Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807822602187
B. Kai, S. Hui, H. Guilei, Y. Hao, Y. Junpeng, C. Xi
Abstract
The study of groundwater hydrogeochemistry is of great significance to the development, utilization and protection of regional groundwater resources. In this paper, a complete and comprehensive analysis of three runoff zones is carried out in the Fengfeng mining area of Handan City, Hebei Province, China. The Piper trilinear diagram is used to analyze the types of karst groundwater hydrochemistry, the ionic proportionality coefficient method is used to analyze the sources of groundwater chemistry and the formation process, the chlorine-alkali index is used to react to the exchange reactions between cations, and PHREEQC software is also used to invert the groundwater simulation. The results are: the type of karst water hydrochemical in the study area is mainly HCO3·SO4–Ca·Mg; the ions are mainly influenced by rock halite, carbonate, sulphate, silicate and cation exchange; in the groundwater runoff zone, aragonite, calcite and dolomite are in saturated state, while gypsum and rock halite are in unsaturated state. The study of karst groundwater hydrochemical types, analysis of water-rock interaction and exploration of hydrogeochemical evolution mechanisms are intended to provide reference for karst water supply security and water resources utilization.
{"title":"Hydrogeochemical Modeling of Karst Groundwater in the Fengfeng Mining Area","authors":"B. Kai, S. Hui, H. Guilei, Y. Hao, Y. Junpeng, C. Xi","doi":"10.1134/s0097807822602187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807822602187","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study of groundwater hydrogeochemistry is of great significance to the development, utilization and protection of regional groundwater resources. In this paper, a complete and comprehensive analysis of three runoff zones is carried out in the Fengfeng mining area of Handan City, Hebei Province, China. The Piper trilinear diagram is used to analyze the types of karst groundwater hydrochemistry, the ionic proportionality coefficient method is used to analyze the sources of groundwater chemistry and the formation process, the chlorine-alkali index is used to react to the exchange reactions between cations, and PHREEQC software is also used to invert the groundwater simulation. The results are: the type of karst water hydrochemical in the study area is mainly HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>–Ca·Mg; the ions are mainly influenced by rock halite, carbonate, sulphate, silicate and cation exchange; in the groundwater runoff zone, aragonite, calcite and dolomite are in saturated state, while gypsum and rock halite are in unsaturated state. The study of karst groundwater hydrochemical types, analysis of water-rock interaction and exploration of hydrogeochemical evolution mechanisms are intended to provide reference for karst water supply security and water resources utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823600729
J. Sanyal
Abstract
Size of the reservoir and dam operation are cited as the primary causes of changes in the post-dam downstream hydrograph in scientific literature. This study investigates whether upstream basin and climatological characteristics also contribute to such changes. Drawing upon the case study of 18 sites across Peninsular India, we employed Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) with two dam-related and five geophysical as well as climatological factors of upstream basins as predictors to determine key influencing causes. Pre- and post-dam flow duration curves were used to characterise changes in flow post dam construction. We considered periods with the least rainfall difference pre- and post-dam and eliminated rainfall’s effect on downstream hydrograph changes. Two additional machine learning feature extraction algorithms, such as SelectKBest with f_regression and mutual information score, were also deployed to identify the most influential driver of changes in the post-dam downstream hydrograph. The outcome of three separate methods provided a robust and unbiased result. The three methods agreed that while dams are the primary determinant of changes in the typical peak monsoon flow and overall flow variability, potential evapotranspiration and land use-soil-slope, represented by US Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (CN) of the upstream catchment, could also be key factors affecting changes in the post-dam flood peak. These findings highlight the importance of considering the geophysical and climatological characteristics of upstream catchments when assessing the impact of dam construction on downstream hydrology, and potentially aid in the placement, size, and operation of new and existing reservoirs.
