The research model presented in this article, of control room operators’ work activities in an electric power system, includes an analysis of the main control room’s characteristics, the performance of the operators, and the influence of the environment on the operators’ efficiency. For the purpose of group ranking the most important aspects describing the risk factors, fuzzy numbers are used. The influence of all the experts on the final decision is based on their previous experience. Human system, control information system, and supporting system elements are used as assessment criteria. In the analysed control room, the major impact on the operators’ efficiency is the causes and effects of stress and the presentation of information. Display panels and control desks are crucial aspects of the control information system, as they affect the efficient presentation of information. In relation to the indoor environment, lighting conditions are identified as the most important. Based on the results obtained, we propose changes that decrease the risks by enabling better work positions for operators and the presentation of information on display panels and graphic screens.
{"title":"A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO ANALYSING WORK EFFICIENCY IN POWER CONTROL ROOMS: A CASE STUDY","authors":"G. Janackovic, M. Grozdanović","doi":"10.7166/31-4-2277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-2277","url":null,"abstract":"The research model presented in this article, of control room operators’ work activities in an electric power system, includes an analysis of the main control room’s characteristics, the performance of the operators, and the influence of the environment on the operators’ efficiency. For the purpose of group ranking the most important aspects describing the risk factors, fuzzy numbers are used. The influence of all the experts on the final decision is based on their previous experience. Human system, control information system, and supporting system elements are used as assessment criteria. In the analysed control room, the major impact on the operators’ efficiency is the causes and effects of stress and the presentation of information. Display panels and control desks are crucial aspects of the control information system, as they affect the efficient presentation of information. In relation to the indoor environment, lighting conditions are identified as the most important. Based on the results obtained, we propose changes that decrease the risks by enabling better work positions for operators and the presentation of information on display panels and graphic screens.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41605576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simultaneous Localisation And Mapping (SLAM) In Dynamic Environments (IDE) may be improved by detecting and removing moving objects that may otherwise lead to localisation errors. This work combines convolutional neural networks and feature clustering to serve as A Moving Object detection and REmoval method (AMORE) that removes moving objects from the SLAM process and improves the performance of SLAMIDE. Experiments show that a visual SLAM algorithm and AMORE combined are more robust with high-dynamic objects than the SLAM algorithm alone, and performance is comparable to state-of-the-art visual SLAMIDE approaches. AMORE has the advantage of simplicity, requiring minimal implementation effort.
{"title":"AMORE: CNN-BASED MOVING OBJECT DETECTION AND REMOVAL TOWARDS SLAM IN DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS","authors":"A. Pancham, D. Withey, G. Bright","doi":"10.7166/31-4-2180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-2180","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous Localisation And Mapping (SLAM) In Dynamic Environments (IDE) may be improved by detecting and removing moving objects that may otherwise lead to localisation errors. This work combines convolutional neural networks and feature clustering to serve as A Moving Object detection and REmoval method (AMORE) that removes moving objects from the SLAM process and improves the performance of SLAMIDE. Experiments show that a visual SLAM algorithm and AMORE combined are more robust with high-dynamic objects than the SLAM algorithm alone, and performance is comparable to state-of-the-art visual SLAMIDE approaches. AMORE has the advantage of simplicity, requiring minimal implementation effort.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45765626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A holistic framework that enables a systematic evaluation of the factors affecting the location of economic activities has thus far been lacking. Using a structured review, this research summarises the key developments that address this issue. Based on this review, a conceptual framework is proposed. The framework is location-centric — i.e., it evaluates the performance of a location in supporting a specific activity aimed at a particular market. It aims to assist both firms and policymakers to evaluate the key location determinants that drive the location of activities.
