Purpose The purpose of this study was to design a paper strip-based non-invasive urine analysis system for the qualitative detection of biomarker aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in renal cancer (RC). RC accounts for 3% of all cancers and 85% of all kidney tumors and mainly originates from the kidney cortex. In recent times, higher urine concentration of AQP1 in patients with RC was confirmed as a specific biomarker of the disease. Hence, the noninvasive, user-friendly and self-diagnostic method is required for the detection of aquaporin biomarkers in RC. Design/methodology/approach The present research work was focused on the development and characterization of a dye conjugated cyclodextrin-based miniaturized system for impregnation on Whatman filter paper to identify RC using AQP1 biomarker present in urine samples. Findings It was observed that the test strip dipped into the urine sample, and the yellow color intensity increased with a decrease in AQP1 concentration due to the transformation of the dye system of free basic form into bound acidic form. The Hue-Saturation-Value profiling was used to observe the effect of color change using a smartphone application. The paper strip-based urine analysis system is highly sensitive for the detection of AQP1 in the range of 10 to 1,000 ng. Originality/value The successful validation indicated that this biosensor is likely to contribute to the development of point-of-care, novel, personalized diagnostics and ensure prolonged survival of RC patients in the near future.
{"title":"Impregnation of dye-conjugated miniaturized system on paper strip for detection of biomarker in renal cancer","authors":"Anjali Takke, P. Shende","doi":"10.1108/sr-02-2022-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-02-2022-0055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study was to design a paper strip-based non-invasive urine analysis system for the qualitative detection of biomarker aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in renal cancer (RC). RC accounts for 3% of all cancers and 85% of all kidney tumors and mainly originates from the kidney cortex. In recent times, higher urine concentration of AQP1 in patients with RC was confirmed as a specific biomarker of the disease. Hence, the noninvasive, user-friendly and self-diagnostic method is required for the detection of aquaporin biomarkers in RC.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The present research work was focused on the development and characterization of a dye conjugated cyclodextrin-based miniaturized system for impregnation on Whatman filter paper to identify RC using AQP1 biomarker present in urine samples.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000It was observed that the test strip dipped into the urine sample, and the yellow color intensity increased with a decrease in AQP1 concentration due to the transformation of the dye system of free basic form into bound acidic form. The Hue-Saturation-Value profiling was used to observe the effect of color change using a smartphone application. The paper strip-based urine analysis system is highly sensitive for the detection of AQP1 in the range of 10 to 1,000 ng.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The successful validation indicated that this biosensor is likely to contribute to the development of point-of-care, novel, personalized diagnostics and ensure prolonged survival of RC patients in the near future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44049292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design and validate an electronic nose (E-nose) prototype using commercially available metal oxide gas sensors (MOX). This prototype has a sensor array board that integrates eight different MOX gas sensors to handle multi-purpose applications. The number of sensors can be adapted to match different requirements and classification cases. The paper presents the validation of this E-nose prototype when used to identify three gas samples, namely, alcohol, butane and cigarette smoke. At the same time, it discusses the discriminative abilities of the prototype for the identification of alcohol, acetone and a mixture of them. In this respect, the selection of the appropriate type and number of gas sensors, as well as obtaining excellent discriminative abilities with a miniaturized design and minimal computation time, are all drivers for such implementation. Design/methodology/approach The suggested prototype contains two main parts: hardware (low-cost components) and software (Machine Learning). An interconnection printed circuit board, a Raspberry Pi and a sensor chamber with the sensor array board make up the first part. Eight sensors were put to the test to see how effective and feasible they were for the classification task at hand, and then the bare minimum of sensors was chosen. The second part consists of machine learning algorithms designed to ensure data acquisition and processing. These algorithms include feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and classification. To perform the classification task, two features taken from the sensors’ transient response were used. Findings Results reveal that the system presents high discriminative ability. The K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine radial basis function based (SVM-RBF) classifiers both achieved 97.81% and 98.44% mean accuracy, respectively. These results were obtained after data dimensionality reduction using linear discriminant analysis, which is more effective in terms of discrimination power than principal component analysis. A repeated stratified K-cross validation