Mechanically stabilized earth walls are among the most commonly used soil-retaining structural systems in the construction industry. This study addresses the optimum design problem of mechanically stabilized earth walls using a recently developed metaheuristic optimization algorithm, namely adaptive dimensional search. For a cost efficient design, different types of steel reinforcement as well as reinforced backfill soil are treated as discrete design variables. The performance of the adaptive dimensional search algorithm is investigated through cost optimization instances of mechanically stabilized earth walls under realistic design criteria specified by standard design codes. The numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the adaptive dimensional search algorithm in minimum cost design of mechanically stabilized earth walls and further highlight the usefulness of design optimization in engineering practice.
{"title":"Cost Efficient Design of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls Using Adaptive Dimensional Search Algorithm","authors":"S. Azad, E. Akis","doi":"10.18400/tekderg.509468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.509468","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanically stabilized earth walls are among the most commonly used soil-retaining structural systems in the construction industry. This study addresses the optimum design problem of mechanically stabilized earth walls using a recently developed metaheuristic optimization algorithm, namely adaptive dimensional search. For a cost efficient design, different types of steel reinforcement as well as reinforced backfill soil are treated as discrete design variables. The performance of the adaptive dimensional search algorithm is investigated through cost optimization instances of mechanically stabilized earth walls under realistic design criteria specified by standard design codes. The numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the adaptive dimensional search algorithm in minimum cost design of mechanically stabilized earth walls and further highlight the usefulness of design optimization in engineering practice.","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":"31 1","pages":"10167-10188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48554744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analysis of scientific literature has demonstrated that the risk of the collapse or deformations of flexible retaining walls has not been the object of in-depth examination so far. The article presents geotechnical risks falling into five categories considering their origin. A case study was conducted to identify the risks of flexible retaining walls. In order to determine the risk of installation flexible retaining walls, the authors of the article referred to the personal interview approach, brainstorming and the cause and effect diagram. The novelty of the article is focused on investigating identification possibilities of the risk of installation flexible retaining walls and suggests risk identification in the risk management flow of the flexible retaining wall installation process.
{"title":"Geotechnical Risk Identification: Case Study of Flexible Retaining Walls Installation","authors":"D. Sližytė, N. Lepkova, Rimantas Mackevičius","doi":"10.18400/tekderg.459316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.459316","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of scientific literature has demonstrated that the risk of the collapse or deformations of flexible retaining walls has not been the object of in-depth examination so far. The article presents geotechnical risks falling into five categories considering their origin. A case study was conducted to identify the risks of flexible retaining walls. In order to determine the risk of installation flexible retaining walls, the authors of the article referred to the personal interview approach, brainstorming and the cause and effect diagram. The novelty of the article is focused on investigating identification possibilities of the risk of installation flexible retaining walls and suggests risk identification in the risk management flow of the flexible retaining wall installation process.","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45785125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teknolojinin gelismesi insanogluna daha genis, daha agir ve daha karmasik yapilar yapma firsati vermistir. Artan ve karmasik hale gelen yukleri zemine aktarma problemi ile karsilasan geoteknik muhendisleri icin; zemini iyilestirmek, zeminde meydana gelecek oturmalari ve gerilme dagilislarini tespit etmek kacinilmaz hale gelmistir. Son yillarda zemini iyilestirmede kullanimi artan bir yapi malzemesi olan geotekstiller, zeminlerin tasima gucunu etkilemektedir. Zeminde meydana gelecek oturmalar acisindan gerilme dagilisi ve tasima gucu temel tasariminin en onemli parametrelerden birkacidir. Bu calismada donatili kohezyonsuz zemin yuzeyine oturan model serit temelle duzlem deformasyon kosullarinda deneyler yapilmis ve uygulanan dusey yukten dolayi zeminde belirli noktalarda meydana gelen dusey gerilme artislari tespit edilmistir. Deneysel calismalar kapsaminda, uc farkli rolatif sikilikta geotekstille guclendirilmis kum tabakalarinda, onceden belirlenen noktalara yerlestirilen basinc olcerler yardimiyla gerilme artislari kaydedilmistir. Daha sonra model deney duzenegi ANSYS programi ile modellenip analiz edilerek dusey gerilme artislari hesaplatilmistir. Ayrica model zeminin, Elastisite Teorisine dayali olarak gelistirilen analitik yontemler ile gerilme dagilisi hesaplanmistir. Elde edilen tum bu degerler incelendiginde, rolatif sikiligin donatili zemindeki gerilme dagilisinda etkili bir parametre oldugu belirlenmistir. Bununla birlikte, yaygin kullanilan Elastisite Teorisine dayali cozumlerin dusuk rolatif sikiliktaki donatili zeminlerde oldukca hatali sonuclar verdigi gorulmustur.