{"title":"Assessing the Influence of Upstream Basin and Climatic Characteristics on Post-Dam Downstream Streamflow Changes: Empirical Insights from Peninsular India","authors":"J. Sanyal","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823600729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823600729","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Size of the reservoir and dam operation are cited as the primary causes of changes in the post-dam downstream hydrograph in scientific literature. This study investigates whether upstream basin and climatological characteristics also contribute to such changes. Drawing upon the case study of 18 sites across Peninsular India, we employed Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) with two dam-related and five geophysical as well as climatological factors of upstream basins as predictors to determine key influencing causes. Pre- and post-dam flow duration curves were used to characterise changes in flow post dam construction. We considered periods with the least rainfall difference pre- and post-dam and eliminated rainfall’s effect on downstream hydrograph changes. Two additional machine learning feature extraction algorithms, such as SelectKBest with f_regression and mutual information score, were also deployed to identify the most influential driver of changes in the post-dam downstream hydrograph. The outcome of three separate methods provided a robust and unbiased result. The three methods agreed that while dams are the primary determinant of changes in the typical peak monsoon flow and overall flow variability, potential evapotranspiration and land use-soil-slope, represented by US Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (CN) of the upstream catchment, could also be key factors affecting changes in the post-dam flood peak. These findings highlight the importance of considering the geophysical and climatological characteristics of upstream catchments when assessing the impact of dam construction on downstream hydrology, and potentially aid in the placement, size, and operation of new and existing reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700185
S. R. Chalov, I. S. Denisova, V. Yu. Grigor’ev
Abstract
Long-term variations in the water balance were analyzed in the basins of 20 largest tributaries of the Baikal. The values of river runoff were derived from actual data on the period from 1976 to 2019, and those of evaporation, precipitation, and potential evaporation, from ERA5-Land reanalysis since 1976 to 2020. Data were obtained to show an increase in the potential evaporation in all analyzed drainage basins by values from 0.39 to 0.62% per year since 1976 to 2020. A moderate or statistically insignificant decrease is typical of precipitation (0.25 to 0.59% per year) and water discharges, mostly due to a decrease in the summer runoff at a rate of 5.6%/10 years. The possible role of changes in vegetation cover in these processes was studied by evaluating NDVI parameter in 2019 compared with 2002 by data of space surveys MOD13A3 and MYD13A3 with MODIS spectroradiometer of Terra and Aqua satellites. A conclusion was made about the key role of precipitation in the decrease in the maximal runoff in Lake Baikal basin.
{"title":"Changes in Water Balance Elements in the Basins of the Largest Tributaries of Lake Baikal in the Late XX–Early XXI Century","authors":"S. R. Chalov, I. S. Denisova, V. Yu. Grigor’ev","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700185","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Long-term variations in the water balance were analyzed in the basins of 20 largest tributaries of the Baikal. The values of river runoff were derived from actual data on the period from 1976 to 2019, and those of evaporation, precipitation, and potential evaporation, from ERA5-Land reanalysis since 1976 to 2020. Data were obtained to show an increase in the potential evaporation in all analyzed drainage basins by values from 0.39 to 0.62% per year since 1976 to 2020. A moderate or statistically insignificant decrease is typical of precipitation (0.25 to 0.59% per year) and water discharges, mostly due to a decrease in the summer runoff at a rate of 5.6%/10 years. The possible role of changes in vegetation cover in these processes was studied by evaluating NDVI parameter in 2019 compared with 2002 by data of space surveys MOD13A3 and MYD13A3 with MODIS spectroradiometer of Terra and Aqua satellites. A conclusion was made about the key role of precipitation in the decrease in the maximal runoff in Lake Baikal basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700148
M. V. Mikhailova
Abstract
A general geographic characteristic of the Vistula basin and mouth area is given; brief data on the modern hydrological regime of the river mouth are presented. The history of floods in the Vistula delta and their studies is considered in detail, as well as delta evolution and the dynamics of its hydrographic network.
