Journal of Veterinary Cardiology最新文献

英文中文

Clinical utility of left atrial diameter normalized for body weight in healthy and cardiomyopathic cats 健康猫和心肌病猫体重归一化左心房内径的临床应用。

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.005

V. Patata , T. Vezzosi , C. Fabris , M. Bini , F. Marchesotti , G. Grosso , O. Domenech

Introduction/Objectives

Left atrial dimensions correlate with body weight (BW) in cats. Atrial dimensions can be obtained from both right parasternal long-axis (RPLAx) and right parasternal short-axis images. However, reference ranges for RPLAx-derived left atrial diameter (LAD) obtained from a large sample of healthy cats are needed. This study measured LAD from the RPLAx view and calculated a normalized value to BW (LADn) and left atrial diameter-to-aortic annulus ratio (LAD:Ao). Study aims included developing prediction intervals for LADn, defining reference intervals for LAD:Ao, and investigating useful cutoffs for these variables for detection of congestive heart failure (CHF) in cats with cardiomyopathy.

Animals, Materials and Methods

Healthy cats (n = 303) and cats with different types of cardiomyopathy (198 preclinical; 71 with CHF). From RPLAx images, the LAD was measured from the interatrial septum to the free wall at end-systole and aortic diameter was measured at the annulus to calculate the LAD:Ao. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of BW on the LAD. Cutoffs of LADn and LAD:Ao that identified cats with CHF were generated.

Results

The LAD correlated to BW (r = 0.52, P<0.001). The formula to calculate LADn was LAD (mm)/BW (kg)^0.19, while median RPLAx LAD:Ao was 2.0 (95% reference interval: 1.55–2.47). Values of LADn >12.7 and LAD:Ao >2.5 had a sensitivity of 92.8% and 88.7% and a specificity of 91.5% and 93.6%, respectively, in detecting CHF.

Study Limitations

Due to the retrospective design of the study and lack of longitudinal follow-up, the inclusion of cats with occult CM in the healthy group cannot be entirely ruled out.

Conclusions

The LAD correlates with BW in cats. In the evaluation of LA dimension, LADn and LAD:Ao might be preferable to unadjusted LAD, especially in smaller and larger breeds of cats.

简介/目的：猫的左心房尺寸与体重（BW）相关。心房尺寸可以从右胸骨旁长轴（RPLAx）和右胸骨旁短轴图像获得。然而，需要从大量健康猫样本中获得rplax衍生的左房内径（LAD）的参考范围。本研究从RPLAx视图测量LAD，并计算BW （LADn）和左心房直径与主动脉环比（LAD:Ao）的归一化值。研究目的包括制定LADn的预测区间，定义LAD:Ao的参考区间，并研究这些变量在检测患有心肌病的猫的充血性心力衰竭（CHF）时的有用截止点。动物、材料和方法：健康猫（n = 303）和不同类型心肌病猫（临床前猫198；CHF猫71）。根据RPLAx图像，测量从心房间隔到收缩期末游离壁的LAD，并在环处测量主动脉直径，计算LAD:Ao。采用线性回归分析研究体重对LAD的影响。生成了识别CHF猫的LADn和LAD:Ao的截止值。结果：LAD与BW相关（r = 0.52, P0.19），中位RPLAx LAD:Ao为2.0（95%参考区间：1.55 ~ 2.47）。LADn >12.7和LAD:Ao >2.5检测CHF的敏感性分别为92.8%和88.7%，特异性分别为91.5%和93.6%。研究局限性：由于研究的回顾性设计和缺乏纵向随访，不能完全排除将隐匿性CM猫纳入健康组。结论：猫的LAD与体重相关。在LA维度的评价中，LADn和LAD:Ao可能优于未调整的LAD，特别是在小型和大型猫品种中。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic findings, and computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in 10 dogs 10只犬静脉窦房间隔缺损伴部分肺静脉连接异常的临床特点、超声心动图表现及计算机断层血管造影诊断

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.004

A. Chen , K. Kurogochi , S. Ono , M. Uechi

Introduction/Objectives

Sinus venosus atrial septal defects (SVASDs) are frequently associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVCs) in humans, and computed tomography (CT) angiography provides high diagnostic accuracy. However, SVASD with PAPVC has been reported in only a few veterinary cases. This study evaluated CT for a definitive diagnosis and described the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of dogs with SVASD and PAPVC.

