In the most severe cases of longitudinal bone fractures such as femur, tibias, humerus etc., the bone can be completely separated into two fragments. In order to guarantee the re-ossification of the bone, it is required to reposition the bone fragments together. This process requires a delicate surgery called “bone reduction surgery”. The most advanced technique relies on the use of a robotic manipulator to reposition the bone fragments with higher precision and stability than manual surgeries. The present work introduces the kinematic design of a new hybrid mechanical architecture to perform this task. It is composed of a 3-PRP planar mechanism attached with a 3-RPS tripod mechanism. The kinematic analysis of this mechanism is provided while taking account the tripod parasitic motion. Kinematic simulations using Matlab and Adams are performed to validate the kinematic and velocity models and the parasitic motion compensation provided by the planar mechanism. The workspace of this hybrid mechanism is then compared to the standard hexapod mechanism that is widely used in bone reduction surgery. It reveals that the proposed mechanism can generate a larger workspace with the same linkage dimensions.
{"title":"Kinematic design of a hybrid planar-tripod mechanism for bone reduction surgery","authors":"T. Essomba, Sinh Nguyen Phu","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020030","url":null,"abstract":"In the most severe cases of longitudinal bone fractures such as femur, tibias, humerus etc., the bone can be completely separated into two fragments. In order to guarantee the re-ossification of the bone, it is required to reposition the bone fragments together. This process requires a delicate surgery called “bone reduction surgery”. The most advanced technique relies on the use of a robotic manipulator to reposition the bone fragments with higher precision and stability than manual surgeries. The present work introduces the kinematic design of a new hybrid mechanical architecture to perform this task. It is composed of a 3-PRP planar mechanism attached with a 3-RPS tripod mechanism. The kinematic analysis of this mechanism is provided while taking account the tripod parasitic motion. Kinematic simulations using Matlab and Adams are performed to validate the kinematic and velocity models and the parasitic motion compensation provided by the planar mechanism. The workspace of this hybrid mechanism is then compared to the standard hexapod mechanism that is widely used in bone reduction surgery. It reveals that the proposed mechanism can generate a larger workspace with the same linkage dimensions.","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77972270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johnson-Cook constitutive equation was utilized to model the 10100 copper and AA 1100 aluminum wires at the cold wire drawing process. Initial Johnson cook parameters were determined through quasi-static tensile tests at different strain rates. Analytical and finite element with VUHARD subroutine solutions were implemented to calculate the drawing forces using the Johnson cook parameters. Wire drawing experiments were carried out at different drawing conditions with two areal reductions and four drawing speeds with the strain rate ranged from 37 s−1 to 115 s−1 and wire drawing forces were measured using a load cell connected to the drawing die. Results showed that the Johnson cook model with parameters determined from a quasi-static condition was not able to predict the material behavior at the wire drawing process with a moderate strain rate. In order to modify the initial JC parameters an inverse analysis approach was adopted. An objective function was defined based on analytical and experimental drawing forces differences with respect to JC parameters. Using the Newton–Raphson method, new JC parameters were identified by minimizing the objective function. Updated Johnson cook parameters showed much more correlation with experimental results.