技术的进化使人类能够生长出更多、更敏捷、更复杂的结构。Artan ve karmasik hale gelen yuklei zemine aktarma problemi ile karsilasan georknik muhendisleri icin；为了改善地面，地面已经不足以识别座位和斜坡的坡度。在过去的几年里，土工布越来越多地使用结构来改善地面，它们受到了土壤设计的影响。这不仅仅是地面上座椅的张力，也不仅仅是整个设计的十进制参数。在这个calima中，位于地面上的cosullarin的模型serit基本duzlem变形被确定为发生在地面某些点上的“dusey gerilme艺术家”。除了实验校准外，土工织物葡萄糖板中还记录了略有不同的rolatif循环，分配给精确定义点的简单艺术家已被折旧同化。然后对模型进行了deney duzenegi ANSYS程序建模分析，并由dusey gerilme artislari进行了计算。此外，基于弹性理论，用分析单元计算了地球模型的张力。当检查这些度时，rollatif dick被定义为斜坡坡度中的有效参数。然而，在黄昏rolatif的捐赠土壤中已经观察到弹性体理论的广泛影响。
{"title":"Donatılı Kum Zeminlerde Düzlem Deformasyon Koşullarında Düşey Gerilme Dağılışı","authors":"Bayram Ateş, Erol Şadoğlu","doi":"10.18400/tekderg.449897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.449897","url":null,"abstract":"Teknolojinin gelismesi insanogluna daha genis, daha agir ve daha karmasik yapilar yapma firsati vermistir. Artan ve karmasik hale gelen yukleri zemine aktarma problemi ile karsilasan geoteknik muhendisleri icin; zemini iyilestirmek, zeminde meydana gelecek oturmalari ve gerilme dagilislarini tespit etmek kacinilmaz hale gelmistir. Son yillarda zemini iyilestirmede kullanimi artan bir yapi malzemesi olan geotekstiller, zeminlerin tasima gucunu etkilemektedir. Zeminde meydana gelecek oturmalar acisindan gerilme dagilisi ve tasima gucu temel tasariminin en onemli parametrelerden birkacidir. Bu calismada donatili kohezyonsuz zemin yuzeyine oturan model serit temelle duzlem deformasyon kosullarinda deneyler yapilmis ve uygulanan dusey yukten dolayi zeminde belirli noktalarda meydana gelen dusey gerilme artislari tespit edilmistir. Deneysel calismalar kapsaminda, uc farkli rolatif sikilikta geotekstille guclendirilmis kum tabakalarinda, onceden belirlenen noktalara yerlestirilen basinc olcerler yardimiyla gerilme artislari kaydedilmistir. Daha sonra model deney duzenegi ANSYS programi ile modellenip analiz edilerek dusey gerilme artislari hesaplatilmistir. Ayrica model zeminin, Elastisite Teorisine dayali olarak gelistirilen analitik yontemler ile gerilme dagilisi hesaplanmistir. Elde edilen tum bu degerler incelendiginde, rolatif sikiligin donatili zemindeki gerilme dagilisinda etkili bir parametre oldugu belirlenmistir. Bununla birlikte, yaygin kullanilan Elastisite Teorisine dayali cozumlerin dusuk rolatif sikiliktaki donatili zeminlerde oldukca hatali sonuclar verdigi gorulmustur.","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":"31 1","pages":"9967-9985"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43141848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Guler, Gülizar Özyurt Tarakcioğlu, Cüneyt Baykal
Gel-git, mevsimsel degisiklikler, dalga kabarmasi/alcalmasi, firtina kabarmasi ve kuresel isinmaya bagli su seviyesi degisimleri sonucunda ortalama su seviyesinde gozlenen degisimler, tas dolgu kiyi koruma yapilarinin tasarimlarinin ve performanslarinin degerlendirilmesi ile dogrudan ilgilidir. Bu tip yapilar icin en kritik su seviyesi, yaygin olarak en yuksek su seviyesi tanimi ile kullanilmaktadir. Ancak, Kiyi Yapilari Planlama ve Tasarim Teknik Esaslari’nda [1] koruma yapisinda kullanilacak taslarin kutlelerinin belirlenmesi icin en kritik su seviyesinin