Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第2页

Chronic home radon exposure impacts the development of oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial attention 长期家庭氡暴露会影响服务于视觉空间注意的振荡动力学的发展

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101682

Rachel A. Bonney , Sarah L. Greenwood , Danielle Thompson , Monica N. Clarke-Smith , Saige C. Rasmussen , Grace E. Parolek , OgheneTejiri V. Smith , Haley R. Pulliam , Brittany K. Taylor

Radon is a naturally occurring gas that can accumulate to hazardous levels in homes. While previous work has shown that environmental toxicants negatively impact neurodevelopment, little is understood about how radon may affect critical cognitive functions like visuospatial attention, which is subserved by multispectral neural oscillatory dynamics across the developmentally-sensitive attention networks. This study explored the effects of chronic home radon exposure on the developmental trajectories of oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial attention in youths. We recruited 118 youths aged 8-to-15 years-old to complete a visuospatial attention task during magnetoencephalography. Families completed a home radon test, and inattention and hyperactivity symptoms were measured using a self-report questionnaire. We found functionally relevant radon-related aberrations to beta dynamics within the left inferior frontal (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus. In both regions, children with higher radon exposure exhibited stronger beta responses as a function of age, which predicted slower reaction times. Age-related strengthening of beta responses in the IFG was also correlated with lesser attentional symptomology. These results suggest aberrant developmental trajectories of neural processing as a function of increasing radon exposure in critical attention regions, which may indicate compensatory activity to sustain performance and improve attentional stability despite chronic environmental insult.

氡是一种自然产生的气体，可在家中积聚到危险水平。虽然之前的研究表明，环境毒物会对神经发育产生负面影响，但人们对氡如何影响视觉空间注意力等关键认知功能知之甚少，而视觉空间注意力是由发育敏感的注意力网络中的多谱神经振荡动力学提供的。本研究探讨慢性家庭氡暴露对青少年视觉空间注意振荡动力学发展轨迹的影响。我们招募了118名8- 15岁的青少年在脑磁图中完成一项视觉空间注意力任务。家庭完成了家庭氡测试，并使用自我报告问卷测量了注意力不集中和多动症状。我们在左侧额下回和颞上回内发现了与功能相关的氡相关的β动力学畸变。在这两个地区，氡暴露较高的儿童表现出较强的β反应，这是年龄的函数，预示着反应时间较慢。IFG中与年龄相关的β反应增强也与较少的注意症状相关。这些结果表明，神经处理的异常发展轨迹是关键注意区域氡暴露增加的功能，这可能表明代偿性活动，以维持表现和改善慢性环境损害的注意力稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Deep learning in fetal, infant, and toddler neuroimaging research 胎儿、婴儿和幼儿神经影像学研究中的深度学习

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101680

Jenna H. Chin , Madeleine K. Wyburd , Vladislav Ayzenberg , Laurie Bayet , Berkin Bilgic , Emily M. Chen , Yuting Chen , Áine Dineen , Shohei Fujita , Janelle Liu , Yohan Jun , M. Catalina Camacho , Lilla Zöllei

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into everyday tasks and work environments. However, its adoption in medical image analysis has progressed more slowly due to high clinical stakes, limited availability of labeled data, and substantial variability in imaging protocols and population. These challenges are further pronounced in the field of fetal, infant, and toddler (FIT) neuroimaging, where datasets are especially scarce and subject to large amounts of anatomical variability. However, deep learning (DL), a specific method within machine learning, which is itself a subfield of AI, has emerged as a powerful framework to adapt to the challenges of medical image analysis. This review is written for the broad FIT research community, including clinicians, neuroscientists, and develop mental scientists who may not have formal training in AI. To make the material accessible, we provide a concise overview of DL concepts before reviewing a selected, and non-exhaustive, list of applications of DL in FIT neuroimaging, including structural image analysis, enhancement of data acquisition, modeling of cognitive and perceptual processes, and automated video tagging. In closing, we discuss best practices for data curation, ongoing challenges, and opportunities for future research.