was used to train and test five different machine learning classifiers. The classifiers were each tested on sets of data to determine their accuracy. The SVM-RBF model had high, stable and consistent accuracy over many repeats and different data splits. The total execution time for detection and identification is about 10 s. Originality/value Using information extracted from transient response of the sensors, the system proved to be able to accurately classify the gas types only in three out of the eight MQ-X gas sensors. The training and validation results of the SVM-RBF classifier show a good bias-variance trade-off. This proves that the two transient features are sufficiently efficient for this classification purpose. Moreover, all data processing tasks are performed by the Raspberry Pi, which shows real-time data processing with miniaturized architecture and
{"title":"The design and validation of a fast and low-cost multi-purpose electronic nose for rapid gas identification","authors":"Hanene Rouabeh, S. Gomri, M. Masmoudi","doi":"10.1108/sr-01-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to design and validate an electronic nose (E-nose) prototype using commercially available metal oxide gas sensors (MOX). This prototype has a sensor array board that integrates eight different MOX gas sensors to handle multi-purpose applications. The number of sensors can be adapted to match different requirements and classification cases. The paper presents the validation of this E-nose prototype when used to identify three gas samples, namely, alcohol, butane and cigarette smoke. At the same time, it discusses the discriminative abilities of the prototype for the identification of alcohol, acetone and a mixture of them. In this respect, the selection of the appropriate type and number of gas sensors, as well as obtaining excellent discriminative abilities with a miniaturized design and minimal computation time, are all drivers for such implementation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The suggested prototype contains two main parts: hardware (low-cost components) and software (Machine Learning). An interconnection printed circuit board, a Raspberry Pi and a sensor chamber with the sensor array board make up the first part. Eight sensors were put to the test to see how effective and feasible they were for the classification task at hand, and then the bare minimum of sensors was chosen. The second part consists of machine learning algorithms designed to ensure data acquisition and processing. These algorithms include feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and classification. To perform the classification task, two features taken from the sensors’ transient response were used.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Results reveal that the system presents high discriminative ability. The K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine radial basis function based (SVM-RBF) classifiers both achieved 97.81% and 98.44% mean accuracy, respectively. These results were obtained after data dimensionality reduction using linear discriminant analysis, which is more effective in terms of discrimination power than principal component analysis. A repeated stratified K-cross validation was used to train and test five different machine learning classifiers. The classifiers were each tested on sets of data to determine their accuracy. The SVM-RBF model had high, stable and consistent accuracy over many repeats and different data splits. The total execution time for detection and identification is about 10 s.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Using information extracted from transient response of the sensors, the system proved to be able to accurately classify the gas types only in three out of the eight MQ-X gas sensors. The training and validation results of the SVM-RBF classifier show a good bias-variance trade-off. This proves that the two transient features are sufficiently efficient for this classification purpose. Moreover, all data processing tasks are performed by the Raspberry Pi, which shows real-time data processing with miniaturized architecture and ","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49377701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varun Kumar K.A., P. R, Kathik P.C., Madhan E.S., S. A
Purpose Data traffic through wireless communication is significantly increasing, resulting in the frequency of streaming applications as various formats and the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT), such as virtual reality, edge device based transportation and surveillance systems. Growth in kind of applications resulted in increasing the scope of wireless communication and allocating a spectrum, as well as methods to decrease the intervention between nearby-located wireless links functioning on the same spectrum bands and hence to proliferation for the spectral efficiency. Recent advancement in drone technology has evolved quickly leading on board sensors with increased energy, storage, communication and processing capabilities. In future, the drone sensor networks will be more common and energy utilization will play a crucial role to maintain a fully functional network for the longest period of time. Envisioning the aerial drone network, this study proposes a robust high level design of algorithms for the drones (group coordination). The proposed design is validated with two algorithms using multiple drones consisting of various on-board sensors. In addition, this paper also discusses the challenges involved in designing solutions. The result obtained through proposed method outperforms the