Background: Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), which does not meet any of the criteria for connective tissue diseases (CTD), has been attracting an attention in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). However, the biomarkers that reflect the clinical course of these patients have not been fully elucidated.
Objective: To identify useful serum biomarkers reflecting CTD-related features and favorable prognoses in patients with IIP.
Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective and multicenter cohort study between 2015 and 2020. Newly diagnosed patients with IIP were consecutively enrolled, and 74 autoimmune features and autoantibodies were comprehensively checked during IIP diagnosis. Serum levels of CXCL10, CXCL1, CCL2, BAFF, angiopoietin-2, and leptin were evaluated at the time of IIP diagnosis.
Results: Two hundred twenty-two patients (159 men and 63 women) with IIP were enrolled. The median observation duration was 36 months. The median age was 71 years old, and median %forced vital capacity (FVC) was 84.1% at the time of IIP diagnosis. The proportion of patients who met the classification criteria for IPAF was 11.7%. In patients with high serum CXCL10, changes in both %FVC and %diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide at one year were significantly higher than those in patients with low CXCL10 (p = 0.014 and p = 0.009, respectively), whereas these changes were not significant for other chemokines and cytokines. High CXCL10 levels were associated with acute/subacute onset (p < 0.001) and the diagnosis of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with organizing pneumonia overlap (p = 0.003). High CXCL10 levels were related to a higher classification of IPAF (relative risk for IPAF was 3.320, 95%CI: 1.571-7.019, p = 0.003) and lower classification of progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF; relative risk for PPF was 0.309, 95%CI: 0.100-0.953, p = 0.027) compared to those with low CXCL10. Finally, survival was higher in patients with IPF and high CXCL10 (p = 0.044), and high CXCL10 was a significant prognostic factor in multivariate Cox proportional hazards models (hazard ratio 0.368, p = 0.005).
Conclusions: High serum levels of CXCL10 are associated with CTD-related features, the favorable clinical course, and survival in patients with IIP, especially IPF.
{"title":"CXCL10 predicts autoimmune features and a favorable clinical course in patients with IIP: post hoc analysis of a prospective and multicenter cohort study.","authors":"Noriyuki Enomoto, Shogo Nakai, Shusuke Yazawa, Yasutaka Mochizuka, Atsuki Fukada, Yuko Tanaka, Hyogo Naoi, Yusuke Inoue, Hideki Yasui, Masato Karayama, Yuzo Suzuki, Hironao Hozumi, Kazuki Furuhashi, Mikio Toyoshima, Masato Kono, Shiro Imokawa, Masato Fujii, Taisuke Akamatsu, Naoki Koshimizu, Koshi Yokomura, Hiroyuki Matsuda, Yusuke Kaida, Yutaro Nakamura, Masahiro Shirai, Kazutaka Mori, Masafumi Masuda, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Naoki Inui, Hiroaki Sugiura, Hiromitsu Sumikawa, Masashi Kitani, Kazuhiro Tabata, Noriyoshi Ogawa, Takafumi Suda","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02982-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02982-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), which does not meet any of the criteria for connective tissue diseases (CTD), has been attracting an attention in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). However, the biomarkers that reflect the clinical course of these patients have not been fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify useful serum biomarkers reflecting CTD-related features and favorable prognoses in patients with IIP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective and multicenter cohort study between 2015 and 2020. Newly diagnosed patients with IIP were consecutively enrolled, and 74 autoimmune features and autoantibodies were comprehensively checked during IIP diagnosis. Serum levels of CXCL10, CXCL1, CCL2, BAFF, angiopoietin-2, and leptin were evaluated at the time of IIP diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred twenty-two patients (159 men and 63 women) with IIP were enrolled. The median observation duration was 36 months. The median age was 71 years old, and median %forced vital capacity (FVC) was 84.1% at the time of IIP diagnosis. The proportion of patients who met the classification criteria for IPAF was 11.7%. In patients with high serum CXCL10, changes in both %FVC and %diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide at one year were significantly higher than those in patients with low CXCL10 (p = 0.014 and p = 0.009, respectively), whereas these changes were not significant for other chemokines and cytokines. High CXCL10 levels were associated with acute/subacute onset (p < 0.001) and the diagnosis of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with organizing pneumonia overlap (p = 0.003). High CXCL10 levels were related to a higher classification of IPAF (relative risk for IPAF was 3.320, 95%CI: 1.571-7.019, p = 0.003) and lower classification of progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF; relative risk for PPF was 0.309, 95%CI: 0.100-0.953, p = 0.027) compared to those with low CXCL10. Finally, survival was higher in patients with IPF and high CXCL10 (p = 0.044), and high CXCL10 was a significant prognostic factor in multivariate Cox proportional hazards models (hazard ratio 0.368, p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High serum levels of CXCL10 are associated with CTD-related features, the favorable clinical course, and survival in patients with IIP, especially IPF.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"346"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: As one of the most common traffic-related pollutants, diesel exhaust (DE) confers high risk for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, its impact on pulmonary vessels is still unclear.
Methods: To explore the effects of DE exposure on pulmonary vascular remodeling, our study analyzed the number and volume of small pulmonary vessels in the diesel engine testers (the DET group) from Luoyang Diesel Engine Factory and the controls (the non-DET group) from the local water company, using spirometry and carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum. And then we constructed a rat model of chronic DE exposure, in which 12 rats were divided into the DE group (6 rats with 16-week DE exposure) and the control group (6 rats with 16-week clean air exposure). During right heart catheterization, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was assessed by manometry. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Histopathological analysis for cardiovascular remodeling was also performed.
