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Trend Analysis of Rainfall and Groundwater Level in Jaisalmer District of the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India 印度拉贾斯坦邦塔尔沙漠杰萨尔梅尔地区的降雨量和地下水位趋势分析

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807822100505

Abstract

In this paper, the trend analysis of groundwater level with reference to rainfall for a period from 1979 to 2022 has been carried out for the Thar district of Jaisalmer where the annual rainfall is the minimum in the state of Rajasthan. This area has not been researched for this kind of study earlier. Rainfall data have been collected from IMD (Indian Metrological Department) Pune whereas the groundwater data have been collected from CGWB (Central Ground Water Board, Govt. of India), GWD (Ground Water Department, Govt. of Rajasthan) and India-WRIS portal, Govt. of India. The collected data have been analysed in terms of fluctuations in groundwater level. Being located in the Thar Desert, Jaisalmer is the third largest and one of the hot districts in India where water availability plays a critical role. The statistical analysis has been performed by using Microsoft excel and XLSTAT statistical software in which Innovative trend analysis (ITA), Mann-Kendall Trend analysis Test (MK test) and Sen’s slope estimator have been used. It has been observed that the yearly rainfall shows significantly upward trend (p < 0.05) during the study period whereas the groundwater level has significantly decreasing trend (p = 0.044) which indicates that groundwater level is rising. ITA support the results of MK test. The climatic and geological factors including unauthorized extraction of groundwater for irrigation purposes are also responsible for groundwater level fluctuation. In order to get the optimum out of the incident rainfall in the district, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive study considering all relevant variables using advanced technology of assessment, measurement and extraction of groundwater, consumptive use of water, artificial recharge and regular monitoring at the level of local authorities in the field.

摘要本文参考 1979 年至 2022 年期间的降雨量，对拉贾斯坦邦年降雨量最少的杰萨尔梅尔的塔尔地区的地下水位进行了趋势分析。此前尚未对该地区进行过此类研究。降雨量数据从印度气象局（IMD）浦那收集，而地下水数据则从 CGWB（印度政府中央地下水委员会）、GWD（拉贾斯坦邦政府地下水部）和印度政府印度-水资源信息系统门户网站收集。对收集到的数据进行了地下水位波动分析。杰萨尔梅尔位于塔尔沙漠，是印度第三大和最炎热的地区之一，水的供应在这里起着至关重要的作用。统计分析是通过 Microsoft excel 和 XLSTAT 统计软件进行的，其中使用了创新趋势分析（ITA）、曼-肯德尔趋势分析测试（MK 测试）和森斜率估算器。研究发现，在研究期间，年降雨量呈明显上升趋势（p < 0.05），而地下水位呈明显下降趋势（p = 0.044），这表明地下水位正在上升。ITA 支持 MK 检验的结果。气候和地质因素，包括未经许可为灌溉目的抽取地下水，也是造成地下水位波动的原因。为了最大限度地利用该地区的降雨量，有必要利用先进的地下水评估、测量和抽取技术、消耗性用水、人工补给以及地方当局的实地定期监测技术，对所有相关变量进行综合研究。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical and Microbiological Composition of Tom River Bottom Sediments (Yurginskii District, Western Siberia) 西伯利亚西部尤尔金斯基地区汤姆河底部沉积物的化学和微生物组成

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1134/s009780782370015x

V. S. Ovsyannikova, I. V. Russkikh, E. B. Strel’nikova, P. B. Kadychagov

Abstract

Data of chemical and microbiological analyses of bottom sediment composition of the Tom R. near Yurga Town, Kemerov oblast, are given. All samples of bottom sediments were found to contain organic compounds of mixed, biogenic, and anthropogenic origin with the predominance of the latter. Clayey and silty bottom sediments show a higher content of ash-free substance, heavy metals, practically all classes of identified hydrocarbons, except for oxygen-containing and acyclic compounds. Bottom sediments with sand composition contain minimal concentrations of organic pollutants, and the proportions of hydrocarbons of different origin in them are comparable. Microbiological analysis showed the predominance of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in bottom sediments composed of clays and silty sand.