traditional techniques with the transfer rate of more than 3 MB for data transfer in the drone with coordination Design/methodology/approach Fair Scheduling Algorithm (FSA) using a queue is a distributed slot assignment algorithm. The FSA executes in rounds. The duration of each round is dynamic based upon the delay in the network. FSA prevents the collision by ensuring that none of the neighboring node gets the same slot. Nodes (Arivudainambi et al., 2019) which are separated by two or more hopes can get assigned in the same slot, thereby preventing the collision. To achieve fairness at the scheduling level, the FSA maintains four different states for each node as IDLE, REQUEST, GRANT and RELEASE. Findings A multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system can operate in both centralized and decentralized manner. In a centralized system, the ground control system will take care of drone data collection, decisions on navigation, task updation, etc. In a decentralized system, the UAVs are unambiguously collaborating on various levels as mentioned in the centralized system to achieve the goal which is represented in Figure 2. Research limitations/implications However, the multi-UAVs are context aware in situations such as environmental observation, UAV–UAV communication and decision-making. Independent of whether operation is centralized or decentralized, this study relates the goals of the multi-UAVs are sensing, communication and coordination among other UAVs, etc. Figure 3 shows overall system architecture. Practical implications The individual events attempts in the UAV’s execution are required to complete the mission in superlative manner which af
目的通过无线通信的数据流量显著增加，导致流媒体应用程序以各种格式出现的频率和物联网（IoT）的发展，如虚拟现实、基于边缘设备的运输和监控系统。应用种类的增长导致了无线通信和频谱分配的范围的增加，以及减少在相同频带上工作的附近无线链路之间的干预的方法，从而导致频谱效率的提高。无人机技术的最新进展迅速发展，车载传感器具有更高的能量、存储、通信和处理能力。未来，无人机传感器网络将更加普遍，能源利用将在最长时间内维持一个功能齐全的网络方面发挥关键作用。考虑到空中无人机网络，本研究提出了一种稳健的无人机高级别算法设计（群组协调）。使用由各种机载传感器组成的多架无人机，用两种算法验证了所提出的设计。此外，本文还讨论了设计解决方案所涉及的挑战。通过所提出的方法获得的结果优于传统技术，在协调的无人机中数据传输的传输速率超过3MB。设计/方法/方法使用队列的公平调度算法（FSA）是一种分布式时隙分配算法。FSA分轮执行。每一轮的持续时间基于网络中的延迟是动态的。FSA通过确保没有任何相邻节点获得相同的插槽来防止冲突。被两个或多个希望分开的节点（Arivudainanbi et al.，2019）可以被分配到同一个插槽中，从而防止碰撞。为了实现调度级别的公平性，FSA为每个节点保持四种不同的状态，即IDLE、REQUEST、GRANT和RELEASE。因此，多无人飞行器（UAV）系统可以以集中和分散的方式运行。在集中式系统中，地面控制系统将负责无人机数据收集、导航决策、任务更新等。在分散式系统中，无人机在集中式系统所述的各个层面上明确协作，以实现图2所示的目标。研究局限性/含义然而，多无人机在环境观测、无人机通信和决策等情况下具有上下文感知能力。独立于操作是集中还是分散，本研究将多无人机的目标联系起来，即其他无人机之间的传感、通信和协调等。图3显示了整体系统架构。实际含义无人机执行中的单个事件尝试需要以最高级的方式完成任务，这影响到每个多无人机系统。这种多无人机系统需要对无人机必须以何种方式飞行以及需要完成什么来应对信息不确定的环境变化中的关键情况采取坚定的态度。这种协调算法具有一定的维度，包括他们需要决定的事件、他们用来制定决议的信息、决定制定算法、权力下放的程度。在多无人机系统中，协调事件的范围从较低的运动水平。原创性/价值本研究提出了一种新的多无人机系统自组织协调算法。此外，实验结果也证实了该方法的鲁棒性，可以很容易地形成网络。该模拟试验台用于传感、通信、评估和联网。算法协调必须在多无人机系统中进行测试。这两种调度技术已被用于使用done网络传输分组。具有公平调度队列的自组织算法（SOA）在传输速率方面优于加权队列调度，具有较小的损失和时滞。从图10中获得的结果清楚地表明，在不同参数下，SOA的公平队列调度比加权公平队列有几个优势。
{"title":"Self-co-ordination algorithm (SCA) for multi-UAV systems using fair scheduling queue","authors":"Varun Kumar K.A., P. R, Kathik P.C., Madhan E.S., S. A","doi":"10.1108/sr-01-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Data traffic through wireless communication is significantly increasing, resulting in the frequency of streaming applications as various formats and the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT), such as virtual reality, edge device based transportation and surveillance systems. Growth in kind of applications resulted in increasing the scope of wireless communication and allocating a spectrum, as well as methods to decrease the intervention between nearby-located wireless links functioning on the same spectrum bands and hence to proliferation for the spectral efficiency. Recent advancement in drone technology has evolved quickly leading on board sensors with increased energy, storage, communication and processing capabilities. In future, the drone sensor networks will be more common and energy utilization will play a crucial role to maintain a fully functional network for the longest period of time. Envisioning the aerial drone network, this study proposes a robust high level design of algorithms for the drones (group coordination). The proposed design is validated with two algorithms using multiple drones consisting of various on-board sensors. In addition, this paper also discusses the challenges involved in designing solutions. The result obtained through proposed method outperforms the traditional techniques with the transfer rate of more than 3 MB for data transfer in the drone with coordination\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Fair Scheduling Algorithm (FSA) using a queue is a distributed slot assignment algorithm. The FSA executes in rounds. The duration of each round is dynamic based upon the delay in the network. FSA prevents the collision by ensuring that none of the neighboring node gets the same slot. Nodes (Arivudainambi et al., 2019) which are separated by two or more hopes can get assigned in the same slot, thereby preventing the collision. To achieve fairness at the scheduling level, the FSA maintains four different states for each node as IDLE, REQUEST, GRANT and RELEASE.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000A multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system can operate in both centralized and decentralized manner. In a centralized system, the ground control system will take care of drone data collection, decisions on navigation, task updation, etc. In a decentralized system, the UAVs are unambiguously collaborating on various levels as mentioned in the centralized system to achieve the goal which is represented in Figure 2.