Results: In DET cohort, the number and volume of small pulmonary vessels in CT were positively correlated with CCAM in sputum (P<0.05). Rat model revealed that chronic DE-exposed rats had elevated RVSP, along with increased wall thickness of pulmonary small vessels and right the ventricle. What's more, the MIF levels in BALF and lung tissues were higher in DE-exposed rats than the controls.
Conclusion: Apart from airway remodeling, DE also induces pulmonary vascular remodeling, which will lead to cardiopulmonary dysfunction.
背景:作为最常见的交通相关污染物之一,柴油废气(DE)具有引发心血管和呼吸系统疾病的高风险。然而,其对肺血管的影响仍不清楚:为了探讨柴油机废气暴露对肺血管重塑的影响,我们的研究利用肺活量测定法和痰液中的气道巨噬细胞含碳量(CCAM)分析了洛阳柴油机厂的柴油机测试者(DET组)和当地自来水公司的对照组(非DET组)的肺小血管数量和体积。然后,我们建立了慢性 DE 暴露大鼠模型,将 12 只大鼠分为 DE 组(6 只接触 DE 16 周)和对照组(6 只接触清洁空气 16 周)。在右心导管检查过程中,通过测压法评估了右心室收缩压(RVSP)。肺组织和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)分别通过 qRT-PCR 和 ELISA 方法进行测定。此外,还对心血管重塑进行了组织病理学分析:结果:在 DET 队列中,CT 中肺部小血管的数量和体积与痰中的 CCAM 呈正相关:除气道重塑外,DE 还会诱发肺血管重塑,从而导致心肺功能障碍。
{"title":"Chronic diesel exhaust exposure induced pulmonary vascular remodeling a potential trajectory for traffic related pulmonary hypertension.","authors":"Chaohui Mu, Qinghai Li, Yong Niu, Ting Hu, Yanting Li, Tao Wang, Xinjuan Yu, Yiqiao Lv, Huiling Tang, Jing Jiang, Haibin Xu, Yuxin Zheng, Wei Han","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02976-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02976-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As one of the most common traffic-related pollutants, diesel exhaust (DE) confers high risk for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, its impact on pulmonary vessels is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To explore the effects of DE exposure on pulmonary vascular remodeling, our study analyzed the number and volume of small pulmonary vessels in the diesel engine testers (the DET group) from Luoyang Diesel Engine Factory and the controls (the non-DET group) from the local water company, using spirometry and carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum. And then we constructed a rat model of chronic DE exposure, in which 12 rats were divided into the DE group (6 rats with 16-week DE exposure) and the control group (6 rats with 16-week clean air exposure). During right heart catheterization, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was assessed by manometry. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Histopathological analysis for cardiovascular remodeling was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In DET cohort, the number and volume of small pulmonary vessels in CT were positively correlated with CCAM in sputum (P<0.05). Rat model revealed that chronic DE-exposed rats had elevated RVSP, along with increased wall thickness of pulmonary small vessels and right the ventricle. What's more, the MIF levels in BALF and lung tissues were higher in DE-exposed rats than the controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Apart from airway remodeling, DE also induces pulmonary vascular remodeling, which will lead to cardiopulmonary dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"348"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02975-z
Xinyue Yang, Jiajia Li, Yan Ma, Xiang Dong, Jinquan Qu, Feixing Liang, Jiangwei Liu
Background: Exposure to a hypobaric hypoxic environment at high altitudes can lead to lung injury. In this study, we aimed to determine whether curcumin (Cur) could improve lung barrier function and protect against high-altitude-associated acute lung injury.
Methods: Two hundred healthy rats were randomly divided into standard control, high-altitude control (HC), salidroside (40 mg/kg, positive control), and Cur (200 mg/kg) groups. Each group was further divided into five subgroups. Basic vital signs, lung injury histopathology, routine blood parameters, plasma lactate level, and arterial blood gas indicators were evaluated. Protein and inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined using the bicinchoninic acid method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Inflammation-related and lung barrier function-related proteins were analyzed using immunoblotting.
Results: Cur improved blood routine indicators such as hemoglobin and hematocrit and reduced the BALF protein content and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels compared with those in the HC group. It increased IL-10 levels and reduced pulmonary capillary congestion, alveolar hemorrhage, and the degree of pulmonary interstitial edema. It increased oxygen partial pressure, oxygen saturation, carbonic acid hydrogen radical, and base excess levels, and the expression of zonula occludens 1, occludin, claudin-4, and reduced carbon dioxide partial pressure, plasma lactic acid, and the expression of phospho-nuclear factor kappa.
Conclusions: Exposure to a high-altitude environment for 48 h resulted in severe lung injury in rats. Cur improved lung barrier function and alleviated acute lung injury in rats at high altitudes.
