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Promising method of ion exchange separation of anions before reverse osmosis 反渗透前离子交换分离阴离子的有前途的方法
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.139505
I. Trus, M. Gomelya, V. Vorobyova, Margarita Skіba
A method to improve the quality of purified water, reduce the cost of reagents for the regeneration of resin and create low-waste processes have been developed. This paper presents the results of ion exchange separation of sulfates and nitrates using AV-17-8 anion exchange resin in NO3 form. The efficiency of anion separation on the highly basic anion exchange resin AV-17-8 depends on the magnitude and ratio of their concentrations in water. Separation on the AV-17-8 anion exchange resin has been shown to be effective at concentrations of sulfates up to 800 mg/dm3 and nitrates up to 100 mg/dm3. Conditions for regeneration of 10% NaNO3 anion exchange resin were determined. Reagent precipitation of sulfates from the used regeneration solution in the form of calcium sulfate was carried out. Calcium sulfate precipitate can be used in the manufacturing of building materials. The regeneration solution is suitable for reuse. The developed results will allow to introduce low-waste desalination technology of highly mineralized waters. 94 I. Trus, M. Gomelya, V. Vorobyova, M. Skiba this problem, the processes of ion exchange separation of these ions in the stages preceding the reverse osmosis desalination of water can be used. The most characteristic anions of highly mineralized waters are chlorides, nitrates and sulfates. The use of an anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA 900 allows for the separation of chlorides and nitrates (Berbar, Y. et al. 2008). Today, reverse osmosis methods are preferred for purifying waters with a high content of chlorides and sulfates, (Mubita, T. et al. 2020). These anions can be preliminarily separated on the AV-17-8 anion exchange resin in Cl-form. During the electrochemical separation of chlorides and sulfates in the anode chamber, sulfuric acid is concentrated, and chlorides are oxidized and then released in the form of chlorine gas. It is much more difficult to purify water that contains nitrates along with sulfates. It should be noted that the extraction of nitrates from water with low mineralization is a simple task (Rajca, M. 2012, Wiśniowska E. and Włodarczyk-Makuła M. 2020). Ion exchange is a fairly simple and reliable method that allows to effectively remove nitrates, reducing their concentration in water to acceptable levels. Ion resins are well regenerated with the solutions of sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds. At high concentrations of chlorides and sulfates during their electrochemical separation a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids will form, which is unsuitable for further use. Therefore, this issue needs to be addressed urgently. However, the processes of regeneration of ion exchangers and utilization of the resulting eluates are insufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the processes of effective separation of sulfates and nitrates depending on their concentrations in water and to develop a method of processing of eluates, which will allow their reuse to create low-waste wa
开发了一种提高纯净水质量、降低树脂再生试剂成本和创造低废物工艺的方法。本文介绍了用AV-17-8阴离子交换树脂在NO3形态下进行硫酸盐和硝酸盐离子交换分离的结果。高碱性阴离子交换树脂AV-17-8的阴离子分离效率取决于它们在水中浓度的大小和比例。AV-17-8阴离子交换树脂上的分离已被证明在硫酸盐浓度高达800 mg/dm3和硝酸盐浓度高达100 mg/dm3时是有效的。研究了10% NaNO3阴离子交换树脂再生的条件。对再生液中硫酸盐以硫酸钙的形式进行了试剂沉淀。硫酸钙沉淀物可用于制造建筑材料。再生液适合重复使用。开发的结果将允许引入高矿化度水的低废脱盐技术。[4] I. Trus, M. Gomelya, V. Vorobyova, M. Skiba,这个问题,离子交换分离这些离子的过程在反渗透脱盐之前的阶段可以使用。高度矿化的水中最典型的阴离子是氯化物、硝酸盐和硫酸盐。阴离子交换树脂Amberlite IRA 900的使用允许氯化物和硝酸盐的分离(Berbar, Y. et al. 2008)。如今,反渗透方法是净化氯化物和硫酸盐含量高的水的首选方法(Mubita, T. et al. 2020)。这些阴离子可以在AV-17-8阴离子交换树脂上以cl -形式初步分离。氯化物和硫酸盐在阳极室进行电化学分离时,硫酸被浓缩,氯化物被氧化,然后以氯气的形式释放出来。净化含有硝酸盐和硫酸盐的水要困难得多。值得注意的是,从低矿化水中提取硝酸盐是一项简单的任务(Rajca, M. 2012, Wiśniowska E.和Włodarczyk-Makuła M. 2020)。离子交换是一种相当简单和可靠的方法,可以有效地去除硝酸盐,将其在水中的浓度降低到可接受的水平。离子树脂在钠、钾、铵化合物溶液中再生效果良好。在高浓度的氯化物和硫酸盐的电化学分离过程中,会形成硫酸和硝酸的混合物,这是不适合进一步使用的。因此,这一问题亟待解决。然而,对离子交换剂的再生过程和所产生的洗脱液的利用研究还不够。因此,这项工作的目的是研究根据硫酸盐和硝酸盐在水中的浓度有效分离的过程,并开发一种处理洗脱物的方法,这将允许它们的再利用,以创造低废水净化过程。研究硝酸态硫酸盐和硝酸盐在AV-17-8阴离子交换树脂上的离子交换分离过程,考虑所得洗脱液回用处理的可能方向,开发有效的阴离子交换树脂再生方法,并对阴离子交换分离水中阴离子的前景进行评价。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry in Japan 日本嗅觉测定实验室间评价方法的改进
