Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献_第6页

Intergenerational neuroimaging’s present and future: Considering sex as a biological variable to enhance knowledge of brain development through parent–offspring similarity 代际神经成像的现在和未来：考虑性别作为一个生物学变量，通过亲子相似性来增强对大脑发育的认识。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101635

Izumi Matsudaira , Ryo Yamaguchi

Intergenerational neuroimaging, which is used to investigate brain similarities between parent–offspring dyads, promises to elucidate the neural substrates of intergenerational transmission. However, merely identifying similar brain regions or networks between parents and offspring is not sufficient to reveal the mechanisms underlying this transmission. To understand these mechanisms, it is necessary to consider the potential contributions of shared genetic and environmental factors to the development of brain features that are similar between parents and offspring. Sex as a biological variable (SABV), a key factor in intergenerational neuroimaging, provides crucial insights into brain development. Although sex-based differences in brain developmental trajectories have been investigated, the role of SABV in parent–offspring brain similarity has been overlooked. In this narrative review, we summarize the key findings of previous intergenerational neuroimaging studies, grouping them into three categories based on study design: studies of mother–offspring dyads, studies combining fathers and mothers, and studies distinguishing between father–offspring and mother–offspring dyads. Furthermore, we highlight the genetic and environmental factors that may underlie sex-specific parent–offspring brain similarities. Finally, we propose further considerations to clarify the significance of parent–offspring brain similarity in human brain development. Advancements in intergenerational neuroimaging may shed light on mechanisms by which mental health risk is transmitted across generations, potentially providing opportunities for more effective prevention, stratification, and treatment.

代际神经成像，用于研究父母-后代之间的大脑相似性，有望阐明代际传递的神经基础。然而，仅仅确定父母和后代之间相似的大脑区域或网络不足以揭示这种传递的机制。为了理解这些机制，有必要考虑共同的遗传和环境因素对父母和后代之间相似的大脑特征发育的潜在贡献。性别作为生物变量（SABV）是代际神经成像的一个关键因素，为大脑发育提供了重要的见解。虽然已经研究了大脑发育轨迹的性别差异，但SABV在亲子大脑相似性中的作用一直被忽视。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们总结了以往代际神经影像学研究的主要发现，并根据研究设计将它们分为三类：母亲-后代的研究，父亲和母亲结合的研究，以及区分父亲-后代和母亲-后代的研究。此外，我们强调遗传和环境因素可能是性别特异性的父母-后代大脑相似性的基础。最后，我们提出进一步的考虑，以阐明亲子大脑相似性在人类大脑发育中的意义。代际神经影像学的进步可能会揭示精神健康风险跨代传递的机制，可能为更有效的预防、分层和治疗提供机会。

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引用次数: 0

Tracking functional brain networks in preterm and term infants using precision mapping 使用精确映射追踪早产儿和足月儿的脑功能网络。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101629

Diego Derman, Silvina L. Ferradal

Preterm birth is a known risk factor for neurodevelopmental disabilities, but early neurobehavioral assessments and structural imaging often fail to predict long-term outcomes. This limitation underscores the need for alternative biomarkers that reflect early brain organization. Resting-state functional connectivity offers a powerful tool to track functional brain organization by characterizing resting-state networks (RSNs), potentially offering more sensitive biomarkers. However, most fMRI studies in infant populations use group-level analyses that average subject-specific data across several weeks of development, reducing sensitivity to subtle, time-sensitive deviations from typical brain trajectories, particularly in higher-order association networks. Using a recently introduced precision mapping approach, we estimated individual resting-state networks (RSNs) in a large cohort of term and preterm neonates from the developing Human Connectome Project. RSN connectivity strength increased linearly with age at scan, with primary sensory networks maturing earlier and higher-order association networks, including the default mode network (DMN), showing more gradual but pronounced changes, evolving from an immature organization in preterm infants to a more adult-like pattern in term-born infants. Longitudinal data from a subset of preterm infants confirmed ongoing network development shortly after birth. Despite this maturation, preterm infants did not reach the connectivity levels of term-born infants by term-equivalent age. These findings demonstrate that individualized RSN mapping captures heterogeneous developmental trajectories in the neonatal brain and highlights higher-order association networks, particularly the DMN, as promising early markers for monitoring neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates.

