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Impact of renewed solar dimming on streamflow generation in monsoon dominated tropical river basins 太阳再次变暗对季风主导的热带河流流域水流生成的影响
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2022.02.002
Pramod Soni , Shivam Tripathi , Rajesh Srivastava

From 1950s to 1980s, various observational studies around the globe found a significant decrease in surface solar radiation (SSR), which reversed in late 1980s for most of the countries including India. SSR observations at 12 stations located across India revealed that a much stronger dimming has reappeared during the last decade (2006–2015) after a brightening during 1996–2005. In the present study, effects of renewed solar dimming on actual evapotranspiration and runoff were analyzed using a semi-distributed hydrological model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in 24 river basins (ranging from 1260 to 40000 km2) located in peninsular India. For these river basins, calibration (2003–2009) and validation (2010–2014) were performed using the observed daily discharge data, obtained from water resources information system (WRIS) of India, with a 3 year warm up period (2000–2002). The sequential uncertainty domain parameter fitting algorithm (SUFI-2) of SWAT-CUP (calibration and uncertainty program) was used with modified Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (MNS) as the objective function to calibrate 13 model parameters, which can potentially affect streamflow. In nearly all the river basins, the p- and r-factor of 95 percentage prediction uncertainty (PPU) were more than 0.7 and less than 1, respectively. At daily timescale, MNS values were more than 0.5 in most of the river basins, reaching up to 0.66 and 0.71 during calibration and validation periods, respectively. Calibrated model was used to analyze the water balance of these river basins and different sets of experiments (with observed SSR trends) were performed to find SSR impacts on it. The model was simulated with and without the observed declines in SSR trends. The average change in SSR (in terms of evaporation equivalent) was −267.93 ± 100.92 mm/day/year (−5.62 ± 2.12%) with maximum reaching up to −417.12 mm/day/year (−8.99%). Due to this SSR change, actual evaporation was reduced resulting in 18.97 ± 9.78 mm/day/year (4.13 ± 2.50%) change in percolation. The percolation changes were higher for river basins having areas covered by forests and cropland/woodland, and having loam and sandy-clay soils. The increase in runoff generated was 6.90 ± 3.42 mm/day/year (2.14 ± 1.58%) with a maximum of 15.25 mm/day/year (7.56%) whereas corresponding increase in streamflow was found to be 9.93 ± 5.27 mm/day/year(4.21 ± 2.38%) with a maximum of 26.71 mm/day/year (11.86 %). The study reveals that the recent observed SSR changes are significant enough to have resulted in increased streamflow in the monsoon dominated tropical river basins of India.

从20世纪50年代到80年代,全球各种观测研究发现,地表太阳辐射(SSR)显著减少,在20世纪80年代后期,包括印度在内的大多数国家都出现了逆转。在印度12个观测站的SSR观测显示,在1996-2005年的增亮之后,在过去十年(2006-2015年)再次出现了更强的变暗。在本研究中,利用半分布式水文模型,土壤和水评估工具(SWAT)分析了印度半岛24个河流流域(范围从1260到40000 km2)的重新太阳变暗对实际蒸散发和径流的影响。对这些流域进行了标定(2003-2009年)和验证(2010-2014年),使用的是印度水资源信息系统(WRIS)的日观测流量数据,暖期为3年(2000-2002年)。采用SWAT-CUP(定标与不确定程序)序列不确定域参数拟合算法(SUFI-2),以改进的Nash-Sutcliffe效率(MNS)为目标函数,对可能影响水流的13个模型参数进行了定标。在几乎所有流域,95%预测不确定性(PPU)的p-因子大于0.7,r-因子小于1。在日尺度上,大部分流域的MNS值均大于0.5,在定标期和验证期分别达到0.66和0.71。利用校正后的模型对流域水平衡进行分析,并通过不同的实验(观察到SSR趋势)来研究SSR对流域水平衡的影响。对该模型进行了有和无SSR下降趋势的模拟。SSR的平均变化(蒸发当量)为−267.93±100.92 mm/day/year(−5.62±2.12%),最大值为−417.12 mm/day/year(−8.99%)。由于SSR的变化,实际蒸发量减少,导致渗流变化18.97±9.78 mm/天/年(4.13±2.50%)。有森林和耕地/林地覆盖的流域,以及有壤土和沙土的流域,其渗滤变化较大。径流增加量为6.90±3.42 mm/d /年(2.14±1.58%),最大增加量为15.25 mm/d /年(7.56%);径流增加量为9.93±5.27 mm/d /年(4.21±2.38%),最大增加量为26.71 mm/d /年(11.86%)。研究表明,最近观测到的SSR变化足以导致印度季风主导的热带河流流域的流量增加。
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引用次数: 0
Wave attenuation by multiple slotted barriers with a zig-zag arrangement -A physical and numerical approach 锯齿形排列的多个开槽屏障对波浪的衰减——一种物理和数值方法
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2022.02.001
V. Kumaran , S. Neelamani , K.G. Vijay , N. Al-Anjari , A. Al-Ragum