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/119696
T. higuchi, K. Shigeoka
Odor measurement is a crucial element of odor management and regulation. In Japan, nationwide interlaboratory evaluation of olfactometry using a variety of test odorants started in 2002. In the interlaboratory tests, odor index, a sensory index of odor determined by the triangular odor bag method, is measured. In 2016, interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry was improved. Isoamyl acetate with a concentration of 50 ppm was used as a test odor, and a total of 128 olfactometry laboratories participated in the test. In this method, test results of 11 ‘excellent qualifi ed laboratories’ designated by the Japan Association on Odor Environment (JAOE) were used to determine reference value and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations of odor index. On the bases of these statistical values, measurement results of each laboratory were evaluated, including trueness and precision. Among 127 evaluated laboratories, 87 laboratories (68%) conformed to both trueness and precision criteria. In the case of ‘qualifi ed odor measurement laboratories’ designated by the JAOE, 53 out of 68 laboratories (78%) conformed to both criteria. The qualifi ed odor measurement laboratories registration system of the JAOE contributes to the improvement of the quality of olfactometry laboratories and the reliability of odor measurement in Japan. Improvement of interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry in Japan 95 Reference value and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations were, however, not necessarily appropriate, since they were determined using odor index measurement results of regular seven laboratories that participated in the interlaboratory comparison tests in 2000 and 2001. In this study, a new interlaboratory evaluation method of olfactometry developed in 2016 is introduced and discussed. In this method, test results of ‘excellent qualifi ed laboratories’ designated by the Japan Association on Odor Environment (JAOE) were used to determine reference value and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations. Triangular odor bag method In several countries from Europe (EN 13725 2003) to North America (ASTM E679-04 2011), including Australia and New Zealand (AS/NZS 4323.3 2001), there are standardized methods used for the dynamic olfactometry analysis. These are dynamic air dilution methods for the determination of odor concentration. On the other hand, in several Asian countries, including Japan and China, the TOBM is used for odor evaluations (Brancher et al. 2017). TOBM is a static air dilution method by which odor concentration or odor index is determined. Odor concentration is the dilution ratio when odorous air is diluted by odor-free air in an odor bag until the odor becomes unperceivable. Odor index is the logarithm of odor concentration, multiplied by ten. TOBM was fi rst developed by the Tokyo metropolitan government in 1972 (Iwasaki et al. 1972, Iwasaki et al. 1978) and notifi ed by the Japan Environment Agency in
结果表明,两种方法测定的气味指数具有较强的线性相关性,特别是在较高的浓度范围内。传统的多个实验室的
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引用次数: 1
Experimental investigations of dynamic sorption of diesel from contaminated water 柴油从污染水中动态吸附的实验研究
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.139500
D. Paliulis