早产是已知的神经发育障碍的危险因素，但早期的神经行为评估和结构成像往往不能预测长期结果。这一限制强调了对反映早期大脑组织的替代生物标志物的需求。静息状态功能连接提供了一个强大的工具，通过表征静息状态网络（rsn）来跟踪功能性大脑组织，可能提供更敏感的生物标志物。然而，大多数针对婴儿群体的fMRI研究使用的是群体水平的分析，即在几个星期的发育过程中平均受试者特定数据，从而降低了对典型大脑轨迹的细微、时间敏感偏差的敏感性，特别是在高阶关联网络中。使用最近引入的精确映射方法，我们估计了来自发展中的人类连接组计划的大量足月和早产儿的个体静息状态网络（rsn）。RSN连通性强度随扫描年龄的增长呈线性增长，初级感觉网络成熟得更早，高阶关联网络（包括默认模式网络（DMN））的变化更缓慢但明显，从早产儿的不成熟组织演变为足月婴儿的更像成年人的模式。来自一组早产儿的纵向数据证实，出生后不久，网络就在持续发展。尽管这种成熟，早产儿没有达到足月等龄足月婴儿的连通性水平。这些发现表明，个性化的RSN图谱捕获了新生儿大脑的异质发育轨迹，并突出了高阶关联网络，特别是DMN，作为监测新生儿神经发育结果的有希望的早期标记。

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引用次数: 0

Meaningful Associations Redux: Quantifying and interpreting effect size in the context of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study 意义关联Redux：量化和解释青少年大脑和认知发展研究背景下的效应大小。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101630

Anthony Steven Dick , Jonathan S. Comer , Mohammadreza Bayat , Marilyn Curtis , Timothy Hayes , Shannon M. Pruden , Samuel W. Hawes , Raul Gonzalez , Angela R. Laird , Paulo A. Graziano

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study represents a pioneering initiative that aims to unravel the complexities of behavioral and neural development in youth. In this paper, we address the challenges inherent in extracting meaningful insights from the extensive data compiled by the ABCD initiative. Our focus is on advocating for best practices in reproducible research, interpretation of effect size, and reporting of principled results. Central to this discourse is a detailed examination of effect sizes within the expansive ABCD dataset, and how they can be meaningfully interpreted in the context of large-scale research. We describe the hurdles associated with transitioning from conventional small-sample studies to the opportunities and challenges of large samples, including the phenomenon of statistically significant but practically trivial effects. To promote transparent and rigorous inference, we present a four-part framework to evaluate observed effects: researchers should define a smallest effect size of interest (SESOI), compare estimates to relevant benchmarks, test whether observed effects exceed meaningful thresholds (e.g., through equivalence testing), and visualize results to enhance interpretation and communication. Applying this framework yields a clearer, more cumulative understanding of effect size interpretation and contributes substantively to the refinement of scientific practices within adolescent brain and cognitive development research.

青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究代表了一项开创性的倡议，旨在揭示青少年行为和神经发展的复杂性。在本文中，我们解决了从ABCD计划编制的大量数据中提取有意义的见解所固有的挑战。我们的重点是倡导可重复研究的最佳实践，解释效应大小，并报告原则性结果。本文的核心内容是对广泛的ABCD数据集中的效应大小进行详细检查，以及如何在大规模研究的背景下对它们进行有意义的解释。我们描述了从传统的小样本研究过渡到大样本的机遇和挑战所带来的障碍，包括统计上显着但实际上微不足道的影响现象。为了促进透明和严格的推断，我们提出了一个由四部分组成的框架来评估观察到的效应：研究人员应该定义兴趣最小效应大小（SESOI），将估计与相关基准进行比较，测试观察到的效应是否超过有意义的阈值（例如，通过等效检验），并将结果可视化以加强解释和交流。应用这一框架可以更清晰、更累积地理解效应大小的解释，并对改进青少年大脑和认知发展研究中的科学实践做出实质性贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Working memory-related brain activations and deactivations linked with adolescent substance use via alexithymia 通过述情障碍与青少年物质使用相关的工作记忆相关的大脑激活和失活。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101634