摘要本文报道了克麦罗夫州尤尔加镇附近的汤姆河湖底沉积物组成的化学和微生物学分析资料。所有海底沉积物样品均含有混合、生物源和人为来源的有机化合物，后者占主导地位。粘土和粉质底部沉积物显示出较高的无灰物质、重金属含量，几乎所有类别的已识别烃(含氧和无环化合物除外)含量。含砂成分的底部沉积物含有最低浓度的有机污染物，不同来源的碳氢化合物在其中的比例是相当的。微生物学分析表明，在由粘土和粉砂组成的底部沉积物中，烃类氧化菌占优势。

引用次数: 0

Using CAS Models to Investigate the Influence of Land Use on the Concentration of Cr(VI) in Groundwater, Case Study in the Central Region of Chengdu Plain, China 利用CAS模型研究土地利用方式对地下水中Cr(VI)浓度的影响——以成都平原中部地区为例

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807822601455

Z. Jing, L. Long-Chuang, Z. Jing-Gang, Z. Jian-Min, Du Hong Bo

Abstract

Groundwater is one of most important available water resources in Chengdu Plain. It is sole drinking water in some rural areas, while the concentration of some areas could not meet the drinking water standards. Thus, it is significant to investigate the relationship between the concentration of Cr(VI) and land use types. The concentration of Cr(VI) in 102 groundwater sampling wells were obtained, and the spatial distribution of hexavalent chromium in groundwater was interpolated by Kriging interpolation method. Then, the land use types were analyzed by ENVI. Contributing area surrogate models were employed to investigate the influence of land use type on the concentration of Cr(VI). The following results were obtained, (1) the hexavalent chromium concentrated in crop land, flower-plant/forest land and greenhouse land. (2) The “contributing area surrogate” for the hexavalent chromium pollution region is circular area with a radius of 1750 m. And the pollutant of hexavalent chromium in region groundwater has a good correlation with greenhouse and crop land.

摘要地下水是成都平原最重要的可利用水资源之一。部分农村地区为唯一饮用水，部分地区浓度达不到饮用水标准。因此，研究土壤中Cr(VI)浓度与土地利用类型的关系具有重要意义。获取了102口地下水采样井中Cr(VI)的浓度，并采用克里格插值法对地下水中六价铬的空间分布进行了插值。利用ENVI对土地利用类型进行分析。采用贡献区替代模型研究土地利用类型对Cr(VI)浓度的影响。结果表明:(1)六价铬在农田、花圃/林地和温室中富集;(2)六价铬污染区域的“贡献区替代物”为半径为1750 m的圆形区域。区域地下水中六价铬污染物与温室和农田有良好的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Utilizing Stable Isotopes and Major Ions to Isolate the Recharge Regime of an Alluvial-Proluvial Fan Aquifer in the Piedmont Region of the South Taihang Mountains, North China Plain 利用稳定同位素和主离子分离华北平原南太行山山前地区冲积-洪积扇含水层补给机制

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807822601509

J. Liu, M. Tsujimura, J. Zhang, Z. Yi

Abstract

A thorough understanding of groundwater recharge is critical for sustainable groundwater development in semi-arid areas. To determine the recharge regime in one alluvial-proluvial fan aquifer which usually acts as the main recharge zone of its local groundwater, field surveys and isotopic analyses were conducted in the piedmont region of the South Taihang Mountains of the North China Plain during the rainy (August) and dry (November) seasons. Precipitation could not effectively provide short-term recharge to the alluvial-proluvial fan aquifer due to the deep water table. The fault buried by the mountain front alluvial-proluvial deposits acts as a barrier, inhibiting effective recharge to the overlying Quaternary aquifer. Sulfate concentration and isotopes were more elevated in deep groundwater of the alluvial-proluvial fan area compared to that in the depression region, suggesting that lower deep groundwater potential has resulted in the inter-aquifer flow from the shallow alluvial-proluvial fan aquifer feeding the deep aquifer underneath. Inter-aquifer leakage showed an inverse relationship with the distance from the mountain edge, and its recharge may be influenced by the distribution of the aquitard in the deep aquifer of the proximal fan, leading to a decreased contribution of inter-aquifer leakage. Additionally, the deep groundwater flow in the Sha River alluvial-proluvial fan is disturbed by the hydraulic potential decline in the proximal fan region, as exhibited by a more complex flow pattern and reduced groundwater mixing zone. Our results increase understanding of piedmont hydrology and the management of its related water resources.

