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A WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM PERSPECTIVE ON THE QUADRUPLE HELIX MODEL OF INNOVATION 从世界经济论坛看创新的四重螺旋模式
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.7166/31-4-2295
R. Steenkamp
The fourth industrial revolution is a relatively recent phenomenon, underpinned by multiple forces, and thus characterised by both innovation and complexity. Such characteristics bring into play several new concepts that affect societies, ecosystems, leadership, and management in different ways. The need for a model to explain the dynamics of the fourth industrial revolution seems evident from the scope, velocity, and speed of new technologies related to the fourth industrial revolution phenomenon. The quadruple helix model of innovation offers possibilities of bringing together the interplay of multiple concepts both to clarify and to simplify the primary dimensions of the fourth industrial revolution. This article examines these dimensions, and shows how the quadruple helix model potentially connects four movements: triple helix ecosystems, triple management theory, upscaling agility, and epochal society. To review the quadruple helix model, the study employs a three-phased strategy that combines secondary literature sources. This includes, as a prime focus, a perspective from the World Economic Forum as an expression of a prominent and expert view.
第四次工业革命是一个相对较新的现象,受到多种力量的支撑,因此具有创新和复杂性的双重特征。这些特征带来了一些新的概念,它们以不同的方式影响着社会、生态系统、领导力和管理。从与第四次工业革命现象相关的新技术的范围、速度和速度来看,很明显需要一个模型来解释第四次工业革命的动态。创新的四螺旋模型提供了将多个概念的相互作用结合在一起的可能性,以澄清和简化第四次工业革命的主要维度。本文考察了这些维度,并展示了四螺旋模型如何潜在地将四种运动联系起来:三螺旋生态系统、三重管理理论、升级敏捷性和划时代社会。为了回顾四螺旋模型,本研究采用了结合二手文献来源的三阶段策略。这包括作为主要焦点的世界经济论坛的观点,作为一个杰出的专家观点的表达。
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引用次数: 3
IMPROVING QUALITY BY IMPLEMENTING LEAN MANUFACTURING, SPC, AND HACCP IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY 通过在食品行业实施精益生产、spc和haccp来提高质量:一个案例研究
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.7166/31-4-2363
James M Cabrera, Oscar Corpus, F. Maradiegue, J. A. Merino
Interest in ensuring the safety of food for human consumption has grown considerably owing to the economic impact of returns on products that do not meet the organoleptic characteristics that customers require. The presence of pollutants and reduced shelf life are the most common problems affecting food quality. This research applied the improving quality to a food SME company belonging to the ‘fourth range’ sub-sector based on lean manufacturing tools, statistical process control (SPC), and the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system. The Lean tools that were applied are value stream map and 5s. The value stream maps (VSMs) to identify the operations most at risk of cross-contamination in the supply chain, and use 5S to prevent the contamination and decomposition of products in work areas. The statistical process control allows the variability of products to be controlled with respect to consumer quality parameters; and HACCP insures food safety through the control of critical points of contamination risk. A pilot project was carried out for two months, which resulted in a reduction of product returns by 89.2%.
由于对不符合顾客所要求的感官特性的产品进行退货所产生的经济影响,人们对确保供人类消费的食品安全的兴趣大大增加。污染物的存在和保质期的缩短是影响食品质量的最常见问题。本研究基于精益生产工具、统计过程控制(SPC)和危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)系统,将质量改善应用于一家属于“第四范围”子行业的食品中小企业。所应用的精益工具是价值流图和5s。价值流图(VSMs)识别供应链中最有交叉污染风险的操作,并使用5S来防止工作区域产品的污染和分解。统计过程控制允许根据消费者质量参数控制产品的可变性;HACCP通过控制污染风险的关键点来确保食品安全。试点项目进行了两个月,结果产品退货率降低了89.2%。
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引用次数: 6
MEASURING HUMAN FACTORS IN MAINTENANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW 维修中人为因素的测量&文献综述
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.7166/31-4-2325
Rina Peach, K. Visser
Strategies to manage the human factors in maintenance are documented in the maintenance management and human sciences spaces. However, it is unclear from the literature which indicators and measurements should be used for these factors. It is also unclear how to integrate them into traditional maintenance performance frameworks. This article summarises the maintenance human factors and measurements found in the literature. A systematic literature review of the most often cited human factors indicated a statistically significant correlation with the ‘human factors analysis and classification system — maintenance extension’ framework. A hierarchal maintenance measurement framework that includes these maintenance human factors is proposed.