Benjelene D. Sutherland , Lauren D. Hill-Bowen , Elisa M. Trucco , Angela R. Laird , Matthew T. Sutherland

Introduction

Adolescent substance use (SU) rates remain high, speaking to continued need for enhanced insight into etiological factors. While working memory-related task performance and brain activity have been highlighted as potential predictors, mechanistic links to SU remain unclear. One possible link explored here is alexithymia, which is characterized by difficulty describing, identifying, and recognizing emotions and associated with altered prefrontal cortex (PFC) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) activity.

Methods

Adolescents (n = 137) from a longitudinal study completed a n-back working memory (WM) task during fMRI scanning at baseline. Utilizing serial mediation models, we considered the interrelations between WM-related brain activity (i.e., lateral PFC [lPFC], STG), task performance (i.e., d-prime), Toronto Alexithymia Scale scores (i.e., difficulty describing feelings), and self-reported SU variables at follow-up. Six models estimated the influence of lPFC/STG activity on e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol use via task performance and alexithymia.

Results

In the absence of serial mediation, we observed a simple mediation effect linking brain activity and SU via alexithymia. Specifically, less lPFC WM-related activation was linked with higher alexithymia which, in turn, predicted more e-cigarette use assessed over a year later. Conversely, less STG deactivation was linked with higher alexithymia, which predicted more e-cigarette use. Significant indirect effects were not detected in the cannabis or alcohol models.

Conclusions

These outcomes highlight alexithymia as a mechanistic link between WM abilities and e-cigarette use. Functional alterations in WM-related brain regions may render some adolescents prone to difficulty communicating feelings and potential nicotine use to modulate emotions or connect socially.

青少年物质使用（SU）率仍然很高，说明继续需要加强对病因因素的了解。虽然与工作记忆相关的任务表现和大脑活动已被强调为潜在的预测因素，但与SU的机制联系仍不清楚。本文探讨的一个可能的联系是述情障碍，其特征是难以描述、识别和识别情绪，并与前额叶皮层（PFC）和颞上回（STG）活动的改变有关。方法：来自纵向研究的青少年（n = 137）在基线fMRI扫描期间完成了n-back工作记忆（WM）任务。利用串行中介模型，我们考虑了wm相关的大脑活动（即侧PFC， STG），任务表现（即d-prime），多伦多述情量表得分（即描述感觉的难度）和自我报告的SU变量之间的相互关系。六个模型通过任务表现和述情障碍估计了lPFC/STG活动对电子烟、大麻和酒精使用的影响。结果：在没有串行中介的情况下，我们观察到通过述情障碍将脑活动与SU联系起来的简单中介效应。具体来说，lPFC wm相关激活的减少与述情障碍的增加有关，而述情障碍反过来又预示着一年后评估的电子烟使用的增加。相反，较少的STG失活与较高的述情障碍有关，这预示着更多的电子烟使用。在大麻或酒精模型中未发现显著的间接影响。结论：这些结果强调述情障碍是WM能力和电子烟使用之间的机制联系。脑白质相关区域的功能改变可能导致一些青少年容易出现情感交流困难，并可能使用尼古丁来调节情绪或社交联系。

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引用次数: 0

Linking reinforcement learning, working memory, and choice dynamics to age and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescence 将强化学习、工作记忆和选择动态与年龄和青春期焦虑和抑郁症状联系起来。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101626

Erik R. Frogner , Andreas Dahl , Rikka Kjelkenes , Torgeir Moberget , Anne G.E. Collins , Lars T. Westlye , Mads L. Pedersen