{"title":"An inverse analysis to identify the Johnson-Cook constitutive model parameters for cold wire drawing process","authors":"A. Aghdami, B. Davoodi","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020070","url":null,"abstract":"Johnson-Cook constitutive equation was utilized to model the 10100 copper and AA 1100 aluminum wires at the cold wire drawing process. Initial Johnson cook parameters were determined through quasi-static tensile tests at different strain rates. Analytical and finite element with VUHARD subroutine solutions were implemented to calculate the drawing forces using the Johnson cook parameters. Wire drawing experiments were carried out at different drawing conditions with two areal reductions and four drawing speeds with the strain rate ranged from 37 s−1 to 115 s−1 and wire drawing forces were measured using a load cell connected to the drawing die. Results showed that the Johnson cook model with parameters determined from a quasi-static condition was not able to predict the material behavior at the wire drawing process with a moderate strain rate. In order to modify the initial JC parameters an inverse analysis approach was adopted. An objective function was defined based on analytical and experimental drawing forces differences with respect to JC parameters. Using the Newton–Raphson method, new JC parameters were identified by minimizing the objective function. Updated Johnson cook parameters showed much more correlation with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76838617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ouardia Ait Oucheggou, V. Pointeau, G. Ricciardi, É. Guazzelli, L. Bergougnoux
Particle trapping and deposition around an obstacle occur in many natural and industrial situations and in particular in the nuclear industry. In the steam generator of a nuclear power plant, the progressive obstruction of the flow due to particle deposition reduces the efficiency and can induce tube cracking leading to breaking and damage. The steam generator then loses its role as a safety barrier of the nuclear power plant. From a fundamental standpoint, dilute and concentrated particulate flows have received a growing attention in the last decade. In this study, we investigate the transport of solid particles around obstacles in a confined flow. Experiments were performed in a simplified configuration by considering a laminar flow in a vertical tube. An obstacle was inserted at the middle height of the tube and neutrally-buoyant particles were injected at different locations along the tube. We have investigated first the trajectories of individual particles using particle tracking (PT). Then, the particle trajectories were modeled by using the Boussinesq-Basset-Oseen equation with a flow velocity field either measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) or calculated by the Code_Saturne software in order to account for the three-dimensional (3D) character of the obstacle wake. This paper presents a comparison between the experimental observations and the predictions of the modeling for an obstacle consisting of a rectangular step at a Reynolds number of ≈100 and evidences the importance of accounting for the 3D complex nature of the flow.
{"title":"Particle-laden flow around an obstacle in a square pipe: experiments and modeling","authors":"Ouardia Ait Oucheggou, V. Pointeau, G. Ricciardi, É. Guazzelli, L. Bergougnoux","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020063","url":null,"abstract":"Particle trapping and deposition around an obstacle occur in many natural and industrial situations and in particular in the nuclear industry. In the steam generator of a nuclear power plant, the progressive obstruction of the flow due to particle deposition reduces the efficiency and can induce tube cracking leading to breaking and damage. The steam generator then loses its role as a safety barrier of the nuclear power plant. From a fundamental standpoint, dilute and concentrated particulate flows have received a growing attention in the last decade. In this study, we investigate the transport of solid particles around obstacles in a confined flow. Experiments were performed in a simplified configuration by considering a laminar flow in a vertical tube. An obstacle was inserted at the middle height of the tube and neutrally-buoyant particles were injected at different locations along the tube. We have investigated first the trajectories of individual particles using particle tracking (PT). Then, the particle trajectories were modeled by using the Boussinesq-Basset-Oseen equation with a flow velocity field either measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) or calculated by the Code_Saturne software in order to account for the three-dimensional (3D) character of the obstacle wake. This paper presents a comparison between the experimental observations and the predictions of the modeling for an obstacle consisting of a rectangular step at a Reynolds number of ≈100 and evidences the importance of accounting for the 3D complex nature of the flow.","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79953484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study describes experimental research on two-phase flow displacement using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques. The overall purpose of this investigation is to determine kinetics process of phase trapping during (water-oil) two-phase flow, the front deformation and the phases saturation propagation along a vertical model. In these water flooding experiments, the porous medium model consists of packed beads of polystyrene (0.4 mm < dp < 0.6 mm) or sand grains (0.02 mm < dp < 0.50 mm). In order to conduct high accuracy experiments, a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometer operating at 14 T (corresponding to a 600 MHz 1H resonance) equipped with an imaging device was used. With this equipment we can measure and visualize the two-phase flow in a vertical model of porous medium under ambient conditions. The obtained results have shown that the oil saturation profile is strongly influenced by the material properties such as the phase wetting, the sample porosity and permeability as well as the injection rate. The influence of flow velocity on the residual oil saturation was also studied. The experimental results allow an essential understanding of immiscible fluid displacement in two different types of porous medium that differ from each other mainly by the effects of wettability.