{"title":"Floods in the Vistula Mouth Area and Their Effect on Changes in the Delta Hydrographic Network","authors":"M. V. Mikhailova","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700148","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A general geographic characteristic of the Vistula basin and mouth area is given; brief data on the modern hydrological regime of the river mouth are presented. The history of floods in the Vistula delta and their studies is considered in detail, as well as delta evolution and the dynamics of its hydrographic network.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700112
M. A. Kozlova, N. M. Shchegol’kova
Abstract
English-language scientific publications on the natural degradation and transformation of medicinal substances in the aquatic environment under the effect of various factors are reviewed. The medicines that are most common in water are listed. The main source of pollution is shown to be poorly treated municipal sewage. The factors that affect the fate of substances in the medium and are considered in the article are the dilution or concentration due to changes in the hydrological regime or the conditions of the use of medicines, water pH, wind-wave roiling, photodegradation, bioaccumulation, etc. The analysis of foreign studies of drug contamination was used to make conclusions about the prospects of the development of these areas for use in Russian studies.
{"title":"Factors of Degradation, Transformation, and Distribution of Medicinal Substances in the Water–Bottom Sediment System","authors":"M. A. Kozlova, N. M. Shchegol’kova","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700112","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>English-language scientific publications on the natural degradation and transformation of medicinal substances in the aquatic environment under the effect of various factors are reviewed. The medicines that are most common in water are listed. The main source of pollution is shown to be poorly treated municipal sewage. The factors that affect the fate of substances in the medium and are considered in the article are the dilution or concentration due to changes in the hydrological regime or the conditions of the use of medicines, water pH, wind-wave roiling, photodegradation, bioaccumulation, etc. The analysis of foreign studies of drug contamination was used to make conclusions about the prospects of the development of these areas for use in Russian studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700136
S. Yu. Lupakov, A. N. Bugaets, L. V. Gonchukov, O. V. Sokolov, N. D. Bugaets
Abstract
The efficiency of runoff simulation, the values of parameters, and the dynamics of the estimated runoff components were analyzed for two conceptual hydrological models GR4J and HBV for 17 watersheds in the Upper Ussuri River (Primorsky Krai, Russia) with areas from 138 to 24 400 km2. Both models demonstrate an increase in the simulation efficiency (based on NSE criterion) with an increase in the catchment area up to 1–2 thousand km2, after which they stabilize within the interval of 0.75–0.85 for the calibration period and 0.70–0.80 for the verification period. The estimates obtained for the HBV model were 5–10% higher than those for the GR4J model. Analysis of the measured and calculated annual runoff maximums over the warm season suggests the conclusion that GR4J model is on the average 5–6% more efficient than the HBV model in calculating the maximal values of rain flood discharges. At the same time, the obtained values of the relative error BIAS demonstrate a more accurate reproduction of the annual average runoff by the HBV model. The main distinctions determining the efficiency of simulation in the study region are as follows: the method of considering the precipitation height increments within altitude belts, the specific features of the calculation of model evapotranspiration, the method for calculating the outflow from conceptual runoff-forming storages in the GR4J and HBV models.
{"title":"Comparison of Runoff Components, Water Balance, and the Parameters of Conceptual Models HBV and GR4J: Case Study of the Upper Ussuri Basin (South of Primorsky Region, Pacific Russia)","authors":"S. Yu. Lupakov, A. N. Bugaets, L. V. Gonchukov, O. V. Sokolov, N. D. Bugaets","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700136","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The efficiency of runoff simulation, the values of parameters, and the dynamics of the estimated runoff components were analyzed for two conceptual hydrological models GR4J and HBV for 17 watersheds in the Upper Ussuri River (Primorsky Krai, Russia) with areas from 138 to 24 400 km<sup>2</sup>. Both models demonstrate an increase in the simulation efficiency (based on NSE criterion) with an increase in the catchment area up to 1–2 thousand km<sup>2</sup>, after which they stabilize within the interval of 0.75–0.85 for the calibration period and 0.70–0.80 for the verification period. The estimates obtained for the HBV model were 5–10% higher than those for the GR4J model. Analysis of the measured and calculated annual runoff maximums over the warm season suggests the conclusion that GR4J model is on the average 5–6% more efficient than the HBV model in calculating the maximal values of rain flood discharges. At the same time, the obtained values of the relative error BIAS demonstrate a more accurate reproduction of the annual average runoff by the HBV model. The main distinctions determining the efficiency of simulation in the study region are as follows: the method of considering the precipitation height increments within altitude belts, the specific features of the calculation of model evapotranspiration, the method for calculating the outflow from conceptual runoff-forming storages in the GR4J and HBV models.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700100
S. G. Dobrovolskii, V. P. Yushkov, I. V. Solomonova
Abstract
Long-term (up to 165 years) series of globally averaged values of the main water exchange components, obtained as the result of historic experiments on several dozen (from 34 to 41) climate models of CMIP-6 project, are analyzed. The examined characteristics include variations of evaporation from ocean surface, precipitation over the ocean, effective evaporation from the ocean (total horizontal moisture transfer in the atmosphere from the ocean to land), and total model river runoff from the continents. It is shown that the model precipitation over the ocean effectively filters out the monotonic positive trend in evaporation from the ocean and, therefore, increases the stationarity of the total chain of global water exchange, including long-term changes in the global river runoff.