en dusuk su seviyesi ile en yuksek su seviyesi arasinda ortaya cikabilecegi belirtilmistir. Bu calismada tas dolgu kiyi koruma yapilarinin tasarim derinliginin belirlenmesinde kullanilan farkli yaklasimlarin koruma tabakasi tas kutlesi ile serbest kret kotuna olan etkisi incelenmistir. Bu amacla Karadeniz, Ege Denizi ve Akdeniz’de birer proje alani secilmis ve bu projelerdeki yapilarin ekonomik omurleri boyunca gozlenebilecek tum su seviyelerinde koruma tabakasi tas kutlesi ile serbest kret kotu hesaplanmistir. Secilen projeler icin daha dusuk su seviyelerinde daha yuksek su seviyelerine gore %60’a varan oranlarda daha buyuk tas kutlesi bulunmustur. Calisma sonuclari, en yuksek su seviyesinden daha kritik bir su seviyesinin, dusuk su seviyesi ile en yuksek su seviyesi arasindaki herhangi bir su seviyesinde de olusabilecegine ornek olusturmaktadir. Buna bagli olarak, secilen kritik su seviyesi degeri ile koruma tabakasi tas kutlesi hesaplama yontemlerinin iliskisi tartisilmis ve yapinin ekonomik omru boyunca olusabilecek tum su seviyelerinin tasarim derinligi belirlenirken goz onunde bulundurulmasi onerilmistir.
{"title":"Ortalama Su Seviyesi Değişimlerinin Taş Dolgu Kıyı Koruma Yapılarının Tasarımına ve Performansına Etkisi","authors":"H. Guler, Gülizar Özyurt Tarakcioğlu, Cüneyt Baykal","doi":"10.18400/tekderg.448489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.448489","url":null,"abstract":"Gel-git, mevsimsel degisiklikler, dalga kabarmasi/alcalmasi, firtina kabarmasi ve kuresel isinmaya bagli su seviyesi degisimleri sonucunda ortalama su seviyesinde gozlenen degisimler, tas dolgu kiyi koruma yapilarinin tasarimlarinin ve performanslarinin degerlendirilmesi ile dogrudan ilgilidir. Bu tip yapilar icin en kritik su seviyesi, yaygin olarak en yuksek su seviyesi tanimi ile kullanilmaktadir. Ancak, Kiyi Yapilari Planlama ve Tasarim Teknik Esaslari’nda [1] koruma yapisinda kullanilacak taslarin kutlelerinin belirlenmesi icin en kritik su seviyesinin en dusuk su seviyesi ile en yuksek su seviyesi arasinda ortaya cikabilecegi belirtilmistir. Bu calismada tas dolgu kiyi koruma yapilarinin tasarim derinliginin belirlenmesinde kullanilan farkli yaklasimlarin koruma tabakasi tas kutlesi ile serbest kret kotuna olan etkisi incelenmistir. Bu amacla Karadeniz, Ege Denizi ve Akdeniz’de birer proje alani secilmis ve bu projelerdeki yapilarin ekonomik omurleri boyunca gozlenebilecek tum su seviyelerinde koruma tabakasi tas kutlesi ile serbest kret kotu hesaplanmistir. Secilen projeler icin daha dusuk su seviyelerinde daha yuksek su seviyelerine gore %60’a varan oranlarda daha buyuk tas kutlesi bulunmustur. Calisma sonuclari, en yuksek su seviyesinden daha kritik bir su seviyesinin, dusuk su seviyesi ile en yuksek su seviyesi arasindaki herhangi bir su seviyesinde de olusabilecegine ornek olusturmaktadir. Buna bagli olarak, secilen kritik su seviyesi degeri ile koruma tabakasi tas kutlesi hesaplama yontemlerinin iliskisi tartisilmis ve yapinin ekonomik omru boyunca olusabilecek tum su seviyelerinin tasarim derinligi belirlenirken goz onunde bulundurulmasi onerilmistir.","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41993859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although