Adolescence is a sensitive period characterized by significant neurocognitive development, with important implications for learning and decision-making. Working memory and reinforcement learning are essential for decision making and real-life dynamic adaptation to the environment and are often affected in individuals with anxiety and depression. Using a cognitive computational approach, we investigated associations between working memory, reinforcement learning, age, and symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression in 193 adolescents aged 12–24 years. Participants completed the Reinforcement Learning Working Memory (RLWM) task. To gain insight into the dynamics underlying instrumental learning behavior, we employed a computational model that combines the RLWM model with a Linear Ballistic Accumulator (RLWM-LBA), to quantify processes related to working memory and reinforcement learning, as well as choice dynamics underlying reaction times. We observed an age-related increase in task performance, but no differences depending on symptoms. Bayesian regression models revealed strong evidence for an association between age and the start point variability parameter of the LBA module, suggesting reduced choice stochasticity in older adolescents. In line with the behavioral findings, we found anecdotal to moderate evidence for no associations between RLWM-LBA parameters and symptom sum scores. Lastly, we trained regression models testing the utility of RLWM-LBA parameters for predicting age and symptom burden, yielding poor predictive performance. This study highlights differences in choice dynamics underlying age-related improvements in instrumental learning, while finding that cognitive differences identified in case-control studies did not generalize to symptom variation in this sample from the general adolescent population.

青春期是神经认知发育的敏感时期，对学习和决策具有重要意义。工作记忆和强化学习对于决策和现实生活中对环境的动态适应至关重要，并且经常受到焦虑和抑郁个体的影响。使用认知计算方法，我们调查了193名12-24岁青少年的工作记忆、强化学习、年龄和广泛性焦虑和抑郁症状之间的关系。参与者完成了强化学习工作记忆（RLWM）任务。为了深入了解工具学习行为背后的动态，我们采用了一个将RLWM模型与线性弹道累加器（RLWM- lba）相结合的计算模型，来量化与工作记忆和强化学习相关的过程，以及反应时间背后的选择动态。我们观察到与年龄相关的任务表现增加，但没有取决于症状的差异。贝叶斯回归模型显示，年龄与LBA模块的起始点变异性参数之间存在关联，表明年龄较大的青少年的选择随机性降低。与行为学研究结果一致，我们发现RLWM-LBA参数与症状总和评分之间没有关联的轶事到中等证据。最后，我们训练回归模型来测试RLWM-LBA参数在预测年龄和症状负担方面的效用，但预测效果不佳。本研究强调了器乐学习中与年龄相关的进步背后的选择动力差异，同时发现在病例对照研究中发现的认知差异并没有推广到来自一般青少年人群的样本的症状变化。

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引用次数: 0

Causal dynamics of memory circuits in mathematical development from childhood to adulthood 从童年到成年数学发展中记忆回路的因果动力学。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101628

Ruizhe Liu , Hyesang Chang , Yuan Zhang , Vinod Menon

Mathematical cognition engages a distributed brain network, but the causal dynamics of information flow within it, particularly how memory circuits interact with other brain regions across development, remain unknown. We examined causal dynamic interactions in typically developing children and adolescents/young adults (AYA) using fMRI during three tasks involving mental arithmetic and symbolic and non-symbolic number comparison. Using multivariate dynamic state-space identification modeling, we found that causal dynamic interactions differed between children and AYA across all three tasks, especially during arithmetic processing. The left medial temporal lobe (MTL) served as a causal signaling hub in AYA across all three tasks, but not in children. The left angular gyrus (AG) maintained consistent hub-like properties during arithmetic task across development. Compared to AYA, children exhibited heightened causal interactions in both the MTL and AG. Moreover, network hub properties of these regions correlated with individual’s mathematical achievement specifically during arithmetic processing. Together, we found that the MTL transitioned from heightened, context-dependent, interactions in childhood to a stable causal hub in adulthood, while the AG maintained as a hub during arithmetic processing across development. This dissociation between memory systems, coupled with their task-specific relationship to mathematical abilities, provides novel insights into how brain networks mature to support mathematical cognition.

