Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology最新文献_第7页

Performance assessment of anchor cable with high-strength C-shaped tube under double shearing 高强度c形管锚索在双重剪切作用下的性能评价

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107475

Ye Chen, Renliang Shan, Yichao Peng, Lichong Li, Zonghui He

In order to improve the problem of repeated breakage of anchor cables due to shear in roadway support. This article takes the anchor cable with C-shaped tube (ACC), which has a shear-resistant structural design, as the research object. By selecting high-strength steel as the material for the C-shaped tube, the performance of ACC in rock support is improved. Based on double shear tests and tensile tests, it can be found that ACC demonstrated excellent shear control capabilities and efficiency that surpassed mere superposition by coordinating C-shaped tubes and cables. Through theoretical calculations, it has been found that increasing the strength of steel tubes can expand the failure envelope, as well as enhance the closure effect of C-shaped tubes. Following a thorough evaluation, ACC-30CrMo with better performance was selected, which has a strength improvement of 30.5% compared to ACC-Q345. Combined with numerical simulations using ABAQUS, it has been determined that the elongation rate of the C-shaped tube is a key parameter to prevent the steel tube from breaking before the cable and ensure ACCs’ performance. This article’s selection strategy can lay the foundation for the parameter research of high-strength ACC.

为了改善巷道支护中因剪切导致锚索反复断裂的问题。本文以具有抗剪结构设计的c形管锚索（ACC）为研究对象。通过选用高强钢作为c形管材料，提高了ACC在岩石支护中的性能。通过双剪试验和拉伸试验，可以发现ACC具有优异的抗剪能力和抗剪效率，其抗剪能力和抗剪效率超过了单纯的c型管索配合叠加。通过理论计算发现，提高钢管的强度可以扩大破坏包络线，增强c形管的封闭效果。经过全面的评估，我们选择了性能更好的ACC-30CrMo，其强度比ACC-Q345提高了30.5%。结合ABAQUS的数值模拟，确定了c形管的伸长率是防止钢管先于电缆断裂、保证ACCs性能的关键参数。本文的选择策略可为高强度ACC的参数研究奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0

Responses and failure characteristics of rock containing a circular hole under multi-path coupled true triaxial loading and unloading 含圆孔岩石多径耦合真三轴加卸载响应及破坏特征

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107498

Shaofeng Wang , Yin Xiao , Zilong Zhou , Shanyong Wang

A series of true triaxial loading and unloading tests were conducted on cubic rock specimens (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) containing circular holes (30 mm) to comprehensively understand the influence of the hole orientation and stress path on the mechanical response and failure characteristics of rock subjected to excavation-induced disturbances. A true triaxial electrohydraulic servo testing system was improved to enable loading and unloading through an internal hole. The experiments included true triaxial compression tests with holes oriented in different directions; true triaxial internal hole loading and unloading tests with holes oriented in the most dangerous direction; and uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, and true triaxial internal and external hole loading–unloading tests with holes oriented in the safest direction. The study found that rock specimens with holes oriented along the intermediate principal stress direction were most prone to failure, whereas those with holes oriented along the maximum principal stress direction were the most stable. Under internal hole loading–unloading conditions, the rock exhibited enhanced plasticity during failure, and the severity of rock failure increased with increasing complexity of the stress path. When the hole is aligned along the minimum and intermediate principal stresses, rock failure near the hole wall progresses through four stages: microcrack initiation, crack propagation and local spalling, V-shaped notch formation, and complete failure. When the hole is aligned along the maximum principal stress, the process includes circumferential crack initiation, crack propagation, circumferential spalling failure, and hole fracturing failure.

