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Recent development and challenges on design and fabrication of flexible substrate based carbon monoxide gas sensor: a review 基于柔性基板的一氧化碳气体传感器设计与制造的最新进展与挑战综述
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1108/sr-09-2022-0339
Shweta  , Sunil Jadav, R. Tripathi
PurposeSensing technology has been extensively researched and used due to its applications in industrial production and daily life. Due to inherent limitations of conventional silicon-based technology, researchers are now-a-days paying more attention to flexible electronics to design low-cost, high-sensitivity devices. This observational and analytical study aims to emphasis on carbon monoxide gas sensor. This review also focuses the challenges faced by flexible devices, offers the most recent research on paper-based gas sensors and pays special focus on various sensing materials and fabrication techniques.Design/methodology/approachTo get the better insight into opportunities for future improvement, a number of research papers based on sensors were studied and realized the need to design carbon monoxide gas sensor. A number of parameters were then gone through to decide the flexibility parameter to be considered for design purposes. This review also focuses on the challenges faced by flexible devices and how they can be overcome.FindingsIt has been shown that carbon monoxide gas, being most contaminated gas, needs to be fabricated to sense low concentration at room temperature, considering flexibility as an important parameter. Regarding this parameter, some tests must be done to test whether the structure sustains or degrades after bending. The parameters required to perform bending are also described.Originality/valueDue to inherent limitations of conventional silicon-based technology, now-a-days attention is paid towards flexible electronics to design low-cost, high-sensitivity devices. A number of research articles are provided in the literature concerning gas sensing for different applications using several sensing principles. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in carbon monoxide gas sensors along with the design possibilities for flexible paper-based gas sensors. All the aspects have been taken into consideration for the fabrication, starting with paper characterization techniques, various sensing materials, manufacturing methodologies, challenges in the fabrication of flexible devices and effects of bending and humidity on the sensing performance.
摘要传感技术由于在工业生产和日常生活中的广泛应用而得到了广泛的研究和应用。由于传统硅基技术的固有局限性,研究人员现在更加关注柔性电子器件,以设计低成本,高灵敏度的器件。本研究的重点是一氧化碳气体传感器的观测与分析。本综述还重点介绍了柔性器件面临的挑战,提供了纸基气体传感器的最新研究,并特别关注了各种传感材料和制造技术。为了更好地洞察未来改进的机会,研究了许多基于传感器的研究论文,并意识到需要设计一氧化碳气体传感器。然后通过一些参数来确定设计目的要考虑的灵活性参数。本综述还侧重于柔性设备所面临的挑战以及如何克服这些挑战。结果表明,一氧化碳气体是污染最严重的气体,需要在室温下制造低浓度传感器,并考虑柔性作为一个重要参数。对于该参数,必须进行一些试验,以测试结构在弯曲后是保持还是退化。还描述了进行弯曲所需的参数。原创性/价值由于传统硅基技术的固有局限性,如今人们开始关注柔性电子产品,以设计低成本、高灵敏度的设备。文献中提供了许多关于气体传感的研究文章,这些研究文章使用几种传感原理用于不同的应用。本研究旨在全面概述一氧化碳气体传感器的最新发展,以及柔性纸基气体传感器的设计可能性。从纸张表征技术、各种传感材料、制造方法、柔性器件制造中的挑战以及弯曲和湿度对传感性能的影响开始,所有方面都被考虑在内。
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引用次数: 0
Analog-to-digital converters: a review of existing architectures and a new proposal for high resolution sensors 模数转换器:高分辨率传感器的现有架构综述和新建议
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1108/sr-09-2022-0369
S. Bashir, N. Hakim, G. M. Rather
PurposeAs technology advances the demand for an analog-to digital converter has increased, as every application demands a converter as per its parameters. Currently, work is done on improvement of data converters at three levels of design – architectural, circuit and physical level. This paper aims to review the work done in the field of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at architectural and circuit level and discusses the achievements in this field. Furthermore, a new architecture is proposed, which works at higher resolution and provides optimum design parameters at low power consumption.Design/methodology/approachA hybrid architecture combining the features of synthetic approximation register and sigma-delta ADC is presented. The validity of the proposed design at architectural level is verified using MATLAB SIMULINK simulations.FindingsThe design simulation was tested for a sinusoidal wave of 1 V at the test frequency of 60 Hz. The design consumes least power, and is found to yield an error of the order less than 10–3 V, thus providing highly accurate digital output.Originality/valueThe design is applicable in many applications including biomedical systems, Internet-of-Things and earthquake engineering. This architecture can be further optimized to obtain better performance parameters.
