Purpose This measuring system is designed to effectively simulate the mechanical reliability of the operated bone fixators. It can be used to pre-evaluate the mechanical performance of the operated fixator on the patients, including the static mechanical properties and fatigue properties when the patient walks after the operation. Design/methodology/approach It is mainly composed of a one-dimensional platform, a force sensor, a high measuring precision displacement sensor and a servo motor. Loading (which is used to simulate the loading status of the fixators after the operation) of the system is realized by the rotation of the servo motor. It can be read by a high precision force sensor. The relative displacement of the broken bone is obtained by a high precision laser displacement sensor. Corresponding theoretical analysis is also carried out. Findings Calibrated results of the system indicate that the output voltage and the measured force of the force sensors possess an excellent linear relationship, and the calculated nonlinear error is just 0.0002%. The maximum relative displacement between the operated broken bone under 700 N axial force is about 1 mm. Fatigue test under 550 N loading for 85,000 cycles also indicates the feasibility of the design. Originality/value This device is successfully designed and fabricated to pre-evaluate the mechanical performance of the bone fixators. High precision force sensor and displacement sensor are used to successfully increase the measuring ability of the system. This will offer some help to pertinent researchers.
{"title":"Design and implementation of a measuring system used to evaluate the mechanical performance of the bone fixators","authors":"Zhanshe Guo, Xiangdang Liang, Sen Wang","doi":"10.1108/sr-08-2021-0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-08-2021-0233","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This measuring system is designed to effectively simulate the mechanical reliability of the operated bone fixators. It can be used to pre-evaluate the mechanical performance of the operated fixator on the patients, including the static mechanical properties and fatigue properties when the patient walks after the operation. Design/methodology/approach It is mainly composed of a one-dimensional platform, a force sensor, a high measuring precision displacement sensor and a servo motor. Loading (which is used to simulate the loading status of the fixators after the operation) of the system is realized by the rotation of the servo motor. It can be read by a high precision force sensor. The relative displacement of the broken bone is obtained by a high precision laser displacement sensor. Corresponding theoretical analysis is also carried out. Findings Calibrated results of the system indicate that the output voltage and the measured force of the force sensors possess an excellent linear relationship, and the calculated nonlinear error is just 0.0002%. The maximum relative displacement between the operated broken bone under 700 N axial force is about 1 mm. Fatigue test under 550 N loading for 85,000 cycles also indicates the feasibility of the design. Originality/value This device is successfully designed and fabricated to pre-evaluate the mechanical performance of the bone fixators. High precision force sensor and displacement sensor are used to successfully increase the measuring ability of the system. This will offer some help to pertinent researchers.","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":"11 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135365222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reetu Yadav, Mamta Kushwah, Anna Nikolaevna Berlina, Mulayam Singh Gaur
Purpose The purpose of this study is determination of cadmium using silver-gold bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-Au BMNPs) and an aptamer modified glassy carbon electrode. Design/methodology/approach The maximum response of modified electrode was obtained with, 50 mV pulse amplitude, 20 mV/s scan rate in phosphate buffer of pH 4.0. Ag-Au BMNPs, as the mediators improved electron transmit during the entire electron transfer process and the aptasensor response. Herein, the authors used aptamer as the capture probe to prepare an aptasensor with enhanced stability. Findings The proposed aptasensor exhibited a wide linearity to cadmium in the range of 0.001–0.100 µg/L with a low detection limit of 0.005×10 −3 µg/L. The glassy carbon electrodes with Ag-Au BMNPs showed a lower detection limit. Originality/value This aptasensor has good reproducibility, stability and repeatability and is cost-effective to regenerate. The specificity and selectivity of the novel modified electrode is tested in the presence of other interfering metal ions such as Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Sb 3+ and Bi 3+ . The aptasensor shows 10 times more sensitivity and selectivity for Cd 2+ ions.