数学认知涉及到一个分布式的大脑网络，但其中信息流的因果动态，特别是记忆回路在发展过程中如何与其他大脑区域相互作用，仍然未知。本研究利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了正常发育儿童和青少年/年轻人（AYA）在心算、符号和非符号数字比较三个任务中的因果动态相互作用。使用多元动态状态空间识别模型，我们发现儿童和人工智能之间的因果动态交互在所有三个任务中都存在差异，特别是在算术处理过程中。左侧内侧颞叶（MTL）在所有三个任务中都是AYA的因果信号中枢，但在儿童中不是。在整个发育过程中，左角脑回（AG）在算术任务中保持一致的中心状性质。与AYA相比，儿童在MTL和AG中表现出更高的因果相互作用。此外，这些区域的网络集线器特性与个体在算术处理过程中的数学成绩有显著的相关性。总之，我们发现MTL从童年时期高度的、情境依赖的相互作用转变为成年期稳定的因果中心，而AG在整个发展过程中仍然是算术处理的中心。这种记忆系统之间的分离，加上它们与数学能力的特定任务关系，为大脑网络如何成熟到支持数学认知提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Brain functional connectivity, but not neuroanatomy, captures the interrelationship between sex and gender in preadolescents 大脑功能连接，而不是神经解剖学，捕捉了青春期前的性和性别之间的相互关系。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101624

Athanasia Metoki , Roselyne J. Chauvin , Evan M. Gordon , Timothy O. Laumann , Benjamin P. Kay , Babatunde Adeyemo , Samuel R. Krimmel , Scott Marek , Anxu Wang , Andrew N. Van , Noah J. Baden , Vahdeta Suljic , Kristen M. Scheidter , Julia Monk , Forrest I. Whiting , Nadeshka J. Ramirez-Perez , Deanna M. Barch , Aristeidis Sotiras , Nico U.F. Dosenbach

Understanding sex differences in the adolescent brain is crucial, as they relate to sex-specific neurological and psychiatric conditions. Predicting sex from adolescent brain data may reveal how these differences influence neurodevelopment. Recently, attention has shifted toward socially-identified gender (distinct from sex assigned at birth) recognizing its explanatory power. This study evaluates whether resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), cortical thickness, or cortical volume better predicts sex and sex/gender alignment (congruence between sex and gender) in preadolescents. Using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study data and machine learning, rsFC predicted sex more accurately (85 %) than cortical thickness (76 %) and cortical volume (70 %). Brain regions most predictive of sex belonged to association (default mode, dorsal attention, parietal memory) and visual networks. The rsFC classifier trained on sex/gender aligned youth classified more accurately unseen youth with sex/gender alignment (n = 2013) than unalignment (n = 1116). The female rsFC sex profile was positively associated with sex/gender alignment, while in males, there was a negative association. However, neither brain modality predicted sex/gender alignment. These findings suggest that while rsFC predicts sex in the adolescent brain more accurately, it does not directly capture sex/gender alignment, underscoring the need for further investigation into the neural underpinnings of gender.

了解青少年大脑中的性别差异是至关重要的，因为它们与性别特异性的神经和精神疾病有关。从青少年大脑数据预测性别可能揭示这些差异是如何影响神经发育的。最近，人们的注意力转向了社会认同的性别（不同于出生时的性别），认识到它的解释力。本研究评估静息状态功能连接（rsFC）、皮质厚度或皮质体积是否能更好地预测青春期前的性别和性别/性别一致性（性别与性别之间的一致性）。利用青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究数据和机器学习，rsFC预测性别的准确性（85 %）高于皮质厚度（76 %）和皮质体积（70 %）。最能预测性别的大脑区域属于联想（默认模式、背侧注意、顶叶记忆）和视觉网络。在性别/性别一致的青少年上训练的rsFC分类器对未见过的性别/性别一致的青少年（n = 2013）的分类比未见过的青少年（n = 1116）更准确。女性rsFC性别特征与性别/性别一致性呈正相关，而男性则呈负相关。然而，这两种大脑模式都无法预测性别/性别一致性。这些发现表明，虽然rsFC能更准确地预测青少年大脑中的性别，但它并不能直接捕捉到性别/性别的一致性，这强调了对性别的神经基础进行进一步研究的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Racial/ethnic discrimination shapes adolescent brain connectivity: Social buffers and implications for executive function 种族/民族歧视塑造青少年大脑连通性：社会缓冲和对执行功能的影响。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101625

