Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献_第7页

Rock mass instability early warning model: A case study of a high and steep annular slope mining areas using Sen’s slope trend analysis

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106514

Jiachuang Wang, Longjun Dong, Shengyu Ji

As mineral resources continue to be developed, the risk of rock mass instability from deep mining has gradually increased, particularly in high and steep annular slope mining areas, where hazards such as landslides and rock collapses are more prevalent. Consequently, establishing a reliable and early warning model is crucial. This study proposes a multi-index fusion early warning model for rock mass instability based on Sen’s slope trend analysis. First, the microseismic activity patterns and source parameters of a gold mine in northwest China were analyzed. Using a rock mass instability event as a case study, the cumulative Benioff strain, b-value, S-value, energy index, cumulative apparent volume, and Hurst exponent were selected to explore the change patterns of these indicators before the event. Next, the trends of these indicators were analyzed using a sliding time window and Sen’s slope method, and the correlation between the event occurrence (target variable) and indicator values (characteristic variables) was calculated, leading to the development of a rock mass instability warning method and multi-index fusion rock mass instability warning index, the Q-value. Finally, the model generated a visual cloud chart for real-time monitoring of Q-value changes across different areas. By observing the trend of early warning index changes over time or space, potential danger zones can be effectively predicted. Results show that the early warning model based on Sen’s slope trend analysis is highly effective in providing early warnings for rock mass instability in high and steep annular slope mining areas. The proposed warning model offers valuable technical support for mine managers, enabling stratified management strategies and ensuring safe mine operations.

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引用次数: 0

Study on the instability mode of a tunnel face under variable seepage conditions in sandy soil shield tunnels: Centrifuge tests and numerical simulation

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106515

Xiaolin Weng , Bohan Dang , Xuancong Li , Fei Ye , Yangchen Ma

Shield tunnel excavation in water-rich sandy soil experiences rapid seepage variations at the tunnel face due to groundwater level fluctuations. To study the instability mode of the tunnel face in water-rich sandy soil under variable seepage conditions, taking a metro construction project as the engineering background, a set of tunnel face instability devices including a water level control system suitable for a geotechnical centrifuge were independently developed. Centrifuge model tests were conducted using the self-designed model device. The displacement field, earth pressure, and pore pressure in the instability zone were automatically measured during the experiments. Complementary numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the limit support pressure at the tunnel face under variable seepage conditions. Results show that under variable seepage conditions, the instability zone of the tunnel face in a sandy soil shield tunnel exhibits a “wedge + prism + iterative arch” type and displays an angle of approximately 45° + φ/2 (where φ represents the friction angle of the soil) between the inclined plane of the wedge and the horizontal direction. The top of the final instability zone extends to the surface to form a “chimney” shape. During the instability process, the earth pressure within the instability zone is continuously decreased, the displacement of the strata leads to an increase in the seepage channels, and the pore pressure increases. The changes in the earth and pore pressures become more pronounced when approaching the tunnel face. The increase in seepage intensity accelerates the development of the instability zone and increases the changes in the earth and pore pressures. The stability of the strata in the instability zone decreases rapidly with increasing seepage intensity. The limit support pressure at is primarily governed by the initial groundwater level and the rate of seepage intensity variation.

{"title":"Study on the instability mode of a tunnel face under variable seepage conditions in sandy soil shield tunnels: Centrifuge tests and numerical simulation","authors":"Xiaolin Weng , Bohan Dang , Xuancong Li , Fei Ye , Yangchen Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shield tunnel excavation in water-rich sandy soil experiences rapid seepage variations at the tunnel face due to groundwater level fluctuations. To study the instability mode of the tunnel face in water-rich sandy soil under variable seepage conditions, taking a metro construction project as the engineering background, a set of tunnel face instability devices including a water level control system suitable for a geotechnical centrifuge were independently developed. Centrifuge model tests were conducted using the self-designed model device. The displacement field, earth pressure, and pore pressure in the instability zone were automatically measured during the experiments. Complementary numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the limit support pressure at the tunnel face under variable seepage conditions. Results show that under variable seepage conditions, the instability zone of the tunnel face in a sandy soil shield tunnel exhibits a “wedge + prism + iterative arch” type and displays an angle of approximately 45° + <em>φ</em>/2 (where <em>φ</em> represents the friction angle of the soil) between the inclined plane of the wedge and the horizontal direction. The top of the final instability zone extends to the surface to form a “chimney” shape. During the instability process, the earth pressure within the instability zone is continuously decreased, the displacement of the strata leads to an increase in the seepage channels, and the pore pressure increases. The changes in the earth and pore pressures become more pronounced when approaching the tunnel face. The increase in seepage intensity accelerates the development of the instability zone and increases the changes in the earth and pore pressures. The stability of the strata in the instability zone decreases rapidly with increasing seepage intensity. The limit support pressure at is primarily governed by the initial groundwater level and the rate of seepage intensity variation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 106515"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