目的随着技术的进步,对模数转换器的需求也在增加,因为每个应用程序都需要根据其参数配备转换器。目前,数据转换器的改进工作分为三个设计层面——架构、电路和物理层面。本文旨在回顾在架构和电路层面上在模数转换器(ADC)领域所做的工作,并讨论该领域的成就。此外,还提出了一种新的架构,该架构以更高的分辨率工作,并在低功耗下提供最佳设计参数。设计/方法/途径结合了合成逼近寄存器和∑-ΔADC的特点,提出了一种混合结构。使用MATLAB SIMULINK仿真验证了所提出的设计在体系结构层面的有效性。发现设计模拟是在测试频率为60Hz的1V正弦波下进行测试的。该设计功耗最小,产生的误差小于10–3 V,因此提供了高度准确的数字输出。独创性/价值该设计适用于许多应用,包括生物医学系统、物联网和地震工程。该架构可以进一步优化以获得更好的性能参数。
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引用次数: 0
Combined noise reduction and DOA estimation algorithm for MEMS vector hydrophone based on variational mode decomposition 基于变分模分解的MEMS矢量水听器组合降噪和DOA估计算法
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1108/sr-08-2022-0300
PurposeThis paper aims to solve the problem that strong noise interference seriously affects the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in complex underwater acoustic environment. In this paper, a combined noise reduction algorithm and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) vector hydrophone DOA estimation algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and wavelet threshold denoising (WTD) is proposed.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the parameters of VMD are determined by SVD, and the VMD method can decompose the signal into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Secondly, the effective IMF component is determined according to the correlation coefficient criterion and the IMF less than the threshold is processed by WTD. Then, reconstruction is carried out to achieve the purpose of denoising and calibration baseline drift. Finally, DOA estimation is achieved by the combined directional algorithm of preprocessed signal.FindingsSimulation and field experiments results show that the algorithm has good noise reduction and baseline drift correction effects for nonstationary underwater signals, and high-precision azimuth estimation is realized.Originality/valueThis research provides the basis for MEMS hydrophone detection and positioning and has great engineering significance in underwater detection system.
目的针对复杂水声环境下强噪声干扰严重影响到达方向(DOA)估计的问题。提出了一种基于奇异值分解(SVD)、变分模态分解(VMD)和小波阈值去噪(WTD)的微机电系统(MEMS)矢量水听器DOA估计与降噪算法的组合算法。设计/方法/途径首先,通过奇异值分解确定VMD的参数,VMD方法可以将信号分解为多个本征模态函数(IMFs)。其次,根据相关系数准则确定有效IMF分量,对小于阈值的IMF进行WTD处理;然后进行重构,达到去噪和校正基线漂移的目的。最后,利用预处理信号的组合方向算法实现DOA估计。仿真和现场实验结果表明,该算法对非平稳水下信号具有良好的降噪和基线漂移校正效果,实现了高精度的方位估计。本研究为MEMS水听器探测定位提供了基础,在水下探测系统中具有重要的工程意义。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of seawater monitoring for the detection of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis on an integrated biosensor system 集成生物传感器系统在海水监测中检测大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌的效果评价
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.1108/sr-09-2022-0380
PurposeThis study aims to monitor seawater by determing two biological indicators, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. The process of following standard procedures is mainly time-consuming. Thus, there is a demand for a biosensor, an appropriate device for rapid and accurate results that can give information about the microbiological quality of seawater in an effective and rapid way.Design/methodology/approachIn the gold standard method for seawater monitoring, the filter method is applied as a condensation step. In this work, the authors evaluated six types of common syringe filters for bacteria concentration and then the best filter was used for seawater analysis for E. coli and Enterococci with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR).FindingsCellulose acetate filter had the highest efficiency (98%) for bacterial concentration. The limit of detection of the LAMP method was 104/1,000 mL for both E. coli and E. faecalis. The proposed method could be used for the development of seawater biosensors with advantages such as a simple heating element and the speed that the LAMP PCR presents.Originality/valueThe suggested protocol is proposed in an integrated in situ system, a biosensor, for seawater quality determination.