Surface wastewater pollution due to accidental runoff or release of oil or its products is a longstanding and common environmental problem. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of concentrations of oil products (diesel) and suspended solids, the sorbent type, the water flow rate and the interfering factors (chlorides) on the dynamic sorption of diesel and to test regeneration of polypropylene after its use for sorption. The sorbents used for study included common wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), polypropylene and sorbents modified with hydrogen peroxide solution. Standard methods were used for the determination of the investigated parameters and an in-house procedure employing a gas chromatograph was used for the determination of diesel concentration. The following factors that impact the sorption of diesel were investigated during the study: diesel concentration, concentration of suspended solids; type of sorbent (common wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), wheat straw modified with hydrogen peroxide, and polypropylene), water flow rate; and influence of the interfering factors (chlorides). Filtration speed in the range of investigated speeds does not affect the efficiency of diesel removal. Removal efficiency does not depend on the concentration of diesel before the sorbent reaches its maximum sorption capacity. Filling containing 50% of polypropylene and 50% of wheat straw was used for the study. It was found that polypropylene and wheat straw do not remove chlorides and suspended solids from solution. The study found that the solution of hydrogen peroxide boosts the hydrophobic properties of common wheat straw, but does not affect the sorption of diesel. The recommended number of regenerations of polypropylene should be limited to two. Experimental investigations of dynamic sorption of diesel from contaminated water 31 (Yalcinkaya et al. 2020, Lurchenko et al. 2019, Voronov et al. 2018, Kwasny et al. 2018). Sorption with a solid sorbent is one of the possible treatment methods. Sorbents can be used for the removal of oil products and organic pollutants from polluted water (Gushchin et al. 2018, Akpomie and Conradie 2021, Quím 2020, Rudkovsky et al. 2016, Paulauskiene 2018, Króla and Rożek 2020, Baiseitov et al. 2016). Clay minerals and modified clay minerals are also widely used for removing oil products and organic pollutants from water and soil (Li et al. 2016, Moshe and Rytwo 2018, Bandura et al. 2017). Scientists have tested polypropylene and other types of plastic for the removal of hydrocarbons and other organic pollutants as well (Baig and Saleh 2019, Karyab et al. 2016, Thilagavathi and Das 2018, Mohammadi et al. 2020). The sorption efficiency of oil depends on the porosity of the sorbent: sorbents with higher porosity have higher sorption capacity. There are three stages of sorption: the first stage is the initial one, where sorption is most intensive during the first minute. This represents the most intensive process of oi
由于意外径流或石油或其产品的释放而造成的地表废水污染是一个长期存在的普遍环境问题。本研究的目的是考察油品(柴油)和悬浮物浓度、吸附剂类型、水流速率和干扰因素(氯化物)对柴油动态吸附的影响,并测试聚丙烯吸附后的再生能力。研究中使用的吸附剂包括普通麦秸(Triticum aestivum)、聚丙烯和过氧化氢改性吸附剂。标准方法用于测定所调查的参数,采用气相色谱仪的内部程序用于测定柴油浓度。研究过程中考察了影响柴油吸附的因素:柴油浓度、悬浮物浓度;吸附剂类型(普通麦秸(Triticum aestivum)、过氧化氢改性麦秸、聚丙烯)、吸水率;以及干扰因素(氯化物)的影响。在研究速度范围内的过滤速度不影响柴油的去除效率。在吸附剂达到其最大吸附能力之前,去除效率不取决于柴油的浓度。采用聚丙烯和麦秸各占50%的填料。聚丙烯和麦秸不能去除溶液中的氯化物和悬浮物。研究发现,过氧化氢溶液提高了普通麦秸的疏水性,但不影响柴油的吸附。聚丙烯的推荐再生次数应限制在两次。污染水中柴油动态吸附实验研究31 (Yalcinkaya等人,2020,Lurchenko等人,2019,Voronov等人,2018,Kwasny等人,2018)。固体吸附剂吸附是一种可行的处理方法。吸附剂可用于去除污染水中的油品和有机污染物(Gushchin等人,2018,Akpomie和Conradie 2021, Quím 2020, Rudkovsky等人,2016,Paulauskiene 2018, Króla和Rożek 2020, Baiseitov等人,2016)。粘土矿物和改性粘土矿物也被广泛用于去除水和土壤中的油品和有机污染物(Li et al. 2016, Moshe and Rytwo 2018, Bandura et al. 2017)。科学家们还测试了聚丙烯和其他类型的塑料去除碳氢化合物和其他有机污染物的能力(Baig和Saleh 2019年,Karyab等人2016年,Thilagavathi和Das 2018年,Mohammadi等人2020年)。油的吸附效率取决于吸附剂的孔隙率,孔隙率越高的吸附剂吸附能力越强。吸附有三个阶段:第一阶段是初始阶段,在第一分钟内吸附最强烈。这是整个吸附过程中去除油品强度最大的过程。第二阶段是过渡阶段,在此阶段,吸收速度减慢。第三阶段是一个恒定阶段,在这个阶段,即使接触时间增加,也不再发生吸附。研究了油品(柴油)和悬浮物浓度、吸附剂类型、水流速率和干扰因素(氯化物)对油品(柴油)动态吸附的影响。材料与方法采用自来水、纤维素和氯化钠的混合物,人工配制污染水模拟地表出水,置于100l的水箱中(图1)。确定流量,通过加入自来水保持水箱出水液位不变,以使压力不影响流量。水由水泵从水箱输送到管道中,在管道中与石油产品混合。柴油在旋转泵的帮助下从一个较小的柴油罐中升起,并与水流混合。混合物在管道中流动,管道中有间距为15厘米的台阶,以引起水流湍流,为水和柴油的混合创造更好的条件。接下来,混合物通过一个网格从管中流出,该网格将水流分布在整个柱的直径上,以便更准确地估计吸收能力。试验水经柱内吸附剂层过滤后,流经柱底部的阀门。为了评估吸附性,在与油品混合的水进入色谱柱之前和在底部离开色谱柱之后进行取样。实验中使用了两种吸附剂,一种是普通麦秸作为天然吸附剂,因为它具有去除水不溶性有机物的能力;选择聚丙烯作为合成吸附剂,是因为它能够有效地去除高浓度的有机物和溶剂。