FDEM numerical study on the large deformation mechanism of layered rock mass tunnel under excavation-unloading disturbance

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106497

Ping Liu , Hongtao Wang , Quansheng Liu , Xiaojing Li , Yuanxuan Dong , Xianqi Xie

During tunnel excavation, the unloading effect leads to a weakening of the mechanical properties of the rock mass, with mechanical parameters exhibiting dynamic variations throughout the unloading process. Therefore, the dynamic evolution of mechanical parameters is a crucial aspect that must be considered in numerical simulations. Through unloading mechanical tests on the slate, this study establishes a quantitative linear relationship model between unloading and changes in deformation modulus and cohesion and further extends this model to tensile strength parameters. Using a horizontally stratified slate tunnel excavation as an example, numerical simulations were conducted to examine the large deformation, fracturing, and swelling process of layered rock masses under the deterioration of cohesion, tensile strength, and deformation modulus. The results show that the weakening of the deformation modulus due to unloading has a minimal impact on rock mass response, while the degradation of cohesion and tensile strength is the critical factor causing large deformations in tunnels. Additionally, as the deterioration of cohesion and tensile strength intensifies, the extent of fracturing and the range of the highly damaged zone in the rock mass significantly increase. The Muzhailing Tunnel project case study verifies the reliability of the proposed FDEM method, which incorporates the effects of unloading-induced weakening, and demonstrates the necessity of accounting for the degradation of mechanical parameters in FDEM simulations.

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引用次数: 0

Graffiti in pedestrian tunnels: A comparison of police records and crowdsourced data in Stockholm, Sweden

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106482

Vania Ceccato , Ioannis Ioannidis , Marcus Felson

Using 1281 pedestrian tunnels scattered over Stockholm, Sweden’s capital, we investigate the nature and distribution of graffiti in three types of underpasses (pathways, cycleways, and stairways). Combining crowdsourced data and police records, we compare graffiti levels and geography using fieldwork inspections, regression models, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The findings indicate that graffiti recorded to the police is present in only a quarter of the pedestrian tunnels, suggesting that recorded practices are concentrated in specific underpasses. Graffiti is more commonly found in larger tunnels, particularly cycling underpasses. Proximity to metro stations, schools, and the presence of young males in the area are factors linked to graffiti occurrence, although not consistently. These results highlight the complexities of relying on graffiti records for public space management, particularly the challenges professionals face in aligning the maintenance of pedestrian tunnels with urban sustainability goals.

引用次数: 0

Optimizing the cooling method and parameters for high geothermal tunnel construction by using model experiment

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106495

Heng Zhang , Bo Wang , Yiqi Zhao , Zelin Zhou , Xinrong Tan , Long Xiang , Yi Feng

High temperature environment during tunnel construction not only causes concrete cracking in the lining structure, but also poses a threat to the safety and health of on-site workers. This paper aims to study the cooling measures and effects of high-temperature tunnel construction environment, explore its characteristics and determine the design parameters. Based on 1:8 scaled model testing platform, the influence of key ventilation parameters on the temperature drop characteristics of tunnels was first studied. Meanwhile, the change of flow rate and injection angle on the temperature field in the tunnel during the spray cooling measures is analyzed. The results show that the wind speed mainly affects the starting cooling moment of each tunnel section, the wind temperature mainly affects the cooling efficiency of the tunnel section. Due to the fact that the evaporation process of fog droplets mainly occurs behind the nozzle, the tunnel area located behind the nozzle position is greatly affected by flow rate changes.The cooling efficiency is ranked from high to low as follows: the tunnel drainage area behind the nozzle > the tunnel drainage area before the air duct outlet > the tunnel drainage area between the two positions.For areas close to the working face, the cooling efficiency increases with the increase of spray angle, while for sections far from the working face, the cooling efficiency decreases with the increase of spray angle.