本文介绍了利用磁共振成像技术对两相流驱替进行的实验研究。本研究的总体目的是确定(水-油)两相流动中相捕获的动力学过程、前缘变形和相饱和度沿垂直模型的扩展。在这些水驱实验中，多孔介质模型由聚苯乙烯填充珠(0.4 mm < dp < 0.6 mm)或砂粒(0.02 mm < dp < 0.50 mm)组成。为了进行高精度实验，使用了一台工作在14 T(对应600 MHz 1H共振)的核磁共振(NMR)光谱仪，并配备了成像装置。利用该装置，我们可以测量和可视化环境条件下多孔介质垂直模型中的两相流。结果表明，相润湿性、样品孔隙度和渗透率以及注入速率等材料性质对含油饱和度剖面有较大影响。研究了流速对剩余油饱和度的影响。实验结果使人们对两种不同类型的多孔介质中的非混相流体驱替有了基本的了解，这两种介质的主要区别在于润湿性的影响。
{"title":"Studying of parameters of two-phase displacement in porous media with MRI technique","authors":"J. Fannir, I. Panfilova, S. Leclerc, D. Stemmelen","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020058","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes experimental research on two-phase flow displacement using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques. The overall purpose of this investigation is to determine kinetics process of phase trapping during (water-oil) two-phase flow, the front deformation and the phases saturation propagation along a vertical model. In these water flooding experiments, the porous medium model consists of packed beads of polystyrene (0.4 mm < dp < 0.6 mm) or sand grains (0.02 mm < dp < 0.50 mm). In order to conduct high accuracy experiments, a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometer operating at 14 T (corresponding to a 600 MHz 1H resonance) equipped with an imaging device was used. With this equipment we can measure and visualize the two-phase flow in a vertical model of porous medium under ambient conditions. The obtained results have shown that the oil saturation profile is strongly influenced by the material properties such as the phase wetting, the sample porosity and permeability as well as the injection rate. The influence of flow velocity on the residual oil saturation was also studied. The experimental results allow an essential understanding of immiscible fluid displacement in two different types of porous medium that differ from each other mainly by the effects of wettability.","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89838710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoliang Cheng, Chunyang Zhao, Hailong Wang, Yang Wang, Zhenlong Wang
Microwave cutting glass and ceramics based on thermal controlled fracture method has gained much attention recently for its advantages in lower energy-consumption and higher efficiency than conventional processing method. However, the irregular crack-propagation is problematic in this procedure, which hinders the industrial application of this advanced technology. In this study, the irregular crack-propagation is summarized as the unstable propagation in the initial stage, the deviated propagation in the middle stage, and the non-penetrating propagation in the end segment based on experimental work. Method for predicting the unstable propagation in the initial stage has been developed by combining analytical models with thermal-fracture simulation. Experimental results show good agreement with the prediction results, and the relative deviation between them can be <5% in cutting of some ceramics. The mechanism of deviated propagation and the non-penetrating propagation have been revealed by simulation and theoretical analysis. Since this study provides effective methods to predict unstable crack-propagation in the initial stage and understand the irregular propagation mechanism in the whole crack-propagation stage in microwave cutting ceramics, it is of great significance to the industrial application of thermal controlled fracture method for cutting ceramic materials using microwave.
{"title":"Mechanism of irregular crack-propagation in thermal controlled fracture of ceramics induced by microwave","authors":"Xiaoliang Cheng, Chunyang Zhao, Hailong Wang, Yang Wang, Zhenlong Wang","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020077","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave cutting glass and ceramics based on thermal controlled fracture method has gained much attention recently for its advantages in lower energy-consumption and higher efficiency than conventional processing method. However, the irregular crack-propagation is problematic in this procedure, which hinders the industrial application of this advanced technology. In this study, the irregular crack-propagation is summarized as the unstable propagation in the initial stage, the deviated propagation in the middle stage, and the non-penetrating propagation in the end segment based on experimental work. Method for predicting the unstable propagation in the initial stage has been developed by combining analytical models with thermal-fracture simulation. Experimental results show good agreement with the prediction results, and the relative deviation between them can be <5% in cutting of some ceramics. The mechanism of deviated propagation and the non-penetrating propagation have been revealed by simulation and theoretical analysis. Since this study provides effective methods to predict unstable crack-propagation in the initial stage and understand the irregular propagation mechanism in the whole crack-propagation stage in microwave cutting ceramics, it is of great significance to the industrial application of thermal controlled fracture method for cutting ceramic materials using microwave.","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86184734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Atmani, F. Abbès, Yuming Li, S. Batkam, B. Abbès
This paper concerns the experimental and numerical study of the plug-assisted thermoforming process of high impact polystyrene (HIPS). The thermomechanical properties of this polymer were characterized at different temperatures and deformation rates. To study the influence of different parameters in the real conditions of plug-assisted thermoforming process, we carried out “plug-only” tests at different temperatures and plug velocities. To model the deformation behaviour of HIPS, we proposed a thermo-elastic-viscoplastic model, which we have implemented in Abaqus software. A thermo-dependent friction model was also proposed and implemented in Abaqus software. The parameters of the proposed models were identified by the inverse analysis method in the real conditions of plug-assisted thermoforming. The proposed models were validated with “plug-only” tests and plug-assisted thermoforming of yogurt container.
