E. Turba , M. Morini
An 11-year-old cocker spaniel was referred with a one-day history of lethargy. Upon presentation, cardiac auscultation revealed a tachyarrhythmia. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with concurrent electrocardiographic tracing showed biventricular systolic dysfunction, mild left atrial dilation, functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitations, and sustained wide-complex monomorphic tachycardia (heart rate: 330 beats per minute), primarily consistent with ventricular tachycardia. Laboratory test results were unremarkable, except for an elevated serum concentration of cardiac troponin I (2.84 ng/mL). Initially, despite the intravenous administration of lidocaine and esmolol, cardioversion was not achieved. Oral amiodarone was subsequently added to the antiarrhythmic protocol, resulting in the restoration of sinus rhythm, followed by an improvement in the dog's clinical condition and biventricular systolic function on repeated echocardiographic examination. Accordingly, the dog was discharged from the hospital on amiodarone therapy. However, four days later, the dog returned with a relapse of symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. Despite prompt management, the dog succumbed to the progression of ventricular tachycardia into ventricular fibrillation. Interestingly, although repeated echocardiographic examinations did not reveal abnormalities suggesting a cardiac tumor, macroscopic and histological findings led to the diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma of T-cell origin. This case contributes to the currently limited scientific literature on primary cardiac lymphoma in dogs. Moreover, it contributes to raising awareness among veterinary cardiologists about the potential limitations of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in detecting cardiac lymphoma in dogs, as well as the possible arrhythmogenic role of this rare condition in the species.
{"title":"Ventricular tachycardia as the main manifestation of primary cardiac lymphoma in a dog","authors":"G. Romito , L. Marconato , M.E. Turba , M. Morini","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An 11-year-old cocker spaniel was referred with a one-day history of lethargy. Upon presentation, cardiac auscultation revealed a tachyarrhythmia. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with concurrent electrocardiographic tracing showed biventricular systolic dysfunction, mild left atrial dilation, functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitations, and sustained wide-complex monomorphic tachycardia (heart rate: 330 beats per minute), primarily consistent with ventricular tachycardia. Laboratory test results were unremarkable, except for an elevated serum concentration of cardiac troponin I (2.84 ng/mL). Initially, despite the intravenous administration of lidocaine and esmolol, cardioversion was not achieved. Oral amiodarone was subsequently added to the antiarrhythmic protocol, resulting in the restoration of sinus rhythm, followed by an improvement in the dog's clinical condition and biventricular systolic function on repeated echocardiographic examination. Accordingly, the dog was discharged from the hospital on amiodarone therapy. However, four days later, the dog returned with a relapse of symptomatic ventricular tachycardia. Despite prompt management, the dog succumbed to the progression of ventricular tachycardia into ventricular fibrillation. Interestingly, although repeated echocardiographic examinations did not reveal abnormalities suggesting a cardiac tumor, macroscopic and histological findings led to the diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma of T-cell origin. This case contributes to the currently limited scientific literature on primary cardiac lymphoma in dogs. Moreover, it contributes to raising awareness among veterinary cardiologists about the potential limitations of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in detecting cardiac lymphoma in dogs, as well as the possible arrhythmogenic role of this rare condition in the species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.002
B. Del Nero, B.M. Potter, L.C. Visser, B.A. Scansen, E.C. Orton
Introduction/objectives
Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity has become increasingly important as procedural therapies for MR reduction become available. This study aimed to obtain quantitative measures of MR severity across stages of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) and evaluate agreement between two echocardiographic methods.
Animals, materials and methods
Fifty-one client-owned dogs were included across three DMVD stages (ACVIM B1, B2, and C). Regurgitant volume (RVol) and fraction (RF) were measured on echocardiograms prospectively acquired by a single cardiologist using volumetric (using Simpson's method of discs) and proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) methods. Results were compared across stages. Agreement between methods over the range of MR severity was determined by Bland–Altman analyses. Intra- and inter-observer measurement variability assessments were performed via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).