In the present study, scattering of surface gravity waves by multiple slotted vertical barriers arranged in a zig-zag manner is analyzed by employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and validated with physical model tests. The porosity of the vertical slotted barrier is varied from 10% to 40%, and the number of slotted barriers varied from 1 to 6. The results from CFD correlate well with the laboratory measurements on the scattering coefficients for a wide range of input conditions giving a high level of confidence. For relatively short waves (h/λ > 0.3, h- water depth and λ- wave length), slotted barriers up to 3 numbers and porosity from 20% to 30% are required to achieve wave transmission coefficient in the range of 0.2 to 0.3. For relatively long waves (h/λ < 0.3), slotted barriers of 5 to 6 numbers and porosity in the range of 10% to 20% are needed to obtain wave transmission of 0.2 to 0.3. The results presented in this study can be used for a wide range of wave damping applications in the field of coastal engineering.

本文采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法分析了多个锯齿形开槽垂直屏障对表面重力波的散射,并进行了物理模型试验验证。垂直槽状屏障的孔隙率为10% ~ 40%,槽状屏障的数量为1 ~ 6个。计算流体力学的结果与实验室对大范围输入条件下散射系数的测量结果相吻合,具有较高的置信度。对于相对较短的波(h/λ >0.3 (h-水深,λ-波长)、3个数的槽状屏障、20% - 30%的孔隙度,才能实现0.2 - 0.3的波透射系数。对于相对较长的波(h/λ <0.3),需要5 ~ 6位数的槽状阻隔,孔隙度在10% ~ 20%之间,才能获得0.2 ~ 0.3的波透射率。本研究结果可广泛应用于海岸工程领域的波浪阻尼。
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引用次数: 2
Three different models to evaluate water discharge: An application to a river section at Vinh Tuy location in the Lo river basin, Vietnam 评估排水量的三种不同模型:在越南洛河流域永都河段的应用
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2021.12.002
Chien Pham Van, Giang Nguyen–Van

This study presents three different models, namely power-law rating curve, one-dimensional lateral distribution method (1D–LDM), and gated recurrent network (GRU) model that can be applied to evaluate water discharge from water surface elevation time-series in a river cross-section for a long time period. A river section at Vinh Tuy location on the Lo river basin (Vietnam) is used to demonstrate the models. Appropriate values of modelling parameters are carefully determined using (i) the daily observed discharge values collected in the period from 2012 to 2018 and (ii) five error estimates for quantitatively assessing the agreement between estimated and observed water discharges. The results showed that all three models reproduced very well the observed discharge values, with root mean square error and mean absolute error, as well as mean error of discharge, are only about 5.5% of the maximum value of discharge monitoring in the studied cross-section, while Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and Pearson’s correlation coefficient are greater than 0.89. The models are then applied to evaluate discharge values in the studied cross-section for the period from 1972 to 2011, revealing that statistical indicators, i.e. mean value, standard derivation, and covariance of estimated water discharge, are consistent with those obtained from the observations. Among three investigated models, the GRU model was finally proved to be the best one, providing even better results than the 1D-LDM and power-law rating curve.

本文提出了幂律评级曲线、一维横向分布法(1D-LDM)和门控循环网络(GRU)三种不同的模型,可用于评价河流断面长时间内水面高程时间序列的水量。在洛河流域(越南)的永图(Vinh Tuy)的河段被用来演示模型。使用(i) 2012年至2018年期间收集的每日观测排放值和(ii)用于定量评估估计水量与观测水量之间一致性的五个误差估计,仔细确定了适当的建模参数值。结果表明,3种模型均能较好地再现实测流量值,流量的均方根误差、平均绝对误差和平均误差仅为所研究截面流量监测最大值的5.5%左右,Nash-Sutcliffe效率和Pearson相关系数均大于0.89。利用该模型对研究断面1972 ~ 2011年的径流量进行了评价,结果表明,估算径流量的均值、标准差、协方差等统计指标与观测结果基本一致。在研究的三个模型中,GRU模型最终被证明是最好的模型,其结果甚至优于1D-LDM和幂律评级曲线。
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引用次数: 1
Simulation of energy dissipation downstream of labyrinth weirs by applying support vector regression integrated with meta-heuristic algorithms 支持向量回归与元启发式算法相结合模拟迷宫堰下游消能
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2021.12.003
Amin Mahdavi-Meymand, Wojciech Sulisz