{"title":"Experimental investigation and constitutive modelling of the deformation behaviour of high impact polystyrene for plug-assisted thermoforming","authors":"O. Atmani, F. Abbès, Yuming Li, S. Batkam, B. Abbès","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020084","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns the experimental and numerical study of the plug-assisted thermoforming process of high impact polystyrene (HIPS). The thermomechanical properties of this polymer were characterized at different temperatures and deformation rates. To study the influence of different parameters in the real conditions of plug-assisted thermoforming process, we carried out “plug-only” tests at different temperatures and plug velocities. To model the deformation behaviour of HIPS, we proposed a thermo-elastic-viscoplastic model, which we have implemented in Abaqus software. A thermo-dependent friction model was also proposed and implemented in Abaqus software. The parameters of the proposed models were identified by the inverse analysis method in the real conditions of plug-assisted thermoforming. The proposed models were validated with “plug-only” tests and plug-assisted thermoforming of yogurt container.","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88930023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the necessity for energy in the manufacturing industry has become an important problem because fossil fuel reserves are decreasing in order to produce energy. Therefore, the efficient use of energy has become an important research topic. In this study, energy efficiency is investigated in detail for sustainable life and manufacturing. AISI 4140 material with high hardness of 50 HRC hardness has been applied cryogenic process to improve mechanical and machinability properties. In this experiment study, the effects of feed rate (0.04, 0.08, 0.12 mm/rev), cutting speed (140, 160, 180 m/min), depth of cut (0.05, 0.10, 0.15 mm) and tool radius (0.4, 0.8) on energy consumption, surface roughness and sound intensity were investigated. Then, a new mathematical model with high accuracy was developed. Total power consumption was calculated by considering the instantaneous current value and machining time. As a result, it is found that good surface quality obtained when the feed rate is low, and the tool radius is high and the machining time is shortened, the energy consumption is reduced due to the increase in cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate. Also, it is found that the tool radius has a limited effect on energy consumption, but low feed value increases energy consumption.
{"title":"An investigation of cutting parameters effect on sound level, surface roughness, and power consumption during machining of hardened AISI 4140","authors":"Abidin Şahinoğlu, Efehan Ulas","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020068","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the necessity for energy in the manufacturing industry has become an important problem because fossil fuel reserves are decreasing in order to produce energy. Therefore, the efficient use of energy has become an important research topic. In this study, energy efficiency is investigated in detail for sustainable life and manufacturing. AISI 4140 material with high hardness of 50 HRC hardness has been applied cryogenic process to improve mechanical and machinability properties. In this experiment study, the effects of feed rate (0.04, 0.08, 0.12 mm/rev), cutting speed (140, 160, 180 m/min), depth of cut (0.05, 0.10, 0.15 mm) and tool radius (0.4, 0.8) on energy consumption, surface roughness and sound intensity were investigated. Then, a new mathematical model with high accuracy was developed. Total power consumption was calculated by considering the instantaneous current value and machining time. As a result, it is found that good surface quality obtained when the feed rate is low, and the tool radius is high and the machining time is shortened, the energy consumption is reduced due to the increase in cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate. Also, it is found that the tool radius has a limited effect on energy consumption, but low feed value increases energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73691785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Roy, Ramanuj Kumar, A. Sahoo, A. Pandey, A. Panda