通过对含圆孔（30 mm）的立方岩样（100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm）进行真三轴加卸载试验，全面了解圆孔方向和应力路径对开挖扰动下岩石力学响应和破坏特征的影响。改进了真三轴电液伺服测试系统，使其能够通过内孔进行加载和卸载。实验包括不同方向孔洞的真三轴压缩试验；孔在最危险方向的真三轴内孔加载与卸载试验在最安全方向进行单轴压缩、三轴压缩和真三轴内外孔加载卸载试验。研究发现，沿中间主应力方向开孔的岩样最容易破坏，沿最大主应力方向开孔的岩样最稳定。在孔内加卸载条件下，岩石在破坏过程中表现出增强的塑性，并且随着应力路径复杂性的增加，岩石破坏的严重程度也随之增加。当孔沿最小主应力和中间主应力方向排列时，孔壁附近岩石破坏经历了微裂纹萌生、裂纹扩展和局部剥落、v形缺口形成和完全破坏四个阶段。当孔沿最大主应力方向排列时，该过程包括周向裂纹萌生、裂纹扩展、周向剥落破坏和孔破裂破坏。

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引用次数: 0

Calculation method for the mechanical performance of pipe–liner composite structure under multi-factor coupling effects 多因素耦合作用下管板复合结构力学性能的计算方法

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107486

Kangjian Yang , Yizhuang Lou , Jianwei Zhang , Hongyuan Fang , Shaochun Ma , Lei Shi , Kejie Zhai

After the cured-in-place-pipe (CIPP) rehabilitation, drainage pipelines are subjected to the coupled effects of soil load, traffic load, fluid load, and internal corrosion. However, existing studies have provided numerical solutions for the effects of soil and traffic loads, the influence mechanisms of fluid load and internal corrosion remain insufficiently understood, significantly limiting the accuracy of performance evaluations for pipelines after CIPP rehabilitation. To address this issue, this study integrates the theories of soil load, traffic load, internal force analysis, and composite section analysis to derive a mechanical performance calculation model for the pipe-liner composite structure under the combined action of soil and traffic loads. Furthermore, full-scale tests and numerical simulations were employed to quantify the effects of fluid load and internal corrosion, leading to the development of a mechanical response calculation model for the composite structure under multi-factor coupling. The results show that the proposed calculation model yields a MAPE of 7.05 % and a RMSE of 1.01 when compared with the test data, indicating that the model is reasonable and reliable, and can effectively capture the mechanical performance of the pipe–liner composite structure under the coupled effects of soil load, traffic load, fluid load, and internal corrosion.

管道固化修复后，排水管道受到土壤荷载、交通荷载、流体荷载和内部腐蚀的耦合作用。然而，现有的研究已经提供了土壤和交通荷载影响的数值解，流体荷载和内部腐蚀的影响机制仍然不够清楚，这大大限制了CIPP修复后管道性能评估的准确性。针对这一问题，本研究结合土荷载、交通荷载、内力分析、复合截面分析等理论，建立了土与交通荷载共同作用下的管道-内衬复合结构力学性能计算模型。此外，通过全尺寸试验和数值模拟，量化了流体载荷和内部腐蚀的影响，建立了多因素耦合下复合材料结构的力学响应计算模型。结果表明，与试验数据相比，所建计算模型的MAPE为7.05%，RMSE为1.01，表明所建模型合理可靠，能有效地反映土荷载、交通荷载、流体荷载和内部腐蚀耦合作用下管道-内衬复合结构的力学性能。

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引用次数: 0

Towards low-carbon construction of metro station foundation pit: A probabilistic digital twin framework with self-supervised learning capability 面向地铁车站基坑低碳施工：具有自监督学习能力的概率数字孪生框架