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引用次数: 0

Geo-mechanical model test on synergistic seepage control in a deeply buried water diversion tunnel under hydro-mechanical coupling conditions

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106516

Pengfei Wang , Qiangyong Zhang , Kang Duan , Hanxiang Lin

Deeply buried water diversion tunnels frequently traverse regions with high seepage pressure and face numerous issues related to seepage. Therefore, implementing effective seepage control measures is critical. The main seepage control modes in modern tunnel engineering are the full blocking mode and the limited discharge mode. To investigate the impact of different seepage control modes on the seepage field, stress field, and displacement field and to reveal the synergistic seepage control effects among the tunnel’s structures under the limited discharge mode, this study conducts a model test using a self-developed three-dimensional hydro-mechanical coupling model testing system. Based on the engineering conditions of the Xiang-Lu Mountain tunnel, the test simulates tunnel excavation, support, and seepage drainage, successfully achieving the transition of seepage control mode from the full blocking mode to the limited discharge mode. For the tested conditions, the test results indicate that pre-excavation grouted reinforcement effectively mitigates the impact of excavation disturbances on the rock mass. The seepage pressure load on the lining in the limited discharge mode can decrease by up to 20%-25%. Grouted reinforcement and drainage holes effectively lower the seepage pressure load on the lining structure, although their influence on the seepage field diminishes with increasing distance from the tunnel. Under the limited discharge mode, a beneficial synergistic seepage control system is established within the tunnel, where the lining provides secondary support while the surrounding rock and grouted reinforcement area bear the primary load.

{"title":"Geo-mechanical model test on synergistic seepage control in a deeply buried water diversion tunnel under hydro-mechanical coupling conditions","authors":"Pengfei Wang , Qiangyong Zhang , Kang Duan , Hanxiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deeply buried water diversion tunnels frequently traverse regions with high seepage pressure and face numerous issues related to seepage. Therefore, implementing effective seepage control measures is critical. The main seepage control modes in modern tunnel engineering are the full blocking mode and the limited discharge mode. To investigate the impact of different seepage control modes on the seepage field, stress field, and displacement field and to reveal the synergistic seepage control effects among the tunnel’s structures under the limited discharge mode, this study conducts a model test using a self-developed three-dimensional hydro-mechanical coupling model testing system. Based on the engineering conditions of the Xiang-Lu Mountain tunnel, the test simulates tunnel excavation, support, and seepage drainage, successfully achieving the transition of seepage control mode from the full blocking mode to the limited discharge mode. For the tested conditions, the test results indicate that pre-excavation grouted reinforcement effectively mitigates the impact of excavation disturbances on the rock mass. The seepage pressure load on the lining in the limited discharge mode can decrease by up to 20%-25%. Grouted reinforcement and drainage holes effectively lower the seepage pressure load on the lining structure, although their influence on the seepage field diminishes with increasing distance from the tunnel. Under the limited discharge mode, a beneficial synergistic seepage control system is established within the tunnel, where the lining provides secondary support while the surrounding rock and grouted reinforcement area bear the primary load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 106516"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal intensity measures for fragility analysis of shallow circular subway tunnels subjected to Rayleigh waves

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106478

Ji Zhang , Hengyi Li , Chenyu Yan , Zigang Xu , Haiyang Zhuang , Baizan Tang , Guobo Wang