{"title":"Curcumin-mediated enhancement of lung barrier function in rats with high-altitude-associated acute lung injury via inhibition of inflammatory response.","authors":"Xinyue Yang, Jiajia Li, Yan Ma, Xiang Dong, Jinquan Qu, Feixing Liang, Jiangwei Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02975-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02975-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to a hypobaric hypoxic environment at high altitudes can lead to lung injury. In this study, we aimed to determine whether curcumin (Cur) could improve lung barrier function and protect against high-altitude-associated acute lung injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred healthy rats were randomly divided into standard control, high-altitude control (HC), salidroside (40 mg/kg, positive control), and Cur (200 mg/kg) groups. Each group was further divided into five subgroups. Basic vital signs, lung injury histopathology, routine blood parameters, plasma lactate level, and arterial blood gas indicators were evaluated. Protein and inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined using the bicinchoninic acid method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Inflammation-related and lung barrier function-related proteins were analyzed using immunoblotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cur improved blood routine indicators such as hemoglobin and hematocrit and reduced the BALF protein content and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels compared with those in the HC group. It increased IL-10 levels and reduced pulmonary capillary congestion, alveolar hemorrhage, and the degree of pulmonary interstitial edema. It increased oxygen partial pressure, oxygen saturation, carbonic acid hydrogen radical, and base excess levels, and the expression of zonula occludens 1, occludin, claudin-4, and reduced carbon dioxide partial pressure, plasma lactic acid, and the expression of phospho-nuclear factor kappa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exposure to a high-altitude environment for 48 h resulted in severe lung injury in rats. Cur improved lung barrier function and alleviated acute lung injury in rats at high altitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02979-9
Giacomo Sgalla, Jacopo Simonetti, Arianna Di Bartolomeo, Tonia Magrì, Bruno Iovene, Giuliana Pasciuto, Ruben Dell'Ariccia, Francesco Varone, Alessia Comes, Paolo Maria Leone, Venere Piluso, Alessandro Perrotta, Giuseppe Cicchetti, Diana Verdirosi, Luca Richeldi
Background: Although crackles on chest auscultation represent a fundamental component of the diagnostic suspect for fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), their reliability has not been properly studied. We assessed the agreement among respiratory physicians on the presence and changes over time of audible crackles collected in a prospective longitudinal cohort of patients with fibrotic ILD.
Methods: Lung sounds were digitally recorded at baseline and after 12 months at eight anatomical sites. Nine respiratory physicians blindly assessed randomized couples of recordings obtained from the same anatomical site at different timepoints. The physicians indicated the presence of crackles in individual recordings and which recording from each couple eventually had more intense crackles. Fleiss' kappa coefficient was used to measure inter- and intra-rater agreement.
Results: Fifty-two patients, mostly with a diagnosis of IPF (n = 40, 76.9%) were prospectively enrolled between October 2019 and May 2021. The final acoustic dataset included 702 single recordings, corresponding to 351 couples of recordings from baseline and 12-months timepoints. Kappa coefficient was 0.57 (95% CI 0.55-0.58) for the presence of crackles and 0.42 (95% CI 0.41-0.43) for acoustic change. Intra-rater agreement, measured for three respiratory physicians on three repeated assessments, ranged from good to excellent for the presence of crackles (κ = 0.87, κ = 0.86, κ = 0.79), and from moderate to good for acoustic change (κ = 0.75, κ = 0.76, κ = 0.57).
Conclusions: Agreement between respiratory physicians for the presence of crackles and acoustic change was acceptable, suggesting that crackles represent a reliable acoustic finding in patients with fibrotic ILD. Their role as a lung-derived indicator of disease progression merits further studies.
{"title":"Reliability of crackles in fibrotic interstitial lung disease: a prospective, longitudinal study.","authors":"Giacomo Sgalla, Jacopo Simonetti, Arianna Di Bartolomeo, Tonia Magrì, Bruno Iovene, Giuliana Pasciuto, Ruben Dell'Ariccia, Francesco Varone, Alessia Comes, Paolo Maria Leone, Venere Piluso, Alessandro Perrotta, Giuseppe Cicchetti, Diana Verdirosi, Luca Richeldi","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02979-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02979-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although crackles on chest auscultation represent a fundamental component of the diagnostic suspect for fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), their reliability has not been properly studied. We assessed the agreement among respiratory physicians on the presence and changes over time of audible crackles collected in a prospective longitudinal cohort of patients with fibrotic ILD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lung sounds were digitally recorded at baseline and after 12 months at eight anatomical sites. Nine respiratory physicians blindly assessed randomized couples of recordings obtained from the same anatomical site at different timepoints. The physicians indicated the presence of crackles in individual recordings and which recording from each couple eventually had more intense crackles. Fleiss' kappa coefficient was used to measure inter- and intra-rater agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-two patients, mostly with a diagnosis of IPF (n = 40, 76.9%) were prospectively enrolled between October 2019 and May 2021. The final acoustic dataset included 702 single recordings, corresponding to 351 couples of recordings from baseline and 12-months timepoints. Kappa coefficient was 0.57 (95% CI 0.55-0.58) for the presence of crackles and 0.42 (95% CI 0.41-0.43) for acoustic change. Intra-rater agreement, measured for three respiratory physicians on three repeated assessments, ranged from good to excellent for the presence of crackles (κ = 0.87, κ = 0.86, κ = 0.79), and from moderate to good for acoustic change (κ = 0.75, κ = 0.76, κ = 0.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Agreement between respiratory physicians for the presence of crackles and acoustic change was acceptable, suggesting that crackles represent a reliable acoustic finding in patients with fibrotic ILD. Their role as a lung-derived indicator of disease progression merits further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"352"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02980-2
Xuefang Tao, Zhisong Xu, Hai Tian, Jingfeng He, Guowen Wang, Xuexia Tao
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widespread respiratory disease. This study examines extracellular vesicles (EVs) and proteins contained in EVs in COPD.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 40 COPD patients and 10 health controls. Cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17, were measured by ELISA. Small EVs samples were extracted from plasma and identified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot. Protein components contained in EVs were analyzed by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) to identify differential proteins. Treg-derived EV was extracted and added to isolated CD8+, Treg, and Th17 subsets to assess its effect on T-lymphocytes.
Results: ELISA revealed higher levels of all cytokines and flow cytometry suggested a higher proportion of Treg and Th17 cells in COPD patients. After identification, TMT analysis identified 207 unique protein components, including five potential COPD biomarkers: BTRC, TRIM28, CD209, NCOA3, and SSR3. Flow cytometry revealed that Treg-derived EVs inhibited differentiation into CD8+, CD4+, and Th17 cells.