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引用次数: 2
Biosorption of Pb(II) by the resistant Enterobacter sp.: Investigated by kinetics, equilibriumand thermodynamics 耐药肠杆菌对铅(II)的生物吸附:动力学、平衡和热力学研究
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.138461
Lei Liu, Mengyang Xia, Jian-An Hao, Haoxie Xu, Wencheng Song
The Pb(II)-resistant bacterium was isolated from heavy metal-contained soils and used as a biosorbent to remove Pb(II). The strain was identified as Enterobacter sp. based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The effect of biosorption properties (pH value, Pb(II) concentration, bacterial concentration and temperature) on Pb(II) was investigated by batch experiments. Results of FTIR and XPS showed that the biosorption process mainly involved some oxygen-containing groups (-OH and -COOH groups). The experimental results and equilibrium data were fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively. The experimental biosorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model, and the maximum biosorption capacity was 40.75 mg/g at 298 K. The calculated ΔGо and ΔHо were –4.06 and 14.91(kJ/mol), respectively, which indicated that biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Results show that Enterobacter sp. will be an efficient biosorbent for Pb(II) removal. Biosorption of Pb(II) by the resistant Enterobacter sp.: Investigated by kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics 29 et al. have found that Enterobacter sp. RC4 was capable of reducing crude oil content by 80%, which has been widely used (Baruah et al. 2016). Pb(II) biosorption by Enterobacter sp. is theoretically feasible, but to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on Pb(II) biosorption by Enterobacter sp., therefore, the use of Enterobacter sp. to adsorb Pb(II) has certain significance. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) The strong Pb(II) resistant Enterobacter sp. was isolated from the Pb(II)-contaminated soils. (2) The influence of solution pH value, uptake time and biosorption doses on biosorption were investigated systematically. (3) XPS and FTIR were used to analyze the change elements and different functional groups on the surface of bacteria, respectively, and the morphological changes were analyzed by TEM. (4) The biosorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherm of Enterobacter sp. for Pb(II) were studied. Materials and methods Cultivation of biosorbent and identification The biosorbent was isolated from the Pb(II)-contaminated soils, and the samples (Pb(II)-contaminated soils) were stored in the School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Vocational and Technical College. The strain was isolated by a specific method and was similar to the previous studies (Liu et al. 2018, 2019). Firstly, 10 g of soil sample was dissolved in 100 mL of sterile water, then the supernatant was gradually diluted to 10-4 times. Secondly, 1 mL of the dilution was spread on a nutrient agar plate (5 g/L of peptone, 1 g/L of glucose, 2.5 g/L of yeast extract) containing 100 g/L of Pb(II) ion, which was incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Finally, the single colony was obtained for molecular identification and biosorption experiments. The methods used for the cultivation of Enterobacter sp. were the same as the methods for screening and separating. DNA was extracte