Shallow subway tunnels in both the intermediate and far fields are significantly affected by Rayleigh surface waves, which typically induce substantial vertical seismic motion and exhibit high seismic destructiveness. However, current vulnerability assessments of underground tunnels primarily focus on body waves. This study aims to identify the optimal ground motion intensity measures (IMs) for evaluating the seismic fragility of shallow circular subway tunnels subjected to Rayleigh waves. A detailed dynamic analysis of soil-tunnel interaction is performed using the two-dimensional Finite Element Method, with particular emphasis on the influence of tunnel burial depth and site classification on the tunnel’s response to Rayleigh waves. The input of Rayleigh wave motion is modeled by transforming the motion into a series of equivalent forces, applied through viscoelastic boundaries. This study examines 15 widely used ground motion IMs, with diameter deformation ratio (DDR) serving as the damage measure (DM). Linear regression analysis is conducted to explore the relationship between IMs and DDR. The optimal IMs are evaluated based on criteria including efficiency, practicality, proficiency, and correlation. The results indicate that for sites classified as Class III and IV, the optimal IM is root mean square velocity (v_rms), while for Class II sites, spectral mean velocity (SMV) is more suitable. Fragility curves for shallow-buried tunnels in Class II, III, and IV sites are presented. These curves demonstrate that tunnels are most vulnerable to damage in Class II sites, followed by Class IV, and least vulnerable in Class III sites. In Class II sites, shallower tunnel depths are associated with increased seismic damage, while deeper tunnels in Class III and IV sites experience greater seismic damage. The primary factor influencing seismic damage to tunnels is the vertical relative deformation of the surrounding soil layers.

{"title":"Optimal intensity measures for fragility analysis of shallow circular subway tunnels subjected to Rayleigh waves","authors":"Ji Zhang , Hengyi Li , Chenyu Yan , Zigang Xu , Haiyang Zhuang , Baizan Tang , Guobo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow subway tunnels in both the intermediate and far fields are significantly affected by Rayleigh surface waves, which typically induce substantial vertical seismic motion and exhibit high seismic destructiveness. However, current vulnerability assessments of underground tunnels primarily focus on body waves. This study aims to identify the optimal ground motion intensity measures (IMs) for evaluating the seismic fragility of shallow circular subway tunnels subjected to Rayleigh waves. A detailed dynamic analysis of soil-tunnel interaction is performed using the two-dimensional Finite Element Method, with particular emphasis on the influence of tunnel burial depth and site classification on the tunnel’s response to Rayleigh waves. The input of Rayleigh wave motion is modeled by transforming the motion into a series of equivalent forces, applied through viscoelastic boundaries. This study examines 15 widely used ground motion IMs, with diameter deformation ratio (<em>DDR</em>) serving as the damage measure (DM). Linear regression analysis is conducted to explore the relationship between IMs and <em>DDR</em>. The optimal IMs are evaluated based on criteria including efficiency, practicality, proficiency, and correlation. The results indicate that for sites classified as Class III and IV, the optimal IM is root mean square velocity (<em>v</em><sub>rms</sub>), while for Class II sites, spectral mean velocity (SMV) is more suitable. Fragility curves for shallow-buried tunnels in Class II, III, and IV sites are presented. These curves demonstrate that tunnels are most vulnerable to damage in Class II sites, followed by Class IV, and least vulnerable in Class III sites. In Class II sites, shallower tunnel depths are associated with increased seismic damage, while deeper tunnels in Class III and IV sites experience greater seismic damage. The primary factor influencing seismic damage to tunnels is the vertical relative deformation of the surrounding soil layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 106478"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A multi-factor CFD simulation to dust suppression in dynamic tunnel excavation

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106458

Cheng-Yan Wang , Hui Zhang , Tao Xue , Le Fang

This study investigates dust suppression in mining tunnels using a multi-factor simulation framework, advancing beyond traditional single-method approaches. We integrated dynamic roadheader operations, belt conveyor transport, onboard spraying, wet scrubbers, water curtain filtration, and drainage channels within Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). User-Defined Functions (UDFs) were employed to simulate dust suppression processes by spray and water curtains. On-site experiments were conducted alongside CFD simulations to validate the effectiveness of the combined measures. Results indicate that the integrated dust suppression strategies are significantly more effective than the standalone onboard dust suppression system. Activating sequential water curtains and spray systems reduced dust concentrations by up to 80.4% in key tunnel sections, with notable reductions in high dust concentration areas. This multi-factor approach effectively stabilized airflow, reduced dust dispersion, and prevented the formation of large dust clouds, creating a safer and healthier work environment.