人工智能（AI）越来越多地融入到日常任务和工作环境中。然而，由于临床风险高，标记数据的可用性有限，以及成像方案和人群的实质性变化，其在医学图像分析中的采用进展缓慢。这些挑战在胎儿、婴儿和幼儿（FIT）神经成像领域进一步明显，该领域的数据集尤其稀缺，并且受到大量解剖学变异性的影响。然而，深度学习（DL）是机器学习中的一种特定方法，它本身就是人工智能的一个子领域，已经成为适应医学图像分析挑战的强大框架。这篇综述是为广泛的FIT研究界编写的，包括临床医生、神经科学家和可能没有接受过人工智能正式培训的发展精神科学家。为了使材料易于访问，我们在回顾DL在FIT神经成像中的应用列表之前简要概述了DL概念，包括结构图像分析，增强数据采集，认知和感知过程建模以及自动视频标记。最后，我们将讨论数据管理的最佳实践、当前的挑战以及未来研究的机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Age and gender-related neurophysiological changes in sleep and wake states during childhood 儿童时期睡眠和清醒状态中与年龄和性别相关的神经生理变化

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101681

Kevin Mammeri , Guillaume Legendre , Fiona Journal , Nathalie Fernandez , Helene Ruppen-Maret , Joanny Combey , Sophie Schwartz , Virginie Sterpenich

Brain maturation and sleep patterns evolve throughout childhood, intricately influencing cognitive functions. However, it remains unclear whether changes in sleep and cognition follow similar or distinct trajectories as a function of age and gender during childhood. We included 61 healthy children (30 boys and 31 girls), aged 5–12 years old, who completed a visual memory task and a sustained attention to response task (SART), before and after undergoing one night of polysomnography at home. Our findings revealed large age-related associations in girls, with N3 and REM durations decreasing and sleep spindle frequency during N2 increasing across development. Conversely, these patterns were not observed in boys. Moreover, a significant interaction showed a shift in delta power topography from posterior to anterior regions in girls compared to boys. Alongside these sleep changes, girls exhibited a predominant excitatory pattern of brain activity during wakefulness as evidenced by a reduction in resting EEG slope. Regarding cognition, we found a large correlation between the increase in sleep spindle frequency in girls and morning accuracy on the SART. Overnight memory consolidation did not vary with age or gender. Taken together, these findings suggest an earlier onset of brain maturation in girls, reflected by less deep sleep, faster sleep spindles, frontal shift in delta power, and greater cortical excitability during wakefulness. This pattern in girls challenges the notion that developmental modifications of sleep are minimal during childhood. How closely may these changes relate to puberty or timing remain to be established in future longitudinal studies.

大脑成熟和睡眠模式在整个童年时期不断进化，复杂地影响着认知功能。然而，尚不清楚睡眠和认知的变化是否遵循相似或不同的轨迹，作为童年时期年龄和性别的函数。我们纳入了61名5-12岁的健康儿童（30名男孩和31名女孩），他们在家中接受一晚多导睡眠描记前后分别完成了视觉记忆任务和持续注意反应任务（SART）。我们的研究结果揭示了女孩的年龄相关性，在整个发育过程中，N3和REM持续时间减少，N2阶段的睡眠纺锤波频率增加。相反，这些模式在男孩身上没有观察到。此外，一个显著的相互作用表明，与男孩相比，女孩的三角能量地形从后向前区域转移。除了这些睡眠变化外，女孩在清醒时表现出主要的兴奋性脑活动模式，静息脑电图斜率降低证明了这一点。在认知方面，我们发现女孩睡眠纺锤波频率的增加与SART早晨准确性之间存在很大的相关性。隔夜记忆巩固没有随年龄或性别而变化。综上所述，这些发现表明女孩的大脑成熟开始得更早，反映在深度睡眠更少、睡眠纺锤波更快、三角波能量的额叶转移和清醒时大脑皮层的兴奋性更强。女孩的这种模式挑战了儿童时期睡眠发育变化最小的观念。这些变化与青春期或时间的关系有多密切，还有待未来的纵向研究来确定。

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引用次数: 0

Neural correlates of joint attention in infants aged 8–24 months: A systematic review 8-24个月婴儿关节注意的神经相关：系统综述

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101678

Vera Mateus , Ana Carolina Santos , Ana Ganho Ávila , Mónica Sobral , Ana Osório , Sara Cruz