Conclusion: The study shows that cytokines, T-lymphocyte subsets differences in COPD and Treg-derived EVs influence T-lymphocyte differentiation. Identified biomarkers may assist in understanding COPD pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapy. The study contributes to COPD biomarker research.
背景:慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种广泛存在的呼吸系统疾病。本研究对慢性阻塞性肺病患者的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 和 EV 中所含的蛋白质进行了研究:方法:收集 40 名慢性阻塞性肺病患者和 10 名健康对照者的血液样本。采用 ELISA 法检测细胞因子,包括 IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8 和 IL-17。从血浆中提取小的 EVs 样品,并通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、纳米颗粒追踪分析(NTA)和 Western 印迹进行鉴定。利用串联质量标签(TMT)分析了EVs中的蛋白质成分,以确定不同的蛋白质。提取Treg衍生EV并将其加入分离的CD8+、Treg和Th17亚群,以评估其对T淋巴细胞的影响:结果:酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)显示慢性阻塞性肺病患者体内所有细胞因子的水平都较高,流式细胞术显示慢性阻塞性肺病患者体内 Treg 和 Th17 细胞的比例较高。经过鉴定,TMT 分析确定了 207 种独特的蛋白质成分,其中包括五种潜在的慢性阻塞性肺病生物标志物:BTRC、TRIM28、CD209、NCOA3 和 SSR3。流式细胞术显示,Treg衍生的EV抑制了CD8+、CD4+和Th17细胞的分化:研究表明,细胞因子、慢性阻塞性肺病的 T 淋巴细胞亚群差异以及 Treg 衍生的 EVs 会影响 T 淋巴细胞的分化。确定的生物标志物可能有助于了解慢性阻塞性肺病的发病机制、预后和治疗。该研究有助于慢性阻塞性肺病生物标志物的研究。
{"title":"Differential proteins from EVs identification based on tandem mass tags analysis and effect of Treg-derived EVs on T-lymphocytes in COPD patients.","authors":"Xuefang Tao, Zhisong Xu, Hai Tian, Jingfeng He, Guowen Wang, Xuexia Tao","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02980-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02980-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widespread respiratory disease. This study examines extracellular vesicles (EVs) and proteins contained in EVs in COPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 40 COPD patients and 10 health controls. Cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17, were measured by ELISA. Small EVs samples were extracted from plasma and identified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot. Protein components contained in EVs were analyzed by Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) to identify differential proteins. Treg-derived EV was extracted and added to isolated CD8<sup>+</sup>, Treg, and Th17 subsets to assess its effect on T-lymphocytes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ELISA revealed higher levels of all cytokines and flow cytometry suggested a higher proportion of Treg and Th17 cells in COPD patients. After identification, TMT analysis identified 207 unique protein components, including five potential COPD biomarkers: BTRC, TRIM28, CD209, NCOA3, and SSR3. Flow cytometry revealed that Treg-derived EVs inhibited differentiation into CD8<sup>+</sup>, CD4<sup>+</sup>, and Th17 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study shows that cytokines, T-lymphocyte subsets differences in COPD and Treg-derived EVs influence T-lymphocyte differentiation. Identified biomarkers may assist in understanding COPD pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapy. The study contributes to COPD biomarker research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02962-4
Weitao Cao, Jia Li, Li Che, Ruixue Yang, Zehong Wu, Guoping Hu, Weifeng Zou, Zehang Zhao, Yumin Zhou, Xingtao Jiang, Tiejun Zhang, Wenguang Yin, Pixin Ran
Background: In recent years, e-cigarettes have been used as alternatives among adult smokers. However, the impact of e-cigarette use on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells remains controversial.
Methods: We collected primary HBE cells of healthy nonsmokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) smokers, and analyzed the impact of e- cigarette vapor extract (ECE) or cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on HBE cell differentiation and injury by single-cell RNA sequencing, immunostaining, HE staining, qPCR and ELISA. We obtained serum and sputum from healthy non- smokers, smokers and e-cigarette users, and analyzed cell injury markers and mucin proteins.
Results: ECE treatment led to a distinct differentiation program of ciliated cells and unique patterns of their cell-cell communications compared with CSE. ECE treatment caused increased Notch signaling strength in a ciliated cell subpopulation, and HBE cell remodeling and injury including hypoplasia of ciliated cells and club cells, and shorter cilia. ECE-induced hypoplasia of ciliated cells and shorter cilia were ameliorated by the Notch signaling inhibition.
Conclusions: This study reveals distinct characteristics in e-cigarette vapor-induced airway epithelial remodeling, pointing to Notch signaling pathway as a potential targeted intervention for e-cigarette vapor-caused ciliated cell differentiation defects and cilia injury. In addition, a decrease in SCGB1A1 proteins is associated with e- cigarette users, indicating a potential lung injury marker for e-cigarette users.