Natasha Duell , Gabriella M. Alvarez , Eva H. Telzer , Keely A. Muscatell

Racial and ethnic discrimination has lasting consequences for adolescent functioning, yet its impact on adolescent brain development is relatively understudied. Identifying the neural circuits affected by discrimination can reveal key insights into brain plasticity and resilience. This pre-registered, multi-method study examined the longitudinal effect of racial/ethnic discrimination on one indicator of executive function via resting state functional connectivity among 4669 adolescents of color (e.g., 44 % Latinx, 43 % Black, 13 % Asian, 8 % Native American) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. Further, we explored familism and school support as social-environmental buffers. Greater discrimination impeded adolescents’ performance on the Flanker test of selective attention and inhibitory control via longitudinal effects on connectivity between the attention networks, specifically among youth evincing low familism. Among adolescents reporting low school support, greater discrimination was associated with heightened dorsal attention—salience network connectivity. Findings offer initial evidence for the neurobiological processes impacted by discrimination and social-environmental strengths that may “break the link” between discrimination and brain function.

种族和民族歧视对青少年的功能有持久的影响，但对其对青少年大脑发育的影响的研究相对较少。识别受歧视影响的神经回路可以揭示大脑可塑性和弹性的关键见解。这项预先注册的多方法研究通过静息状态功能连接，考察了种族/民族歧视对执行功能指标的纵向影响，研究对象为4669名有色人种青少年（例如，44% %拉丁裔，43% %黑人，13% %亚洲人，8% %美洲原住民）。此外，我们探讨了家庭主义和学校支持作为社会环境缓冲。更大的歧视通过对注意网络之间连通性的纵向影响，阻碍了青少年在选择性注意和抑制性控制的Flanker测试中的表现，特别是在低家族主义的青少年中。在报告学校支持度低的青少年中，更大的歧视与更高的背侧注意-显着网络连通性有关。研究结果为受歧视和社会环境优势影响的神经生物学过程提供了初步证据，这些神经生物学过程可能“打破”歧视与大脑功能之间的联系。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding barriers to adolescent participation in developmental neuroscience research 了解青少年参与发育神经科学研究的障碍。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101623

Emma Renwick , Kristabel Stark , Emily Tan , Jenna Gonzalez , Alexis Brieant

Increasing representation of youth in developmental neuroscience research is essential to elucidating neurobiological mechanisms of cognition, behavior, and mental health. However, the field faces critical challenges in optimizing recruitment strategies and reducing barriers to participation among underrepresented populations. To examine these challenges and identify solutions, we employed a qualitative approach to assess barriers to research participation among a sample of adolescents. Data were drawn from semi-structured online focus groups with adolescents in a rural area of the United States. The sample included 20 participants (ages 13–18 years, 65 % female). A subset of questions addressed interest in research participation and potential barriers, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results indicated five key themes: transportation, time, safety, caregiver involvement, and other barriers. Many participants highlighted their reliance on caregivers for transportation, as well as concerns about the overall time commitment of research participation. Misconceptions about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contributed to adolescents' hesitancy to participate. Many of these barriers are relevant across research settings, but may be especially salient for youth in rural communities, a population often underrepresented in developmental neuroscience research. Based on the data, we offer potential solutions such as community outreach and education, fair compensation, and community-based partnerships.