{"title":"Changes in the Global Water Exchange by the Results of Historical Experiments on Climate Models under CMIP-6 Project","authors":"S. G. Dobrovolskii, V. P. Yushkov, I. V. Solomonova","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700100","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Long-term (up to 165 years) series of globally averaged values of the main water exchange components, obtained as the result of historic experiments on several dozen (from 34 to 41) climate models of CMIP-6 project, are analyzed. The examined characteristics include variations of evaporation from ocean surface, precipitation over the ocean, effective evaporation from the ocean (total horizontal moisture transfer in the atmosphere from the ocean to land), and total model river runoff from the continents. It is shown that the model precipitation over the ocean effectively filters out the monotonic positive trend in evaporation from the ocean and, therefore, increases the stationarity of the total chain of global water exchange, including long-term changes in the global river runoff.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823600110
A. Datta, R. Das
Abstract
Influence of boulder concentration on the physical process of energy balance among the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget terms in a gravel bed stream is investigated. Flow measurements were carried out in a rectangular open channel by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) along the centre-line transects. An array of immobile boulders with large stream-wise boulder-to-boulder spacing was staggered over the gravel bed surface. Double averaging methodology (DAM) was used to analyse the measured data. The experimental results show that the TKE-budget components measured at the wake flow region differs significantly and the effect of large boulders extends up to five time of the boulder diameter in the wake flow region. The TKE production, diffusion and pressure energy diffusion rate components attains their peak values near the boulder crest level, while the TKE dissipation rate attains its peak value at the stream bed level. The results of turbulent kinetic energy budget distributions reveal to our understanding that the magnitude of the pressure energy diffusion rate at the near-bed region corroborates enhanced turbulence production which is attributed to vortex shedding and flow recirculation.
{"title":"Assessment of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Balance within the Boulder Array in Gravel Bed Stream","authors":"A. Datta, R. Das","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823600110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823600110","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Influence of boulder concentration on the physical process of energy balance among the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget terms in a gravel bed stream is investigated. Flow measurements were carried out in a rectangular open channel by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) along the centre-line transects. An array of immobile boulders with large stream-wise boulder-to-boulder spacing was staggered over the gravel bed surface. Double averaging methodology (DAM) was used to analyse the measured data. The experimental results show that the TKE-budget components measured at the wake flow region differs significantly and the effect of large boulders extends up to five time of the boulder diameter in the wake flow region. The TKE production, diffusion and pressure energy diffusion rate components attains their peak values near the boulder crest level, while the TKE dissipation rate attains its peak value at the stream bed level. The results of turbulent kinetic energy budget distributions reveal to our understanding that the magnitude of the pressure energy diffusion rate at the near-bed region corroborates enhanced turbulence production which is attributed to vortex shedding and flow recirculation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"478 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700203
N. V. Kulik, M. B. Zobkov, N. A. Efremenko, V. V. Kovalevski, V. S. Rozhkova
Abstract
The sorption capacity of microplastic in respect of heavy metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb) in the natural water of Lake Onego was investigated. Microplastic particles of polyethylene terephthalate were obtained by grinding a plastic bottle aged in natural conditions. The type of polymer used to produce microplastics and the degree of its destruction were investigated using Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and micro Fourier Transform infra-red Spectroscopy. The concentrations of metal additives in the model aqueous solutions for the construction of isotherms were close to those in Lake Onego and its tributaries. Obtained isotherms of metals sorption on the surface of microplastics in natural waters differed from those widely reported in the literature for model solutions based on distilled water. Conventional Langmuir and Freundlich models were able to describe sorption processes in Lake Onego water only within certain ranges of element concentrations, what is primarily due to the presence of natural organic matter and Fe and Mn hydroxides in the water of Lake Onego.