用1 mol/L的氢氧化钠和盐酸调节生物吸附体系的pH。去除率(R, %)、生物吸附量(Q, mg/g)和分配系数(K, mL/g)由下式确定。(1-3) (Bobik et al. 2017, Wang et al. 2017, Wang et al. 2009):
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引用次数: 2
The mobility of arsenic and its species in selected herbs 选定草药中砷的迁移率及其种类
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/AEP.2019.128645
M. Jabłońska-Czapla, R. Michalski, K. Nocoń, Katarzyna Grygoyć
The aim of the study was verifi cation of the response of chamomile (Matricaria recutita (L.) Rauschert), peppermint (Mentha x piperita) lemon balm (Melissa offi cinalis L.), and sage (Salvia offi cinalis L.) on the elevated contents of inorganic As species in soils. The ability of herbs to accumulate arsenic was tested in pot experiment in which soils were contaminated by As(III) and As(V). The As(III), As(V), AB (arsenobetaine), MMA (monomethylarsonic acid) and DMA (dimethylarsinic acid) ions were successfully separated in the Hamilton PRP-X100 column with high performance-liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) techniques. The study examined total arsenic contents in soil and plants, as well as the mobility of the arsenic species from the soil into the studied plants. Peppermint demonstrated the highest arsenic concentration and phytoaccumulation among studied plants. The sequential chemical extraction showed that arsenic in the contaminated soil was mainly related to the oxide and organic-sulfi de fractions. The results showed that the oxidized arsenic form had a greater ability to accumulate in herbs and was more readily absorbed from the substrate by plants. Research has shown that soil contaminated with As(III) or As(V) has different effects on the arsenic content in plants. The plant responses to strong environmental pollution varied and depended on their type and the arsenic species with which the soil was contaminated. In most cases it resulted in the appearance of the organic arsenic derivatives. The mobility of arsenic and its species in selected herbs 87 As in the environment are still increasing, due to the industrial development and economic growth. In Polish rivers, the content of As(III) in water was even 2.36 μg∙L-1 in the Kłodnica River (Jabłońska-Czapla 2015a) or 3.83 μg∙L-1 in the Biała Przemsza River (Jabłońska-Czapla 2015b). Human exposure to arsenic can cause various detrimental health effects, such as dermatological, pulmonary, cardiological, genetic, genotoxic or mutagenic (Selene et al. 2003). For humans, water and food are the main arsenic sources. When compared to its inorganic forms, the organic compounds of As are relatively non-toxic to humans. Inorganic arsenic forms are metabolized in the human body to their methylated species (in the methylation process) and removed at least partly, together with urine (Vahidnia et al. 2007). The application of hyphenated techniques such as high performance-liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) allows for speciation analysis (Cai et al. 2017, Das et al. 2001, Donner et al. 2017, Hong et al. 2018, Jabłońska-Czapla et al. 2014a, Jabłońska-Czapla et al. 2015, Jabłońska-Czapla 2015b, Marcinkowska et al. 2016, Templeton et al. 2000, Zheng et al. 2003). It is necessary for the hyphenated methods used in the arsenic speciation analytics (at low concentration levels) to be both appropriately selective an