Animals, Materials and Methods

Ten dogs diagnosed with SVASD using CT angiography were retrospectively reviewed. Transthoracic echocardiography was used for the initial assessment, and CT angiography confirmed the diagnosis. The clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings were described.

Results

Transthoracic echocardiography revealed right atrial and ventricular dilation in each dog, with suspected SVASD in seven cases. In the remaining three dogs, echocardiography did not detect the SVASD. Computed tomography angiography identified a defect in the interatrial septum near the cranial vena cava in each case. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was confirmed in all dogs, with drainage sites involving the right atrium, the junction with cranial vena cava, or the cranial vena cava. Nine dogs underwent surgical repair, and surgery was not recommended for one dog because of suspected severe pulmonary hypertension.

Study Limitations

The small number of cases limited statistical evaluation, and the retrospective design may have introduced bias in echocardiographic assessment.

Conclusions

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect in dogs is often accompanied by PAPVC, which was present in 100% of the cases in this group of dogs. Computed tomography proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool, enhancing the sensitivity of identifying SVASD and PAPVC in dogs.

简介/目的静脉窦房间隔缺损（SVASDs）通常与部分肺静脉连接异常（PAPVCs）相关，计算机断层扫描（CT）血管造影提供了较高的诊断准确性。然而，SVASD合并PAPVC仅在少数兽医病例中报道。本研究评估了CT对SVASD和PAPVC的明确诊断，并描述了SVASD和PAPVC犬的临床和超声心动图特征。动物、材料和方法回顾性分析10只经CT血管造影诊断为SVASD的犬。经胸超声心动图进行初步评估，CT血管造影证实诊断。描述了临床特点和超声心动图的表现。结果经胸超声心动图示右心房和心室扩张，7例疑似SVASD。其余3只犬，超声心动图未检测到SVASD。在每个病例中，计算机断层血管造影发现在颅腔静脉附近的房间隔有一个缺陷。所有犬均证实部分肺静脉连接异常，引流部位累及右心房、与颅腔静脉的连接处或颅腔静脉。9只狗接受了手术修复，1只狗因疑似严重肺动脉高压而不建议手术。研究局限性：病例数量少限制了统计评价，回顾性设计可能会在超声心动图评估中引入偏倚。结论犬静脉窦性房间隔缺损常伴有静脉窦性房间隔缺损，本组犬100%存在静脉窦性房间隔缺损。计算机断层扫描被证明是一种有价值的诊断工具，提高了识别SVASD和PAPVC的敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Slow ventricular response atrial fibrillation and J wave in a hypothermic dog 低体温犬的慢心室反应、心房颤动和J波

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.003

I. Apolloni, S. Crosara, S. Oricco, C. Quintavalla

A 9-year-old, outdoors, Italian hound dog was referred for severe hypothermia that had occurred after vomiting and diarrhea. At presentation, the electrocardiogram showed a slow ventricular response atrial fibrillation with an instantaneous heart rate ranging from 20 to 115 beats/min. The QRS complexes were mildly enlarged and followed by a J wave. The QT interval was prolonged (360 msec). Multiple wide QRS complexes with various bizarre morphologies, either singular or in couples, indicative of ventricular ectopic beats, were also observed. The dog was hospitalized and actively rewarmed; the rhythm spontaneously converted to sinus rhythm with respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

一只9岁的户外意大利猎犬因呕吐和腹泻后发生的严重体温过低而被转诊。在就诊时，心电图显示心室反应缓慢，瞬时心率在20 - 115次/分之间。QRS复合物轻度增大，随后出现J波。QT间期延长（360毫秒）。还观察到多个宽QRS复合物具有各种奇怪的形态，无论是单一的还是成对的，表明心室异位搏。这只狗被送进了医院，并积极地恢复了体温；心律自发转化为窦性心律伴呼吸性窦性心律失常。