Joint attention, or the infant’s ability to coordinate their attention with a social partner towards an object, emerges around 9 months of age and becomes more frequent during the second year of life. Previous studies, especially with adults, highlight the involvement of several networks of the social brain in the processing of joint attention stimuli. This work aims to systematically review the literature on the neural correlates of joint attention in infants aged 8–24 months of age. Four databases were searched for empirical studies published in English from inception to July 2024 (updated in May 2025). Sixteen studies were included, using electroencephalography (EEG, n = 11), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS; n = 3), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; n = 2) to assess brain activation mainly in typically developing infants. EEG studies suggest a pattern of cortical activity in frontal, central and parietal regions of the infants’ brain, alpha-band desynchronization and larger amplitude of the negative central component in response to joint attention stimuli. fNIRS studies found increased activation in the superior temporal sulcus-temporoparietal junction and prefrontal regions of the brain. One fMRI study showed correlations between initiating joint attention and the functional connectivity in brain networks: visual, dorsal attention and default mode networks. In contrast, another study found no relation between left posterior superior temporal cortex connectivity and infant social communication. Findings highlight the importance of investigating the neural mechanisms underlying joint attention in infancy, and their contribution as early indicators of typical and atypical development.

共同注意力，或婴儿与社会伙伴协调注意力的能力，大约在9个月大时出现，并在生命的第二年变得更加频繁。先前的研究，特别是针对成人的研究，强调了社会大脑的几个网络参与了联合注意刺激的处理。本研究旨在系统回顾8-24月龄婴儿联合注意的神经相关文献。检索了四个数据库，检索了从成立到2024年7月（更新于2025年5月）以英文发表的实证研究。纳入16项研究，主要使用脑电图（EEG, n = 11）、功能近红外光谱（fNIRS, n = 3）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI, n = 2）评估典型发育婴儿的脑激活。脑电图研究表明，在联合注意刺激下，婴儿大脑的额叶、中央和顶叶皮层活动模式，α波段不同步，负中枢成分振幅较大。近红外光谱研究发现，大脑的颞上沟-颞顶叶交界处和前额叶区域的激活增加。一项功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究显示，启动联合注意与大脑网络（视觉、背侧注意和默认模式网络）的功能连接之间存在相关性。相比之下，另一项研究发现左侧后颞上皮层连通性与婴儿社会沟通没有关系。研究结果强调了研究婴儿期联合注意的神经机制的重要性，以及它们作为典型和非典型发育的早期指标的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

From Breath to Brain: NICU respiratory interventions and bedside brain signal entropy predict later autism risk 从呼吸到大脑：新生儿重症监护室呼吸干预和床边脑信号熵预测后期自闭症风险

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101679

Madelyn G. Nance , Winnie R. Chang , Chad Aldridge , Jennifer Burnsed , Kevin Pelphrey , Santina Zanelli , Meghan H. Puglia

Premature infants often experience hypoxia and require prolonged ventilation, which can trigger systemic inflammation, damage the developing brain, and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Early intervention is key for ensuring optimal outcomes for those with ASD; thus emphasizing the critical importance of accurately identifying infants at risk as early as possible. Here, infants underwent electroencephalography during social (held) and nonsocial (not held) resting state conditions to assess brain signal variability, saliva collection to determine inflammation, calculation of a novel Prognostic Respiratory Intensity Scoring Metric (PRISM) to assess the burden of respiratory support, and ASD testing in toddlerhood. Higher PRISM scores were associated with increased brain signal entropy during the nonsocial resting state. However, this association was not observed in the social resting state condition – particularly for male babies. Interestingly in female infants, we saw that the relationship between brain signal entropy and PRISM scores were potentially mediated by cytokines. Notably, the interaction between nonsocial resting state brain signal entropy, sex, and PRISM scores predicted risk of developing ASD with 88 % accuracy. These non-invasive measures can identify infants at the highest risk for an ASD diagnosis before discharge.

早产儿经常经历缺氧，需要长时间通气，这可能引发全身炎症，损害正在发育的大脑，并增加自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）等神经发育障碍的风险。早期干预是确保ASD患者获得最佳结果的关键；因此，强调了尽可能早地准确识别处于危险中的婴儿的重要性。在这里，婴儿在社交（抱着）和非社交（不抱着）静息状态下进行脑电图以评估脑信号变异性，收集唾液以确定炎症，计算新型预后呼吸强度评分指标（PRISM）以评估呼吸支持负担，并在幼儿期进行ASD测试。在非社会静息状态下，较高的PRISM分数与增加的脑信号熵相关。然而，这种关联在社会静息状态条件下没有被观察到，尤其是在男婴身上。有趣的是，在女婴中，我们发现大脑信号熵和PRISM评分之间的关系可能是由细胞因子介导的。值得注意的是，非社会静息状态脑信号熵、性别和PRISM评分之间的相互作用预测发生ASD的风险，准确率为88% %。这些非侵入性措施可以在婴儿出院前识别出ASD诊断的最高风险。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of a monthly unconditional cash transfer on child brain activity: A 4-year follow-up 每月无条件现金转移对儿童大脑活动的影响：4年随访