{"title":"A multi-factor CFD simulation to dust suppression in dynamic tunnel excavation","authors":"Cheng-Yan Wang , Hui Zhang , Tao Xue , Le Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tust.2025.106458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates dust suppression in mining tunnels using a multi-factor simulation framework, advancing beyond traditional single-method approaches. We integrated dynamic roadheader operations, belt conveyor transport, onboard spraying, wet scrubbers, water curtain filtration, and drainage channels within Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). User-Defined Functions (UDFs) were employed to simulate dust suppression processes by spray and water curtains. On-site experiments were conducted alongside CFD simulations to validate the effectiveness of the combined measures. Results indicate that the integrated dust suppression strategies are significantly more effective than the standalone onboard dust suppression system. Activating sequential water curtains and spray systems reduced dust concentrations by up to 80.4% in key tunnel sections, with notable reductions in high dust concentration areas. This multi-factor approach effectively stabilized airflow, reduced dust dispersion, and prevented the formation of large dust clouds, creating a safer and healthier work environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49414,"journal":{"name":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 106458"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical performances of the pipe-liner structure under void conditions

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106484

Kangjian Yang , Jianwei Zhang , Hongyuan Fang , Shaochun Ma , Lei Shi , Bin Li , Yizhuang Lou , Kuoyu Yang , Kejie Zhai

Voids still commonly exist around the pipeline after cured-in-place-pipe (CIPP) rehabilitation, posing a serious threat to the safe operation of the pipeline. However, current research primarily focuses on the improvement and performance evaluation of CIPP rehabilitation technology, with insufficient exploration of the impact of external voids on the pipe-liner structure. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper utilizes both full-scale tests and numerical simulations to investigate the mechanical performances of pipe-liner structures under void conditions by analyzing the effects of the void angle, depth and length on the stress state, differential displacement, relative rotation and bending moment of the pipe-liner structure. In addition, corresponding repair strategies were explored to provide practical solutions for addressing surrounding voids of the pipe. The results show that voids can reduce the interaction force between the pipe and the surrounding soil, alter the stress state of the pipe-liner structure, increase the vertical displacement and relative rotation of the pipe, and sharply increase the stress in the CIPP liner at pipe joints, with the effects becoming more pronounced as the void depth, angle, and length increase. Polymer grouting can effectively fill the voids around the pipeline, enhance the service performance of the pipeline, and provide an effective strategy for eliminating the effects of voids around the pipe.

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引用次数: 0

Sustainability of underground infrastructure – Part 2: Digitalisation-based integration and optimisation for low carbon design

IF 6.7 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106479

Xilin Chen , Mengqi Huang , Feng Xiao , Yu Bai , Qian-Bing Zhang

This paper integrates low-carbon strategies into conventional tunnel design practices, bridging the gap between traditional approaches and sustainable solutions. Geotechnical performance indicators and corresponding design parameters that influence embodied carbon are identified from preliminary considerations of support pressure in Convergence-confinement Methods (CCM) and detailed 3D numerical design of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) operation and machine-structure interaction. Low-carbon technologies in tunnelling in examples of worldwide projects are reviewed to provide benchmarks for industry practice. Using Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a centralised data platform that incorporates geomechanical properties and embodied carbon factors, multi-objective optimisation (MOO) is employed to balance decarbonisation and geo-structural performance of concrete lining, demonstrating significant carbon reduction potentials in Pareto optimal solutions. While strategies through adjustments to TBM operation and lining design can be further pursued in numerical simulation, the findings underscore the potential for realising low-carbon opportunities in tunnel design, particularly when ground conditions and other geo-structural factors are quantified early in the design process. The proposed workflow offers practical insights into the application of advanced design techniques, empowering engineers to make informed decisions that contribute to sustainable underground infrastructure development.

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引用次数: 0