{"title":"Ultra sensitive determination of Cadmium (II) using Ag-Au BMNPs–aptamer–modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE)","authors":"Reetu Yadav, Mamta Kushwah, Anna Nikolaevna Berlina, Mulayam Singh Gaur","doi":"10.1108/sr-07-2022-0267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-07-2022-0267","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of this study is determination of cadmium using silver-gold bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-Au BMNPs) and an aptamer modified glassy carbon electrode. Design/methodology/approach The maximum response of modified electrode was obtained with, 50 mV pulse amplitude, 20 mV/s scan rate in phosphate buffer of pH 4.0. Ag-Au BMNPs, as the mediators improved electron transmit during the entire electron transfer process and the aptasensor response. Herein, the authors used aptamer as the capture probe to prepare an aptasensor with enhanced stability. Findings The proposed aptasensor exhibited a wide linearity to cadmium in the range of 0.001–0.100 µg/L with a low detection limit of 0.005×10 −3 µg/L. The glassy carbon electrodes with Ag-Au BMNPs showed a lower detection limit. Originality/value This aptasensor has good reproducibility, stability and repeatability and is cost-effective to regenerate. The specificity and selectivity of the novel modified electrode is tested in the presence of other interfering metal ions such as Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Sb 3+ and Bi 3+ . The aptasensor shows 10 times more sensitivity and selectivity for Cd 2+ ions.","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usama Afzal, Kanza Maryam, Fatima Afzal, Muhammad Aslam
Purpose The purpose of this study is to fabricate a highly sensitive humidity sensor for observing the humidity effect on a robot’s body as an application of the Internet of Things. The sensor has been fabricated by depositing a thin sensing layer of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) between two silver electrodes. Design/methodology/approach The structure of the thin film was observed by X-ray diffraction, optical properties by UV Vis and surface morphology by scanning electron microscope. The capacitance and the resistance with respect to change in relative humidity from 0 to 100%RH have been measured by LCR meter at 1 kHz. Findings The sensor’s response time is 7.5 s and its recovery time is 3.7 s, with high sensitivity of 127,259 pF/%RH and 332.287 MΩ/%RH. The authors have also used a proposed sensor on a steel body and observed humidity values. The analysis of all measured values was performed through the classical and neutrosophic approaches. By comparing, the authors have observed that the neutrosophic approach is more efficient in analyzing the sensor data. Originality/value In this work, the authors will fabricate a capacitive and resistive-type humidity sensor using the thin film of NiPc. The structural, optical and morphological properties of NiPc thin film will be investigated with different characterization techniques. The electric properties, i.e. capacitance and resistance, will be measured at intervals with an LCR meter by changing relative humidity (%RH). Moreover, the measured data will be analyzed through different statistical approaches, as already used in [12].
{"title":"Use of highly sensitive nickel phthalocyanine based humidity sensor to explore the imprecise data analysis for robot body","authors":"Usama Afzal, Kanza Maryam, Fatima Afzal, Muhammad Aslam","doi":"10.1108/sr-12-2022-0442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-12-2022-0442","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of this study is to fabricate a highly sensitive humidity sensor for observing the humidity effect on a robot’s body as an application of the Internet of Things. The sensor has been fabricated by depositing a thin sensing layer of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) between two silver electrodes. Design/methodology/approach The structure of the thin film was observed by X-ray diffraction, optical properties by UV Vis and surface morphology by scanning electron microscope. The capacitance and the resistance with respect to change in relative humidity from 0 to 100%RH have been measured by LCR meter at 1 kHz. Findings The sensor’s response time is 7.5 s and its recovery time is 3.7 s, with high sensitivity of 127,259 pF/%RH and 332.287 MΩ/%RH. The authors have also used a proposed sensor on a steel body and observed humidity values. The analysis of all measured values was performed through the classical and neutrosophic approaches. By comparing, the authors have observed that the neutrosophic approach is more efficient in analyzing the sensor data. Originality/value In this work, the authors will fabricate a capacitive and resistive-type humidity sensor using the thin film of NiPc. The structural, optical and morphological properties of NiPc thin film will be investigated with different characterization techniques. The electric properties, i.e. capacitance and resistance, will be measured at intervals with an LCR meter by changing relative humidity (%RH). Moreover, the measured data will be analyzed through different statistical approaches, as already used in [12].","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135790704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose To solve the problem of low sensitivity of traditional capacitive proximity sensor, this paper aims to propose a novel capacitive sensor for detection of an approaching conductor. Design/methodology/approach Five capacitive proximity sensors with different structures are designed and the performance is compared with the traditional capacitive sensor. The impacts of geometrical parameters on the performance of the proposed capacitive sensor are studied. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the proposed capacitive sensor to an approaching conductor with different sizes is discussed. Also, how the designed capacitive sensor is sensitive to the lateral placement of the approaching object is analyzed. Findings Several capacitive proximity sensor structures have been designed and analyzed. It is found that the capacitive sensor with the top small ring-bottom large ring structure shows stronger electric field distribution around the top electrode and higher sensitivity to the approaching conductor than other sensors. Through further analysis of the proposed sensor, the results demonstrate that proposed capacitive sensor is effective for proximity object detection. Originality/value This paper proposes a novel capacitive proximity sensor with top small ring-bottom large ring structure. Compared with the traditional capacitive sensor, the proposed capacitive sensor is more sensitive to the approaching object. This would be helpful for the accurate detection of the approaching object. Also, the top and bottom electrodes are much smaller.