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101673

Sonya V. Troller-Renfree , Molly A. Costanzo , Greg J. Duncan , Katherine Magnuson , Lisa A. Gennetian , Hirokazu Yoshikawa , Sarah R. Black , Debra S. Karhson , Michael K. Georgieff , Jennifer Mize Nelson , Timothy D. Nelson , Nathan A. Fox , Kimberly G. Noble

Early childhood poverty is associated with neurodevelopmental differences, but causal evidence linking income to brain development is sparse. In the present study, we examine whether four years of monthly unconditional cash transfers to mothers experiencing low income cause differences in their preschoolers’ brain activity. Shortly after giving birth, mothers were randomized to receive $333/month or $20/month for the first several years of their child’s life as a part of the Baby’s First Years study. Here we report on the impact of these cash gifts on resting brain electric activity recorded at 4 years of age as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). We find no impact on our primary preregistered outcome (an aggregated index of mid-to-high-frequency brain activity) or our secondary preregistered outcome frontal gamma power. We did find, in additional exploratory analyses that were part of our pre-registered analytic plan, that preschoolers in the high-cash gift group had higher alpha power compared to those in the low-cash gift group. There were no differences in theta, beta, or gamma power between groups. Although the primary and secondary preregistered outcomes showed no group differences our exploratory analyses provide some evidence for impacts on children’s alpha power during the preschool years, although this evidence needs further investigation and replication.

儿童早期贫困与神经发育差异有关，但将收入与大脑发育联系起来的因果证据很少。在本研究中，我们研究了四年来每月无条件现金转移给低收入母亲是否会导致其学龄前儿童大脑活动的差异。分娩后不久，母亲们被随机分配到每月333美元或每月20美元，在孩子出生后的头几年里，这是婴儿第一年研究的一部分。在这里，我们报告了这些现金礼物对4岁时用脑电图（EEG）测量的静息脑电活动的影响。我们发现对我们的主要预登记结果（中高频脑活动的综合指数）或次要预登记结果额叶伽玛功率没有影响。我们确实发现，在额外的探索性分析中，这是我们预先登记的分析计划的一部分，高现金礼物组的学龄前儿童比低现金礼物组的学龄前儿童有更高的阿尔法能力。两组之间的θ、β或γ能量没有差异。虽然主要和次要预登记结果没有显示组间差异，但我们的探索性分析提供了一些证据，证明了学龄前儿童α能力的影响，尽管这一证据需要进一步的调查和复制。

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引用次数: 0

An automated pipeline for efficiently generating standardized, child-friendly audiovisual language stimuli 一个自动化的管道，有效地产生标准化，儿童友好的视听语言刺激

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101674

Bianca Santi , Matthew Soza , Greta Tuckute , Aalok Sathe , Evelina Fedorenko , Halie Olson

Creating engaging language stimuli suitable for children can be difficult and time-consuming. To simplify and accelerate the process, we developed an automated pipeline that combines existing audio generation and animation tools to generate customizable audiovisual stimuli from text input. The pipeline consists of two components: the first uses Google Cloud Text-to-Speech to generate audio stimuli from text, and the second uses Adobe Character Animator to create video stimuli in which an animated character “speaks” the audio with speech-aligned mouth movements. We evaluated the pipeline with two stimulus sets, including an acoustic comparison between generated audio stimuli and existing human-recorded stimuli. The pipeline is efficient, taking less than 2 min to generate each audiovisual stimulus, and fewer than 9 % of stimuli needed to be regenerated. The audio generation component is particularly fast, taking less than 1 s per stimulus. By leveraging automated tools for language stimulus creation, this pipeline can facilitate developmental research on language and other domains of cognition, especially in cognitive neuroscience studies that require large numbers of stimuli.