维护管理和人文科学领域记录了管理维护中人为因素的策略。然而,从文献中还不清楚这些因素应该使用哪些指标和测量方法。还不清楚如何将它们集成到传统的维护性能框架中。本文总结了文献中发现的维护人为因素和测量方法。对最常被引用的人为因素的系统文献综述表明,与“人为因素分析和分类系统——维护扩展”框架存在统计学上的显著相关性。提出了一个包含这些维修人为因素的层次维修测量框架。
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引用次数: 2
SELECTION OF SUSTAINABLE SUPPLIER(S) IN A PAINT MANUFACTURING COMPANY USING HYBRID META-HEURISTIC ALGORITHM 基于混合元启发式算法的涂料生产企业可持续供应商选择
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.7166/31-3-2429
M. Machesa, L. Tartibu, M. Okwu
Supplier selection in a manufacturing system is highly complex owing to the nature and structure of organisations, necessitating a paradigm shift from the rule-of-thumb and classical methods of supplier selection to a reliable technique that uses a hybrid algorithm to provide greater accuracy in the selection process. This study proposes the use of a hybrid computational intelligence technique — an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system — for the effective identification and selection of sustainable suppliers. This hybrid modelling configuration was applied in a paint manufacturing company to select the best possible supplier. Information obtained from the company within the period of investigation was fed into the model. The result obtained shows a faster and more reliable prediction by the creative model. Professionals and business managers will benefit greatly from the selection of sustainable suppliers in an in-bound and out-bound supply chain system.
由于组织的性质和结构,制造系统中的供应商选择非常复杂,因此必须从经验法则和经典的供应商选择方法转变为使用混合算法在选择过程中提供更高准确性的可靠技术。本研究提出使用混合计算智能技术——自适应神经模糊推理系统——来有效识别和选择可持续供应商。这种混合建模配置应用于一家油漆制造公司,以选择尽可能好的供应商。在调查期间从该公司获得的信息被输入到模型中。所获得的结果表明,该创新模型的预测速度更快、更可靠。专业人员和业务经理将从在内外部供应链系统中选择可持续供应商中受益匪浅。
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引用次数: 5
NATURE-INSPIRED LEADERSHIP — SEEKING HUMAN-TECHNOLOGY-EARTH HARMONY 以自然为导向的领导&寻求人地和谐
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.7166/31-3-2431
A. Botha
“Go to the ant, … consider its ways and be wise!” (Proverbs 6:6) . We have progressed using biomimicry to inform our engineering designs and processes. Yet we have learnt very little in finding our inspiration from nature for leading in our complex world. In nature, those species that learn by observing, listening, making sense, internalising, thinking, and resting at the right time, survive and thrive in their environments — on plains, in mountains, in the bush, rivers, oceans, deserts, and the sky. Fight or flight takes place in both nature and business. Challenges are shared in co-existence, patience, perseverance, resilience, and adaptation. Leadership challenges that are emerging in the new world of human and machine co-existence will also be enriched by lessons from nature that inspire new behaviour, that are not conceived in business schools or legacy cultures, but that are flexible, effective, and work efficiently — as natural solutions have done for millennia. We discuss the makings of a conceptual thought model of leadership inspired by nature. It is a starting point to create an awareness of how nature-inspired leadership may be applied. Yet, when modelling anything on nature, one has to realise that all models are simplifications, which means that nature itself, as a complex system, is not fully understood. Our aim should not be to copy nature, but to extract principles from it.