Results
Median differences (25th percentile, 75th percentile) for volumetric and PISA-derived RVol and RF were as follows, respectively: B1:0.19 mL/kg (−0.02 mL/kg, 0.25 mL/kg), 13.6% (−2.17%, 20.6%); B2:1.49 mL/kg (1.09 mL/kg, 2.12 mL/kg), 55.6% (45.0%, 70.5%); C:2.72 mL/kg (1.76 mL/kg, 3.13 mL/kg), 67.2% (61.8%, 78.5%); B1:0.39 mL/kg (0.22 mL/kg, 0.69 mL/kg), 34.3% (19.0%, 56.1%); B2:1.67 mL/kg (1.33 mL/kg, 2.15 mL/kg), 58.8% (49.8%, 73.9%); C:3.1 mL/kg (1.91 mL/kg, 3.57 mL/kg), 75.2% (66.4%, 92.0%). All were different (P<0.0001) across stages. There was no proportional bias for RVol or RF (P=0.79, P=54). Intra- and inter-observer variability assessments showed ICC greater than 0.75 except PISA RF.
Conclusions
Measures of MR severity correlate with disease stage, although their accuracy remains unknown. Volumetric and PISA methods are not interchangeable.
随着二尖瓣返流（MR）降低的程序性治疗的出现，对其严重程度的定量评估变得越来越重要。本研究旨在获得退行性二尖瓣疾病（DMVD）各阶段MR严重程度的定量测量，并评估两种超声心动图方法之间的一致性。动物、材料和方法51只客户拥有的狗分为三个DMVD阶段（ACVIM B1、B2和C）。在超声心动图上测量反流体积（RVol）和分数（RF），这些超声心动图是由一名心脏病专家使用容积法（使用辛普森圆盘法）和近端等速度表面积（PISA）方法前瞻性地获得的。各阶段的结果比较。通过Bland-Altman分析确定了不同方法在MR严重程度范围内的一致性。通过类内相关系数（ICC）对观察者内部和观察者之间的测量变异性进行评估。结果容积法和pisa法RVol和RF的中位数差异（25百分位数，75百分位数）分别为：B1:0.19 mL/kg (- 0.02 mL/kg, 0.25 mL/kg), 13.6% (- 2.17%, 20.6%)；B2:1.49 mL / kg(1.09毫升/公斤,2.12毫升/公斤),55.6% (45.0%,70.5%);C: 2.72毫升/公斤(1.76毫升/公斤,3.13毫升/公斤),67.2% (61.8%,78.5%);B1:0.39 mL / kg(0.22毫升/公斤,0.69毫升/公斤),34.3% (19.0%,56.1%);B2:1.67 mL / kg(1.33毫升/公斤,2.15毫升/公斤),58.8% (49.8%,73.9%);C: 3.1毫升/公斤(1.91毫升/公斤,3.57毫升/公斤),75.2%(66.4%,92.0%)。各个阶段的结果都不同（P<0.0001）。RVol和RF均无比例偏倚（P=0.79， P=54）。观察者内部和观察者之间的变异性评估显示，除PISA RF外，ICC大于0.75。结论MR严重程度的测量与疾病分期相关，尽管其准确性尚不清楚。容积法和PISA方法是不可互换的。
{"title":"Quantitative methods for evaluation of mitral regurgitation severity in canine degenerative mitral valve disease","authors":"B. Del Nero, B.M. Potter, L.C. Visser, B.A. Scansen, E.C. Orton","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><div>Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity has become increasingly important as procedural therapies for MR reduction become available. This study aimed to obtain quantitative measures of MR severity across stages of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) and evaluate agreement between two echocardiographic methods.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, materials and methods</h3><div>Fifty-one client-owned dogs were included across three DMVD stages (ACVIM B1, B2, and C). Regurgitant volume (RVol) and fraction (RF) were measured on echocardiograms prospectively acquired by a single cardiologist using volumetric (using Simpson's method of discs) and proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) methods. Results were compared across stages. Agreement between methods over the range of MR severity was determined by Bland–Altman analyses. Intra- and inter-observer measurement variability assessments were performed via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median differences (25th percentile, 75th percentile) for volumetric and PISA-derived RVol and RF were as follows, respectively: B1:0.19 mL/kg (−0.02 mL/kg, 0.25 mL/kg), 13.6% (−2.17%, 20.6%); B2:1.49 mL/kg (1.09 mL/kg, 2.12 mL/kg), 55.6% (45.0%, 70.5%); C:2.72 mL/kg (1.76 mL/kg, 3.13 mL/kg), 67.2% (61.8%, 78.5%); B1:0.39 mL/kg (0.22 mL/kg, 0.69 mL/kg), 34.3% (19.0%, 56.1%); B2:1.67 mL/kg (1.33 mL/kg, 2.15 mL/kg), 58.8% (49.8%, 73.9%); C:3.1 mL/kg (1.91 mL/kg, 3.57 mL/kg), 75.2% (66.4%, 92.0%). All were different (P<0.0001) across stages. There was no proportional bias for RVol or RF (P=0.79, P=54). Intra- and inter-observer variability assessments showed ICC greater than 0.75 except PISA RF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Measures of MR severity correlate with disease stage, although their accuracy remains unknown. Volumetric and PISA methods are not interchangeable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.001
L.E. Markovic , B.A. Scansen , G. Hiremath , H.B. Kellihan , S.S. Tjostheim , C. Calkins , K.M. Hodges , E. Cahill , B. Tainter , M. Carter , D.W. Kim
Introduction/objectives
Transcatheter therapeutics have revolutionized treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis (PS). Further understanding of PS intervention may help improve outcomes for different species. This study describes characteristics and immediate outcomes in children and dogs undergoing balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) or transpulmonary stent implantation for congenital PS.