在发育神经科学研究中增加年轻人的代表性对于阐明认知、行为和心理健康的神经生物学机制至关重要。然而，该领域在优化招聘策略和减少代表性不足人群参与的障碍方面面临着严峻挑战。为了检查这些挑战并确定解决方案，我们采用定性方法评估青少年样本中参与研究的障碍。数据来自美国农村地区青少年的半结构化在线焦点小组。样本包括20名参与者（年龄13-18岁，65% %女性）。一部分问题涉及对研究参与的兴趣和潜在障碍，数据使用专题分析进行分析。结果显示了五个关键主题：交通、时间、安全、护理人员参与和其他障碍。许多参与者强调了他们对照顾者的交通依赖，以及对参与研究的总体时间承诺的担忧。对磁共振成像（MRI）的误解导致青少年对参与的犹豫。这些障碍中的许多都与研究环境相关，但对于农村社区的年轻人来说可能尤其突出，而农村社区的年轻人在发育神经科学研究中往往代表性不足。根据这些数据，我们提出了潜在的解决方案，如社区外展和教育、公平补偿和基于社区的伙伴关系。

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引用次数: 0

Growing minds, integrating senses: Neural and computational insights into age-related changes in audio-visual and tactile-visual learning in children 心智成长，感官整合：儿童视听和触觉-视觉学习中与年龄相关的变化的神经和计算见解。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101622

Nina Raduner , Carmen Providoli , Sarah V. Di Pietro , Maya Schneebeli , Iliana I. Karipidis , Ella Casimiro , Saurabh Bedi , Michael von Rhein , Nora M. Raschle , Christian C. Ruff , Silvia Brem

Multisensory processing and learning shape cognitive and language development, influencing how we perceive and interact with the world from an early age. While multisensory processes mature into adolescence, it remains poorly understood how age influences multisensory associative learning. This study investigated age-related effects on multisensory processing and learning during audio-visual and tactile-visual learning in 67 children (5.7–13 years) by integrating behavioural and neuroimaging data with computational methods. A reinforcement-learning drift diffusion model revealed that older children processed information faster and made more efficient decisions on multisensory associations. These age-related increases coincided with higher activity in brain regions associated with cognitive control, multisensory integration, and memory retrieval, specifically during audio-visual learning. Notably, the bilateral anterior insula exhibited heightened activation in response to lower reward prediction errors, indicative of increased sensitivity to negative feedback with development. Finally, reward prediction errors modulated activation in reward processing and cognitive control regions, with this modulation remaining modality-independent and largely stable across age. In conclusion, while children employ similar learning strategies, older children make decisions more efficiently and engage neural resources more strongly. Our findings reflect ongoing maturation of neural networks supporting multisensory learning in middle childhood, enabling more adaptive learning in later childhood.

多感官处理和学习塑造了认知和语言的发展，影响着我们从小就如何感知和与世界互动。虽然多感觉过程在青春期成熟，但人们对年龄如何影响多感觉联想学习仍然知之甚少。本研究以67名儿童（5.7-13岁）为研究对象，通过行为学和神经影像学数据与计算方法相结合，研究了年龄对视听和触觉视觉学习过程中多感觉加工和学习的影响。强化学习漂移扩散模型显示，年龄较大的儿童处理信息的速度更快，在多感官关联上做出更有效的决定。这些与年龄相关的增长与大脑中与认知控制、多感觉整合和记忆检索相关的区域的活动增加相吻合，特别是在视听学习期间。值得注意的是，对于较低的奖励预测误差，双侧前脑岛表现出更高的激活，这表明随着发育，对负反馈的敏感性增加。最后，奖励预测错误调节了奖励处理和认知控制区域的激活，这种调节与模态无关，并且在年龄上基本稳定。总之，当孩子们采用类似的学习策略时，年龄较大的孩子做出决定更有效，更强烈地利用神经资源。我们的研究结果反映了在儿童中期支持多感官学习的神经网络的持续成熟，使儿童后期的适应性学习成为可能。

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