In this study, multi-tracker optimization algorithm (MTOA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and differential evolution (DE) algorithms were integrated with support vector regression (SVR) to predict energy dissipation downstream of labyrinth weirs (ΔE). In order to evaluate the performance of these methods, the results are compared with corresponding outcome obtained by applying two other methods, namely, multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) and multiple linear regressions methods (MLR). The input parameters comprise the discharge, the upstream flow depth, the crest length of a single cycle of the labyrinth weir, the width of a single cycle of the labyrinth weir, the apex width, the number of labyrinth weir cycles, the sidewall angle, and the height of weir. The results indicate that the meta-heuristic algorithms substantially improve the performance of SVR. The results show that the integrative methods, SVR-MTOA, SVR-PSO, and SVR-DE, are more accurate than the MLPNN and the MLR. In average, the integrative methods provide 39.63% more accurate results than the MLPNN and 79.34% more accurate results than the MLR. The average RMSE and R2 for the integrative methods are 0.0054 m and 0.977, respectively. Among all integrative methods, the SVR-MTOA yields the best results, with RMSE = 0.0044 m and R2 = 0.986.

本研究将多跟踪优化算法(MTOA)、粒子群优化算法(PSO)和差分进化算法(DE)与支持向量回归(SVR)相结合,用于迷宫堰下游能量耗散预测(ΔE)。为了评价这些方法的性能,将结果与另外两种方法,即多层感知器神经网络(multilayer perceptron neural network, MLPNN)和多元线性回归方法(multiple linear regression methods, MLR)得到的结果进行比较。输入参数包括流量、上游水流深度、迷宫堰单周期波峰长度、迷宫堰单周期宽度、迷宫堰顶点宽度、迷宫堰循环数、侧壁角和堰高。结果表明,元启发式算法显著提高了支持向量回归的性能。结果表明,SVR-MTOA、SVR-PSO和SVR-DE综合方法比MLPNN和MLR方法更准确。综合方法的准确率平均比MLPNN高39.63%,比MLR高79.34%。综合方法的平均RMSE和R2分别为0.0054 m和0.977。在所有综合方法中,SVR-MTOA的结果最好,RMSE = 0.0044 m, R2 = 0.986。
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引用次数: 2
Climate change impact on water quality in the integrated Mahabad Dam watershed-reservoir system 气候变化对Mahabad坝流域-水库综合系统水质的影响
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2021.12.001
Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian , Masoud Taheriyoun

Climate change, besides global warming, is expected to intensify the hydrological cycle, which can impact watershed nutrient yields and affect water quality in the receiving water bodies. The Mahabad Dam Reservoir in northwest Iran is a eutrophic reservoir due to excessive watershed nutrient input, which could be exacerbated due to climate change. In this regard, a holistic approach was employed by linking a climate model (CanESM2), watershed-scale model (SWAT), and reservoir water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2). The triple model investigates the cumulative climate change effects on hydrological parameters, watershed yields, and the reservoir’s water quality. The SDSM model downscaled the output of the climate model under moderate (RCP4.5) and extreme (RCP8.5) scenarios for the periods of 2021–2040 and 2041–2060. The impact of future climate conditions was investigated on the watershed runoff and total phosphorus (TP) load, and consequently, water quality status in the dam’s reservoir. The results of comparing future conditions (2021–2060) with observed present values under moderate to extreme climate scenarios showed a 4–7% temperature increase and a 6–11% precipitation decrease. Moreover, the SWAT model showed a 9–16% decline in streamflow and a 12–18% decline in the watershed TP load for the same comparative period. Finally, CE-QUAL-W2 model results showed a 3–8% increase in the reservoir water temperature and a 10–16% increase in TP concentration. It indicates that climate change would intensify the thermal stratification and eutrophication level in the reservoir, especially during the year’s warm months. This finding specifies an alarming condition that demands serious preventive and corrective measures.