深入了解地下水补给对半干旱区地下水的可持续发展至关重要。为确定某冲积-洪积扇含水层的补给机制，在华北平原南太行山山前地区进行了多雨季节(8月)和干旱季节(11月)的野外调查和同位素分析。由于地下水位较深，降水不能有效地为冲积-洪积扇含水层提供短期补给。山前冲积-洪积沉积物埋藏的断层起到屏障作用，抑制了对上覆第四纪含水层的有效补给。与坳陷区相比，冲积-洪积扇区深层地下水中硫酸盐浓度和同位素均较高，说明深层地下水电位较低导致浅层冲积-洪积扇含水层向深层含水层供水。含水层间渗漏量与离山缘的距离呈反比关系，其补给量可能受近扇深层含水层中含水层分布的影响，导致含水层间渗漏量的贡献减小。此外，沙河冲积-洪积扇深层地下水流动受到近端水势下降的干扰，水流形态更为复杂，地下水混合带减小。我们的研究结果增加了对山前水文及其相关水资源管理的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristic of Oil Products in Bottom Sediments in Lake Pyasino by GC/MS Method 皮亚西诺湖湖底沉积物中油品特征的GC/MS分析

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823030065

E. S. Brodskii, A. A. Shelepchikov, A. D. Kudryavtseva, E. Ya. Mir-Kadyrova

Abstract

The integral methods commonly used to determine oil products, such as gravimetric, IR-photometric, and fluorescent do not take into account the nature of the analyzed compounds and the contribution of biogenic hydrocarbons, the assessment of which requires more detailed analysis, which can be made by GC/MS method. The oil products in Lake Pyasino bottom sediments show the presence of n-alkanes with a considerable predominance of C17 n-alkane and a small predominance of n-C₁₂, n-C₁₄, n-C₁₆, and n-C₁₈, reflecting the contribution of microorganisms and algae, as well as the predominance of n-C₂₃, n-C₂₅, n-C₂₇, n-C₂₉, n-C₃₁ due to the contribution of higher terrestrial plants. The chromatogram contains two “humps” of nonseparated compounds in the C₁₀−C₂₁ and C₂₂−C₃₃ regions. Oil products in them are mixtures of alkanes, cycloalkanes with 1–4 rings in a condensed system, and aromatic and naphthene-aromatic hydrocarbons with 1–3 benzol and 1–2 saturated rings in the condensed system, with alkyl substituents containing 0–12 (mostly, 2–8) C atoms.

摘要常用的油品测定综合方法，如重量法、红外光度法、荧光法等，没有考虑被分析化合物的性质和生物烃的贡献，对生物烃的评价需要更详细的分析，可以采用GC/MS法。Pyasino湖底沉积物油品中存在正构烷烃，以C17正构烷烃为主，以n-C12、n-C14、n-C16、n-C18为主，反映了微生物和藻类的贡献，也反映了高等陆生植物对n-C23、n-C25、n-C27、n-C29、n-C31的贡献。色谱图在C10 - C21和C22 - C33区域包含两个未分离化合物的“峰”。其中的石油产品是烷烃、具有1-4环的缩合体系环烷烃、具有1-3苯环和1-2饱和环的缩合体系芳烃和环烷芳烃的混合物，烷基取代基含有0-12(主要是2-8)C原子。

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引用次数: 0

Study on Spatial-Temporal Differentiation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Evaluation in Liaoning Province 辽宁省水资源承载力评价的时空分异研究

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807822602023

Liu Maohua, Liu Le

Abstract

In order to study the spatial-temporal variation in the carrying capacity of water resources in Liaoning Province, 14 cities in Liaoning are used as research units based on the TOPSIS model (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution). Firstly, the evaluation index system is constructed, and the subjective and objective assignment method combining the AHP method (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and entropy method are adopted to assign weights to the evaluation indexes. Again, the TOPSIS model is combined with GIS (Geographic Information System) to present the results. Finally, through the analysis of the research results, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. It is found that the T value of TOPSIS model closeness in Dalian and Yingkou is the closest to 0.2, which indicates that the carrying capacity is of high quality. The average T value of Fuxin is only 0.0949. The area of high-quality water resources carrying capacity in Liaoning has expanded from 8281 to 12 650 km². The area of low level has expanded from 31 743 to 57 453 km². The alarm area has expanded slightly. Intermediate area and good area has a certain reduction. The research results can provide a reference for the study of water resource, and lay a foundation for the work of economic development and environmental protection in Liaoning Province.