“去蚂蚁那里吧……想想它的路,要有智慧!”(箴言6:6)。我们已经在使用仿生学为我们的工程设计和工艺提供信息方面取得了进展。然而,我们从大自然中寻找灵感,在复杂的世界中发挥领导作用,却学到了很少的东西。在自然界中,那些通过观察、倾听、理解、内化、思考和在正确的时间休息来学习的物种,在平原、山脉、灌木丛、河流、海洋、沙漠和天空等环境中生存和繁荣。战斗或逃跑既发生在自然中,也发生在商业中。挑战在共存、耐心、毅力、韧性和适应方面是共同的。在人类和机器共存的新世界中出现的领导力挑战也将因自然的教训而丰富,这些教训激发了新的行为,这些行为不是在商学院或传统文化中构思的,而是灵活、有效和高效的——就像几千年来自然解决方案所做的那样。我们讨论了受自然启发的领导力概念思维模型的构成。这是一个起点,让人们意识到如何应用自然启发的领导力。然而,当对自然进行建模时,人们必须意识到所有的模型都是简化的,这意味着自然本身作为一个复杂的系统,还没有被完全理解。我们的目标不应该是复制自然,而是从中提取原则。
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引用次数: 1
SELECTING A SCALED AGILE APPROACH FOR A FIN-TECH COMPANY 为金融科技公司选择规模化敏捷方法
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.7166/31-3-2432
L. Christopher, M. Vries
Agile methodologies were created for small co-located teams; but their benefits are now needed for projects with multiple, geographically dispersed teams. This raises the issue of scaled Agile — the modification of Agile to suit grander endeavours. This article introduces a fin-tech company which is building a digital banking platform and is already running Scrum, with the crucial need to scale its Agile approach because numerous globally distributed development teams are working on this project. A systematic inquiry at the enterprise, using interviews and surveys, raised issues about inter-team communication, collaboration, and dependencies, all of which link to issues in the literature about scaling Agile. Using a systematic process of extracting knowledge on Agile-at-scale frameworks from the literature, a comparison of existing frameworks (SAFe, Less, DAD, and Nexus) was used to determine which was best suited, with Nexus being suggested for the enterprise. We conclude by suggesting case study research to experiment further with Nexus.
敏捷方法论是为同地办公的小型团队创建的;但是,对于具有多个地理上分散的团队的项目来说,现在需要它们的好处。这就提出了规模敏捷的问题——对敏捷进行修改以适应更大的努力。本文介绍了一家金融科技公司,该公司正在构建一个数字银行平台,并且已经在运行Scrum,由于许多全球分布的开发团队正在进行该项目,因此迫切需要扩展其敏捷方法。通过访谈和调查,对企业进行了系统的调查,提出了团队间沟通、协作和依赖性的问题,所有这些都与文献中关于扩展敏捷的问题有关。使用从文献中提取敏捷规模框架知识的系统过程,对现有框架(SAFe、Less、DAD和Nexus)进行比较,以确定哪种框架最适合,Nexus被建议用于企业。最后,我们建议通过案例研究对Nexus进行进一步的实验。
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引用次数: 2
MODELLING THE TENDENCIES OF A RESIDENTIAL POPULATION TO CONSERVE WATER 模拟居民节约用水的趋势
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.7166/31-3-2425
C. Searle, Victoria Harper
Water scarcity is both a global and a local phenomenon. In order to address this, investigations into water demand management strategies and the conservation tendencies of a population are imperative. This paper investigates the tendencies of a residential population in the City of Cape Town to conserve water in response to certain demand management strategies, using an agent-based simulation approach. The model allows for the population in a ward of interest to be defined by certain attributes, such as income level and access to information. The user may trigger certain demand management strategies during the simulation run, and visually explore the changes in environmental awareness and conservation tendency of the user-defined population. The model has the ability to be used as an investigative tool to explore the effect of different water demand management strategies on the tendencies of households in different wards of Cape Town to conserve water.
缺水既是全球性现象,也是地方性现象。为了解决这一问题,必须调查水需求管理策略和人口的保护趋势。本文采用基于代理的模拟方法,调查了开普敦市居民在响应某些需求管理策略时节约用水的趋势。该模型允许通过某些属性来定义感兴趣病房中的人群,例如收入水平和信息获取。用户可以在模拟运行期间触发某些需求管理策略,并直观地探索用户定义人群的环境意识和保护趋势的变化。该模型可以作为一种调查工具,探索不同的用水需求管理策略对开普敦不同地区家庭节水趋势的影响。
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引用次数: 1
EXPLORING FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE MAINSTREAMING OF GENDERED ENERGY INTERVENTIONS IN POOR URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW 探索影响贫困城市环境中性别能源干预主流化的因素:结构化文献综述
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.7166/31-3-2421
L. Oosthuizen, I. D. Kock, J. Musango
Energy sectors are faced with the interconnected challenges of urbanisation and providing a growing population with accessible and sustainable energy that facilitates economic development, energy security, and poverty reduction. The Sustainable Development Goals address issues that include poverty, gender equality, energy, and sustainable cities, and highlight the need to improve the lives of poor communities and to address economic marginalisation. However, recent studies show that poor urban areas have a considerable number of female-lead households. Energy is a critical input for these households, resulting in women being increasingly vulnerable to unsustainable energy consumption patterns and energy insecurity. In this article, a structured literature review is conducted to investigate energy technologies that contribute to energy security among energy-poor women. The key factors to consider in the mainstreaming of a gender perspective into energy technology innovations are then identified and contextualised. How these factors can help achieve the sustainable development goals and contribute to ensuring sustainable energy sectors is also highlighted.