intersections constitute a little space on the urban road network, they are the areas where traffic crashes are concentrated. In this study, the relationship between traffic volume, intersection geometry, traffic control characteristics and vehicular fatal/injury traffic crashes (without pedestrians) were examined for 39 four-legged signalized intersections in the city center of Mersin during 2014 to 2016. For this purpose, Poisson regression and negative binomial (NB) regression models were used. The results showed that total number of approach lanes increases the intersection crashes. On the other hand, the increase in ratio of traffic volumes between primary and secondary intersection legs reduces the intersection crashes. The presence of median on primary intersection legs also reduces the number of crashes.
{"title":"Kentsel Kavşaklarda Trafik Kazalarının Sıklığını Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi","authors":"Murat Özen","doi":"10.18400/tekderg.509128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.509128","url":null,"abstract":"Although intersections constitute a little space on the urban road network, they are the areas where traffic crashes are concentrated. In this study, the relationship between traffic volume, intersection geometry, traffic control characteristics and vehicular fatal/injury traffic crashes (without pedestrians) were examined for 39 four-legged signalized intersections in the city center of Mersin during 2014 to 2016. For this purpose, Poisson regression and negative binomial (NB) regression models were used. The results showed that total number of approach lanes increases the intersection crashes. On the other hand, the increase in ratio of traffic volumes between primary and secondary intersection legs reduces the intersection crashes. The presence of median on primary intersection legs also reduces the number of crashes.","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":"31 1","pages":"10033-10053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42411049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In practice, the shear vane test is used to predict the undrained shear strength of remolded and undisturbed clay soils. The undrained shear strength could also be estimated for remolded soils by the fall cone test. However, the determination of undrained shear strength by this test requires a very significant factor which is referred to as fall cone factor. The drained internal friction angle could be obtained by using the fall cone factor, calibrated in accordance with experimental results and the values of undrained shear strength calculated for different water contents and void ratios at critical state. In this study, compressibility and strength parameters were determined practically on remolded samples of cohesive soils with different index proporties by using the methods proposed in the literature. In addition, the applicability of the method used was evaluated for the same soil by comparing the compressibility and strength parameters obtained from oedometer and triaxial compression tests.