摘要为了研究辽宁省水资源承载力的时空变化特征，以辽宁省14个城市为研究单元，采用TOPSIS模型(order Preference Technique by Similarity to a Ideal Solution)进行研究。首先构建评价指标体系，采用层次分析法和熵值法相结合的主客观赋值方法对评价指标进行权重赋值。同样，TOPSIS模型与GIS(地理信息系统)相结合来呈现结果。最后，通过对研究结果的分析，提出相应的对策和建议。发现大连和营口的TOPSIS模型贴近度T值最接近0.2，表明承载力质量较高。阜新的平均T值仅为0.0949。辽宁省优质水资源承载面积由8281 km2扩大到12650 km2。低空面积从31 743 km2扩大到57 453 km2。报警区域略有扩大。中间面积和良好面积有一定的缩小。研究结果可为水资源研究提供参考，为辽宁省经济发展和环境保护工作奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing Hazardous Manifestations of Horizontal Channel Deformations in Rivers of the Ob–Irtysh Basin 评估 Ob-Irtysh 流域河流水平河道变形的危险表现形式

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1134/S0097807823700124

A. A. Kurakova

引用次数: 0

Microplastic Concentrations in Bottom Sediments of the Lakes of Specially Protected Natural Territories: Case Study of the Kizhskie Skerries, Lake Onega and Vodlozero Lake 自然保护区湖泊底部沉积物中的微塑料浓度:以基日斯基湖、奥涅加湖和沃特洛泽洛湖为例

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823030144

M. B. Zobkov, T. A. Efremova

Abstract

The concentrations of microplastic were determined in bottom sediments of water bodies in specially protected natural territories—Vodlozerskii National Park (Lake Vodlozero) and Kizhi Museum–Reserve (Kizhskie skerries, Lake Onega). The samples were taken at four stations in the Kizhskie skerries, Lake Onega, and at five stations in Lake Vodlozero. Microplastic (≥200 µm) was extracted from the samples by density separation. A random sample of particles was subject to chemical analysis with the use of micro-Fourier-spectrometry. Microplastic was found in all samples. In the Kizhskie skerries, the average concentration of the particles was 3413 ± 1965 pcs/kg dry weight of sediment, which is slightly higher than that determined before for Petrozavoskaya Bay and the open part of Lake Onega. According to chemical analysis, synthetic polymers account for 55% of particles, 21% are modified cellulose, and 24% are of natural origin. Microplastic concentration was maximal near the main passenger berth of Kizhi Museum–Reserve. The mean concentration of particles in the bottom sediments of Vodlozero Lake was lower than that in the Kizhskie Skerries and amounted to 1506 ± 845 pcs/kg, of which 81% are synthetic polymers, 9% are modified cellulose, 10% are polymers of natural origin. The lower concentration of particles of anthropogenic origin in Lake Vodlozero compared with the Kizhskie Skerries is in agreement with the number of tourists-visitors to these natural territories.

摘要对特殊自然保护区域——伏德洛泽洛国家公园(伏德洛泽洛湖)和基日博物馆保护区(基日斯基斯克里、奥涅加湖)水体底泥中微塑料的浓度进行了测定。样本在基日斯基山脉、奥涅加湖的4个站点和沃特洛泽洛湖的5个站点采集。采用密度分离法提取样品中的微塑料(≥200µm)。用微傅立叶光谱法对随机取样的颗粒进行化学分析。在所有样本中都发现了微塑料。在基日斯基海沟中，颗粒的平均浓度为3413±1965 pcs/kg干重，略高于之前在彼得罗扎沃斯卡亚湾和奥涅加湖开放部分测定的颗粒浓度。根据化学分析，合成聚合物占颗粒的55%，改性纤维素占21%，天然来源占24%。基知博物馆保护区主要旅客泊位附近微塑料浓度最高。volozero湖底沉积物中颗粒的平均浓度为1506±845 pcs/kg，低于Kizhskie skries，其中81%为合成聚合物，9%为改性纤维素，10%为天然聚合物。与基日斯基湖相比，沃特洛泽洛湖的人为颗粒浓度较低，这与到这些自然区域旅游的游客数量是一致的。

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引用次数: 0

Calculation of Water Quality Index and Its Use for Water Quality Assessment in Lake Sevan 色万湖水质指标的计算及其在水质评价中的应用