{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING THE LOCATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK","authors":"W. Bam, K. Bruyne, C. Schutte","doi":"10.7166/31-4-2445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-2445","url":null,"abstract":"A holistic framework that enables a systematic evaluation of the factors affecting the location of economic activities has thus far been lacking. Using a structured review, this research summarises the key developments that address this issue. Based on this review, a conceptual framework is proposed. The framework is location-centric — i.e., it evaluates the performance of a location in supporting a specific activity aimed at a particular market. It aims to assist both firms and policymakers to evaluate the key location determinants that drive the location of activities.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"115-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cement industry is known to be the largest consumer of energy and natural resources. Globally, an average of a ton of cement is needed by every individual each year. Cement, being the major constituent of concrete, is the most manufactured and most consumed product, and its environmental impact continuously increases; this in turn causes climate change and global warming. This has stimulated the quest to understand the environmental implications of the cement industry through life cycle assessment. The need to review life cycle assessment (LCA) software that is available for cement production is thus germane, as the desired output to be obtained in an LCA largely depends on the choice of the software package to be used. Of the 45 LCA software tools reviewed, we report on a comparison of four suitable and prominent software packages — GaBi, OpenLCA, SimaPro, and Umberto — for the cement industry. From our analysis, SimaPro emerged as the best software tool for the cement industry, based on the required standards. However, every user knows what is required in a tool; thus this paper helps to link the desired output to a particular software tool.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN CEMENT PRODUCTION","authors":"B. D. Olagunju, O. Olanrewaju","doi":"10.7166/31-4-2317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-2317","url":null,"abstract":"The cement industry is known to be the largest consumer of energy and natural resources. Globally, an average of a ton of cement is needed by every individual each year. Cement, being the major constituent of concrete, is the most manufactured and most consumed product, and its environmental impact continuously increases; this in turn causes climate change and global warming. This has stimulated the quest to understand the environmental implications of the cement industry through life cycle assessment. The need to review life cycle assessment (LCA) software that is available for cement production is thus germane, as the desired output to be obtained in an LCA largely depends on the choice of the software package to be used. Of the 45 LCA software tools reviewed, we report on a comparison of four suitable and prominent software packages — GaBi, OpenLCA, SimaPro, and Umberto — for the cement industry. From our analysis, SimaPro emerged as the best software tool for the cement industry, based on the required standards. However, every user knows what is required in a tool; thus this paper helps to link the desired output to a particular software tool.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"70-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47110823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high-technology complex system can be supported during its extended life by using an integrated logistics support system (ILSS). The process to develop an ILSS is used and is familiar in industrial and military complex systems. This paper discusses the advantages and implications of developing an ILSS for high-technology complex systems that are being used beyond their intended designed life. A literature review of the integrated logistics support (ILS), obsolescence, and diminishing manufacturer sources and material shortages (DMSMS) literature was conducted. The ILS and obsolescence components of several high-technology complex systems were studied for this paper.
{"title":"INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT IN HIGH-TECHNOLOGY COMPLEX SYSTEMS THAT ARE USED BEYOND THEIR DESIGNED LIFE","authors":"K. Lambert","doi":"10.7166/31-4-1828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-1828","url":null,"abstract":"A high-technology complex system can be supported during its extended life by using an integrated logistics support system (ILSS). The process to develop an ILSS is used and is familiar in industrial and military complex systems. This paper discusses the advantages and implications of developing an ILSS for high-technology complex systems that are being used beyond their intended designed life. A literature review of the integrated logistics support (ILS), obsolescence, and diminishing manufacturer sources and material shortages (DMSMS) literature was conducted. The ILS and obsolescence components of several high-technology complex systems were studied for this paper.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piwai Chikasha, K. Ramdass, Kgabo Mokgokloa, R. Maladzhi
Curriculum is the primary factor that defines the competence and skill level of graduate industrial engineers as these professionals leave university and enter a dynamic industry that is affected by multiple social, economic, environmental, and political issues. If the curriculum is not adaptive, the quality of their education is compromised. This work proposes a rigid-skeleton flexible-body approach in which the architecture of the industrial engineering curriculum is rigid but has the flexibility, at a holistic level, to manipulate micro-components according to the needs of the industry. This work therefore examines the potential for atomic-type curriculum manipulation rather than molecular-type manipulation.
{"title":"ALIGNING INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION WITH INDUSTRY THROUGH ATOMIC CURRICULUM MANIPULATION","authors":"Piwai Chikasha, K. Ramdass, Kgabo Mokgokloa, R. Maladzhi","doi":"10.7166/31-4-2393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-2393","url":null,"abstract":"Curriculum is the primary factor that defines the competence and skill level of graduate industrial engineers as these professionals leave university and enter a dynamic industry that is affected by multiple social, economic, environmental, and political issues. If the curriculum is not adaptive, the quality of their education is compromised. This work proposes a rigid-skeleton flexible-body approach in which the architecture of the industrial engineering curriculum is rigid but has the flexibility, at a holistic level, to manipulate micro-components according to the needs of the industry. This work therefore examines the potential for atomic-type curriculum manipulation rather than molecular-type manipulation.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43870368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiffany M Adams, L. Goedhals-Gerber, Joubert Van Eeden
The South African National Road Traffic Act stipulates a legal vehicle height of 4.3 metres. The standard flat deck trailer fleet used in South Africa, combined with the international standard high cube container stands at 4.5 metres, thus breaching this limit. The complexity of the transport system involves aspects of road infrastructure, transport haulage equipment, road safety, and export economies of scale, leaving this issue unresolved for a decade. A stakeholder analysis, industry survey, analytic hierarchy process method, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine the best outcome from a risk and financial perspective. The research outcome indicates that legislation should be adjusted.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE MORATORIUM ON THE REGULATION GOVERNING VEHICLE HEIGHT RESTRICTION: A SOUTH AFRICAN HIGH CUBE CONTAINER CASE","authors":"Tiffany M Adams, L. Goedhals-Gerber, Joubert Van Eeden","doi":"10.7166/31-4-2353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-2353","url":null,"abstract":"The South African National Road Traffic Act stipulates a legal vehicle height of 4.3 metres. The standard flat deck trailer fleet used in South Africa, combined with the international standard high cube container stands at 4.5 metres, thus breaching this limit. The complexity of the transport system involves aspects of road infrastructure, transport haulage equipment, road safety, and export economies of scale, leaving this issue unresolved for a decade. A stakeholder analysis, industry survey, analytic hierarchy process method, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine the best outcome from a risk and financial perspective. The research outcome indicates that legislation should be adjusted.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to enhance technology foresight by contributing to technological awareness and wisdom. It is based on an understanding of the fundamental nature of technology, and requires an overarching view. This needs at least three constituents: (1) a universal definition of technology; (2) a central organising framework; and (3) a methodology for measuring technological advance at the national level. The article then addresses these constituents. It examines the status of each and projects what needs to be done.