{"title":"Single-cell transcriptomics reveals e-cigarette vapor-induced airway epithelial remodeling and injury.","authors":"Weitao Cao, Jia Li, Li Che, Ruixue Yang, Zehong Wu, Guoping Hu, Weifeng Zou, Zehang Zhao, Yumin Zhou, Xingtao Jiang, Tiejun Zhang, Wenguang Yin, Pixin Ran","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02962-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02962-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, e-cigarettes have been used as alternatives among adult smokers. However, the impact of e-cigarette use on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected primary HBE cells of healthy nonsmokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) smokers, and analyzed the impact of e- cigarette vapor extract (ECE) or cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on HBE cell differentiation and injury by single-cell RNA sequencing, immunostaining, HE staining, qPCR and ELISA. We obtained serum and sputum from healthy non- smokers, smokers and e-cigarette users, and analyzed cell injury markers and mucin proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECE treatment led to a distinct differentiation program of ciliated cells and unique patterns of their cell-cell communications compared with CSE. ECE treatment caused increased Notch signaling strength in a ciliated cell subpopulation, and HBE cell remodeling and injury including hypoplasia of ciliated cells and club cells, and shorter cilia. ECE-induced hypoplasia of ciliated cells and shorter cilia were ameliorated by the Notch signaling inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals distinct characteristics in e-cigarette vapor-induced airway epithelial remodeling, pointing to Notch signaling pathway as a potential targeted intervention for e-cigarette vapor-caused ciliated cell differentiation defects and cilia injury. In addition, a decrease in SCGB1A1 proteins is associated with e- cigarette users, indicating a potential lung injury marker for e-cigarette users.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02973-1
Gabriela Gonzales, Ronit Malka, Lisa M Marinelli, Christine M Lee, Stacy Cook, Solaleh Miar, Gregory R Dion, Teja Guda
Background: Laryngeal injury associated with traumatic or prolonged intubation may lead to voice, swallow, and airway complications. The interplay between inflammation and microbial population shifts induced by intubation may relate to clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate laryngeal mechanics, tissue inflammatory response, and local microbiome changes with laryngotracheal injury and localized delivery of therapeutics via drug-eluting endotracheal tube.
Methods: A simulated traumatic intubation injury was created in Yorkshire crossbreed swine under direct laryngoscopy. Endotracheal tubes electrospun with roxadustat or valacyclovir- loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers were placed in the injured airway for 3, 7, or 14 days (n = 3 per group/time and ETT type). Vocal fold stiffness was then evaluated with normal indentation and laryngeal tissue sections were histologically examined. Immunohistochemistry and inflammatory marker profiling were conducted to evaluate the inflammatory response associated with injury and ETT placement. Additionally, ETT biofilm formation was visualized using scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography, while changes in the airway microbiome were profiled through 16S rRNA sequencing.
Results: Laryngeal tissue with roxadustat ETT placement had increasing localized stiffness outcomes over time and histological assessment indicated minimal epithelial ulceration and fibrosis, while inflammation remained severe across all timepoints. In contrast, vocal fold tissue with valacyclovir ETT placement showed no significant changes in stiffness over time; histological analysis presented a reduction in epithelial ulceration and inflammation scores along with increased fibrosis observed at 14 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed a decline in M1 and M2 macrophage markers over time for both ETT types. Among the cytokines, IL-8 levels differed significantly between the roxadustat and valacyclovir ETT groups, while no other cytokines showed statistically significant differences. Additionally, increased biofilm formation was observed in the coated ETTs with notable alterations in microbiota distinctive to each ETT type and across time.
Conclusion: The injured and intubated airway resulted in increased laryngeal stiffness. Local inflammation and the type of therapeutic administered impacted the bacterial composition within the upper respiratory microbiome, which in turn mediated local tissue healing and recovery.
背景:与创伤性或长时间插管相关的喉损伤可能会导致嗓音、吞咽和气道并发症。插管引起的炎症和微生物群变化之间的相互作用可能与临床结果有关。本研究的目的是调查喉力学、组织炎症反应以及喉气管损伤和通过药物洗脱气管导管局部给药引起的局部微生物群变化:方法:在直接喉镜检查下,对约克郡杂交猪进行模拟创伤性插管损伤。将电纺有罗沙司他(roxadustat)或伐昔洛韦(valacyclovir- loaded polycaprolactone (PCL))纤维的气管导管置于受伤气道中 3、7 或 14 天(每组/时间和 ETT 类型 n = 3)。然后用正常压痕法评估声带僵硬度,并对喉组织切片进行组织学检查。免疫组化和炎症标记物分析用于评估与损伤和 ETT 置入相关的炎症反应。此外,还使用扫描电子显微镜和微型计算机断层扫描观察了 ETT 生物膜的形成,并通过 16S rRNA 测序分析了气道微生物组的变化:结果:放置了罗沙司他 ETT 的喉组织的局部僵硬度随时间推移而增加,组织学评估显示上皮溃疡和纤维化极少,而炎症在所有时间点上都很严重。与此相反,放置了伐昔洛韦 ETT 的声带组织的僵硬度没有随着时间的推移而发生显著变化;组织学分析表明,上皮溃疡和炎症评分降低,14 天后观察到纤维化增加。免疫组化显示,两种 ETT 的 M1 和 M2 巨噬细胞标记物均随时间推移而下降。在细胞因子中,罗沙司他和伐昔洛韦 ETT 组的 IL-8 水平差异显著,而其他细胞因子则没有统计学意义上的显著差异。此外,在有涂层的 ETT 中观察到生物膜形成增加,每种 ETT 类型和不同时间段的微生物群发生了明显变化:结论:受伤和插管气道导致喉部僵硬度增加。局部炎症和治疗类型影响了上呼吸道微生物群中的细菌组成,进而促进了局部组织的愈合和恢复。