{"title":"Features of Heavy Metals Sorption by Microplastics in Environmentally Relevant Conditions","authors":"N. V. Kulik, M. B. Zobkov, N. A. Efremenko, V. V. Kovalevski, V. S. Rozhkova","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700203","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The sorption capacity of microplastic in respect of heavy metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb) in the natural water of Lake Onego was investigated. Microplastic particles of polyethylene terephthalate were obtained by grinding a plastic bottle aged in natural conditions. The type of polymer used to produce microplastics and the degree of its destruction were investigated using Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and micro Fourier Transform infra-red Spectroscopy. The concentrations of metal additives in the model aqueous solutions for the construction of isotherms were close to those in Lake Onego and its tributaries. Obtained isotherms of metals sorption on the surface of microplastics in natural waters differed from those widely reported in the literature for model solutions based on distilled water. Conventional Langmuir and Freundlich models were able to describe sorption processes in Lake Onego water only within certain ranges of element concentrations, what is primarily due to the presence of natural organic matter and Fe and Mn hydroxides in the water of Lake Onego.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.1134/s0097807823700173
L. S. Rybnikova, M. G. Morozov, P. A. Rybnikov, N. L. Frolova, A. V. Komin
Abstract
The Republic of Kalmykia is located in the northwestern part of the Caspian Region and belongs to arid regions. The issue of water resources availability is extremely relevant here. Groundwater plays an important role in this aspect as a main and often the only source of drinking water supply. However, its use is limited because of its low natural quality. An approach to an increase in the operational groundwater reserves is its artificial replenishment. The Russian Research Institute for Integrated Use and Protection of Water Resources in 2020–2021 studied the possibility of replenishing water resources of subsurface water bodies in the Republic of Kalmykia by the accumulation of surface water. The results of the studies suggested a conclusion that the artificial replenishment of groundwater in the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia is inexpedient, because even in years with the surface runoff volume with 50% exceedance probability, the volume of surface runoff will be not enough for freshening groundwater within a year to the standard level (TDS ≤1.0 g/dm3). The formation of a permanent freshwater lens (the presence of which is of particular importance in dry years) in an aquifer within the system including infiltration basin and water well is impossible because its full drawdown will take place every year.
{"title":"Artificial Groundwater Replenishment in the Republic of Kalmykia: The Sources, Problems, and Perspectives","authors":"L. S. Rybnikova, M. G. Morozov, P. A. Rybnikov, N. L. Frolova, A. V. Komin","doi":"10.1134/s0097807823700173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0097807823700173","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The Republic of Kalmykia is located in the northwestern part of the Caspian Region and belongs to arid regions. The issue of water resources availability is extremely relevant here. Groundwater plays an important role in this aspect as a main and often the only source of drinking water supply. However, its use is limited because of its low natural quality. An approach to an increase in the operational groundwater reserves is its artificial replenishment. The Russian Research Institute for Integrated Use and Protection of Water Resources in 2020–2021 studied the possibility of replenishing water resources of subsurface water bodies in the Republic of Kalmykia by the accumulation of surface water. The results of the studies suggested a conclusion that the artificial replenishment of groundwater in the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia is inexpedient, because even in years with the surface runoff volume with 50% exceedance probability, the volume of surface runoff will be not enough for freshening groundwater within a year to the standard level (TDS ≤1.0 g/dm<sup>3</sup>). The formation of a permanent freshwater lens (the presence of which is of particular importance in dry years) in an aquifer within the system including infiltration basin and water well is impossible because its full drawdown will take place every year.</p>","PeriodicalId":49368,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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