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107450

Weizong Lai , Yue Pan , Limao Zhang , Jin-Jian Chen , Jianjun Qin

Metro station foundation pit construction in large cities like Shanghai with high traffic demands and complicated geological conditions towards greater and deeper dimensions and contributes significant carbon emissions from intensive material and energy use. Efficient tool is urgently needed to quantify the carbon emissions and support engineering decisions, particularly as emissions data increasingly inform both regulatory compliance and carbon-related financial mechanisms. However, we recognize that both emission data and engineering inputs are highly uncertain, yet prevailing methods ignore this uncertainty and lack component-level modeling. To address this, a novel probabilistic digital twin (prob-DT) framework with self-supervised learning capability is proposed to uncover uncertainties in carbon emission quantification and identify the optimal engineering solution from carbon emission perspective. Integrating semantic and geometric information at the component level, prob-DT constructs a carbon knowledge base by self-supervised matching of consumption quotas to emission factors and models carbon emissions across construction stages. It propagates uncertainty and characterizes system-level risk via probabilistic analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. By comparing alternatives probabilistically, prob-DT identifies optimal low-carbon engineering schemes. Finally, the proposed prob-DT is instantiated for Digital Twin for Carbon Quantification for Metro Station Foundation Pit (DTCQ-MetroPit) system and applied to the Huangpi South Road Station project in Shanghai. Results indicate that the station exhibits relatively high carbon emissions due to its elongated geometry, which necessitates longer diaphragm walls and increased material consumption. Under an optimized strategy recommended by DTCQ-MetroPit, the Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR₉₅) of carbon emissions is reduced from 93,700 to 85,700 tons, demonstrating the framework’s effectiveness in guiding low-carbon engineering practices under uncertainties.

在上海这样交通需求大、地质条件复杂的大城市，地铁车站基坑建设向更大、更深的维度发展，并且由于材料和能源的密集使用，造成了巨大的碳排放。迫切需要有效的工具来量化碳排放并支持工程决策，特别是在排放数据越来越多地为监管合规和碳相关金融机制提供信息的情况下。然而，我们认识到排放数据和工程输入都是高度不确定的，但主流方法忽略了这种不确定性，缺乏组件级建模。为了解决这一问题，提出了一种具有自监督学习能力的概率数字孪生（probt - dt）框架，以揭示碳排放量化中的不确定性，并从碳排放的角度确定最优工程解决方案。probi - dt结合构件层面的语义信息和几何信息，通过消费配额与排放因子的自监督匹配构建碳知识库，并对各施工阶段的碳排放进行建模。它传播不确定性，并通过概率分析和蒙特卡罗模拟表征系统级风险。通过对备选方案进行概率比较，probd - dt确定了最优的低碳工程方案。最后，将提出的probo - dt方法应用于地铁车站基坑碳量化数字孪生系统（DTCQ-MetroPit），并应用于上海黄陂南路站工程。结果表明，该站由于其细长的几何形状而表现出相对较高的碳排放，这需要更长的连续墙和增加的材料消耗。在dtcq - metritit推荐的优化策略下，碳排放的条件风险值（CVaR95）从9.37万吨减少到8.57万吨，显示了该框架在不确定条件下指导低碳工程实践的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Research and insights on time-dependent reinforcement and collaborative load-bearing control technology for roadways in extremely soft stratum 极软地层巷道时变加固与协同承载控制技术研究与启示

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107455

Guojie Yan , Nong Zhang , Zhengzheng Xie , Zhe Xiang , Peng Wang , Changliang Han

The pronounced rheological behavior of extremely soft surrounding rock is a primary cause of large deformation and instability in roadway structures. Establishing a high-strength, collaborative load-bearing framework combined with a durable, rigid, and stable support system during the initial construction phase is essential to ensure long-term stability under such geological conditions. Using the Chagannur Coal Mine in China as a case study, this work elucidated the failure characteristics of the surrounding rock and the evolution of crack propagation. The instability mechanisms of roadways in extremely soft strata were analyzed from both macro and micro perspectives, and the geological setting, rock properties, and support design were systematically investigated. A time-dependent reinforcement support system with collaborative load-bearing control was proposed, incorporating five key elements: high-stiffness and high-strength initial support, a stable high-pressure zone, precise timing of passive support, targeted floor control, and a rigid long-term bearing capacity. This configuration forms an “active bearing arch + collaborative load-bearing shell + rigid structural body” system, whose performance was validated through FLAC3D simulations. Field tests demonstrated significant effectiveness: roof subsidence and average side displacement were controlled at 52.3 mm and 90.9 mm, respectively, the maximum bed separation reached only 20.5 mm, and the bolts and cables responded sensitively to rock mass deformation. Borehole inspection revealed that the average crack evolution depth in the roof decreased from 10.5 m to 1.6 m, representing an 84.8% reduction. In addition, this paper discusses the application of a hybrid TBM tunneling method in roadways in extremely weak surrounding rock. The findings of this study provide theoretical reference for the stability control of roadway surrounding rock under similar conditions.