本研究的目的是验证洋甘菊(Matricaria recutta (L.))的反应。Rauschert)、薄荷(Mentha x piperita)、柠檬香蜂草(Melissa offi cinalis L.)和鼠尾草(Salvia offi cinalis L.)对土壤中无机砷含量升高的影响。在砷(III)和砷(V)污染土壤的盆栽试验中,研究了植物对砷的积累能力。采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)技术,在Hamilton PRP-X100色谱柱上成功分离出As(III)、As(V)、AB (arsenobetaine)、MMA (monmethyl larsinic acid)和DMA (dimethylarsinic acid)离子。该研究检测了土壤和植物中的总砷含量,以及砷从土壤进入被研究植物的移动性。薄荷的砷含量和植物积累量最高。序次化学萃取表明,污染土壤中的砷主要与氧化物和有机硫化物组分有关。结果表明,氧化态砷在草本植物中积累能力更强,更容易被植物从基质中吸收。研究表明,砷(III)和砷(V)污染土壤对植物体内砷含量的影响不同。植物对强环境污染的响应不同,且取决于其类型和污染土壤的砷种类。在大多数情况下,它导致有机砷衍生物的出现。由于工业的发展和经济的增长,砷及其种类在环境中的迁移率仍在增加。在波兰河流中,Kłodnica河(Jabłońska-Czapla 2015a)水中As(III)的含量甚至达到2.36 μg∙L-1, Biała Przemsza河(Jabłońska-Czapla 2015b)水中As(III)的含量达到3.83 μg∙L-1。人体接触砷可造成各种有害健康影响,如皮肤病、肺病、心脏病、遗传、基因毒性或致突变(Selene等人,2003年)。对人类来说,水和食物是砷的主要来源。与无机形式相比,砷的有机化合物对人体相对无毒。无机形式的砷在人体内(在甲基化过程中)被代谢成甲基化的形式,并与尿液一起至少部分被去除(Vahidnia等人,2007年)。高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)等联用技术的应用允许进行物种分析(Cai等人,2017,Das等人,2001,Donner等人,2017,Hong等人,2018,Jabłońska-Czapla等人,2014a, Jabłońska-Czapla等人,2015,Jabłońska-Czapla等人,2015b, Marcinkowska等人,2016,Templeton等人,2000,Zheng等人,2003)。用于砷形态分析(低浓度水平)的连字方法必须具有适当的选择性和敏感性(Hong et al. 2018)。文献中有许多关于砷化学形态的仪器测定方法的研究。其中大多数是基于色谱分离技术,如HPLC (Asaoka等人,2012年,Cornelis等人,2003年,Ellis和Roberts 1997年,Moldovan等人,1998年,Pantsar-Kallio和Manninen 1997年,roigi - navarro等人,2001年,Ronkart等人,2007年)。分馏是一种能够区分操作上定义的元素形式的方法,而顺序萃取过程允许将痕量金属分离成可以在不同环境条件下释放到溶液中的化学形式。最常用的顺序提取方法之一是参考物质和测量研究所(BCR)建议的提取方案(Tokalioglu et al. 2003)或Tessier的化学提取程序(Tessier et al. 1979)。生长在污染基质上的植物吸收金属和类金属(Pavlovic等,2006,Ruzickova等,2015,Voyslavov等,2013,Zheljazkov和Nielsen 1996, Zheljazkov等,2006,Zheljazkov等,2008a, Zheljazkov等,2008b, Zurayk等,2001)。植物部分地将砷代谢成甲基。由于砷在植物中容易积累(Samecka-Cymerman and Kempers 2000),其毒性和植物对该元素的耐受性,在以下几种植物中进行了物种形成研究:平槭(Budzyńska et al. 2018), Pteris vittata (Wang et al. 2002),萝卜(Raphanus sativus) (tusstos et al. 2002),豆类(Phaseolus vulgaris) (Sukanya et al. 2018),甚至是干豆(Niedzielski et al. 2013)。然而,蘑菇中的As转化与高等植物不同(kalakei 2010)。植物中砷含量与土壤存在的比例关系是一种被动机制。植物对砷的吸收在很大程度上取决于植物种类和土壤理化条件。 在基质(或空气)被砷化合物污染的情况下,其在植物中的含量甚至会增加到数千mg∙kg-1 (Niedzielski等人,2000年,Koukamp等人,2016年)。在植物内部,砷的物种形成分析表明,砷会影响植物的生长和生产力,因为大量的形态、生理、生化和分子改变(Abbas et al. 2018)。不幸的是,世界文献中很少有关于草药中砷物种形成的研究,这些草药非常受欢迎,人们急切地消费,并从污染地区收集。土壤中的砷可以被吸收并储存在生长在这种基质上的植物中。它从土壤迁移到植物组织中是该元素污染食品过程中的关键步骤。虽然已经研究了砷从土壤到许多植物的迁移速率,但对其在土壤中的发生动态及其在薄荷(M. x piperita),洋甘菊(M. recutta),柠檬香蜂草(M. offi cinalis)和鼠尾草(S. offi cinalis)等草药中的迁移和吸收的研究有限。世界卫生组织(卫生组织)建议,食物中砷的日剂量应为总砷每天0.05-12.46 μg,无机形式砷每天0.21-0.83 μg (Kabata-Pendias和Pendias, 1999年)。本文研究了所选草本植物叶片和蒸汽中砷的浓度,包括有机砷[MMA(V), DMA(V), AB]和无机砷(As(III), As(V))。精选的草药用于生产草药茶和其他膳食补充剂。本实验在不同砷种(As(III)和As(V)污染土壤的盆栽试验中,测试了4种草本植物积累潜在危险元素的能力。该研究还证明了土壤中无机砷(As(III)或As(V))的污染如何影响选定草药中这种类金属的有机和无机形式的含量。本试验的主要目的是:1)验证洋甘菊、薄荷、柠檬香蜂草和鼠尾草等植物对土壤中可能受到各种砷污染的风险元素含量增加的耐受性;2)评估作为药用植物的草药生产中砷含量增加的潜在风险,以及在受砷污染的可耕地土壤中种植草药的可能性。iii)寻找土壤中砷种类含量与相应草本植物的关系。在研究中,洋甘菊(M. recutta)、薄荷(M. x piperita)、柠檬香蜂草(M. offi cinalis)和鼠尾草(S. offi cinalis)于2015年5月在分离容器中种植。容器内的土壤富含适当的无机As(III)和As(V)种。土壤受到污染,9.8公斤土壤中添加了2克∙L-1适当形式的砷。因此,砷的浓度约为。土壤中得到2
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引用次数: 3
Converting sewage holding tanks to rainwater harvesting tanks in Poland 波兰将污水储存罐改造成雨水收集罐
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.135770
S. Murat-Błażejewska, R. Błażejewski
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引用次数: 2
The application of the geo-accumulation index and geostatistical methods to the assessment of forest soil contamination with heavy metals in the Babia Góra National Park (Poland) 地质累积指数和地质统计学方法在波兰Babia Góra国家公园森林土壤重金属污染评价中的应用
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.134537
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引用次数: 1
Nanoparticles for water disinfection by photocatalysis: A review 光催化水消毒纳米颗粒研究进展
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.140541
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引用次数: 3
The risk element uptake by chamomile (Matricaria recutita (L.) Rauschert) growing in four different soils 洋甘菊(Matricaria recutta, L.)对危险因子的吸收在四种不同的土壤中生长
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/122298
J. Száková, M. Dziaková, A. Kozakova, P. Tlustoš