引用次数: 0

Assessment of heart rate measurements obtained from smartphone electrocardiography as compared to 24-h Holter monitoring in dogs with atrial fibrillation 评估从智能手机心电图获得的心率测量与24小时动态心电图监测心房颤动的狗

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.002

T. Gunasekaran, S. Prabhakar, R.A. Sanders

Introduction/Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of smartphone electrocardiogram (ECG) to estimate heart rate (HR) in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF) and assess its agreement with the 24-h mean HR obtained from continuous ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter monitoring).

Animals, Materials and Methods

Eleven dogs were fitted with a Holter monitor, while owners recorded 5-min ECGs using smartphone application–based electrodes, both attached and manually placed. Recordings were analyzed for the application’s QRS detection accuracy. Bland-Altman and bias plots compared smartphone-derived HR with Holter-derived HR. Receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed the smartphone ECG’s ability to differentiate between 24-h mean HRs above or below 125 beats per min (bpm).

Results

The smartphone ECG underestimated HR due to undersensing of QRS complexes by a mean of 7.15 bpm (standard deviation = 22.13) for the attached electrode and 2.6 bpm (standard deviation = 6.09) for the manually placed electrode. Bland-Altman analysis showed poor agreement, with a differential bias of −34.69 bpm (95% confidence interval = −73.25, 3.86) and proportional bias of 1.25 bpm (95% confidence interval = 0.988, 1.50). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a smartphone HR threshold of 122.5 bpm with 100% sensitivity and 99.96% specificity for distinguishing 24-h mean HRs above or below 125 bpm.

Study Limitations

The limitations of this study were the small sample size of large-breed dogs and limited generalizability to all AF etiologies.

Conclusions

Smartphone ECG underestimated HR in dogs with AF and showed poor agreement with Holter-derived HR. However, it may help identify dogs with 24-h mean HR above or below 125 bpm.

本研究的目的是评估智能手机心电图（ECG）估计心房颤动（AF）犬心率（HR）的能力，并评估其与连续动态心电图（动态心电图监测）获得的24小时平均HR的一致性。动物、材料和方法即使是狗也安装了动态心电图监测器，而主人使用基于智能手机应用程序的电极记录5分钟的心电图，包括连接和手动放置。录音分析应用程序的QRS检测精度。Bland-Altman和bias图比较了智能手机的人力资源和智能手机的人力资源。接受者工作特性分析评估了智能手机ECG区分24小时平均hr高于或低于125次/分钟（bpm）的能力。结果智能手机心电由于对QRS复合物的感知不足而低估了HR，对附着电极的平均低估率为7.15 bpm（标准差= 22.13），对手动放置电极的平均低估率为2.6 bpm（标准差= 6.09）。Bland-Altman分析显示一致性较差，差异偏差为- 34.69 bpm(95%可信区间= - 73.25,3.86)，比例偏差为1.25 bpm（95%可信区间= 0.988,1.50）。接受者工作特征分析发现，智能手机HR阈值为122.5 bpm，区分24小时平均HR高于或低于125 bpm的灵敏度为100%，特异性为99.96%。研究局限性：本研究的局限性是大品种犬的样本量小，对所有房颤病因的普遍性有限。结论智能手机心电图低估了房颤犬的HR，与霍尔特衍生HR的一致性较差。然而，它可能有助于识别24小时平均心率高于或低于125 bpm的狗。

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引用次数: 0

Use of the subcostal view for obtaining aortic spectral Doppler-derived outflow velocities in cats 使用肋下视图获得猫主动脉频谱多普勒衍生流出速度。

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.001

E. Korzybska, F. Edgerton, S.-A. Dickson, D. Shaw, Y.M. Pereira, M.I. Oliveira, G. Culshaw, R. Blake

Introduction/Objectives

In dogs and foals, spectral Doppler-derived aortic outflow velocities (AVs) obtained from the subcostal (SC) view provide higher values than the left parasternal apical five-chamber (LAp) view. In cats, use of the SC view for obtaining AV has not been reported. The aim of the study was to compare AV from SC and LAp views, assess the impact of patient and echocardiographic variables on the difference and confirm the feasibility of obtaining the SC view in cats. The authors hypothesised that the SC view would be well tolerated and provide higher AV.