{"title":"A parallel ring-ring capacitive proximity sensor for detection of approaching conductor","authors":"Yanyan Shi, Fenglan Huang, Meng Wang, Yongheng Li","doi":"10.1108/sr-03-2023-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2023-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To solve the problem of low sensitivity of traditional capacitive proximity sensor, this paper aims to propose a novel capacitive sensor for detection of an approaching conductor. Design/methodology/approach Five capacitive proximity sensors with different structures are designed and the performance is compared with the traditional capacitive sensor. The impacts of geometrical parameters on the performance of the proposed capacitive sensor are studied. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the proposed capacitive sensor to an approaching conductor with different sizes is discussed. Also, how the designed capacitive sensor is sensitive to the lateral placement of the approaching object is analyzed. Findings Several capacitive proximity sensor structures have been designed and analyzed. It is found that the capacitive sensor with the top small ring-bottom large ring structure shows stronger electric field distribution around the top electrode and higher sensitivity to the approaching conductor than other sensors. Through further analysis of the proposed sensor, the results demonstrate that proposed capacitive sensor is effective for proximity object detection. Originality/value This paper proposes a novel capacitive proximity sensor with top small ring-bottom large ring structure. Compared with the traditional capacitive sensor, the proposed capacitive sensor is more sensitive to the approaching object. This would be helpful for the accurate detection of the approaching object. Also, the top and bottom electrodes are much smaller.","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135824696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yankun Tang, M. Zhang, Kedong Chen, Sher Ali Nawaz, Hairong Wang, Jiuhong Wang, Xianqing Tian
Purpose Detecting O2 gas in a confined space at room temperature is particularly important to monitor the work process of precision equipment. This study aims to propose a miniaturized, low-cost, mass-scale produced O2 sensor operating around 30°C. Design/methodology/approach The O2 sensor based on lanthanum fluoride (LaF3) solid electrolyte thin film was developed using MEMS technology. The principle of the sensor was a galvanic cell H2O, O2, Pt | LaF3 | Sn, SnF2 |, in which the Sn film was prepared by magnetron sputtering, and the LaF3 film was prepared by thermal resistance evaporation. Findings Through pretreatments, the sensor’s response signal to 40% oxygen concentration was enhanced from 1.9 mV to 46.0 mV at 30°C and 97.0% RH. Tests at temperatures from 30°C to 50°C and humidity from 32.4% RH to 97.0% RH indicated that the output electromotive force (EMF) has a linear relationship with the logarithm of the oxygen concentration. The sensitivity of the sensor increases with an increase in both humidity and temperature in the couple mode, and the EMF of the sensor follows well with the Nernst equation at different temperatures and humidity. Practical implications This research could be applied to monitor the oxygen concentration below 25% in confined spaces at room temperature safely without a power supply. Originality/value The relationship between temperature and humidity coupling and the response of the sensor was obtained. The nano-film material was integrated with the MEMS process. It is expected to be practically applied in the future.