Animals, materials, and methods
Multicenter, retrospective review from 2 pediatric and 3 veterinary centers. Demographics, procedural characteristics, and outcomes were assessed. Successful intervention was defined as a 50% reduction in transvalvar pulmonary pressure gradient (PG) within 24 h or final invasive transpulmonary gradient <40 mmHg.
Results
Data (78 children; 165 dogs) from July 2019 to June 2021 were included with BPV performed in 77 children and 145 dogs, and stent implantation in one child and 20 dogs. Stenosis was valvar in 64 children (82%) and 141 dogs (86%; P=0.50). Mean (SD) initial echocardiographic peak PG was higher in dogs [122 mmHg (39) vs. 70 mmHg (22)]. More dogs received beta-blockade at intervention (92% vs. 3%). Congestive heart failure was evident in 14% of dogs but no children. Pulmonary valve annulus diameter and balloon:annulus ratio were smaller in children 8.7 mm (3.4); 1.19 (0.3) vs. dogs 12.6 mm (4.2); 1.28 (0.24). Successful transcatheter intervention was achieved in 84% of dogs and 96% of children (P=0.008).
Conclusions
Valvar PS occurs in both children and dogs, although lesions might not be completely comparable. Preprocedural PG is higher and beta-blockers are more commonly prescribed in dogs. Successful transpulmonary intervention can be achieved in most pediatric and canine patients.
导论/目的导管治疗已经彻底改变了肺动脉瓣狭窄（PS）的治疗方法。进一步了解PS干预可能有助于改善不同物种的结果。本研究描述了接受球囊肺瓣膜成形术（BPV）或经肺支架植入术治疗先天性ps的儿童和狗的特点和直接结果。动物、材料和方法：来自2个儿科中心和3个兽医中心的多中心回顾性研究。评估了人口统计学、程序特征和结果。干预成功的定义是24小时内经瓣肺压梯度（PG）降低50%或最终有创经肺压梯度降低40mmhg。数据(78例儿童；纳入2019年7月至2021年6月期间的165只狗，对77名儿童和145只狗进行了BPV，并对1名儿童和20只狗进行了支架植入。儿童64例（82%），狗141例（86%）；P = 0.50)。狗的平均（SD）初始超声心动图峰值PG更高[122 mmHg (39) vs. 70 mmHg(22)]。更多的狗在干预时接受β -阻断剂（92%对3%）。14%的狗有明显的充血性心力衰竭，但儿童没有。儿童肺动脉瓣环径和球囊环径比较小，分别为8.7 mm和3.4 mm；1.19 (0.3) vs.狗12.6 mm (4.2)；1.28(0.24)。84%的狗和96%的儿童经导管干预成功（P=0.008）。结论患儿和犬均可发生瓣膜病，尽管病变可能不完全相同。手术前PG较高，在狗中更常用β受体阻滞剂。成功的经肺介入治疗可以在大多数儿科和犬类患者中实现。
{"title":"Comparative transcatheter intervention for pulmonary valve stenosis: multicenter collaborative study across pediatric and veterinary cardiology centers","authors":"L.E. Markovic , B.A. Scansen , G. Hiremath , H.B. Kellihan , S.S. Tjostheim , C. Calkins , K.M. Hodges , E. Cahill , B. Tainter , M. Carter , D.W. Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/objectives</h3><div>Transcatheter therapeutics have revolutionized treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis (PS). Further understanding of PS intervention may help improve outcomes for different species. This study describes characteristics and immediate outcomes in children and dogs undergoing balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) or transpulmonary stent implantation for congenital PS.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, materials, and methods</h3><div>Multicenter, retrospective review from 2 pediatric and 3 veterinary centers. Demographics, procedural characteristics, and outcomes were assessed. Successful intervention was defined as a 50% reduction in transvalvar pulmonary pressure gradient (PG) within 24 h or final invasive transpulmonary gradient <40 mmHg.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data (78 children; 165 dogs) from July 2019 to June 2021 were included with BPV performed in 77 children and 145 dogs, and stent implantation in one child and 20 dogs. Stenosis was valvar in 64 children (82%) and 141 dogs (86%; P=0.50). Mean (SD) initial echocardiographic peak PG was higher in dogs [122 mmHg (39) vs. 70 mmHg (22)]. More dogs received beta-blockade at intervention (92% vs. 3%). Congestive heart failure was evident in 14% of dogs but no children. Pulmonary valve annulus diameter and balloon:annulus ratio were smaller in children 8.7 mm (3.4); 1.19 (0.3) vs. dogs 12.6 mm (4.2); 1.28 (0.24). Successful transcatheter intervention was achieved in 84% of dogs and 96% of children (P=0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Valvar PS occurs in both children and dogs, although lesions might not be completely comparable. Preprocedural PG is higher and beta-blockers are more commonly prescribed in dogs. Successful transpulmonary intervention can be achieved in most pediatric and canine patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.004