German chamomile (Matricaria recutita (L.) Rauschert) belongs to the plants with a high tolerance to toxic elements. The ability of chamomile to accumulate risk elements was tested in a pot experiment in which four soils contaminated by different levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), differing in their physicochemical parameters, were used. The element mobility in the soils was affected predominantly by the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils. Whereas As, Pb, and Zn were retained in roots, Cd showed good ability to translocate to the shoots, including anthodia, even in extremely Cd-contaminated soil without symptoms of phytotoxicity. The bioaccumulation factor for Cd calculated as the ratio of element content in the plant and the soil was the highest among the investigated elements. Between 5.5 and 35% of the total Cd was released to infusion, and its extractability decreased with increasing Cd content in anthodia. The essential oil composition suggested an alteration of the abundance of the individual compounds. However, no detectable contents of risk elements were found in the oil. Chamomile can be recommended as a suitable alternative crop for risk element-contaminated soils tested within this experiment, but only for production of essential oil. The risk element uptake by chamomile (Matricaria recutita (L.) Rauschert) growing in four different soils 13 that risk elements stimulate an increase in ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation, being affected especially by the given metal and exposure concentration (Petö et al. 2011). The plant-availability of elements in soil is affected by the physicochemical parameters of the soils, climatic conditions, plant genotype, and plant management (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 2001, Tokalıoğlu et al. 2003). Thus, the element content in plants is not directly related to the total element content in the soil (Schwartz et al. 2001). Among the physicochemical and biological parameters affecting the plant-availability of risk elements, soil pH, redox potential, cation exchange capacity (CEC), content of carbonates, hydroxides and oxides of Fe and Mn, clay minerals, organic matter, plant species, vegetation cover and the activity of soil organisms and microorganisms should be mentioned (Alloway 1990, Ross 1994, Cheng and Mulla 1999, Adriano 2001, Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 2001). The effects of nutrient content on the growth and yield of German chamomile have already been reported (Mosleh et al. 2013). The connections between the nutrient supplement of the chamomile plants and the content of essential oil was published as well. Nasiri et al. (2010) proved the benefi cial effect of foliar application of Fe and Zn on both plant yield and essential oil content. In our experiment, the ability of German chamomile to accumulate potential risk elements was tested in a pot experiment in which four soils contaminated by different levels of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn and characterized by different
德国洋甘菊(L.)Rauschert)属于对有毒元素具有高耐受性的植物。以不同理化参数的砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)污染的4种土壤为研究对象,通过盆栽试验研究了洋甘菊积累危险元素的能力。土壤中的元素迁移率主要受土壤阳离子交换容量(CEC)的影响。虽然砷、铅和锌在根中保留,但即使在镉严重污染的土壤中,镉也表现出良好的向芽(包括茎叶)转运的能力,即使没有植物毒性症状。以植物与土壤中元素含量之比计算的Cd生物积累因子在所研究的元素中最高。总Cd的5.5% ~ 35%被释放到输注中,其可提取性随肺泡中Cd含量的增加而降低。精油成分表明单个化合物的丰度发生了变化。然而,在油中没有发现可检测到的危险元素含量。可以推荐洋甘菊作为本试验中测试的风险元素污染土壤的合适替代作物,但仅用于生产精油。洋甘菊(Matricaria recutta, L.)对危险因子的吸收Rauschert)在四种不同土壤中生长13,风险元素刺激ROS(活性氧)形成的增加,特别是受到给定金属和暴露浓度的影响(Petö等人,2011)。土壤中元素的植物有效性受到土壤理化参数、气候条件、植物基因型和植物管理的影响(Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 2001, Tokalıoğlu et al. 2003)。因此,植物中的元素含量与土壤中的总元素含量没有直接关系(Schwartz et al. 2001)。在影响风险元素植物有效性的物理化学和生物参数中,应提到土壤pH值、氧化还原电位、阳离子交换容量(CEC)、碳酸盐、铁和锰的氢氧化物和氧化物含量、粘土矿物、有机质、植物种类、植被覆盖以及土壤生物和微生物的活性(Alloway 1990, Ross 1994, Cheng和Mulla 1999, Adriano 2001, Kabata-Pendias和Pendias 2001)。营养成分对德国洋甘菊生长和产量的影响已经有报道(Mosleh et al. 2013)。对洋甘菊植物的营养补充与挥发油含量之间的关系也进行了研究。Nasiri等(2010)证明了叶面施用Fe和Zn对植株产量和精油含量都有有益的影响。本试验采用盆栽试验方法,采用不同理化参数、不同砷、镉、铅、锌污染程度的4种土壤,研究了德国洋甘菊积累潜在危险元素的能力。