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000However, the multi-UAVs are context aware in situations such as environmental observation, UAV–UAV communication and decision-making. Independent of whether operation is centralized or decentralized, this study relates the goals of the multi-UAVs are sensing, communication and coordination among other UAVs, etc. Figure 3 shows overall system architecture.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The individual events attempts in the UAV’s execution are required to complete the mission in superlative manner which af","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49499850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing point cloud target detection algorithms based on deep learning, and provide reference for researchers in related fields. In recent years, with its outstanding performance in target detection of 2D images, deep learning technology has been applied in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data to improve the automation and intelligence level of target detection. However, there are still some difficulties and room for improvement in target detection from the 3D point cloud. In this paper, the vehicle LiDAR target detection method is chosen as the research subject. Design/methodology/approach Firstly, the challenges of applying deep learning to point cloud target detection are described; secondly, solutions in relevant research are combed in response to the above challenges. The currently popular target detection methods are classified, among which some are compared with illustrate advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, approaches to improve the accuracy of network target detection are introduced. Findings Finally, this paper also summarizes the shortcomings of existing methods and signals the prospective development trend. Originality/value This paper introduces some existing point cloud target detection methods based on deep learning, which can be applied to a driverless, digital map, traffic monitoring and other fields, and provides a reference for researchers in related fields.
{"title":"Overview of LiDAR point cloud target detection methods based on deep learning","authors":"Siyuan Huang, Limin Liu, Xiongjun Fu, Jian Dong, Fuyu Huang, Ping Lang","doi":"10.1108/sr-01-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing point cloud target detection algorithms based on deep learning, and provide reference for researchers in related fields. In recent years, with its outstanding performance in target detection of 2D images, deep learning technology has been applied in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data to improve the automation and intelligence level of target detection. However, there are still some difficulties and room for improvement in target detection from the 3D point cloud. In this paper, the vehicle LiDAR target detection method is chosen as the research subject.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Firstly, the challenges of applying deep learning to point cloud target detection are described; secondly, solutions in relevant research are combed in response to the above challenges. The currently popular target detection methods are classified, among which some are compared with illustrate advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, approaches to improve the accuracy of network target detection are introduced.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Finally, this paper also summarizes the shortcomings of existing methods and signals the prospective development trend.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper introduces some existing point cloud target detection methods based on deep learning, which can be applied to a driverless, digital map, traffic monitoring and other fields, and provides a reference for researchers in related fields.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44180134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose With the acceleration of global energy structure transformation, hydrogen has been widely used for its non-pollution and high efficiency, and hydrogen detection is used to guarantee the hydrogen safety. The purpose of this paper is to study the research foundation, trend and hotspots of hydrogen detection field. Design/methodology/approach A total of 4,076 literature records from 2000 to 2021 were retrieved from the core collection of the Web of Science database selected as data sources. The literature information mining was realized by using CiteSpace software. Bibliometrics was used to analyze information, such as keywords, authors, journals, institutions, countries and cited references, and to track research hotspots. Findings Since the 21st century, the number of publications in the hydrogen detection field has been in a stable stepped uptrend. In terms of research foundation, the hotspots such as core-shell structures, nano-hybrid materials and optical fiber hydrogen sensors have been studied extensively. In combination with the discipline structure and research frontier, the selectivity, sensitivity, response speed and other performance parameters of hydrogen sensors need further improvement. The establishment of an interdisciplinary knowledge system centered on materials science and electronic science will become a long-term trend in the research of hydrogen detection. Originality/value This study presents an overview of research status, hotspots and laws in hydrogen detection field, through the quantitative analysis of much literature in the field and the use of data mining, so as to provide credible references for the research of hydrogen detection technology.