{"title":"Localized delivery of therapeutics impact laryngeal mechanics, local inflammatory response, and respiratory microbiome following upper airway intubation injury in swine.","authors":"Gabriela Gonzales, Ronit Malka, Lisa M Marinelli, Christine M Lee, Stacy Cook, Solaleh Miar, Gregory R Dion, Teja Guda","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02973-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02973-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laryngeal injury associated with traumatic or prolonged intubation may lead to voice, swallow, and airway complications. The interplay between inflammation and microbial population shifts induced by intubation may relate to clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate laryngeal mechanics, tissue inflammatory response, and local microbiome changes with laryngotracheal injury and localized delivery of therapeutics via drug-eluting endotracheal tube.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A simulated traumatic intubation injury was created in Yorkshire crossbreed swine under direct laryngoscopy. Endotracheal tubes electrospun with roxadustat or valacyclovir- loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers were placed in the injured airway for 3, 7, or 14 days (n = 3 per group/time and ETT type). Vocal fold stiffness was then evaluated with normal indentation and laryngeal tissue sections were histologically examined. Immunohistochemistry and inflammatory marker profiling were conducted to evaluate the inflammatory response associated with injury and ETT placement. Additionally, ETT biofilm formation was visualized using scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography, while changes in the airway microbiome were profiled through 16S rRNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Laryngeal tissue with roxadustat ETT placement had increasing localized stiffness outcomes over time and histological assessment indicated minimal epithelial ulceration and fibrosis, while inflammation remained severe across all timepoints. In contrast, vocal fold tissue with valacyclovir ETT placement showed no significant changes in stiffness over time; histological analysis presented a reduction in epithelial ulceration and inflammation scores along with increased fibrosis observed at 14 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed a decline in M1 and M2 macrophage markers over time for both ETT types. Among the cytokines, IL-8 levels differed significantly between the roxadustat and valacyclovir ETT groups, while no other cytokines showed statistically significant differences. Additionally, increased biofilm formation was observed in the coated ETTs with notable alterations in microbiota distinctive to each ETT type and across time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The injured and intubated airway resulted in increased laryngeal stiffness. Local inflammation and the type of therapeutic administered impacted the bacterial composition within the upper respiratory microbiome, which in turn mediated local tissue healing and recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02969-x
Jianxia Sun, Xinyun Jia, Zhiqiang Zhang, Yang Yang, Chuntao Zhai, Baosheng Zhao, Yuzhen Liu
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is a prevalent condition that has been associated with various forms of cancer. Although some clinical studies suggest a potential link between OSA and lung cancer, this association remains uncertain, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the role of the catecholamine-β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) and the NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating the effects of CIH on lung cancer progression in mice.
Methods: Male C57BL/6 N mice were subjected to CIH for four weeks, with Lewis lung carcinoma cells seeded subcutaneously. Propranolol (a βAR blocker) or nepicastat (an inhibitor of catecholamine production) was administered during this period. Tumor volume and tail artery blood pressure were monitored. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining were employed to assess protein expression of Ki-67, CD31, VEGFR2, PD-1, PD-L1, and ASC specks in tumor tissues. ELISA was used to detect catecholamine and various cytokines, while western blot assessed the expression of cyclin D1, caspase-1, and IL-1β. In vitro tube formation assay investigated angiogenesis. NLRP3 knockout mice were used to determine the mechanism of NLRP3 in CIH.
Results: CIH led to an increase in catecholamine. Catecholamine-βAR inhibitor drugs prevented the increase in blood pressure caused by CIH. Notably, the drugs inhibited CIH-induced murine lung tumor growth, and the expression of Ki-67, cyclin D1, CD31, VEGFR2, PD-1 and PD-L1 in tumor decreased. In vitro, propranolol inhibits tube formation induced by CIH mouse serum. Moreover, CIH led to an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and sPD-L1 levels and a decrease in IL-10 in peripheral blood, accompanied by activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in tumor, but these effects were also stopped by drugs. In NLRP3-knockout mice, CIH-induced upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor was inhibited.
Conclusions: Our study underscores the significant contribution of β-adrenergic signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome to CIH-induced lung cancer progression. These pathways represent potential therapeutic targets for mitigating the impact of OSA on lung cancer.
背景:以慢性间歇性缺氧(CIH)为特征的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种普遍存在的疾病,与各种形式的癌症有关。尽管一些临床研究表明 OSA 与肺癌之间存在潜在联系,但这种联系仍不确定,其潜在机制也不完全清楚。本研究探讨了儿茶酚胺-β-肾上腺素能受体(βAR)和NLRP3炎性体在介导CIH对小鼠肺癌进展的影响中的作用:雄性 C57BL/6 N 小鼠接受为期四周的 CIH 治疗,并在皮下播种 Lewis 肺癌细胞。在此期间给予普萘洛尔(一种βAR阻断剂)或奈皮司他(一种儿茶酚胺分泌抑制剂)。监测肿瘤体积和尾动脉血压。免疫组化染色和免疫荧光染色用于评估肿瘤组织中 Ki-67、CD31、VEGFR2、PD-1、PD-L1 和 ASC斑点的蛋白表达。ELISA 检测儿茶酚胺和各种细胞因子,Western 印迹评估细胞周期蛋白 D1、caspase-1 和 IL-1β 的表达。体外血管形成试验研究血管生成。用 NLRP3 基因敲除小鼠来确定 NLRP3 在 CIH 中的作用机制:结果:CIH导致儿茶酚胺增加。结果:CIH导致儿茶酚胺增加,儿茶酚胺-βAR抑制剂药物阻止了CIH引起的血压升高。值得注意的是,这些药物抑制了 CIH 诱导的小鼠肺肿瘤的生长,肿瘤中 Ki-67、细胞周期蛋白 D1、CD31、血管内皮生长因子受体 2、PD-1 和 PD-L1 的表达均有所下降。在体外,普萘洛尔能抑制 CIH 小鼠血清诱导的管形成。此外,CIH导致外周血中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IFN-γ和sPD-L1水平升高,IL-10水平降低,并伴随着肿瘤中NLRP3炎性体的激活,但这些效应也被药物所阻止。在NLRP3基因敲除的小鼠中,CIH诱导的肿瘤中PD-1/PD-L1的上调受到抑制:我们的研究强调了β肾上腺素能信号传导和NLRP3炎性体对CIH诱导的肺癌进展的重要作用。这些通路是减轻 OSA 对肺癌影响的潜在治疗靶点。