{"title":"Yoğrulmuş Killerde Dayanım ve Deformasyon Parametrelerinin Düşen Koni ve Veyn Deneyleri ile Belirlenmesi","authors":"Murat Gülen, H. Kılıç","doi":"10.18400/tekderg.483348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.483348","url":null,"abstract":"In practice, the shear vane test is used to predict the undrained shear strength of remolded and undisturbed clay soils. The undrained shear strength could also be estimated for remolded soils by the fall cone test. However, the determination of undrained shear strength by this test requires a very significant factor which is referred to as fall cone factor. The drained internal friction angle could be obtained by using the fall cone factor, calibrated in accordance with experimental results and the values of undrained shear strength calculated for different water contents and void ratios at critical state. In this study, compressibility and strength parameters were determined practically on remolded samples of cohesive soils with different index proporties by using the methods proposed in the literature. In addition, the applicability of the method used was evaluated for the same soil by comparing the compressibility and strength parameters obtained from oedometer and triaxial compression tests.","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":"31 1","pages":"9987-10012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42888947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taskinlar kentsel ve kirsal alanlarda onemli zararlara yol acmaktadir. Ulkemiz turizmi acisindan buyuk bir oneme sahip Bodrum ilcesi de taskinlarin bu olumsuz etkilerinden nasibini almaktadir. Yogun kentsel yapilasma nedeniyle gecirimsizlesen kentsel doku carpik kentlesmenin de etkisiyle ozellikle kisa sureli saganaklarda kent hayatini yasanilmaz hale getiren, ulkemiz turizmine de zarar veren taskinlara sebep olmaktadir. Yetersiz kentsel alt yapinin taskin yuklerini tasiyabilmesi icin gereken muhendislik calismalari; kentlesmenin yogun ve carpik olmasi, kamulastirma maliyetlerinin yuksek olmasi, gorev tanimlarindaki belirsizlikler vb. sebeplerden dolayi gecikmektedir. Ozellikle 22-23 Eylul 2015 taskini, Bodrum sehir merkezini buyuk olcude etkilemistir. Bu afet sonucunda; Mugla Valiligince 266 isyeri, 184 konut,197 arac, 24 motosikletin zarar gordugu aciklanmistir. Bununla birlikte sehir ici yollar kapanmis, drenaj hatlari zarar gormus ve turizm sekteye ugramistir. 22-23 Eylul 2015 taskini, meydana geldigi alt havzalar olceginde incelenmistir. Yerinde gozlemler yapilarak taskin sebep, olusum ve sonuclari arastirilmistir. Her bir alt havza icin; ust, orta ve alt havza drenaj sistemleri ve bu sistemler uzerindeki yapisal ve yapisal olmayan unsurlar ozellikle taskin olusturacak sebepler bakimindan degerlendirmeye tabi tutulmustur. Yagis kayitlari kullanilarak, SCS (Soil Conservation Service) modeli araciligiyla yuzeysel akis tahminleri gerceklestirilmistir. Boyutsuz hidrograflar yardimiyla taskin hidrograflari elde edilmistir. Sonuclar kullanilarak 22-23 Eylul 2015 taskini hakkinda degerlendirmelere yer verilmis ve cozum onerilerinde bulunmustur.