创造适合儿童的语言刺激既困难又耗时。为了简化和加速这个过程，我们开发了一个自动化的管道，它结合了现有的音频生成和动画工具，从文本输入生成可定制的视听刺激。该管道由两个组件组成：第一个使用谷歌云文本到语音生成音频刺激文本，第二个使用Adobe字符动画器创建视频刺激，其中动画角色“说话”音频与语音对齐的嘴运动。我们用两个刺激集来评估管道，包括生成的音频刺激和现有的人类记录的刺激之间的声学比较。该管道是高效的，产生每个视听刺激的时间不到2 min，并且需要再生的刺激不到9 %。音频生成组件特别快，每个刺激不到1 s。通过利用语言刺激创建的自动化工具，该管道可以促进语言和其他认知领域的发展研究，特别是在需要大量刺激的认知神经科学研究中。

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引用次数: 0

Dimensional adversity, brain-age, & mental health: Differences in male and female adolescents 维度逆境、脑年龄和心理健康：男女青少年的差异。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101671

Michelle Shaul , Sarah Whittle , Niousha Dehestani , Timothy J. Silk , Nandita Vijayakumar

Early life adversity (ELA) has been linked to shifts in developmental pace. This study examined whether brain maturity during early adolescence was influenced by ELA, and whether it explained the relationship between ELA and mental health problems. A sample (n = 7658, 46 % female) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study was utilized, with data collected at three time points spanning 9–14 years of age. Exposure to threat, psychosocial deprivation, household instability, and socioeconomic stress were measured at baseline. A predictive model of normative brain development (brain age) trained on a large independent lifespan sample was applied to structural neuroimaging data from the second timepoint. Brain-age-gap (BAG) – the difference between model predicted brain age and chronological age – was tested as a mediator of adversity exposure and internalizing/externalizing problems at the third timepoint. A more positive BAG was associated with more externalizing problems, but hypothesized associations between adversity and BAG were not significant. Sex moderation of these pathways suggests adversity may differentially affect the pace of brain development for males and females, which uniquely explains vulnerability to externalizing problems. The findings highlight the importance of examining sex-specific effects of adversity on adolescent development and mental health.

早期生活逆境（ELA）与发育速度的变化有关。本研究探讨了青少年早期的大脑成熟度是否受到ELA的影响，以及ELA是否解释了ELA与心理健康问题的关系。样本（n = 7658,46 %女性）来自青少年大脑和认知发展（ABCD）研究，数据收集于9-14岁的三个时间点。在基线时测量威胁暴露、心理社会剥夺、家庭不稳定和社会经济压力。一个基于大型独立寿命样本的规范脑发育（脑年龄）预测模型应用于第二个时间点的结构神经成像数据。脑年龄差距(BAG) -模型预测的脑年龄与实足年龄之间的差异-在第三个时间点作为逆境暴露和内化/外化问题的中介进行了测试。更积极的BAG与更多的外化问题相关，但逆境与BAG之间的假设关联并不显著。这些通路的性别调节表明，逆境可能会对男性和女性的大脑发育速度产生不同的影响，这独特地解释了对外部性问题的脆弱性。研究结果强调了研究逆境对青少年发展和心理健康的性别特异性影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Unpredictable maternal signals and developmental profiles of child executive function from infancy to early childhood 从婴儿期到幼儿期，不可预测的母亲信号和儿童执行功能的发展概况

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101672

Fiia Takio , Pilvi Peura , Akie Yada , Anniina Karonen , Pauliina Juntunen , Eeva Holmberg , Eeva Eskola , Elisabeth Nordenswan , Kirby Deater-Deckard , Eeva-Leena Kataja , Asko Tolvanen , Laura Perasto , Elina Mainela-Arnold , Elysia Poggi Davis , Hasse Karlsson , Linnea Karlsson , Saara Nolvi , Riikka Korja

Early executive function (EF) development is crucial for later cognitive and socioemotional outcomes, yet the role of environmental unpredictability, particularly in patterns of maternal sensory signals, remains underexplored. In this longitudinal study, we investigated the associations between unpredictability in maternal sensory signals and children’s early EF profiles from infancy through the preschool years. Using a population-based birth cohort, we observed a small but significant decrease in the unpredictability of maternal sensory signals over time. This suggests that caregiving predictability may increase as children develop. Nonetheless, within-individual unpredictability showed some stability across time. Importantly, lower unpredictability of maternal sensory signals was associated with membership in more favorable EF profiles, characterized by stronger working memory performance at age five. In contrast, children exposed to more unpredictable maternal sensory signals demonstrated poorer early EF development. These findings build on and extend prior work by modeling unpredictability of maternal sensory signals longitudinally beyond toddlerhood and linking it to children's EF development, highlighting the prolonged sensitivity of EFs to caregiving behavior. Our results underscore that unpredictability in caregiving behavior is a unique and critical factor in shaping early cognitive development and self-regulation. The findings align with emerging cross-species research indicating that patterns of sensory signals are vital not only for sensory processing but also for the development of higher-order cognitive functions. Together, these findings highlight the importance of addressing caregiving unpredictability in early interventions aimed at supporting children’s EF development.