极软围岩的显著流变特性是巷道结构发生大变形和失稳的主要原因。在施工初期，建立一个高强度、协同承重的框架，并结合一个耐用、刚性、稳定的支撑体系，对于确保在这种地质条件下的长期稳定至关重要。以恰干诺尔煤矿为例，阐述了煤矿围岩破坏特征及裂纹扩展演化规律。从宏观和微观两方面分析了极软地层巷道失稳机理，对其地质环境、岩石性质和支护设计进行了系统研究。提出了一种具有协同承载控制的时变钢筋支护系统，该系统包括五个关键要素：高刚度高强初始支护、稳定的高压区、精确的被动支护时机、有针对性的底板控制和刚性的长期承载能力。该构型形成了“主动承拱+协同承壳+刚性结构体”体系，并通过FLAC3D仿真对其性能进行了验证。现场试验证明了该方法的有效性：顶板沉陷控制在52.3 mm，平均侧向位移控制在90.9 mm，最大层距仅为20.5 mm，锚杆和锚索对岩体变形响应敏感。井眼检查显示，顶板平均裂缝演化深度从10.5 m减小到1.6 m，减小了84.8%。此外，本文还讨论了混合TBM掘进方法在极弱围岩巷道中的应用。研究结果为类似条件下巷道围岩稳定性控制提供了理论参考。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic behavior of ultra-low friction in tunnel-surrounding blocky rock mass under multi-period dynamic loads: Experimental and modeling analysis 多期动荷载作用下隧道围岩超低摩阻动力特性：试验与模型分析

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107451

Dongqiao Liu , Ziqian Zhang , Guangtian Wang , Zhaorui Yong , Kai Ling

The stability of deep rock mass may be influenced by the dynamic loadings caused by natural hazards or excavation disturbance. In this study, the instability and failure of rock mass caused by ultra-low friction effect of the blocky rock under periodic dynamic loading was assessed. The impact rockburst experiment system was used to conduct experiments of ultra-low friction induced by vertically applying multiple periodic dynamic loads (MPDL) on a granite rock block sample with a cylindrical hole in the center. The digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to obtain the displacement field characteristics of the whole experimental process, and the resulting displacement, velocity, acceleration and friction force characteristics of the blocky rock were analyzed. The experimental results show that under MPDL, the maximum friction reduction could reach 2.51kN, i.e., 16.64% lower than that before the loading. Further, based on the spring-damping theoretical model, a theoretical model is derived to describe the motion law of block under multi-period and variable amplitude dynamic load. Considering the residual influence after the gradual attenuation of dynamic loads over time, the superposition effect of MPDL on the failure of reducing friction force in block rock masses was quantitatively analyzed. Then, the parametric discussion of variable amplitude was carried out to provide further reference for describing the failure behavior of rock mass caused by variable amplitude dynamic load. Finally, through 2D-DDA, the experimental results and theoretical model were numerically simulated, and three stages of rock failure induced by ultra-low friction phenomenon were determined based on the motion state of the blocky rock, i.e., the static stage, the stick–slip stage, and the instability failure stage, and the frictional regime conversion mechanics were proposed.