摘要随着全球能源结构转型的加快，氢以其无污染、高效的特点得到了广泛的应用，氢检测是保障氢安全的重要手段。本文的目的是研究氢探测领域的研究基础、趋势和热点。设计/方法/方法从Web of Science数据库核心馆藏中检索2000 - 2021年共4076篇文献记录作为数据源。利用CiteSpace软件实现文献信息挖掘。文献计量学用于分析关键词、作者、期刊、机构、国家和被引文献等信息，并跟踪研究热点。自21世纪以来，氢探测领域的论文发表数量一直处于稳步上升的趋势。在研究基础上，核壳结构、纳米杂化材料、光纤氢传感器等热点得到了广泛的研究。结合学科结构和研究前沿，氢传感器的选择性、灵敏度、响应速度等性能参数有待进一步提高。建立以材料科学和电子科学为核心的跨学科知识体系将成为氢探测研究的长期趋势。独创性/价值本研究通过对该领域大量文献的定量分析和数据挖掘的运用，概述了氢探测领域的研究现状、热点和规律，为氢探测技术的研究提供可信的参考。
{"title":"Hotspot and frontier discovery of hydrogen detection technology based on bibliometrics","authors":"Jiale Yang, Xianfeng Chen, Chuyuan Huang, T. Ma","doi":"10.1108/sr-03-2022-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2022-0127","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000With the acceleration of global energy structure transformation, hydrogen has been widely used for its non-pollution and high efficiency, and hydrogen detection is used to guarantee the hydrogen safety. The purpose of this paper is to study the research foundation, trend and hotspots of hydrogen detection field.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A total of 4,076 literature records from 2000 to 2021 were retrieved from the core collection of the Web of Science database selected as data sources. The literature information mining was realized by using CiteSpace software. Bibliometrics was used to analyze information, such as keywords, authors, journals, institutions, countries and cited references, and to track research hotspots.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Since the 21st century, the number of publications in the hydrogen detection field has been in a stable stepped uptrend. In terms of research foundation, the hotspots such as core-shell structures, nano-hybrid materials and optical fiber hydrogen sensors have been studied extensively. In combination with the discipline structure and research frontier, the selectivity, sensitivity, response speed and other performance parameters of hydrogen sensors need further improvement. The establishment of an interdisciplinary knowledge system centered on materials science and electronic science will become a long-term trend in the research of hydrogen detection.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study presents an overview of research status, hotspots and laws in hydrogen detection field, through the quantitative analysis of much literature in the field and the use of data mining, so as to provide credible references for the research of hydrogen detection technology.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44080669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to deal with an identification of a novel ink-jet printing sensor fabrication technology for fabricating flexible carbon heaters of macro and micro sizes, carbon interdigitated (IDT) electrodes and silver IDT electrodes. The technology involved in the proposed ink-jet printing method and materials used for the formulation of homemade nano-conductive inks (digital inks) are discussed in detail. The ink-jet printed flexible carbon heaters of different sizes (macro and micro) and carbon IDT electrodes and flexible silver IDT electrodes can be used as the flexible sensing layers in electrochemical gas sensors for sensitive and selective gas sensing applications. The characterization of ink-jet printed carbon heaters on Kapton substrate and its results are discussed. Similarly, the results of formulation of silver nano-conductive ink and printing of silver IDT electrodes on Kapton and its characterization are reported here for the first time. Design/methodology/approach Flexible carbon heaters of different sizes (macro and micro), carbon micro-IDT electrodes and silver IDT electrodes patterns were developed using AutoCAD 2D and printed on the Kapton (polyimide sheet) flexible substrate using the home-made nano-conductive inks with the help of EpsonT60 commercial piezo-head-based drop-on demand technology printer with standard printing options. Findings The proposed novel method is able to print heater patterns and IDT electrode patterns of approximately 12 µm and approximately 1 µm thickness, respectively, on flexible substrate using the home-made nano-conductive inks of carbon and silver by using a commercial low-cost printer. The home-made nano-conductive inks can be re-used for multiple prints up to six months shelf life. The resistance of the carbon heater was measured as 88 O under normal atmospheric condition. The novel flexible carbon heater was tested for its functionality and found to be satisfactory. The resistance of the silver IDT flexible electrodes was measured as 9.5 O which is better than the earlier works carried out in this paper. Research limitations/implications The main challenge is associated with cleaning of printing ink ejection system in the existing commercial printers. The customization of the existing printer in the near future can minimize the printing challenges. Practical implications The novel ink-jet printing technology proposed in this work is cost-effective, capable of achieving bulk production of flexible sensor elements, and consumes the least device fabrication time and high material yielding. The printing can be done with commercial piezo-head-based ink-jet printers with custom-prepared nano-conductive inks. There is a huge market potential for this paper. Originality/value Both the carbon heaters and silver IDT electrodes were printed on Kapton flexible substrate by using the commercial printer for the first time. The paper is promising the revolution in flexible l