{"title":"A micro room temperature oxygen sensor based on LaF3 solid electrolyte thin film","authors":"Yankun Tang, M. Zhang, Kedong Chen, Sher Ali Nawaz, Hairong Wang, Jiuhong Wang, Xianqing Tian","doi":"10.1108/sr-02-2021-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-02-2021-0044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Detecting O2 gas in a confined space at room temperature is particularly important to monitor the work process of precision equipment. This study aims to propose a miniaturized, low-cost, mass-scale produced O2 sensor operating around 30°C.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The O2 sensor based on lanthanum fluoride (LaF3) solid electrolyte thin film was developed using MEMS technology. The principle of the sensor was a galvanic cell H2O, O2, Pt | LaF3 | Sn, SnF2 |, in which the Sn film was prepared by magnetron sputtering, and the LaF3 film was prepared by thermal resistance evaporation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Through pretreatments, the sensor’s response signal to 40% oxygen concentration was enhanced from 1.9 mV to 46.0 mV at 30°C and 97.0% RH. Tests at temperatures from 30°C to 50°C and humidity from 32.4% RH to 97.0% RH indicated that the output electromotive force (EMF) has a linear relationship with the logarithm of the oxygen concentration. The sensitivity of the sensor increases with an increase in both humidity and temperature in the couple mode, and the EMF of the sensor follows well with the Nernst equation at different temperatures and humidity.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This research could be applied to monitor the oxygen concentration below 25% in confined spaces at room temperature safely without a power supply.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The relationship between temperature and humidity coupling and the response of the sensor was obtained. The nano-film material was integrated with the MEMS process. It is expected to be practically applied in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45063230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose This study aims to reduce data bias during human activity and increase the accuracy of activity recognition. Design/methodology/approach A convolutional neural network and a bidirectional long short-term memory model are used to automatically capture feature information of time series from raw sensor data and use a self-attention mechanism to learn select potential relationships of essential time points. The proposed model has been evaluated on six publicly available data sets and verified that the performance is significantly improved by combining the self-attentive mechanism with deep convolutional networks and recursive layers. Findings The proposed method significantly improves accuracy over the state-of-the-art method between different data sets, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method in intelligent sensor systems. Originality/value Using deep learning frameworks, especially activity recognition using self-attention mechanisms, greatly improves recognition accuracy.
{"title":"Wearable sensors for human activity recognition based on a self-attention CNN-BiLSTM model","authors":"Huafeng Guo, Changcheng Xiang, Shiqiang Chen","doi":"10.1108/sr-10-2022-0398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2022-0398","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to reduce data bias during human activity and increase the accuracy of activity recognition.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A convolutional neural network and a bidirectional long short-term memory model are used to automatically capture feature information of time series from raw sensor data and use a self-attention mechanism to learn select potential relationships of essential time points. The proposed model has been evaluated on six publicly available data sets and verified that the performance is significantly improved by combining the self-attentive mechanism with deep convolutional networks and recursive layers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The proposed method significantly improves accuracy over the state-of-the-art method between different data sets, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method in intelligent sensor systems.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Using deep learning frameworks, especially activity recognition using self-attention mechanisms, greatly improves recognition accuracy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43311567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajjad Habashi Youvalari, Arash Olianezhad, S. Afrang
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design and simulate a piezoelectric micropump using microelectromechanical systems technology for drug delivery applications. Design/methodology/approach Two piezoelectric actuators are used to actuate and bend the diaphragms in the proposed structure. In this micropump, the liquid flow is rectified by two silicon check valves. Findings The use of two piezoelectric transducer (PZT) actuators in the parallel mod not only reduces dead volume but also increases stroke volume as well. In addition to increasing the flow rate, this phenomenon enhances the operation of the micropump to have self-priming as smoothly as possible. Originality/value This actuating method results in a 22% increase in flow rate and compression ratio, as well as a 15% reduction in function voltage. The fluid-solid interaction is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a.