早期执行功能（EF）的发展对后来的认知和社会情感结果至关重要，但环境不可预测性的作用，特别是在母亲的感觉信号模式中，仍未得到充分研究。在这项纵向研究中，我们调查了母亲感官信号的不可预测性与儿童从婴儿期到学龄前的早期EF特征之间的关系。通过以人口为基础的出生队列，我们观察到随着时间的推移，母亲感觉信号的不可预测性出现了小而显著的下降。这表明，随着孩子的成长，照顾的可预测性可能会增加。尽管如此，个体内部的不可预测性在时间上表现出一定的稳定性。重要的是，母亲感觉信号的不可预测性较低与更有利的EF谱的成员关系有关，其特征是在五岁时具有更强的工作记忆表现。相比之下，暴露于更多不可预测的母亲感官信号的儿童表现出较差的早期EF发育。这些发现建立并扩展了先前的研究，通过对幼儿期以后母亲感觉信号的不可预测性进行纵向建模，并将其与儿童EF的发展联系起来，突出了EF对照顾行为的长期敏感性。我们的研究结果强调，护理行为的不可预测性是塑造早期认知发展和自我调节的一个独特而关键的因素。这些发现与新兴的跨物种研究一致，表明感觉信号的模式不仅对感觉处理至关重要，而且对高级认知功能的发展也至关重要。总之，这些发现强调了在旨在支持儿童EF发展的早期干预中解决照料不可预测性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Developmental organization of neural dynamics supporting social processing: Evidence from naturalistic fMRI in children and adults 支持社会加工的神经动力学的发育组织：来自儿童和成人的自然主义功能磁共振成像的证据

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101670

Wanrou Hu , Jinming Xiao , Lei Li , Weixing Zhao , Yu Feng , Xiaolong Shan , Huafu Chen , Xujun Duan

The development of social cognition underpins significant implications for diagnosing and treating neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. This study investigates the dynamic neural organization of social cognition in children (n = 60, ages 3–10) and adults (n = 55) using a naturalistic fMRI paradigm that tracks continuous brain activity during real-world social interactions. We identify four distinct co-activation patterns (CAP) that reflect a functional hierarchy, ranging from basic sensory processing to complex social-cognitive integration. These brain state dynamics reveal significant developmental differences: children exhibit immature transitions, often bypassing intermediate states (e.g., salience-driven filtering, State 3) and prematurely shifting from early sensory encoding (State 1) to internally-directed integration (State 2). Moreover, during mentalizing and pain events, children show reduced modulation of sensory and perceptual brain states, indicating limited cognitive flexibility that is essential for social interaction. Structural equation modeling reveals a developmental cascade linking the maturation of sensory (State 1), perceptual filtering (State 3), and social-cognitive (State 2) processing states. This pathway is mediated by individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM) development and further predicts empathic abilities. These findings advance our understanding of how brain state reorganization supports social cognitive maturation and offer new insights into neurodevelopmental disorders.

社会认知的发展对自闭症谱系障碍等神经发育障碍的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。本研究利用自然主义功能磁共振成像（n = ）范式，追踪现实世界社会互动过程中持续的大脑活动，研究了儿童（n = 60，年龄3-10岁）和成人（n = 55）社会认知的动态神经组织。我们确定了四种不同的共激活模式（CAP），反映了一个功能层次，从基本的感觉加工到复杂的社会认知整合。这些大脑状态动态揭示了显著的发育差异：儿童表现出不成熟的过渡，经常绕过中间状态（例如，显著性驱动的过滤，状态3），过早地从早期感觉编码（状态1）转变为内部导向的整合（状态2）。此外，在心智化和疼痛事件中，儿童表现出减少的感觉和知觉大脑状态调节，表明有限的认知灵活性是社会互动所必需的。结构方程模型揭示了一个连接感官（状态1）、知觉过滤（状态3）和社会认知（状态2）加工状态的发育级联。这一途径受心智理论（ToM）发展的个体差异所介导，并进一步预测共情能力。这些发现促进了我们对大脑状态重组如何支持社会认知成熟的理解，并为神经发育障碍提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0