{"title":"Fabrication of flexible carbon heaters and silver interdigitated electrodes using ink-jet printing technology for electro-chemical gas sensor applications","authors":"J. Kathirvelan","doi":"10.1108/sr-01-2022-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2022-0046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to deal with an identification of a novel ink-jet printing sensor fabrication technology for fabricating flexible carbon heaters of macro and micro sizes, carbon interdigitated (IDT) electrodes and silver IDT electrodes. The technology involved in the proposed ink-jet printing method and materials used for the formulation of homemade nano-conductive inks (digital inks) are discussed in detail. The ink-jet printed flexible carbon heaters of different sizes (macro and micro) and carbon IDT electrodes and flexible silver IDT electrodes can be used as the flexible sensing layers in electrochemical gas sensors for sensitive and selective gas sensing applications. The characterization of ink-jet printed carbon heaters on Kapton substrate and its results are discussed. Similarly, the results of formulation of silver nano-conductive ink and printing of silver IDT electrodes on Kapton and its characterization are reported here for the first time.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Flexible carbon heaters of different sizes (macro and micro), carbon micro-IDT electrodes and silver IDT electrodes patterns were developed using AutoCAD 2D and printed on the Kapton (polyimide sheet) flexible substrate using the home-made nano-conductive inks with the help of EpsonT60 commercial piezo-head-based drop-on demand technology printer with standard printing options.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The proposed novel method is able to print heater patterns and IDT electrode patterns of approximately 12 µm and approximately 1 µm thickness, respectively, on flexible substrate using the home-made nano-conductive inks of carbon and silver by using a commercial low-cost printer. The home-made nano-conductive inks can be re-used for multiple prints up to six months shelf life. The resistance of the carbon heater was measured as 88 O under normal atmospheric condition. The novel flexible carbon heater was tested for its functionality and found to be satisfactory. The resistance of the silver IDT flexible electrodes was measured as 9.5 O which is better than the earlier works carried out in this paper.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The main challenge is associated with cleaning of printing ink ejection system in the existing commercial printers. The customization of the existing printer in the near future can minimize the printing challenges.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The novel ink-jet printing technology proposed in this work is cost-effective, capable of achieving bulk production of flexible sensor elements, and consumes the least device fabrication time and high material yielding. The printing can be done with commercial piezo-head-based ink-jet printers with custom-prepared nano-conductive inks. There is a huge market potential for this paper.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Both the carbon heaters and silver IDT electrodes were printed on Kapton flexible substrate by using the commercial printer for the first time. The paper is promising the revolution in flexible l","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47464593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Zhao, Yawei Zhou, Jun Qu, Fei Yin, S. Yin, Yongwei Chang, Wu Zhang
Purpose Since carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered by Iijima in 1991, they have gained more and more attention by people because of their unique physical and chemical properties. The CNTs have one-dimensional nanostructure, high surface adsorption capacity, good conductivity and electronic ballistic transmission characteristics and therefore have excellent mechanical, electrical, physical and chemical properties. CNTs are ideal basic materials to make nanometer gas sensors. Nanometallic materials function as to enhance electrode activity and promote the electron transfer, so if composite nanometallic materials M (such as Au, Pt, Cu and Pd) and CNTs are used, all kinds of their characters of components would have coeffect. Electrochemical sensors by use of such composite as electrode would have a higher detection sensitivity. Design/methodology/approach CNTs were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition technique and were purified afterward. CNTs-M(Pt,Au) suspension was prepared by chemical deposition using spinning disc processor (SDP) and was coated on gold electrode. The modified electrodes were constructed, based on immobilization of glucose oxidase on an Au electrode by electrostatic effect. CNTs-Pt/ glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) electrodes were made by electrochemically deposition of platinum particles on GCE modified by CNTs. The microstructures of the harvested CNTs, CNTs-M (M = Au, Pt) were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The application of the sensor in medical detection has been evaluated. Findings The results shown that CNTs-Au biosensors exhibit good reproducibility, stability and fast response to glucose detection, it can be used in the clinic detection of glucose concentration in human serum. Using CNTs-Pt/GCE for formaldehyde detection exhibited high sensitivity and good reproducibility. Originality/value This study modified CNTs by using self-assembled techniques through SDP with nano Pt and Au by electrodeposition for the first time. CNTs-Pt/GCE electrode was prepared by depositing platinum particles electrochemically on GCE modified by CNTs. CNTs-Au-modified electrode was prepared by immobilization of glucose oxidase on an Au electrode first by electrostatic effect. Electrochemical behaviors of glucose at CNTs-Au and formaldehyde at CNTs-Pt/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry.