Generation of total heat in hard turning largely influenced the cutting tool wear, tool life and finishing quality of work-surface. Thus, the measurement of this heat in terms of temperature becomes a necessity for achieving favourable machining performances. Therefore, this work presents a novel study on temperature measurement in three different zones during hard turning operation of 4340 grade steel under pulsating MQL environment. Temperatures are measured at three different locations namely chip-tool interface, flank face, and machined work surface (near to tool-work contact) and the location wise temperature is termed as chip tool interface temperature (T), flank face temperature (Tf) and machined work surface temperature (Tw) correspondingly. The temperature T and Tf are measured with help of K-type thermocouple while Tw is measured by Fluke make infra-red thermal camera. Pulsating MQL significantly reduced the temperature as the maximum temperature is noticed 110 °C which corresponds to chip-tool interface temperature (T) at highest speed (200 m/min) condition. In each test, the order of temperature follow the trend as: T > Tf > Tw. Considering average of all 16 temperatures, T is 14.42% greater than Tf and 39.36% larger than Tw while Tf is 21.79% greater than Tw. Experimental results concludes that the cutting speed is the most influencing factor followed by depth of cut for both T and Tf, whereas depth of cut is the most influencing factor for Tw. Further, these temperatures are predicted using linear regression, and absolute mean error (MAE) for responses T, Tf, and Tw is noticed as 1.848%, 0.542%, and 3.766% individually. Additionally, the optimum setting of input terms are estimated using WPCA (weighted principal component analysis) and found to be dc1 (0.1 mm) − fr2 (0.08 mm/rev) − vc2 (100 m/min) − Pt2 (2 s).
{"title":"Investigation on hard turning temperature under a novel pulsating MQL environment: An experimental and modelling approach","authors":"S. Roy, Ramanuj Kumar, A. Sahoo, A. Pandey, A. Panda","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020078","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of total heat in hard turning largely influenced the cutting tool wear, tool life and finishing quality of work-surface. Thus, the measurement of this heat in terms of temperature becomes a necessity for achieving favourable machining performances. Therefore, this work presents a novel study on temperature measurement in three different zones during hard turning operation of 4340 grade steel under pulsating MQL environment. Temperatures are measured at three different locations namely chip-tool interface, flank face, and machined work surface (near to tool-work contact) and the location wise temperature is termed as chip tool interface temperature (T), flank face temperature (Tf) and machined work surface temperature (Tw) correspondingly. The temperature T and Tf are measured with help of K-type thermocouple while Tw is measured by Fluke make infra-red thermal camera. Pulsating MQL significantly reduced the temperature as the maximum temperature is noticed 110 °C which corresponds to chip-tool interface temperature (T) at highest speed (200 m/min) condition. In each test, the order of temperature follow the trend as: T > Tf > Tw. Considering average of all 16 temperatures, T is 14.42% greater than Tf and 39.36% larger than Tw while Tf is 21.79% greater than Tw. Experimental results concludes that the cutting speed is the most influencing factor followed by depth of cut for both T and Tf, whereas depth of cut is the most influencing factor for Tw. Further, these temperatures are predicted using linear regression, and absolute mean error (MAE) for responses T, Tf, and Tw is noticed as 1.848%, 0.542%, and 3.766% individually. Additionally, the optimum setting of input terms are estimated using WPCA (weighted principal component analysis) and found to be dc1 (0.1 mm) − fr2 (0.08 mm/rev) − vc2 (100 m/min) − Pt2 (2 s).","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"159 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72438692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, friction stir welding (FSW) process was used to join double-layer sheets of pure copper and 1050 aluminum alloy produced by explosive welding (EXW). The double-layer sheets were arranged side by side to perform friction stir butt-welding. In this regard, rotary FSW tools with different geometries were used at rotational speeds of 800 and 1250 rpm and linear speeds of 8, 12, and 20 mm min‑1, in one and two number of passes. According to the results, the sample welded by a conical tool with a rotational speed of 800 rpm and a linear speed of 12 mm min‑1 in one pass offered the highest tensile strength, which was approximately equivalent to the 84% of the strength of the raw double-layer sheet. In addition, applying the second FSW pass and using a threaded tool from the aluminum side had negative effects on the tensile strength. The microstructural evaluation showed the presence of more intermetallic phases including Al4Cu9, AlCu, and Al2Cu in the sample welded by the threaded tool from the aluminum side in two number of passes, which was the responsible of the lower tensile strength and the higher microhardness.