Animals, Materials and Methods

This was a prospective, single-centre, observational study in cats referred for echocardiography. Standard echocardiographic studies were performed that included Lap-derived AV and, where feasible, those from the SC view. Patient compliance, ease of attainment and need for sedation were recorded. Aortic velocities obtained from both views were compared. The influences of patient and echocardiographic variables on the differences in AV were determined.

Results

Ninety-three cats were enrolled in the study. Eight cats were excluded due to incomplete data. The final analysis included 85 cats. Most cats (81%) tolerated the SC view. Subcostal AVs were greater than LAp velocities by 0.18 m/s (confidence interval ± 1.25 m/s; P<0.005). Sedation, heart rate, body condition score, bodyweight, aorto-septal angle and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) did not influence the differences between views.

Study Limitations

The study limitations included involvement of only a single-centre, subjective analysis of patients’ tolerance, non-standardised sedation protocol, probe frequency and size and a small number of cats included with moderate and severe LVOTO, other cardiac conditions, or receiving treatment.

Conclusions

Aortic velocities derived from the SC view were greater than those from the LAp view in cats. The SC view was well tolerated and may offer a more accurate assessment of LVOTO severity in some cats.

简介/目的：在狗和马驹中，肋下（SC）视图获得的频谱多普勒衍生主动脉流出速度（AVs）比左胸骨旁根尖五室（LAp）视图提供更高的值。在猫中，使用SC视图获取AV尚未见报道。本研究的目的是比较SC视图和LAp视图的AV，评估患者和超声心动图变量对差异的影响，并确认在猫中获得SC视图的可行性。作者假设SC视图耐受性良好，并提供更高的av。动物、材料和方法：这是一项前瞻性、单中心、观察性研究，在猫中进行超声心动图检查。进行标准超声心动图研究，包括膝源性房室和可行的SC视图。记录患者的依从性、达到的难易程度和镇静的需要。比较两种视图获得的主动脉流速。确定患者和超声心动图变量对房颤差异的影响。结果：93只猫被纳入研究。由于数据不完整，8只猫被排除在外。最后的分析包括85只猫。大多数猫（81%）容忍SC观点。肋下AVs比LAp速度大0.18 m/s（置信区间±1.25 m/s）； p研究局限性：研究局限包括仅涉及单中心、患者耐受性的主观分析、非标准化镇静方案、探针频率和大小，以及少量中度和重度LVOTO、其他心脏疾病或接受治疗的猫。结论：在猫中，SC视图得出的主动脉速度大于LAp视图。SC视图耐受性良好，可以更准确地评估某些猫的LVOTO严重程度。

{"title":"Use of the subcostal view for obtaining aortic spectral Doppler-derived outflow velocities in cats","authors":"E. Korzybska, F. Edgerton, S.-A. Dickson, D. Shaw, Y.M. Pereira, M.I. Oliveira, G. Culshaw, R. Blake","doi":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvc.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3><div>In dogs and foals, spectral Doppler-derived aortic outflow velocities (AVs) obtained from the subcostal (SC) view provide higher values than the left parasternal apical five-chamber (LAp) view. In cats, use of the SC view for obtaining AV has not been reported. The aim of the study was to compare AV from SC and LAp views, assess the impact of patient and echocardiographic variables on the difference and confirm the feasibility of obtaining the SC view in cats. The authors hypothesised that the SC view would be well tolerated and provide higher AV.</div></div><div><h3>Animals, Materials and Methods</h3><div>This was a prospective, single-centre, observational study in cats referred for echocardiography. Standard echocardiographic studies were performed that included Lap-derived AV and, where feasible, those from the SC view. Patient compliance, ease of attainment and need for sedation were recorded. Aortic velocities obtained from both views were compared. The influences of patient and echocardiographic variables on the differences in AV were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-three cats were enrolled in the study. Eight cats were excluded due to incomplete data. The final analysis included 85 cats. Most cats (81%) tolerated the SC view. Subcostal AVs were greater than LAp velocities by 0.18 m/s (confidence interval ± 1.25 m/s; P<0.005). Sedation, heart rate, body condition score, bodyweight, aorto-septal angle and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) did not influence the differences between views.</div></div><div><h3>Study Limitations</h3><div>The study limitations included involvement of only a single-centre, subjective analysis of patients’ tolerance, non-standardised sedation protocol, probe frequency and size and a small number of cats included with moderate and severe LVOTO, other cardiac conditions, or receiving treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Aortic velocities derived from the SC view were greater than those from the LAp view in cats. The SC view was well tolerated and may offer a more accurate assessment of LVOTO severity in some cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48788,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Cardiology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Pages 132-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Congenital partial pericardial defect affecting the right ventricle in a dog 影响狗右心室的先天性部分心包缺损