{"title":"Preparation and performance of CNTs-Pt formaldehyde sensor and CNTs-Au glucose sensor","authors":"B. Zhao, Yawei Zhou, Jun Qu, Fei Yin, S. Yin, Yongwei Chang, Wu Zhang","doi":"10.1108/sr-11-2021-0447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-11-2021-0447","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Since carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered by Iijima in 1991, they have gained more and more attention by people because of their unique physical and chemical properties. The CNTs have one-dimensional nanostructure, high surface adsorption capacity, good conductivity and electronic ballistic transmission characteristics and therefore have excellent mechanical, electrical, physical and chemical properties. CNTs are ideal basic materials to make nanometer gas sensors. Nanometallic materials function as to enhance electrode activity and promote the electron transfer, so if composite nanometallic materials M (such as Au, Pt, Cu and Pd) and CNTs are used, all kinds of their characters of components would have coeffect. Electrochemical sensors by use of such composite as electrode would have a higher detection sensitivity.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000CNTs were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition technique and were purified afterward. CNTs-M(Pt,Au) suspension was prepared by chemical deposition using spinning disc processor (SDP) and was coated on gold electrode. The modified electrodes were constructed, based on immobilization of glucose oxidase on an Au electrode by electrostatic effect. CNTs-Pt/ glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) electrodes were made by electrochemically deposition of platinum particles on GCE modified by CNTs. The microstructures of the harvested CNTs, CNTs-M (M = Au, Pt) were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The application of the sensor in medical detection has been evaluated.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results shown that CNTs-Au biosensors exhibit good reproducibility, stability and fast response to glucose detection, it can be used in the clinic detection of glucose concentration in human serum. Using CNTs-Pt/GCE for formaldehyde detection exhibited high sensitivity and good reproducibility.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study modified CNTs by using self-assembled techniques through SDP with nano Pt and Au by electrodeposition for the first time. CNTs-Pt/GCE electrode was prepared by depositing platinum particles electrochemically on GCE modified by CNTs. CNTs-Au-modified electrode was prepared by immobilization of glucose oxidase on an Au electrode first by electrostatic effect. Electrochemical behaviors of glucose at CNTs-Au and formaldehyde at CNTs-Pt/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45650341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose This paper aims to solve the typical thermal airflow sensor's high power consumption and integration difficulties, based on the FS5 thermal element and constant temperature measurement method, a flow sensor is developed with high measurement accuracy, low power consumption, small size, low cost and easy system integration. Design/methodology/approach A small wind tunnel was used to test and assess the sensor's measurement range, reaction time, stability, repeatability, measurement accuracy and multi-temperature calibration was performed in the temperature range of −10°C to 30°C. The effect of ambient temperature on the sensor's measurement data is investigated, and the coefficient correction method of power function was investigated to implement the sensor's software temperature compensation function. Findings The results show that the sensor is stable and repeatable, the output voltage has a power function relationship with the airflow rate, the flow rate measurement range is 0–18 m/s, the response time is less than 3 s, the measurement accuracy at high flow rates is within 0.4 m/s and the temperature-corrected airflow rate measurement error is less than 5%. Setting the temperature calibration interval to 2°C and 5°C has the same temperature compensation effect, reducing the sensor's calibration effort significantly. Originality/value This paper demonstrates that a thermostatic method is used to construct a thermal wind speed sensor that delivers accurate measurements in the wind speed measuring range of 0–18 m/s under test conditions. In addition, the sensor's performance is evaluated, and calibration tests for a wide range of temperatures are done. Finally, based on the power function correction method, a temperature compensation algorithm is proposed.
{"title":"Thermal airflow sensor design and temperature compensation research based on the thermostatic method","authors":"Xin Tong, Baoer Hao, Zhimin Chen, Haiyang Liu","doi":"10.1108/sr-02-2022-0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-02-2022-0097","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to solve the typical thermal airflow sensor's high power consumption and integration difficulties, based on the FS5 thermal element and constant temperature measurement method, a flow sensor is developed with high measurement accuracy, low power consumption, small size, low cost and easy system integration.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A small wind tunnel was used to test and assess the sensor's measurement range, reaction time, stability, repeatability, measurement accuracy and multi-temperature calibration was performed in the temperature range of −10°C to 30°C. The effect of ambient temperature on the sensor's measurement data is investigated, and the coefficient correction method of power function was investigated to implement the sensor's software temperature compensation function.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results show that the sensor is stable and repeatable, the output voltage has a power function relationship with the airflow rate, the flow rate measurement range is 0–18 m/s, the response time is less than 3 s, the measurement accuracy at high flow rates is within 0.4 m/s and the temperature-corrected airflow rate measurement error is less than 5%. Setting the temperature calibration interval to 2°C and 5°C has the same temperature compensation effect, reducing the sensor's calibration effort significantly.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper demonstrates that a thermostatic method is used to construct a thermal wind speed sensor that delivers accurate measurements in the wind speed measuring range of 0–18 m/s under test conditions. In addition, the sensor's performance is evaluated, and calibration tests for a wide range of temperatures are done. Finally, based on the power function correction method, a temperature compensation algorithm is proposed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48650482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. J. Stephen, Surabhi Suchanti, Devendra Jain, Harshdeep Dhaliwal, Vikram Sharma, Ramandeep Kaur, Rajeev Mishra, Abhijeet Singh
Purpose Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a set of infectious diseases that primarily affect low-income countries situated near the equator. Effective diagnostic tools hold the key to stemming the spread of these infectious diseases. However, specificity is a major concern associated with current diagnostic protocols. In this regard, electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosensors could play a crucial role, as highlighted by renewed interest in their research. The purpose of this study was to highlight the current scenario for the design and development of biosensors for the detection of NTDs related pathogens. This review highlights the different types of factors involved and the modifications used to enhance sensor properties. Design/methodology/approach The authors discuss the potential of electrochemical DNA biosensors as efficient, affordable diagnostic tools for the detection of pathogens associated with NTDs by reviewing available literature. This study discusses the biosensor components, mainly the probe selection and type of electrodes used, and their potential to improve the overall design of the biosensor. Further, this study analyses the different nanomaterials used in NTD-based electrochemical DNA biosensors and discusses how their incorporation could improve the overall sensitivity and specificity of the biosensor design. Finally, this study examines the impact such techniques could have in the future on mass screening of NTDs. Findings The findings provide an in-depth analysis of electrochemical DNA biosensors for the detection of pathogens associated with NTDs. Originality/value This review provides an update on the different types and modifications of DNA biosensors that have been designed for the diagnosis of NTD-related pathogens.