能源部门面临着城市化和为不断增长的人口提供可获取和可持续能源的相互关联的挑战,以促进经济发展、能源安全和减贫。可持续发展目标涉及贫困、性别平等、能源和可持续城市等问题,并强调需要改善贫困社区的生活和解决经济边缘化问题。然而,最近的研究表明,贫穷的城市地区有相当多的妇女为户主的家庭。能源是这些家庭的一项重要投入,导致妇女越来越容易受到不可持续的能源消费模式和能源不安全的影响。在本文中,进行了结构化的文献综述,以调查有助于能源贫困妇女能源安全的能源技术。在将性别观点纳入能源技术创新主流的过程中,需要考虑的关键因素随后得到确定和背景化。报告还强调了这些因素如何有助于实现可持续发展目标并有助于确保可持续能源部门。
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引用次数: 3
PRODUCTION SCHEDULING HEURISTICS FOR FREQUENT LOAD-SHEDDING SCENARIOS: A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING APPROACH 频繁减负荷情景下的生产调度启发式方法:知识工程方法
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.7166/31-3-2422
M. Dewa, A. V. D. Merwe, S. Matope
Most industrial machinery and equipment used by the South African manufacturing sector is powered by either a direct current or an alternating current electricity supply. With the recent frequent power cuts caused by load shedding, operations managers have a difficult time trying to satisfy demand. Power cuts are a supplier-related operational disturbance that leads to production halts, increased downtime, and a significant compromise in delivery due date conformance. The paper presents heuristic rules of thumb that can be applied during the process planning and scheduling of orders during cases of frequent load shedding to maintain high levels of system reliability and productivity. Different load shedding scenarios are characterised, and an appropriate strategy for production planning and scheduling is outlined for each scenario. A knowledge engineering approach is employed in the study, with expert opinions derived from surveys and the literature employed to generate the strategies. These strategies are validated through a simulation study conducted in a small manufacturing firm.
南非制造业部门使用的大多数工业机械和设备由直流电或交流电供电。随着最近因减载引起的频繁停电,运营经理很难满足需求。停电是一种与供应商相关的操作干扰,会导致生产停止、停机时间增加,并严重影响交付日期的一致性。本文提出了经验启发式规则,可用于在频繁减载情况下的流程规划和订单调度,以保持高水平的系统可靠性和生产力。描述了不同的减载场景,并针对每种场景概述了适当的生产计划和调度策略。在研究中采用了知识工程方法,从调查中获得专家意见,并采用文献来生成策略。通过在一家小型制造企业进行的模拟研究,验证了这些策略。
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引用次数: 1
AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF THE POTENTIAL BARRIERS TO AND DRIVERS OF ADOPTING AND IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA 南非采用和实施可持续建筑的潜在障碍和驱动因素综合评价
IF 0.5 4区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.7166/31-3-2417
Ralmar Marsh, A. Brent, I. D. Kock
While sustainable construction has gained increasing international attention, a limited number of studies address the issue of sustainable construction in South Africa. The adoption and implementation of sustainable solutions in the South African construction industry is also not apparent. The objective of this paper was to examine the most significant barriers to and drivers of the adoption and implementation of sustainable construction through an integrative review by systematically analysing the existing literature. This review identified six key themes in the literature: 1) socio-cultural barriers and drivers; 2) economic barriers and drivers; 3) stakeholder barriers and drivers; 4) political barriers and drivers; 5) technological barriers and drivers; and 6) the environmental benefits of adopting sustainable construction. An empirical investigation is ongoing to understand and analyse some of these barriers and drivers, with the aim of facilitating the transition to the adoption and successful implementation of sustainable construction in South Africa.
虽然可持续建筑已经获得了越来越多的国际关注,但有限数量的研究涉及南非的可持续建筑问题。南非建筑业采用和实施可持续解决方案的情况也不明显。本文的目的是通过系统地分析现有文献,通过综合审查,检查采用和实施可持续建筑的最重要障碍和驱动因素。本综述确定了文献中的六个关键主题:1)社会文化障碍和驱动因素;2)经济壁垒与驱动因素;3)利益相关者障碍与驱动因素;4)政治障碍和驱动因素;5)技术壁垒和驱动因素;采用可持续建筑的环境效益。目前正在进行一项实证调查,以了解和分析其中的一些障碍和驱动因素,目的是促进南非向采用和成功实施可持续建筑的过渡。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
South African Journal of Industrial Engineering
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