{"title":"Role of β-adrenergic signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced murine lung cancer progression.","authors":"Jianxia Sun, Xinyun Jia, Zhiqiang Zhang, Yang Yang, Chuntao Zhai, Baosheng Zhao, Yuzhen Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02969-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-024-02969-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is a prevalent condition that has been associated with various forms of cancer. Although some clinical studies suggest a potential link between OSA and lung cancer, this association remains uncertain, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the role of the catecholamine-β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) and the NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating the effects of CIH on lung cancer progression in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6 N mice were subjected to CIH for four weeks, with Lewis lung carcinoma cells seeded subcutaneously. Propranolol (a βAR blocker) or nepicastat (an inhibitor of catecholamine production) was administered during this period. Tumor volume and tail artery blood pressure were monitored. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining were employed to assess protein expression of Ki-67, CD31, VEGFR2, PD-1, PD-L1, and ASC specks in tumor tissues. ELISA was used to detect catecholamine and various cytokines, while western blot assessed the expression of cyclin D1, caspase-1, and IL-1β. In vitro tube formation assay investigated angiogenesis. NLRP3 knockout mice were used to determine the mechanism of NLRP3 in CIH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CIH led to an increase in catecholamine. Catecholamine-βAR inhibitor drugs prevented the increase in blood pressure caused by CIH. Notably, the drugs inhibited CIH-induced murine lung tumor growth, and the expression of Ki-67, cyclin D1, CD31, VEGFR2, PD-1 and PD-L1 in tumor decreased. In vitro, propranolol inhibits tube formation induced by CIH mouse serum. Moreover, CIH led to an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and sPD-L1 levels and a decrease in IL-10 in peripheral blood, accompanied by activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in tumor, but these effects were also stopped by drugs. In NLRP3-knockout mice, CIH-induced upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor was inhibited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study underscores the significant contribution of β-adrenergic signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome to CIH-induced lung cancer progression. These pathways represent potential therapeutic targets for mitigating the impact of OSA on lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"347"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02935-7
Eistine Boateng, Rocio Bonilla-Martinez, Barbara Ahlemeyer, Vannuruswamy Garikapati, Mohammad Rashedul Alam, Omelyan Trompak, Gani Oruqaj, Natalia El-Merhie, Michael Seimetz, Clemens Ruppert, Andreas Günther, Bernhard Spengler, Srikanth Karnati, Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by aberrant lung epithelial phenotypes, fibroblast activation, and increased extracellular matrix deposition. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)1-induced Smad signaling and downregulation of peroxisomal genes are involved in the pathogenesis and can be inhibited by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α activation. However, the three PPARs, that is PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, are known to interact in a complex crosstalk.
Methods: To mimic the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, primary lung fibroblasts from control and IPF patients with comparable levels of all three PPARs were treated with TGF-β1 for 24 h, followed by the addition of PPAR ligands either alone or in combination for another 24 h. Fibrosis markers (intra- and extracellular collagen levels, expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases) and peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism (gene expression of peroxisomal biogenesis and matrix proteins, protein levels of PEX13 and catalase, targeted and untargeted lipidomic profiles) were analyzed after TGF-β1 treatment and the effects of the PPAR ligands were investigated.
Results: TGF-β1 induced the expected phenotype; e.g. it increased the intra- and extracellular collagen levels and decreased peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism. Agonists of different PPARs reversed TGF-β1-induced fibrosis even when given 24 h after TGF-β1. The effects included the reversals of (1) the increase in collagen production by repressing COL1A2 promoter activity (through PPAR-β/δ activation); (2) the reduced activity of matrix metalloproteinases (through PPAR-β/δ activation); (3) the decrease in peroxisomal biogenesis and lipid metabolism (through PPAR-γ activation); and (4) the decrease in catalase protein levels in control (through PPAR-γ activation) and IPF (through a combined activation of PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ) fibroblasts. Further experiments to explore the role of catalase showed that an overexpression of catalase protein reduced collagen production. Additionally, the beneficial effect of PPAR-γ but not of PPAR-β/δ activation on collagen synthesis depended on catalase activity and was thus redox-sensitive.
Conclusion: Our data provide evidence that IPF patients may benefit from a combined activation of PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ.