自然灾害或开挖扰动引起的动荷载会影响深部岩体的稳定性。本研究对周期性动载作用下块状岩体的超低摩擦效应引起的岩体失稳破坏进行了评估。利用冲击岩爆实验系统，对中心有圆柱孔的花岗岩块体试样进行了垂直施加多周期动载荷（MPDL）的超低摩擦试验。采用数字图像相关（DIC）方法获取了整个实验过程的位移场特征，并对得到的块状岩石的位移、速度、加速度和摩擦力特性进行了分析。实验结果表明，在MPDL作用下，最大摩擦减量可达2.51kN，比加载前减小了16.64%。在弹簧-阻尼理论模型的基础上，推导了多周期变幅动载荷作用下块体运动规律的理论模型。考虑动荷载随时间逐渐衰减后的残余影响，定量分析了MPDL对块状岩体减摩破坏的叠加效应。然后，对变幅值进行了参数化讨论，为描述变幅值动荷载作用下岩体的破坏行为提供进一步参考。最后，通过2D-DDA对试验结果和理论模型进行数值模拟，根据块状岩石的运动状态确定了超低摩擦现象诱发岩石破坏的三个阶段，即静态阶段、粘滑阶段和失稳破坏阶段，并提出了摩擦状态转换机理。

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引用次数: 0

Digital twin-based framework for multi-objective optimization of shield tunneling parameters 基于数字孪生的盾构隧道参数多目标优化框架

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107457

Congzhen Yang , Zhikun Ding , Tianrui Liu , Zezhou Wu , Ke Chen

Optimizing shield tunneling parameters is critical for ensuring both safety and efficiency in tunnel construction. However, existing optimization approaches often underutilize operational data and are prone to entrapment in local optima. This study proposes a digital twin (DT) -based framework for multi-objective optimization (MOO) of shield tunneling parameters. The framework integrates data acquisition, preprocessing, modeling, and optimization within a layered architecture. Key parameters are identified using the shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method, while a hybrid optimization algorithm—artificial bee colony (ABC)–non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III)—combines the strengths of both algorithms and is applied across three operational scenarios. Optimized parameters are iteratively fed back into the DT to guide parameter adjustment. The framework is validated using data from the Shanghai Airport Link Line project. Full-parameter optimization yields the best performance, achieving an overall optimization rate of 32.02%, with particularly notable improvements in controlling the vertical deviation of shield head. Comparative analyses show that the proposed framework surpasses benchmark methods in convergence speed and solution quality, reducing shield attitude deviation by 2.21%–17.13%. These results underscore the framework’s potential as an effective decision-support tool for shield tunneling operations.

盾构施工参数的优化是保证隧道施工安全和效率的关键。然而，现有的优化方法往往没有充分利用操作数据，并且容易陷入局部最优。提出了一种基于数字孪生（DT）的盾构隧道参数多目标优化框架。该框架在分层体系结构中集成了数据采集、预处理、建模和优化。使用shapley加性解释（SHAP）方法确定关键参数，而混合优化算法-人工蜂群(ABC) -非主导排序遗传算法III (NSGA-III) -结合了两种算法的优势，并应用于三种操作场景。优化后的参数迭代反馈到DT中，指导参数调整。利用上海机场连接线项目的数据对该框架进行了验证。全参数优化效果最好，总体优化率为32.02%，在控制盾头垂直偏差方面效果尤为显著。对比分析表明，该框架在收敛速度和求解质量上均优于基准方法，将盾构姿态偏差降低了2.21% ~ 17.13%。这些结果强调了该框架作为盾构施工有效决策支持工具的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Automated borehole layout adjustment method in drill-and-blast tunneling: A hierarchical constraint propagation framework 钻爆隧道自动井眼布置调整方法：一个层次约束传播框架