除全球变暖外,气候变化预计还会加剧水文循环,从而影响流域养分产量并影响接收水体的水质。伊朗西北部的Mahabad大坝水库是一个富营养化水库,由于流域养分输入过多,气候变化可能会加剧这种情况。在这方面,采用了一种整体方法,将气候模型(CanESM2)、流域尺度模型(SWAT)和水库水质模型(ce - quality - w2)联系起来。三重模型研究了累积气候变化对水文参数、流域产量和水库水质的影响。SDSM模式降低了2021-2040年和2041-2060年期间中(RCP4.5)和极端(RCP8.5)情景下气候模式的输出。研究了未来气候条件对流域径流和总磷负荷的影响,进而对水库水质状况的影响。在中至极端气候情景下,未来条件(2021-2060年)与观测值的比较结果显示,气温升高4-7%,降水减少6-11%。此外,SWAT模型显示,在相同的比较时期,河流流量下降了9-16%,流域TP负荷下降了12-18%。最后,ce - quality - w2模型结果显示,水库水温升高3-8%,TP浓度升高10-16%。这表明气候变化将加剧水库的热分层和富营养化水平,特别是在一年中温暖的月份。这一发现说明了一种令人震惊的情况,需要采取认真的预防和纠正措施。
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引用次数: 4
An iterative hydraulic design methodology based on numerical modeling for piano key weirs 基于数值模拟的钢琴键堰迭代水力设计方法
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2022.01.002
Mete Koken, Ismail Aydin, Serhan Ademoglu

Piano Key Weir (PKW) is a special type of overflow weir which provides an improved discharge capacity with its increased crest length. Increased discharge capacity makes this weir an attractive alternative in the rehabilitation of existing spillways. After the introduction of this new weir type, many experimental and numerical studies are conducted to understand the effect of the numerous geometrical parameters on the discharge capacity. However, empirical discharge formulas suggested by different researchers are not conforming to a unique expression mostly due to dependence on the experimental conditions from which they are derived. A numerical approach is used in the present study to investigate the dependence of discharge capacity of a PKW unit on several geometric parameters. Numerical models are developed and three-dimensional velocity fields are computed using FLOW-3D® software. Discharge efficiency of a PKW over an equivalent linear sharp-crested weir is evaluated within the practical range of parameters from 145 numerical solutions for 29 different PKW models. Numerically obtained data is used to form dimensionless expressions for the weir height and length as function of discharge efficiency which are proposed to facilitate an iterative numerical solution to meet the design requirements of a given project. This approach allows cost optimization while dimensioning the PKW for the required hydraulic capacity. The design procedure based on iterative numerical solutions is described and exemplified.

钢琴键堰(PKW)是一种特殊类型的溢流堰,通过增加波峰长度来提高泄流能力。增加的排放能力使该堰成为修复现有溢洪道的一个有吸引力的选择。引入这种新型堰型后,进行了大量的实验和数值研究,以了解多种几何参数对流量的影响。然而,不同研究人员提出的经验流量公式并不符合一个唯一的表达式,这主要是由于它们的推导依赖于实验条件。本文采用数值方法研究了PKW机组的放电容量与几个几何参数的关系。利用FLOW-3D®软件开发了数值模型并计算了三维速度场。在29种不同PKW模型的145个数值解的实际参数范围内,对等效线性尖峰堰上PKW的放电效率进行了评估。利用数值计算得到的数据,形成堰高和堰长随流量效率的无量纲表达式,以便于迭代求解,以满足工程的设计要求。这种方法可以优化成本,同时根据所需的水力容量确定PKW的尺寸。描述并举例说明了基于迭代数值解的设计过程。
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引用次数: 3
On the turbulence characteristics in developed and developing rough narrow open-channel flow 论发展中的粗窄明渠湍流特性
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2021.11.003
M. Mahananda , P.R. Hanmaiahgari , Ram Balachandar

An analytical power-law for velocity distribution is developed and validated using experimental results for rough, narrow open-channel flows. In addition, an empirical power-law for the mean velocity distribution is also proposed. To this end, experiments were conducted to investigate the turbulence characteristics in developing and fully developed narrow open-channel flows over a fixed continuous rough bed. Instantaneous 3-D velocities were acquired using a Nortek VectrinoPlus down looking acoustic Doppler velocimeter at streamwise intervals of 0.5 m along the centerline of the flume. Using the experimental data, shape factors and frictional characteristics in narrow open-channel flow were analysed. In addition, this paper investigated changes in the turbulence anisotropy and the decay of turbulence along the mid-depth of the hydraulically rough flow. The new analytical power-law equation developed in this paper accurately describes the fully developed velocity profile in narrow open-channel flow with the dip phenomenon. Reynolds number and aspect ratio significantly influenced the turbulence characteristics in the upper half of the flow field. The decreasing turbulence intensities at mid-depth along the flow developing region demonstrate the attainment of isotropic turbulence as the flow development occurs in the narrow open-channel.