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823030041

G. H. Babayan, A. A. Zhukova, Yu. K. Veres

Abstract

The article gives an example of the choice and implementation of a method for water quality assessment for a large high-mountain lake with long-term unstable level regime and variable morphometry (artificial level decrease by 19 m followed by an increase by 4 m and more). The choice of a procedure for water quality assessment for such a water body requires non-standard solutions. This is made with the use of a modern modification of the Delphi expert panel method. This method gives a quantitative estimate of water quality relative to the initial/desirable state that all managers strive for in order to achieve and maintain water quality. The index of Lake Sevan water quality index SWQI is based on seven priority characteristics with the weight of each of them taken into account. The long-term dynamics of this index confirmed the managerial impact of lake level rise on water quality: a poor water quality (a minimal value of SWQI = 20) was recorded in the years of the lowest level (1976–1990), while a good water quality (the maximal value of SWQI = 69), in the years of highest level (2016–2020); (the coefficient of correlation was 0.82). The advantages of the used index SWQI include the relatively low dependence of the index on the availability of a database and the possibility to use the estimate for balancing the environmental and socioeconomic interests. The general approach to SWQI model can be used to evaluate the water quality of such lakes all over the world.

摘要本文以某大型高山湖泊为例，介绍了长期水位不稳定、形态变化(人工水位下降19 m后又上升4 m以上)的水质评价方法的选择与实施。为这样一个水体选择水质评价程序需要非标准的解决方案。这是利用现代修改的德尔菲专家小组方法。这种方法给出了相对于所有管理者为达到和保持水质而努力争取的初始/理想状态的水质定量估计。Sevan湖水质指数SWQI是基于7个优先特征，并考虑了每个优先特征的权重。该指数的长期动态证实了湖泊水位上升对水质的管理影响:最低水位年份(1976-1990年)水质较差(SWQI最小值= 20)，最高水位年份(2016-2020年)水质较好(SWQI最大值= 69);(相关系数0.82)。所使用的指数SWQI的优点包括该指数对数据库可用性的依赖性相对较低，并且可以使用该估计来平衡环境和社会经济利益。SWQI模型的一般方法可用于评价世界范围内此类湖泊的水质。

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引用次数: 0

The Present-Day Structure of the Temperature and Current Fields in Lake Sevan 塞万湖温度场和水流场的现今结构

IF 1 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 WATER RESOURCES

Water Resources

Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700161

S. A. Poddubnyi, B. K. Gabrielyan, A. I. Tsvetkov

Abstract

Long-term features of the vertical and horizontal structure of water temperature field in Lake Sevan are discussed. It is shown that the climate warming has led to an increase in epilimnion temperature in Bol’shoi Sevan in July by 2.0‒3.0°C. The increase in water temperature in hypolimnion was not greater than 1.1°C. In autumn (October), the epilimnion became 1.2°C warmer, while hypolimnion temperature practically has not changed on the average over years. Temperature fields were used to calculate the density currents in summer and autumn periods. A dominating cyclonic water circulation was revealed all over the lake, confirmed by chlorophyll distribution by satellite image data. In the case of large horizontal gradients of water density, the flow velocity can reach 50 cm/s. Autonomous buoy stations revealed a wide range of water temperature variations due to internal waves of different nature. The reversible vertical mixing of water mass by internal waves plays an important role in the distribution of nutrients and plankton within the water mass. The water level rise by ~3 m, unlike it drop by 1981 by 18.48, has not caused any significant changes in lake hydrological regime.

摘要讨论了塞万湖水温场纵向和横向结构的长期特征。结果表明，气候变暖导致7月波沙伊塞万地区的最低气温升高2.0 ~ 3.0℃。低阴离子条件下水温升高不大于1.1℃。秋季(10月)，阴离子温度升高1.2°C，而阴离子温度多年平均几乎没有变化。利用温度场计算了夏季和秋季的密度流。卫星影像资料的叶绿素分布证实了湖上主要的气旋水循环。在水密度水平梯度较大的情况下，流速可达50 cm/s。自主浮标站揭示了不同性质的内波对水温变化的影响。内波对水体的可逆垂直混合对水体内营养物和浮游生物的分布起着重要的作用。与1981年18.48的水位下降不同，3 m的水位上升没有引起湖泊水文状况的显著变化。

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引用次数: 0