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107478

Zinan Wang , Xiaomeng Shi , Zhaofei Chu , Lang Shi

In drill-and-blast tunneling, real-time borehole layout adjustments are essential when encountering geological hazards such as fault zones or weak interlayers, yet current practices rely on isolated single-point adjustments that create undetected spacing violations and compromise blast effectiveness. This study develops a Hierarchical Constraint Propagation Algorithm (HCPA) to address real-time coordination requirements in automated tunnel construction under dynamic geological conditions. The algorithm employs hierarchical constraint processing: Stage 1 enforces geological boundaries and displacement limits through adaptive positioning strategies, while Stage 2 balances inter-hole spacing via constraint propagation to maintain blast energy distribution. Validation using actual tunnel construction drawings and 1000 Monte Carlo simulations across diverse geological scenarios demonstrates 100% convergence success in practical conditions and 81.1% in adversarial geological scenarios while guaranteeing rigorous engineering safety. Comparative experiments demonstrate order-of-magnitude computational superiority over baseline methods while achieving minimum spacing violations. The sub-second computational efficiency satisfies real-time requirements of automated drilling operations in tunnel construction, providing a deterministic solution for constraint-aware parameter coordination in intelligent drill-and-blast systems.

在钻爆隧道施工中，当遇到断层带或薄弱夹层等地质灾害时，实时调整井眼布局至关重要，但目前的做法依赖于孤立的单点调整，这会造成未被发现的间距偏差，并影响爆破效果。针对动态地质条件下隧道自动化施工的实时协调要求，提出了一种层次约束传播算法（HCPA）。该算法采用分层约束处理，第一阶段通过自适应定位策略强化地质边界和位移限制，第二阶段通过约束传播平衡孔间间距，维持爆破能量分布。通过实际隧道施工图和1000个不同地质场景的蒙特卡罗模拟验证，在保证严格的工程安全的同时，在实际条件下的收敛成功率为100%，在敌对地质场景下的收敛成功率为81.1%。对比实验证明数量级的计算优势优于基线方法，同时实现最小的间距违规。亚秒级的计算效率满足了隧道施工中自动化钻井作业的实时性要求，为智能钻爆系统中约束感知参数协调提供了确定性解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Inertial-buoyant coupling and bi-directional flow effects on plume deflection in inclined tunnel fires under natural ventilation 自然通风条件下倾斜巷道火灾中惯性-浮力耦合和双向流动对烟羽偏转的影响

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2026.107495

Tianhang Zhang , Lei Liu , Ke Wu , Shaorun Lin , Shiyi Wang , Xin Zhang

Plume deflection in inclined tunnel fires is a critical yet inadequately understood phenomenon that directly influences smoke movement and evacuation safety. This study conducts a series of high-fidelity numerical simulations to investigate the onset conditions and evolution characteristics of plume deflection under natural ventilation. The flow–plume interactions are systematically classified into three regimes based on tunnel slope: (a) symmetric bidirectional flow with vertical plume at low slopes; (b) asymmetric bidirectional flow causing plume deflection at intermediate slopes; and (c) unidirectional flow with pronounced plume deflection at steep slopes, driven by the intensified stack effect. A modified Richardson number Ri’, representing the ratio of thermal buoyancy to the inertial force difference between high- and low-slope sides, is proposed to characterize the critical transition. The critical threshold for plume deflection is identified as Ri’=16.0 ± 1.5, which outperforms traditional velocity-based criteria by capturing the counteracting influence of dual-sided airflow. Furthermore, a predictive model relating plume deflection angle to Ri’ is developed, yielding high consistency with experimental and numerical data from previous studies. The proposed framework provides new physical insights into the coupling of buoyancy and inertial forces and offers a reliable predictive tool applicable to tunnels with varied geometries, fire intensities, and ventilation modes.