任务正在城市和污染地区造成严重破坏。我国的旅游危机是利用博德鲁姆初级人口的负面影响。如果你不在城市里过夜，那是因为这个城市挑剔的城市被茂密的雨林所抑制，也是因为我们国家的旅游业受到了破坏。城市郊区令人难以置信的灾难需要评估任务的高度；城市的贫困和挑剔性质、高昂的公共支出、法院定义的不确定性等都是有原因的。2015年4月22日至23日，博德鲁姆剧院中心给人留下了深刻印象。因此，Mugla Valiligince 266 isyeri，184 konut，197 arac，24 motosikletin zarar gordugu aciklanmistir。总之，神奇的路线不会关闭，排水管受损，旅游业也会受损。2015年9月22日至23日，该项目在水下游泳池接受检查。这是因为任务和后果都是由爆炸物建立起来的。每艘潜艇；ust、介质和海底排水系统，以及这些系统中的抽象和非工业元素，必须小心地溶解，原因将是一项任务。使用Yagis注册表，SCS模型可以满足低成本估计。未氢化的氢被用来获得taskin氢。结果包括2015年9月22日至23日的任务降级，这很难实现。
{"title":"22-23 Eylül 2015 Bodrum Sel Felaketi","authors":"Kader Benli, Ceyhun Özçelik","doi":"10.18400/tekderg.503017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.503017","url":null,"abstract":"Taskinlar kentsel ve kirsal alanlarda onemli zararlara yol acmaktadir. Ulkemiz turizmi acisindan buyuk bir oneme sahip Bodrum ilcesi de taskinlarin bu olumsuz etkilerinden nasibini almaktadir. Yogun kentsel yapilasma nedeniyle gecirimsizlesen kentsel doku carpik kentlesmenin de etkisiyle ozellikle kisa sureli saganaklarda kent hayatini yasanilmaz hale getiren, ulkemiz turizmine de zarar veren taskinlara sebep olmaktadir. Yetersiz kentsel alt yapinin taskin yuklerini tasiyabilmesi icin gereken muhendislik calismalari; kentlesmenin yogun ve carpik olmasi, kamulastirma maliyetlerinin yuksek olmasi, gorev tanimlarindaki belirsizlikler vb. sebeplerden dolayi gecikmektedir. Ozellikle 22-23 Eylul 2015 taskini, Bodrum sehir merkezini buyuk olcude etkilemistir. Bu afet sonucunda; Mugla Valiligince 266 isyeri, 184 konut,197 arac, 24 motosikletin zarar gordugu aciklanmistir. Bununla birlikte sehir ici yollar kapanmis, drenaj hatlari zarar gormus ve turizm sekteye ugramistir. 22-23 Eylul 2015 taskini, meydana geldigi alt havzalar olceginde incelenmistir. Yerinde gozlemler yapilarak taskin sebep, olusum ve sonuclari arastirilmistir. Her bir alt havza icin; ust, orta ve alt havza drenaj sistemleri ve bu sistemler uzerindeki yapisal ve yapisal olmayan unsurlar ozellikle taskin olusturacak sebepler bakimindan degerlendirmeye tabi tutulmustur. Yagis kayitlari kullanilarak, SCS (Soil Conservation Service) modeli araciligiyla yuzeysel akis tahminleri gerceklestirilmistir. Boyutsuz hidrograflar yardimiyla taskin hidrograflari elde edilmistir. Sonuclar kullanilarak 22-23 Eylul 2015 taskini hakkinda degerlendirmelere yer verilmis ve cozum onerilerinde bulunmustur.","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49607931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Betonarme kesitlerin tasima gucleri hesaplanirken uygunluk denklemlerinin yazilabilmesi icin beton birim ezilme kisalmasinin (e_cu) bilinmesi gerekmektedir. TS 500’de ve Amerikan Yonetmeligi ACI 318’de birim ezilme kisalmasi tum beton siniflari icin 0.003 varsayilmaktadir[1,2]. Eurocode’da ise normal dayanimli betonlar icin e_cu=0.0035 alinmakta, yuksek dayanimli betonlarda ise e_cu’nun beton dayanimi ile degistigi varsayilmaktadir[3]. Bu calismada yapilan varsayimlarin ne derece dogru oldugu irdelenmektedir.
{"title":"Betonun Birim Ezilme Kısalması ile İlgili Bir İrdeleme","authors":"Aslı Keser, Uğur Ersoy","doi":"10.18400/tekderg.560007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.560007","url":null,"abstract":"Betonarme kesitlerin tasima gucleri hesaplanirken uygunluk denklemlerinin yazilabilmesi icin beton birim ezilme kisalmasinin (e_cu) bilinmesi gerekmektedir. TS 500’de ve Amerikan Yonetmeligi ACI 318’de birim ezilme kisalmasi tum beton siniflari icin 0.003 varsayilmaktadir[1,2]. Eurocode’da ise normal dayanimli betonlar icin e_cu=0.0035 alinmakta, yuksek dayanimli betonlarda ise e_cu’nun beton dayanimi ile degistigi varsayilmaktadir[3]. Bu calismada yapilan varsayimlarin ne derece dogru oldugu irdelenmektedir.","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47936998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abbas Muhammad, I. Yitmen, Sepehr Alizadehsalehi, Tolga Çelik
Among the significant tasks of construction site management, site layout planning is a crucial activity which leads to project success. Currently the concept of an optimized construction site layou ...