本文提出了一种解析幂律速度分布方法,并利用实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。此外,还提出了平均速度分布的经验幂律。为此,在一个固定的连续粗糙河床上,对发育中和完全发育的狭窄明渠流的湍流特性进行了实验研究。使用Nortek VectrinoPlus向下看声学多普勒测速仪在沿水槽中心线的流向间隔0.5 m处获得瞬时三维速度。利用实验数据,分析了窄明渠流动中的形状因素和摩擦特性。此外,本文还研究了湍流各向异性的变化和湍流沿水力粗糙流中深度的衰减。本文建立的新的解析幂律方程准确地描述了具有倾斜现象的狭窄明渠流动中充分发育的速度剖面。雷诺数和展弦比对流场上半部分的湍流特性影响显著。沿流动发展区中深度湍流强度的减小表明,在狭窄的明渠中流动发展时实现了各向同性湍流。
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引用次数: 2
DEM resolution effects on machine learning performance for flood probability mapping DEM分辨率对洪水概率映射机器学习性能的影响
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2021.10.002
Mohammadtaghi Avand , Alban Kuriqi , Majid Khazaei , Omid Ghorbanzadeh

Floods are among the devastating natural disasters that occurred very frequently in arid regions during the last decades. Accurate assessment of the flood susceptibility mapping is crucial in sustainable development. It helps respective authorities to prevent as much as possible their irreversible consequences. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) spatial resolution is one of the most crucial base layer factors for modeling Flood Probability Maps (FPMs). Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the influence of the spatial resolution of the DEMs 12.5 m (ALOS PALSAR) and 30 m (ASTER) on the accuracy of flood probability prediction using three machine learning models (MLMs), including Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Generalized Linear Model (GLM). This study selected 14 causative factors in the flood as independent variables, and 220 flood locations were selected as dependent variables. Dependent variables were divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) for flood susceptibility modeling. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC), Kappa index, accuracy, and other statistical criteria were used to evaluate the models' accuracy. The results showed that resolving the DEM alone cannot significantly affect the accuracy of flood probability prediction regardless of the applied MLM and independently of the statistical model used to assess the performance accuracy. In contrast, the factors such as altitude, precipitation, and distance from the river have a considerable impact on floods in this region. Also, the evaluation results of the models showed that the RF (AUC12.5,30m = 0.983, 0.975) model is more accurate in preparing the FPM than the ANN (AUC12.5,30m = 0.949, 0.93) and GLM (AUC12.5,30m = 0.965, 0.949) models. This study's solution-oriented findings might help water managers and decision-makers to make the most effective adaptation and mitigation measures against potential flooding.

洪水是过去几十年来干旱地区频繁发生的破坏性自然灾害之一。准确评估洪水易感性地图对可持续发展至关重要。它有助于有关当局尽可能地防止其不可逆转的后果。数字高程模型(DEM)空间分辨率是洪水概率图(FPMs)建模中最关键的基础层因子之一。因此,本研究的主要目的是评估dem 12.5 m (ALOS PALSAR)和30 m (ASTER)空间分辨率对随机森林(RF)、人工神经网络(ANN)和广义线性模型(GLM) 3种机器学习模型(MLMs)洪水概率预测精度的影响。本研究选取洪水的14个致病因素作为自变量,选取220个洪水发生地作为因变量。因变量分为训练(70%)和验证(30%),用于洪水敏感性建模。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、Kappa指数、准确率等统计标准评价模型的准确性。结果表明,无论采用何种MLM,无论采用何种统计模型,单独解析DEM都不能显著影响洪水概率预测的精度。相比之下,海拔、降水、离河距离等因素对该地区的洪水影响较大。模型的评价结果表明,RF (AUC12.5,30m = 0.983, 0.975)模型比ANN (AUC12.5,30m = 0.949, 0.93)和GLM (AUC12.5,30m = 0.965, 0.949)模型更准确地制备FPM。这项研究以解决方案为导向的发现可能有助于水资源管理者和决策者制定最有效的适应和缓解措施,以应对潜在的洪水。
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引用次数: 48
Experimental study of obstacle and bed roughness effects on behavior of turbidity current 障碍物和河床粗糙度对浊流特性影响的实验研究
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2021.11.002
Sara Baghalian , Masoud Ghodsian

Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the behavior of turbidity current under subcritical approach flow condition. In order to study the effects of solid obstacle and bed roughness on turbidity current, 24 experiments were conducted. Two trapezoidal macro-roughness elements with 0.01 m and 0.03 m height and three triangular obstacles with 0.1 m to 0.3 m height were used. The parameters such as front velocity, velocity profiles, body height, flow discharge, suspended load transport rate and efficiency of the obstacle were determined. It was found that under subcritical flow regime, the main portion of the turbidity current over the rough bed is controlled, if the obstacle height is 2–3 times of the body height. The growth of the front height depends on the inlet sediment concentration, the roughness elements and the obstacle height. The front velocity upstream of the obstacle over the smooth bed is independent of the obstacle height and significantly influenced by roughness elements. Simultaneous use of the bed roughness and obstacle significantly reduces the front velocity downstream of the obstacle. The flow discharge per unit width significantly decreases downstream of the obstacle. Simultaneous use of an obstacle and roughness elements decreases the flow discharge per unit width by about 90%. An obstacle with height equal to 0.75 of the initial height of the turbidity current with the smooth bed blocks about 65% of the suspended sediment. While, simultaneous use of the obstacle and the roughness elements blocks about 95% of the suspended sediment.

通过室内实验研究了亚临界进流条件下浊度流的特性。为了研究固体障碍物和河床粗糙度对浊度流的影响,进行了24次实验。采用两个高度为0.01 m和0.03 m的梯形宏观粗糙度单元和三个高度为0.1 m ~ 0.3 m的三角形障碍物。确定了障碍物的前速度、速度剖面、体高、流量、悬浮载荷输送率和效率等参数。研究发现,在亚临界流态下,当障碍物高度为体高的2 ~ 3倍时,粗床上浊度流的主要部分得到控制。锋面高度的增长取决于入口泥沙浓度、粗糙度要素和障碍物高度。障碍物在平滑层上游的前速度与障碍物高度无关,受粗糙度因素影响显著。同时使用床面粗糙度和障碍物可以显著降低障碍物下游的前方速度。在障碍物下游,单位宽度的流量显著减小。同时使用障碍物和粗糙度元件可使单位宽度的流量减少约90%。一个高度等于浊流初始高度0.75的具有平滑河床的障碍物阻挡了大约65%的悬浮沉积物。而同时使用障碍物和粗糙度元素可以阻挡约95%的悬浮沉积物。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of horizontal eddy viscosity and bottom friction coefficients on morphodynamic evaluations 水平涡流粘度和底部摩擦系数对形态动力学评价的影响
IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2021.12.005
N. Saichenthur, K. Murali, V. Sundar

The horizontal eddy viscosity (ε) and bottom friction coefficient (Kbr) are important hydrodynamic parameters in the computation of flow fields that dictate the morphodynamics. The effect of the variations in ε and Kbr as well as their combination on the prediction of hydrodynamics and morphodynamics in the Cochin harbor and adjoining nearshore area (9.9312° N, 76.2673° E) has been investigated in detail. A tidal circulation model to solve the shallow water equation is applied with the different parameterizations of ε and Kbr. In order to understand its effect, ε is expressed as a function of depth averaged velocity and length scale of computation mesh, whereas Kbr is expressed as a function of depth. The validation of the model is carried out with the measured currents. The improvement in the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic predictions is demonstrated by implementing the spatially and temporally varying ε The predictions are further improved by implementing a spatially varying Kbr. It is seen that the simulations with varying ε and Kbr predict the morphodynamic behavior close to the field values. The performance of the model predictions is discussed in terms of R2, RMSE and BSS (Brier Skill Score).

水平涡流粘度(ε)和底部摩擦系数(Kbr)是流场计算中决定形态动力学的重要水动力参数。详细研究了ε和Kbr的变化及其组合对科钦港及其邻近近岸地区(9.9312°N, 76.2673°E)水动力和形态动力学预测的影响。采用ε和Kbr的不同参数化,建立了求解浅水方程的潮汐环流模型。为了理解其作用,将ε表示为深度、平均速度和计算网格长度尺度的函数,将Kbr表示为深度的函数。用实测电流对模型进行了验证。采用时空变化的ε可以改善水动力和形态动力预测,采用时空变化的Kbr可以进一步改善预测。可以看出,ε和Kbr变化的模拟所预测的形态动力学行为与场值接近。根据R2、RMSE和BSS (Brier Skill Score)来讨论模型预测的性能。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Journal of Hydro-environment Research
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