倾斜隧道火灾中的羽流偏转是一个重要但尚未得到充分认识的现象，它直接影响烟雾的运动和疏散安全。本研究通过一系列高保真数值模拟研究了自然通风条件下羽流偏转的发生条件和演变特征。根据隧道坡度，将流-羽流相互作用系统地划分为3种类型：(a)低坡度处对称双向流动与垂直羽流；(b)不对称双向流动导致中间斜坡处羽流偏转；(c)单向流动，在陡坡处羽流偏转明显，由增强的堆效应驱动。提出了一个改进的理查德森数Ri '，表示热浮力与高低坡侧惯性力差的比值，以表征临界转变。羽流偏转的临界阈值被确定为Ri ' =16.0±1.5，通过捕获双面气流的抵消影响，优于传统的基于速度的标准。建立了羽流偏转角与Ri′的预测模型，与前人的实验和数值数据具有较高的一致性。提出的框架为浮力和惯性力的耦合提供了新的物理见解，并提供了一种可靠的预测工具，适用于不同几何形状、火灾强度和通风模式的隧道。

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引用次数: 0

An integrated analytical approach for predicting structural performance and cracking behavior in composite linings of deep hydraulic tunnels 深层水工隧道复合衬砌结构性能与开裂行为预测的综合分析方法

IF 7.4 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.107429

Xueming Zhang , Zhiyun Deng , Baoguo Liu , Xiang Ma

Safety and serviceability of deep hydraulic tunnels are threatened by lining cracks, while links between mechanical response and key metrics, such as capacity, cracking load, and crack width, are rarely established under staged construction and complex loading, limiting performance-based design and risk-informed decisions. Therefore, an integrated analytical model grounded in complex-variable theory is developed to evaluate the stress field, ultimate bearing capacity, cracking load, and crack width, with staged construction explicitly considered. The model is validated against 3D numerical simulations (WMAPE ≤ 5.82 %, R² > 0.993) and physical model tests (WMAPE ≤ 18.95 %, R² > 0.919). A threshold effect of secondary-lining installation timing is revealed, contributing 10–25 % to ultimate capacity and markedly influencing cracking behavior. Internal water pressure is identified as the dominant driver of cracking (contribution >52 %), whereas ultimate capacity is governed primarily by the interaction between in situ stress and construction timing (contribution >80 %). A response-surface-based design envelope has been developed to optimize lining thickness and support installation timing for crack control, offering a tool for selecting the optimal secondary lining thickness and support timing under specified burial depths and internal water pressures. By linking mechanical response analysis to performance criteria under realistic construction and loading sequences, a key methodological gap is closed and performance-based design and evaluation of deep hydraulic tunnels are enabled. The approach provides a transparent, computationally efficient alternative to computationally intensive simulations and offers quantitative guidance for crack-control design.

深层水工隧道的安全性和可使用性受到衬砌裂缝的威胁，而机械响应与关键指标（如容量、裂缝载荷和裂缝宽度）之间的联系，在阶段施工和复杂荷载下很少建立起来，这限制了基于性能的设计和风险决策。因此，建立了基于复变量理论的综合分析模型，明确考虑了阶段施工的应力场、极限承载力、裂缝荷载和裂缝宽度。通过三维数值模拟（WMAPE≤5.82%,R2 > 0.993）和物理模型试验（WMAPE≤18.95%,R2 > 0.919）对模型进行了验证。二次衬砌时间存在阈值效应，对极限承载力的贡献为10 ~ 25%，对开裂行为有显著影响。内部水压被认为是裂缝的主要驱动因素（贡献>； 52%），而最终承载力主要由原位应力和施工时间之间的相互作用（贡献>； 80%）决定。研究人员开发了一种基于响应面的设计包线，用于优化衬砌厚度和支架安装时间，以控制裂缝，为在特定埋深和内部水压下选择最佳二次衬砌厚度和支架安装时间提供了一种工具。通过将力学响应分析与实际施工和加载顺序下的性能标准联系起来，缩小了关键的方法差距，使基于性能的深水水工隧道设计和评估成为可能。该方法提供了一种透明的、计算效率高的替代计算密集型模拟方法，并为裂缝控制设计提供了定量指导。

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引用次数: 0