L.A. Murphy , R.K. Nakamura
A nine-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented on referral for evaluation. The cat presented to its primary veterinarian for acute onset vomiting, panting, and weakness. An electrocardiogram performed at the regular veterinarian was concerning for ventricular tachycardia, and the cat was referred for further evaluation. An echocardiogram revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and a review of the electrocardiogram revealed findings suggestive of ventricular pre-excitation alternans with the suspect pre-excited complexes appearing to alternate with sinus complexes. This is the first reported case of pre-excitation alternans in a cat.
{"title":"Pre-excitation alternans in a cat","authors":"L.A. Murphy , R.K. Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A nine-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented on referral for evaluation. The cat presented to its primary veterinarian for acute onset vomiting, panting, and weakness. An electrocardiogram performed at the regular veterinarian was concerning for ventricular tachycardia, and the cat was referred for further evaluation. An echocardiogram revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and a review of the electrocardiogram revealed findings suggestive of ventricular pre-excitation alternans with the suspect pre-excited complexes appearing to alternate with sinus complexes. This is the first reported case of pre-excitation alternans in a cat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.003
D. Ma , M. Singh , N. Stander
Two juvenile (five- and 10-month-old), male, neutered, Jack Russel terrier cross dogs, each presented primarily for respiratory signs of varying severity, were included in the study. The first presented for coughing and weakness, and the other presented in respiratory distress. A cardiac murmur was absent in both. Imaging findings were strikingly similar for both dogs. Thoracic radiography revealed severe, disproportionate left atrial dilation with otherwise normal cardiac silhouette shape and size. Echocardiography revealed severe left ventricular mural thickening with hypertrabeculation and marked left atrial enlargement consistent with a diagnosis of congenital, isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Both dogs deteriorated clinically and were humanely euthanised without necropsy.
{"title":"Congenital isolated left ventricular non-compaction in two juvenile dogs","authors":"D. Ma , M. Singh , N. Stander","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two juvenile (five- and 10-month-old), male, neutered, Jack Russel terrier cross dogs, each presented primarily for respiratory signs of varying severity, were included in the study. The first presented for coughing and weakness, and the other presented in respiratory distress. A cardiac murmur was absent in both. Imaging findings were strikingly similar for both dogs. Thoracic radiography revealed severe, disproportionate left atrial dilation with otherwise normal cardiac silhouette shape and size. Echocardiography revealed severe left ventricular mural thickening with hypertrabeculation and marked left atrial enlargement consistent with a diagnosis of congenital, isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Both dogs deteriorated clinically and were humanely euthanised without necropsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"58 ","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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