{"title":"TOWARDS TECHNOLOGICAL AWARENESS AND WISDOM","authors":"R. V. Wyk","doi":"10.7166/31-4-2274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-2274","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to enhance technology foresight by contributing to technological awareness and wisdom. It is based on an understanding of the fundamental nature of technology, and requires an overarching view. This needs at least three constituents: (1) a universal definition of technology; (2) a central organising framework; and (3) a methodology for measuring technological advance at the national level. The article then addresses these constituents. It examines the status of each and projects what needs to be done.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45241839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluates the high electricity costs faced at a carpet manufacturing company. Research was conducted by focusing on the supply and availability of electricity in South Africa and alternative energy sources. Modelling methods were investigated to determine an appropriate approach to solving the high-cost problem at the company to ensure that the model could be reused for similar scenarios. The findings provide an electricity minimisation solution that requires the installation of a solar system. Using generated solar energy, and consuming generator power to maintain optimal monthly municipal thresholds, electricity costs would be reduced by over R100 000 monthly.
{"title":"MINIMISING ELECTRICITY COSTS BY DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE COMBINATION OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES","authors":"Janine Steyl, J. P. S. Yadavalli","doi":"10.7166/31-4-2328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-2328","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the high electricity costs faced at a carpet manufacturing company. Research was conducted by focusing on the supply and availability of electricity in South Africa and alternative energy sources. Modelling methods were investigated to determine an appropriate approach to solving the high-cost problem at the company to ensure that the model could be reused for similar scenarios. The findings provide an electricity minimisation solution that requires the installation of a solar system. Using generated solar energy, and consuming generator power to maintain optimal monthly municipal thresholds, electricity costs would be reduced by over R100 000 monthly.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43920304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the initial 5S methodology focused on sorting, cleaning, standardising, and sustaining the work environment, 7S is a new methodology that has been modified to incorporate a culture of safety and team spirit. The paper describes the application of 7S methodology as a systematic approach to increasing efficiency, quality, and safety performance in modern manufacturing organisations. The 7S approach sets the stage for effective lean manufacturing and continuous improvement efforts, stressing a tidy, safe, and organised working environment. The systematic application of 7S requires the application of international standards such as OHSAS 18001 to improve employees’ occupational health and safety. The case organisation in the study produces buckets for the construction industry. The study’s findings revealed the elimination of production problems such as delays, underused space, and non-conformance to safety measures through a holistic application of 7S. 7S also correlates with operational performance — explicitly those aspects of operational performance which influencing the overall quality and productivity of the organisation.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF 7S METHODOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH IN A BUCKET MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION","authors":"N. Sukdeo, K. Ramdass, Given Petja","doi":"10.7166/31-4-2283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7166/31-4-2283","url":null,"abstract":"While the initial 5S methodology focused on sorting, cleaning, standardising, and sustaining the work environment, 7S is a new methodology that has been modified to incorporate a culture of safety and team spirit. The paper describes the application of 7S methodology as a systematic approach to increasing efficiency, quality, and safety performance in modern manufacturing organisations. The 7S approach sets the stage for effective lean manufacturing and continuous improvement efforts, stressing a tidy, safe, and organised working environment. The systematic application of 7S requires the application of international standards such as OHSAS 18001 to improve employees’ occupational health and safety. The case organisation in the study produces buckets for the construction industry. The study’s findings revealed the elimination of production problems such as delays, underused space, and non-conformance to safety measures through a holistic application of 7S. 7S also correlates with operational performance — explicitly those aspects of operational performance which influencing the overall quality and productivity of the organisation.","PeriodicalId":49493,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Industrial Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"178-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42260094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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