{"title":"Design and simulation of a MEMS-based piezoelectric micropump for bio-medical applications","authors":"Sajjad Habashi Youvalari, Arash Olianezhad, S. Afrang","doi":"10.1108/sr-01-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to design and simulate a piezoelectric micropump using microelectromechanical systems technology for drug delivery applications.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Two piezoelectric actuators are used to actuate and bend the diaphragms in the proposed structure. In this micropump, the liquid flow is rectified by two silicon check valves.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The use of two piezoelectric transducer (PZT) actuators in the parallel mod not only reduces dead volume but also increases stroke volume as well. In addition to increasing the flow rate, this phenomenon enhances the operation of the micropump to have self-priming as smoothly as possible.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This actuating method results in a 22% increase in flow rate and compression ratio, as well as a 15% reduction in function voltage. The fluid-solid interaction is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42908321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Barrarat, K. Rayane, B. Helifa, S. Bensaid, I. Lefkaier
Purpose Detecting the orientation of cracks is a major challenge in the development of eddy current nondestructive testing probes. Eddy current-based techniques are limited in their ability to detect cracks that are not perpendicular to induced current flows. This study aims to investigate the application of the rotating electromagnetic field method to detect arbitrary orientation defects in conductive nonferrous parts. This method significantly improves the detection of cracks of any orientation. Design/methodology/approach A new rotating uniform eddy current (RUEC) probe is presented. Two exciting pairs consisting of similar square-shaped coils are arranged orthogonally at the same lifting point, thus avoiding further adjustment of the excitation system to generate a rotating electromagnetic field, eliminating any need for mechanical rotation and focusing this field with high density. A circular detection coil serving as a receiver is mounted in the middle of the excitation system. Findings A simulation model of the rotating electromagnetic field system is performed to determine the rules and characteristics of the electromagnetic signal distribution in the defect area. Referring to the experimental results aimed to detect artificial cracks at arbitrary angles in underwater structures using the rotating alternating current field measurement (RACFM) system in Li et al. (2016), the model proposed in this paper is validated. Originality/value CEDRAT FLUX 3D simulation results showed that the proposed probe can detect cracks with any orientation, maintaining the same sensitivity, which demonstrates its effectiveness. Furthermore, the proposed RUEC probe, associated with the exploitation procedure, allows us to provide a full characterization of the crack, namely, its length, depth and orientation in a one-pass scan, by analyzing the magnetic induction signal.
目的检测裂纹的方向是涡流无损检测探头发展的主要挑战。基于涡流的技术在检测不垂直于感应电流的裂缝方面受到限制。本研究旨在探讨旋转电磁场法在导电有色金属零件任意取向缺陷检测中的应用。该方法显著提高了对任意方向裂纹的检测效果。提出了一种新型旋转均匀涡流(RUEC)探头。由相似的方形线圈组成的两对激励对在同一提升点上正交排列，从而避免了励磁系统进一步调整以产生旋转电磁场，无需机械旋转并高密度聚焦该场。作为接收器的圆形检测线圈安装在励磁系统的中间。建立了旋转电磁场系统的仿真模型，确定了缺陷区域电磁信号分布的规律和特征。参考Li et al.(2016)利用旋转交变场测量(RACFM)系统检测水下构筑物任意角度人工裂缝的实验结果，对本文模型进行了验证。三维仿真结果表明，所提出的探针可以检测任意方向的裂缝，并保持相同的灵敏度，证明了其有效性。此外，所提出的RUEC探针与开发程序相关联，使我们能够通过分析磁感应信号，在一次扫描中提供裂缝的完整特征，即其长度，深度和方向。
{"title":"New design of rotating eddy current probe for arbitrary orientation cracks detection","authors":"F. Barrarat, K. Rayane, B. Helifa, S. Bensaid, I. Lefkaier","doi":"10.1108/sr-01-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Detecting the orientation of cracks is a major challenge in the development of eddy current nondestructive testing probes. Eddy current-based techniques are limited in their ability to detect cracks that are not perpendicular to induced current flows. This study aims to investigate the application of the rotating electromagnetic field method to detect arbitrary orientation defects in conductive nonferrous parts. This method significantly improves the detection of cracks of any orientation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A new rotating uniform eddy current (RUEC) probe is presented. Two exciting pairs consisting of similar square-shaped coils are arranged orthogonally at the same lifting point, thus avoiding further adjustment of the excitation system to generate a rotating electromagnetic field, eliminating any need for mechanical rotation and focusing this field with high density. A circular detection coil serving as a receiver is mounted in the middle of the excitation system.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000A simulation model of the rotating electromagnetic field system is performed to determine the rules and characteristics of the electromagnetic signal distribution in the defect area. Referring to the experimental results aimed to detect artificial cracks at arbitrary angles in underwater structures using the rotating alternating current field measurement (RACFM) system in Li et al. (2016), the model proposed in this paper is validated.