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.009

K. Sugimoto , K. Sasaki , S. Yamamoto , M. Yonemaru , N. Shimada , K. Kutara , J. Hiroma

A 1.8-year-old, 7.7-kg male mixed-breed dog was examined before castration surgery. Thoracic radiographs showed a prominent bulging of the cardiac silhouette. Echocardiography revealed a partial absence of the bright pericardial signal in the right ventricular outflow tract. Fluoroscopy revealed a bulging pulsating sac anterior to the right ventricular outflow tract. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography, a balloon-shaped right ventricular lumen protruding in the cranial direction was seen on the cranial side of the right ventricle near the pulmonary infundibulum. Accordingly, right ventricular herniation due to a partial pericardial defect was diagnosed. This report describes cardiac computed tomography in dogs with right ventricular pericardial defects; our findings highlight the usefulness of fluoroscopic examination in diagnosing pericardial defects.

去势手术前对一只1.8岁，7.7公斤的雄性杂交犬进行了检查。胸片显示心脏轮廓明显隆起。超声心动图显示在右心室流出道部分缺少明亮的心包信号。透视显示右心室流出道前有一个鼓鼓的脉动囊。增强计算机断层扫描显示，右心室颅侧靠近肺漏斗处可见一球囊状右心室管腔向颅方向突出。因此，诊断为部分心包缺损所致的右心室疝。本报告描述了右心室心包缺损犬的心脏计算机断层扫描；我们的研究结果强调了透视检查在诊断心包缺损中的有用性。

引用次数: 0

Histological evidence of myxomatous tissue in a Labrador puppy with pulmonic stenosis and tricuspid valve dysplasia 粘液瘤组织的组织学证据在拉布拉多犬与肺动脉狭窄和三尖瓣发育不良

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.008

J. Schoebel , G. Wess , M. Tursi

A six-week-old Labrador retriever was presented for lethargy and anorexia, revealing a systolic heart murmur. Tricuspid valve dysplasia involving the whole tricuspid valve apparatus and the right ventricular wall was found, and an additional pulmonic stenosis was present. Histopathological examination of the tricuspid and pulmonary leaflets highlighted an unusual myxomatous mesenchymal component, interpreted as being of ontogenetic origin.

一只六周大的拉布拉多猎犬表现为嗜睡和厌食，显示收缩期心脏杂音。发现三尖瓣发育不良累及整个三尖瓣装置和右心室壁，并伴有肺动脉狭窄。三尖瓣和肺小叶的组织病理学检查突出了一种不寻常的黏液瘤间质成分，解释为个体起源。

引用次数: 0

Journal title page and editorial board 杂志标题页和编辑委员会

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/S1760-2734(25)00068-2

引用次数: 0

Cardiovascular images: parachute mitral valve in a cat 心血管图像：猫的降落伞二尖瓣

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.003

E. Nijveldt, A. Stavri, K. Schober

A six-month-old intact female domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for further evaluation of a heart murmur. On echocardiography, a large, left-to-right shunting ventricular septal defect was identified. There was evidence of severe left heart volume overload, increased pulmonary artery flow and tricuspid regurgitation velocities, mild mitral regurgitation, and left-sided congestive heart failure. The presence of relative pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, and a mitral valve malformation were suspected, but further echocardiographic characterization was not attempted at the time due to the fractious nature of the cat. The cat presented a month later for pulmonary artery banding as palliative treatment for the ventricular septal defect. On subsequent recheck echocardiograms, four weeks and three months later, the presence of mitral valve dysplasia with a parachute mitral valve was observed.