采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)工艺，对爆炸焊接生产的纯铜与1050铝合金双层板进行了连接。将两层板并排排列，进行搅拌摩擦对接焊。在这方面，使用了不同几何形状的旋转FSW工具，转速分别为800和1250 rpm，线速度分别为8、12和20 mm min - 1。结果表明，以800 rpm转速和12 mm min - 1的线速度进行一次焊接的试样抗拉强度最高，约相当于原双层板强度的84%。此外，应用第二个FSW通道并从铝侧使用螺纹工具对抗拉强度产生负面影响。显微组织分析表明，两道次螺纹刀具从铝侧焊接的试样中存在较多的Al4Cu9、AlCu和Al2Cu金属间相，这是导致试样抗拉强度较低、显微硬度较高的原因。
{"title":"Effects of process parameters on tensile strength of friction stir welded Al-Cu double-layer sheets","authors":"M. Tabrizi, A. Mostahsan, M. Sedighi","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020059","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, friction stir welding (FSW) process was used to join double-layer sheets of pure copper and 1050 aluminum alloy produced by explosive welding (EXW). The double-layer sheets were arranged side by side to perform friction stir butt-welding. In this regard, rotary FSW tools with different geometries were used at rotational speeds of 800 and 1250 rpm and linear speeds of 8, 12, and 20 mm min‑1, in one and two number of passes. According to the results, the sample welded by a conical tool with a rotational speed of 800 rpm and a linear speed of 12 mm min‑1 in one pass offered the highest tensile strength, which was approximately equivalent to the 84% of the strength of the raw double-layer sheet. In addition, applying the second FSW pass and using a threaded tool from the aluminum side had negative effects on the tensile strength. The microstructural evaluation showed the presence of more intermetallic phases including Al4Cu9, AlCu, and Al2Cu in the sample welded by the threaded tool from the aluminum side in two number of passes, which was the responsible of the lower tensile strength and the higher microhardness.","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73193120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Hamrouni, M. Rezgui, A. Trabelsi, Z. Kiss, R. Nasri
The paper aims to optimize the characteristic performances of friction stir welding of high-density polyethylene in order to predict failure modes in weld nugget and interfacial zones. Three replicates of a face central composite design are employed to estimate the effects of parameters process, on the transversal flow stress and strain of the seam and to understand root causes, which may lead to structural defects such as the onset of cracks and the seam-base metal rupture. The study findings disclose that maximum responses are obtained when the tool rotation speed is set middle and both the feed rate and the plunged surface are set high. The transversal flow stress of the welded seam is found highly sensitive to the plunged surfaces and at a lesser degree to the rotation speed, whereas, the transversal flow strain of the welded seam is mostly sensitive to the rotation speed and at a lesser degree to the plunged surfaces. For the microscopic analysis, it is shown that at low rotation speed, there exist four structural layers in the transition zone between the seam and the base material giving rise to the formation of a continuous line of cracks that can initiate structure failure.
{"title":"Optimization of transversal flow stress and strain and weld seam microstructure analysis in butt-HDPE friction stir welded plates","authors":"K. Hamrouni, M. Rezgui, A. Trabelsi, Z. Kiss, R. Nasri","doi":"10.1051/meca/2020047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020047","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to optimize the characteristic performances of friction stir welding of high-density polyethylene in order to predict failure modes in weld nugget and interfacial zones. Three replicates of a face central composite design are employed to estimate the effects of parameters process, on the transversal flow stress and strain of the seam and to understand root causes, which may lead to structural defects such as the onset of cracks and the seam-base metal rupture. The study findings disclose that maximum responses are obtained when the tool rotation speed is set middle and both the feed rate and the plunged surface are set high. The transversal flow stress of the welded seam is found highly sensitive to the plunged surfaces and at a lesser degree to the rotation speed, whereas, the transversal flow strain of the welded seam is mostly sensitive to the rotation speed and at a lesser degree to the plunged surfaces. For the microscopic analysis, it is shown that at low rotation speed, there exist four structural layers in the transition zone between the seam and the base material giving rise to the formation of a continuous line of cracks that can initiate structure failure.","PeriodicalId":49018,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics & Industry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89315058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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