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000CEDRAT FLUX 3D simulation results showed that the proposed probe can detect cracks with any orientation, maintaining the same sensitivity, which demonstrates its effectiveness. Furthermore, the proposed RUEC probe, associated with the exploitation procedure, allows us to provide a full characterization of the crack, namely, its length, depth and orientation in a one-pass scan, by analyzing the magnetic induction signal.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48460926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose Tactile sensation is an important sensory function for robots in contact with the external environment. To better acquire tactile information about objects, this paper aims to propose a three-layer structure of the interdigital flexible tactile sensor. Design/methodology/approach The sensor consists of a bottom electrode layer, a middle pressure-sensitive layer and a top indenter layer. First, the pressure sensitive material, structure design, fabrication process and circuit design of the sensor are introduced. Then, the calibration and performance test of the designed sensor is carried out. Four functions are used to fit and calibrate the relationship between the output voltage of the sensor and the contact force. Finally, the contact force sensing test of different weight objects and the flexible test of the sensor are carried out. Findings The performance test results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.93 V/N when it is loaded with 0–3 N and 0.23 V/N when it is loaded with 3–5 N. It shows good repeatability, and the cross-interference between the sensing units is generally low. The contact force sensing test results of different weight objects show that the proposed sensor performs well in contact force. Each part of the sensor is a flexible material, allowing the sensor to achieve bending deformation, so that the sensor can better perceive the contact signs of the grasped object. Practical implications The sensor can paste the surface of the paper robot’s gripper to measure the contact force of the grasping object and estimate the contour of the object. Originality/value In this paper, a three-layer interdigital flexible tactile sensor is proposed, and the structural parameters of the interdigital electrode are designed to improve the sensitivity and response speed of the sensor. The indenter with three shapes of the prism, square cylinder and hemisphere is preliminarily designed and the prism indenter with better conduction force is selected through finite element analysis, which can concentrate the external force in the sensing area to improve the sensitivity. The sensor designed in this paper can realize the measurement of contact force, which provides a certain reference for the field of robot tactile.
{"title":"Interdigital flexible tactile sensor based on Velostat","authors":"Haifeng Fang, Yangyang Wei, Shuo Dong","doi":"10.1108/sr-01-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-01-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Tactile sensation is an important sensory function for robots in contact with the external environment. To better acquire tactile information about objects, this paper aims to propose a three-layer structure of the interdigital flexible tactile sensor.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The sensor consists of a bottom electrode layer, a middle pressure-sensitive layer and a top indenter layer. First, the pressure sensitive material, structure design, fabrication process and circuit design of the sensor are introduced. Then, the calibration and performance test of the designed sensor is carried out. Four functions are used to fit and calibrate the relationship between the output voltage of the sensor and the contact force. Finally, the contact force sensing test of different weight objects and the flexible test of the sensor are carried out.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The performance test results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.93 V/N when it is loaded with 0–3 N and 0.23 V/N when it is loaded with 3–5 N. It shows good repeatability, and the cross-interference between the sensing units is generally low. The contact force sensing test results of different weight objects show that the proposed sensor performs well in contact force. Each part of the sensor is a flexible material, allowing the sensor to achieve bending deformation, so that the sensor can better perceive the contact signs of the grasped object.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The sensor can paste the surface of the paper robot’s gripper to measure the contact force of the grasping object and estimate the contour of the object.