此外,还评估了与必需元素(如Cu、Fe和Mn)的潜在相互作用,以及输液中风险元素和必需元素的可提取性。同时,评估了精油的成分和风险因素进入精油的可及性。本试验的主要目的是:1)验证不同土壤性质和风险元素污染程度影响下,洋甘菊植物对土壤中风险元素含量增加的耐受性;2)评估作为药用植物洋甘菊生产中元素含量增加的潜在风险,以及在受风险元素污染的可耕地土壤中种植洋甘菊的可能性。植物在四种土壤中盆栽,其主要物理化学特征和假总(即王水可溶性)风险元素含量不同(表1)。在实验中,受工业活动(有色金属采矿和冶炼,化学工业)影响的土壤-黑钙土2(50.69°N, 13.72°E),氟维索(50.52°N, 14.07°E), Cambisol(49.69°N, 14.01°E),在Chernozem 1(50.12°N, 14.54°E)的情况下,使用了污水污泥的土地应用。所有土壤都已调查过,对土壤和/或地点的更详细描述已在其他地方发表(Száková et al. 1999,2000)。在每个采样点从0-25 cm的深度收集土壤,风干,通过5毫米塑料筛过筛,并均质。用于测定元素总浓度和流动浓度的实验室土壤样品在20°C下风干,在砂浆中研磨,并通过2毫米塑料筛。在捷克共和国广泛种植的二二体波西米亚(Bohemia)品种中栽培6升塑料盆,5公斤风干土壤,每个处理6个重复。 捷克二倍体品种波希米亚于1952年获得许可,被归类为双abololoxid基因型。波希米亚品种的洋甘菊有认证商标号。CZ/00411/PDO - " Chamomilla Bohemica. "波希米亚通常含有1.2%的精油。播前施无机肥料NPK(每罐0.5 g N、0.16 g P、0.4 g K作为无机盐溶液,每公顷分别约300 kg N、96 kg P和240 kg K)。试验于2008年4月开始,每罐播种5株。定期控制土壤水分,保持在最大持水量(MWHC)的60%。花盆被放置在室外气候控制的植被大厅中,以保护花盆免受降雨。定期人工清除杂草;其他栽培条件如光照和温度没有得到控制。实验于2008年7月终止。收获的生物量分为茎、芽和根。植物材料在去离子水中仔细洗涤,在干燥箱中60°C干燥,均质并分析。土壤理化参数的测定以0.01 M CaCl2萃取物1/10 (w/v = 5 g + 50 ml, Novozamsky et al. 1993)测定pH值。阳离子交换容量(CEC)计算为Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn和Al在0.1 M BaCl2 (w/v = 1 g + 20 ml, 2小时)中可提取的总和(ISO 1994)。用K2Cr2O7氧化有机物后分光光度法测定总有机碳(TOC) (Sims and Haby 1971)。为了确定土壤中主要养分的潜在可利用部分,采用Mehlich III提取程序(0.2 M CH3COOH + 0.25 M NH4NO3 + 0.013 M HNO3 + 0.015 M NH4F + 0.001 M)。实验土壤土壤类型的主要特征纹理考克斯pH Ca # P K # # #毫克CEC¶Cd Cr美元美元铜镍铅锌%美元美元毫克/公斤毫克/公斤毫克/公斤毫克/公斤更易毫克/公斤/公斤毫克/公斤毫克/公斤毫克/公斤毫克/公斤3.45毫克/公斤1毫克/公斤黑钙土壤土7.3 5828 146 199 82 69.2 20.7 14.6 34.0 34.8 82.1 68.2 b c黑钙土2壤土3.95 6.8 133 2668 156 192 128 b 224 c 362 c 1.0 19.5 24.4 13.0 99.6 b 112冲积土砂壤土5.93 b 4.4 b 1026 c 35 b 120公元前248 c 176 100 1.6 27.6 46.0 48.6 21.3 b 207 b始成土壤土3.88a 6.3a 2420b 108a 363b 81a 165b 124b 4.8b 27.7a 23.6a 17.8b 1276c 190b #植物有效元素含量测定(Mehlich III萃取法)(Mehlich 1984);¶信息交换能力;$土壤中所研究元素的假总(王水可溶性)浓度;单列内用相同上标标记的平均值无显著差异(p<0.05);n=6 14 J. Száková, M. dziakov<e:1>, a . Kozáková, P. tulustov乙二胺乙酸(EDTA),固液比为1/10 [3 g + 30 ml],作用10分钟(Mehlich 1984)。植物样品采用干灰化程序分解如下:将等分(~ 1g)干燥和粉状植物材料称重到硼硅酸盐玻璃试管中,在Apion干式矿化器(Tessek,捷克共和国)的氧化气体(O2+O3+NOx)混合物中在400°
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引用次数: 4
Tolerance to cytostatic drugs bleomycin and vincristine by white rot fungi 白腐真菌对细胞抑制药物博来霉素和长春新碱的耐受性
IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.134540
Marcelina Jureczko, W. Przystaś, M. Urbaniak, Anna Banach-Wiśniewska, Łukasz Stępień
: Cytostatic drugs have become one of the greatest environmental hazards. They exhibit toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic eff ects on fl ora and fauna, including people. They are poorly eliminated in conventional wastewater treatment plants and their mixtures could possess higher ecotoxicity than individual drugs. Fungi are organisms with enormous potential for biodegradation of a variety of toxic chemical pollutants. The aim of this work was to estimate tolerance of fi ve fungal strains to selected anticancer drugs, which will be useful to determine the potential for their possible use in cytostatics removal and may be signifi cant in the context of wastewater treatment application. Test was conducted on Fomes fomentarius (CB13), Hypholoma fasciculare (CB15), Phyllotopsis nidulans (CB14), Pleurotus ostreatus (BWPH) and Trametes versicolor (CB8) and the chosen drugs were bleomycin and vincristine. Their ability to grow in the presence of selected cytostatics was
细胞抑制药物已成为最大的环境危害之一。它们对动植物(包括人类)具有毒性、致癌性、诱变性和致畸性。它们在常规废水处理厂的去除率很差,它们的混合物可能比单个药物具有更高的生态毒性。真菌是一种对各种有毒化学污染物具有巨大生物降解潜力的生物。这项工作的目的是估计五种真菌菌株对选定的抗癌药物的耐受性,这将有助于确定它们在细胞抑制剂去除方面的潜在应用,并可能在废水处理应用的背景下具有重要意义。分别对fomentarius (CB13)、fasiculare (CB15)、Phyllotopsis ndulans (CB14)、Pleurotus ostreatus (BWPH)和Trametes versicolor (CB8)进行试验,选用药物为博来霉素和长春新碱。它们在选定的细胞抑制剂存在下的生长能力是
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引用次数: 1
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Archives of Environmental Protection
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