{"title":"It takes two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ) to tango idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"Eistine Boateng, Rocio Bonilla-Martinez, Barbara Ahlemeyer, Vannuruswamy Garikapati, Mohammad Rashedul Alam, Omelyan Trompak, Gani Oruqaj, Natalia El-Merhie, Michael Seimetz, Clemens Ruppert, Andreas Günther, Bernhard Spengler, Srikanth Karnati, Eveline Baumgart-Vogt","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02935-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-024-02935-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by aberrant lung epithelial phenotypes, fibroblast activation, and increased extracellular matrix deposition. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)1-induced Smad signaling and downregulation of peroxisomal genes are involved in the pathogenesis and can be inhibited by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α activation. However, the three PPARs, that is PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, are known to interact in a complex crosstalk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To mimic the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, primary lung fibroblasts from control and IPF patients with comparable levels of all three PPARs were treated with TGF-β1 for 24 h, followed by the addition of PPAR ligands either alone or in combination for another 24 h. Fibrosis markers (intra- and extracellular collagen levels, expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases) and peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism (gene expression of peroxisomal biogenesis and matrix proteins, protein levels of PEX13 and catalase, targeted and untargeted lipidomic profiles) were analyzed after TGF-β1 treatment and the effects of the PPAR ligands were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TGF-β1 induced the expected phenotype; e.g. it increased the intra- and extracellular collagen levels and decreased peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism. Agonists of different PPARs reversed TGF-β1-induced fibrosis even when given 24 h after TGF-β1. The effects included the reversals of (1) the increase in collagen production by repressing COL1A2 promoter activity (through PPAR-β/δ activation); (2) the reduced activity of matrix metalloproteinases (through PPAR-β/δ activation); (3) the decrease in peroxisomal biogenesis and lipid metabolism (through PPAR-γ activation); and (4) the decrease in catalase protein levels in control (through PPAR-γ activation) and IPF (through a combined activation of PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ) fibroblasts. Further experiments to explore the role of catalase showed that an overexpression of catalase protein reduced collagen production. Additionally, the beneficial effect of PPAR-γ but not of PPAR-β/δ activation on collagen synthesis depended on catalase activity and was thus redox-sensitive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data provide evidence that IPF patients may benefit from a combined activation of PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02967-z
Asmae El Abd, Harika Dasari, Philippe Dodin, Helen Trottier, Francine M Ducharme
Background: Numerous studies indicate an association between vitamin D status and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with asthma, but findings are inconsistent. This review aims to summarize the relationship between serum vitamin D status, assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level, and inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults with asthma.
Methods: A literature search of interventional and observational studies on 25(OH)D up to November 2022 was conducted across six electronic databases. Outcomes of interest included a range of inflammatory biomarkers classified in four categories: T helper 2 (Th2) pro-inflammatory, non-Th2 pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and non-specific biomarkers. Study characteristics were extracted and risk of bias was evaluated using the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics tool. Meta-analysis was conducted on studies with a low risk of bias, while narrative reporting was used to present the direction of associations (positive, no association, or negative) for each biomarker, overall and within the low-risk studies.
Results: We included 71 studies (3 interventional, 68 observational) involving asthma patients. These studies investigated the association between serum 25(OH)D and Th2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers (N = 58), non-Th2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers (N = 18), anti-inflammatory biomarkers (N = 16), and non-specific biomarkers (N = 10). Thirteen (18.3%) studies, 50 (70.4%), and 8 (11.3%) were at high, moderate, and low risk of bias, respectively. In all studies, irrespective of risk of bias, the most frequently reported finding was no significant association, followed by a negative association between 25(OH)D and pro-inflammatory biomarkers and a positive association with anti-inflammatory biomarkers. In low-risk studies, one biomarker could be meta-analysed. The pooled estimate for 25(OH)D and serum IgE showed a negative association (β (95% CI)= - 0.33 (-0.65 to - 0.01); I2 = 88%; N = 4 studies). A negative association between 25(OH)D and blood eosinophils was also observed in the largest of three studies, as well as with cathelicidin (LL-37) in the only study reporting it. For other biomarkers, most low-risk studies revealed no significant association with 25(OH)D.
Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D is negatively associated with serum IgE and possibly with blood eosinophils and LL-37, supporting an in vivo immunomodulatory effect of 25(OH)D. Future research should employ rigorous methodologies and standardized reporting for meta-analysis aggregation to further elucidate these associations.
{"title":"Associations between vitamin D status and biomarkers linked with inflammation in patients with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional and observational studies.","authors":"Asmae El Abd, Harika Dasari, Philippe Dodin, Helen Trottier, Francine M Ducharme","doi":"10.1186/s12931-024-02967-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12931-024-02967-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous studies indicate an association between vitamin D status and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with asthma, but findings are inconsistent. This review aims to summarize the relationship between serum vitamin D status, assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level, and inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults with asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search of interventional and observational studies on 25(OH)D up to November 2022 was conducted across six electronic databases. Outcomes of interest included a range of inflammatory biomarkers classified in four categories: T helper 2 (Th2) pro-inflammatory, non-Th2 pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and non-specific biomarkers. Study characteristics were extracted and risk of bias was evaluated using the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics tool. Meta-analysis was conducted on studies with a low risk of bias, while narrative reporting was used to present the direction of associations (positive, no association, or negative) for each biomarker, overall and within the low-risk studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 71 studies (3 interventional, 68 observational) involving asthma patients. These studies investigated the association between serum 25(OH)D and Th2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers (N = 58), non-Th2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers (N = 18), anti-inflammatory biomarkers (N = 16), and non-specific biomarkers (N = 10). Thirteen (18.3%) studies, 50 (70.4%), and 8 (11.3%) were at high, moderate, and low risk of bias, respectively. In all studies, irrespective of risk of bias, the most frequently reported finding was no significant association, followed by a negative association between 25(OH)D and pro-inflammatory biomarkers and a positive association with anti-inflammatory biomarkers. In low-risk studies, one biomarker could be meta-analysed. The pooled estimate for 25(OH)D and serum IgE showed a negative association (β (95% CI)= - 0.33 (-0.65 to - 0.01); I<sup>2</sup> = 88%; N = 4 studies). A negative association between 25(OH)D and blood eosinophils was also observed in the largest of three studies, as well as with cathelicidin (LL-37) in the only study reporting it. For other biomarkers, most low-risk studies revealed no significant association with 25(OH)D.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum 25(OH)D is negatively associated with serum IgE and possibly with blood eosinophils and LL-37, supporting an in vivo immunomodulatory effect of 25(OH)D. Future research should employ rigorous methodologies and standardized reporting for meta-analysis aggregation to further elucidate these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49131,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11423515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}