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000In this paper, a three-layer interdigital flexible tactile sensor is proposed, and the structural parameters of the interdigital electrode are designed to improve the sensitivity and response speed of the sensor. The indenter with three shapes of the prism, square cylinder and hemisphere is preliminarily designed and the prism indenter with better conduction force is selected through finite element analysis, which can concentrate the external force in the sensing area to improve the sensitivity. The sensor designed in this paper can realize the measurement of contact force, which provides a certain reference for the field of robot tactile.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44741683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of transition metals (TMs) of iron-, nickel- and zinc-doped graphene nanosheet for adsorption of toxic gas of nitric oxide (NO). The results of this paper have provided a favorable understanding of the interaction between TM-doped graphene nanosheet and NO molecule. Design/methodology/approach A high performance of TM-doped graphene nanosheet as a gas sensor is demonstrated by modeling the material’s transport characteristics by means of the Langmuir adsorption and three-layered ONIOM/ density functional theory method. The Langmuir adsorption model has been done with a three-layered ONIOM using CAM-B3LYP functional and LANL2DZ and 6–311G (d, p) basis sets by Gaussian 16 revision C.01 program towards the formation of of NO→TM(Mn, Co, Cu)-doped on the Gr nanosheet. Findings The changes of charge density for Langmuir adsorption of NO on Mn-, Co- and Cu-doped graphene nanosheet orderly have been achieved as: ΔQCo-doped = +0.309 >> ΔQMn-doped = −0.074 > ΔQCu-doped = −0.051. Therefore, the number of changes of charge density have concluded a more remarkable charge transfer for Mn-doped graphene nanosheet. However, based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the sharp peaks around Cu doped on the surface of graphene nanosheet and C19 close to junction of N2 and Co17 have been observed. In addition, Cu-doped graphene sheet has a large effect on bond orbitals of C8–Cu 17, C15–Cu 17 and C16–Cu17 in the adsorption of NO on the Cu-doped/Gr which has shown the maximum occupancy. The amounts of ΔGads,NO→Mn−Co through IR computations based on polarizability have exhibited that ΔGads,NO→Mn−Co has indicated the most energy gap because of charge density transfer from the nitrogen atom in NO to Mn-doped graphene nanosheet, though ΔG(NO→Cu−C)0> ΔG(NO→Co−C)0>ΔG(NO→Mn−C)0. Originality/value This research aims to explore the adsorption of hazardous pollutant gas of “NO” by using carbon nanostructure doped by “TM” of iron, nickel and zinc to evaluate the effectiveness of adsorption parameters of various TM-doped graphene nanosheets.
{"title":"Graphene-based resistant sensor decorated with Mn, Co, Cu for nitric oxide detection: Langmuir adsorption & DFT method","authors":"Fatemeh Mollaamin, M. Monajjemi","doi":"10.1108/sr-03-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of transition metals (TMs) of iron-, nickel- and zinc-doped graphene nanosheet for adsorption of toxic gas of nitric oxide (NO). The results of this paper have provided a favorable understanding of the interaction between TM-doped graphene nanosheet and NO molecule.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A high performance of TM-doped graphene nanosheet as a gas sensor is demonstrated by modeling the material’s transport characteristics by means of the Langmuir adsorption and three-layered ONIOM/ density functional theory method. The Langmuir adsorption model has been done with a three-layered ONIOM using CAM-B3LYP functional and LANL2DZ and 6–311G (d, p) basis sets by Gaussian 16 revision C.01 program towards the formation of of NO→TM(Mn, Co, Cu)-doped on the Gr nanosheet.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The changes of charge density for Langmuir adsorption of NO on Mn-, Co- and Cu-doped graphene nanosheet orderly have been achieved as: ΔQCo-doped = +0.309 >> ΔQMn-doped = −0.074 > ΔQCu-doped = −0.051. Therefore, the number of changes of charge density have concluded a more remarkable charge transfer for Mn-doped graphene nanosheet. However, based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the sharp peaks around Cu doped on the surface of graphene nanosheet and C19 close to junction of N2 and Co17 have been observed. In addition, Cu-doped graphene sheet has a large effect on bond orbitals of C8–Cu 17, C15–Cu 17 and C16–Cu17 in the adsorption of NO on the Cu-doped/Gr which has shown the maximum occupancy. The amounts of \u0000\u0000ΔGads,NO→Mn−Co through IR computations based on polarizability have exhibited that \u0000\u0000ΔGads,NO→Mn−Co has indicated the most energy gap because of charge density transfer from the nitrogen atom in NO to Mn-doped graphene nanosheet, though \u0000\u0000ΔG(NO→Cu−C)0> \u0000\u0000ΔG(NO→Co−C)0>ΔG(NO→Mn−C)0.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This research aims to explore the adsorption of hazardous pollutant gas of “NO” by using carbon nanostructure doped by “TM” of iron, nickel and zinc to evaluate the effectiveness of adsorption parameters of various TM-doped graphene nanosheets.\u0000","PeriodicalId":49540,"journal":{"name":"Sensor Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42114738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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