在施工现场管理的重要任务中，场地布置规划是决定工程成败的一项重要活动。目前优化建筑工地的概念是…
{"title":"Adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) for Site Layout Optimization of Construction Projects","authors":"Abbas Muhammad, I. Yitmen, Sepehr Alizadehsalehi, Tolga Çelik","doi":"10.18400/TEKDERG.423448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/TEKDERG.423448","url":null,"abstract":"Among the significant tasks of construction site management, site layout planning is a crucial activity which leads to project success. Currently the concept of an optimized construction site layou ...","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46575631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing travel demand in urban areas triggers traffic congestion and increases delay in road networks. In this context, local authorities that are responsible for traffic operations seek to strike a balance between traffic volume and capacity to reduce total travel time on road networks. Since intersections are the most critical components of road networks in terms of safety and operational issues, adjusting intersection signal timings becomes an effective method for authorities. When this tool remains incapable of overcoming traffic congestions, authorities take expensive measures such as increasing link capacities, lane additions or applying grade-separated junctions. However, it may be more useful to handle road networks as a whole by investigating the effects of optimizing signal timings of all intersections in the network. Therefore, it would be useful to investigate the right time for physical improvements on the road network to avoid premature investments considering limited resources of local authorities. In this study, effects of increasing travel demand on Total Travel Cost (TTC) is investigated by developing a bi-level programming model, called TRAvel COst Minimizer (TRACOM), in which the upper level minimizes the TTC subject to the stochastic user equilibrium link flows determined at the lower level. The TRACOM is applied to Allsop and Charlesworths’ network for different origin-destination demand matrix multipliers. Results revealed that TTC values showed an approximate linear increase while the travel demand is increased up to 16%. After this value, TTC showed a sudden spike although the travel demand was linearly increased that means optimizing signal timings must be supported by applying psychical improvements.
{"title":"Investigating Acceptable Level of Travel Demand before Capacity Enhancement for Signalized Urban Road Networks","authors":"Ö. Baskan, Huseyin Ceylan, Cenk Ozan","doi":"10.18400/tekderg.464260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.464260","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing travel demand in urban areas triggers traffic congestion and increases delay in road networks. In this context, local authorities that are responsible for traffic operations seek to strike a balance between traffic volume and capacity to reduce total travel time on road networks. Since intersections are the most critical components of road networks in terms of safety and operational issues, adjusting intersection signal timings becomes an effective method for authorities. When this tool remains incapable of overcoming traffic congestions, authorities take expensive measures such as increasing link capacities, lane additions or applying grade-separated junctions. However, it may be more useful to handle road networks as a whole by investigating the effects of optimizing signal timings of all intersections in the network. Therefore, it would be useful to investigate the right time for physical improvements on the road network to avoid premature investments considering limited resources of local authorities. In this study, effects of increasing travel demand on Total Travel Cost (TTC) is investigated by developing a bi-level programming model, called TRAvel COst Minimizer (TRACOM), in which the upper level minimizes the TTC subject to the stochastic user equilibrium link flows determined at the lower level. The TRACOM is applied to Allsop and Charlesworths’ network for different origin-destination demand matrix multipliers. Results revealed that TTC values showed an approximate linear increase while the travel demand is increased up to 16%. After this value, TTC showed a sudden spike although the travel demand was linearly increased that means optimizing signal timings must be supported by applying psychical improvements.","PeriodicalId":49442,"journal":{"name":"Teknik Dergi","volume":"31 1","pages":"9897-9917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44520153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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