一只6个月大的完整雌性家短毛猫被送到俄亥俄州立大学兽医中心进一步评估心脏杂音。在超声心动图上，一个大的，左至右分流室间隔缺损被确定。有证据表明严重的左心容量过载，肺动脉流量和三尖瓣反流速度增加，轻度二尖瓣反流和左侧充血性心力衰竭。怀疑存在相对肺动脉狭窄、肺动脉高压和二尖瓣畸形，但由于猫的脾气暴躁，当时没有尝试进一步的超声心动图特征。猫提出了一个月后肺动脉绑扎作为缓和治疗室间隔缺损。在随后复查超声心动图，4周和3个月后，观察到二尖瓣发育不良伴降落伞二尖瓣的存在。

引用次数: 0

Interobserver repeatability of interventricular septal wall measurements in cats 猫室间隔壁测量的观察者间可重复性

IF 1.3 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2025.07.007

A. Pires , W. Sears , S. Raheb , S. Fonfara

Introduction

Clinically, echocardiography is the gold standard test for diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. Low interobserver variability for echocardiographic measurements has generally been reported in the literature. We hypothesized that interobserver variability is high when measuring the interventricular septum (IVS) thickness in cats.

Materials and Methods

Echocardiographic right-sided parasternal left ventricular (LV) outflow tract views from four cats with different LV morphologies were selected. Five measurements of the IVS in each picture were performed by 29 veterinary cardiologists and cardiology residents from different institutions. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied for data analysis.

Results

Interobserver repeatability was poor for the base of the IVS (partial ICC: 0.4) and moderate for the rest of the IVS (partial ICC: 0.6). A range of 0.7 mm between the lower and upper limits of measurements was found for each picture and region of the IVS. Around 27% of variance in measurements was associated with training location (country), whereas around 73% of the variance was attributable to the observer.

Study Limitations

Study limitations included the use of still pictures and assessment of one echocardiographic parameter only.

Conclusions

As hypothesized, the interobserver repeatability of IVS measurements using the right-sided parasternal LV outflow tract view in cats was poor to moderate. This finding is relevant when comparing and interpreting measurements obtained by different observers. Additionally, the influence of training location may need to be considered when interpreting results of variability studies involving observers from the same facility.

在临床上，超声心动图是诊断猫肥厚性心肌病的金标准试验。超声心动图测量的低观察者间可变性已在文献中普遍报道。我们假设在测量猫室间隔（IVS）厚度时，观察者之间的变异性很高。材料与方法选择4只不同左室形态猫的右胸骨旁左室流出道超声心动图。来自不同机构的29名兽医心脏病专家和心脏病学住院医师对每张图片中的IVS进行了5次测量。采用类内相关系数（ICC）进行数据分析。结果观察者间重复性较差的是IVS的基础（部分ICC: 0.4），中等的是IVS的其余部分（部分ICC: 0.6）。对于IVS的每个图像和区域，在测量的下限和上限之间存在0.7 mm的范围。测量结果中约27%的方差与训练地点（国家）有关，而约73%的方差可归因于观察者。研究局限研究局限包括使用静止图像和仅评估一个超声心动图参数。结论如假设的那样，在猫中使用右侧胸骨旁左室流出道观察IVS测量的观察者之间的可重复性较差至中等。当比较和解释由不同观察者获得的测量结果时，这一发现是相关的。此外，在解释涉及同一设施观察员的变异性研究结果时，可能需要考虑培训地点的影响。

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