{"title":"DNA biosensor based detection for neglected tropical disease: moving towards smart diagnosis","authors":"B. J. Stephen, Surabhi Suchanti, Devendra Jain, Harshdeep Dhaliwal, Vikram Sharma, Ramandeep Kaur, Rajeev Mishra, Abhijeet Singh","doi":"10.1108/sr-11-2021-0429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-11-2021-0429","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a set of infectious diseases that primarily affect low-income countries situated near the equator. Effective diagnostic tools hold the key to stemming the spread of these infectious diseases. However, specificity is a major concern associated with current diagnostic protocols. In this regard, electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosensors could play a crucial role, as highlighted by renewed interest in their research. The purpose of this study was to highlight the current scenario for the design and development of biosensors for the detection of NTDs related pathogens. This review highlights the different types of factors involved and the modifications used to enhance sensor properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors discuss the potential of electrochemical DNA biosensors as efficient, affordable diagnostic tools for the detection of pathogens associated with NTDs by reviewing available literature. This study discusses the biosensor components, mainly the probe selection and type of electrodes used, and their potential to improve the overall design of the biosensor. Further, this study analyses the different nanomaterials used in NTD-based electrochemical DNA biosensors and discusses how their incorporation could improve the overall sensitivity and specificity of the biosensor design. Finally, this study examines the impact such techniques could have in the future on mass screening of NTDs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings provide an in-depth analysis of electrochemical DNA biosensors for the detection of pathogens associated with NTDs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This review provides an update on the different types and modifications of DNA biosensors that have been designed for the diagnosis of NTD-related pathogens.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41964099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose The size of the aircraft tooling structure is huge, and the ambient temperature is difficult to maintain a constant state. Aiming at the influence of current temperature, this paper aims to propose a compensation method for registration error of large-scale measurement fields based on multi-temperature sensors. Design/methodology/approach In this method, an enhanced reference points (ERS)–temperature regression model is constructed from ERS and temperature data. The ERS offsets compensation model is established by solving the offset through the regression model, and the ERS offset compensation analysis is carried out. Findings The experimental results show that the proposed registration error compensation algorithm has obvious advantages over traditional methods in reducing the influence of ambient temperature and improving the measurement accuracy by reducing the registration error. Originality/value This method reduces registration error caused by the influence of ambient temperature and is used for aircraft measurements in different temperature environments.
{"title":"Research on compensation method for registration error of large-scale measurement field based on multi-temperature sensors","authors":"Lulu Huang, Xiang Huang, Shuanggao Li","doi":"10.1108/sr-01-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The size of the aircraft tooling structure is huge, and the ambient temperature is difficult to maintain a constant state. Aiming at the influence of current temperature, this paper aims to propose a compensation method for registration error of large-scale measurement fields based on multi-temperature sensors.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In this method, an enhanced reference points (ERS)–temperature regression model is constructed from ERS and temperature data. The ERS offsets compensation model is established by solving the offset through the regression model, and the ERS offset compensation analysis is carried out.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The experimental results show that the proposed registration error compensation algorithm has obvious advantages over traditional methods in reducing the influence of ambient temperature and improving the measurement accuracy by reducing the registration error.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This method reduces registration error caused by the influence of ambient temperature and is used for aircraft measurements in different temperature environments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41691763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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