目的通过测定大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌两种生物指标,对海水进行监测。遵循标准程序的过程主要耗时。因此,需要一种生物传感器,一种用于快速准确结果的合适设备,能够以有效和快速的方式提供关于海水微生物质量的信息。设计/方法/方法在海水监测的金标准方法中,过滤法被用作冷凝步骤。在这项工作中,作者对六种常见的注射器过滤器的细菌浓度进行了评估,然后将最佳过滤器用于环介导等温扩增(LAMP)聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对大肠杆菌和肠球菌的海水分析。发现乙酸纤维素过滤器对细菌浓度的效率最高(98%)。LAMP方法的检测限为104/1000 大肠杆菌和粪大肠杆菌均为mL。所提出的方法可用于开发海水生物传感器,具有加热元件简单和LAMP PCR速度快等优点。独创性/价值建议的方案是在一个集成的原位系统,一个生物传感器中提出的,用于海水质量测定。
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引用次数: 0
Substrate-type sensitized FBG temperature sensor 基板型敏化FBG温度传感器
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1108/sr-03-2022-0156
Li Hong, JingYuan Wang, Jianxian Cai, Yuntian Teng, Zhongchao Qiu
PurposeIn response to the common low sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors in measurement, an FBG temperature sensor sensitized in a substrate-type package structure is proposed.Design/methodology/approachThe sensitivity of sensors is analyzed theoretically; aluminum alloys with large coefficient of thermal expansion are used; the ANSYS software is used for simulation analysis and optimization design of sensors; real sensors are developed based on simulation results; in this study, a test system was built to test the performance of the proposed sensor.FindingsThe results suggested that the sensitivity of encapsulated FBG temperature sensor is 27.3 pm/°C in the range of −20 °C to 40 °C, which is 2.7 times that of bare FBG sensor, while the linearity is up to more than 0.99.Practical implicationsThe sensitivity of FBG temperature sensor is greatly improved by the design of the structure.Originality/valueThis study innovatively proposes substrate-type sensitized FBG temperature sensor. The temperature sensitivity of fiber grating can be improved by single metal structure, and the effect of structural strain can be reduced by a tab structure. The study results provide a reference for the development of like sensors and the further improvement in the sensitivity of FBG temperature sensors.
目的针对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)温度传感器在测量中普遍存在的灵敏度低的问题,提出了一种基板型封装敏化的光纤光栅温度传感器。对传感器的灵敏度进行了理论分析;采用热膨胀系数大的铝合金;利用ANSYS软件对传感器进行仿真分析和优化设计;基于仿真结果研制了真实传感器;在本研究中,建立了一个测试系统来测试所提出的传感器的性能。结果表明,封装FBG温度传感器在−20℃~ 40℃范围内的灵敏度为27.3 pm/°C,是裸FBG传感器的2.7倍,线性度可达0.99以上。实际意义通过这种结构的设计,大大提高了光纤光栅温度传感器的灵敏度。独创性/价值本研究创新性地提出了基板型敏化FBG温度传感器。采用单金属结构可以提高光纤光栅的温度灵敏度,采用压片结构可以减小结构应变的影响。研究结果为同类传感器的开发和进一步提高光纤光栅温度传感器的灵敏度提供了参考。
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引用次数: 0
Fiber-optic-based force and shape sensing in surgical robots: a review 基于光纤的手术机器人力和形状传感研究综述
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1108/sr-04-2022-0180
Q. Jiang, Jihua Li, Danish Masood
PurposeWith the increasing development of the surgical robots, the opto-mechatronic technologies are more potential in the robotics system optimization. The optic signal plays an important role in opto-mechatronic systems. This paper aims to present a review of the research status on fiber-optic-based force and shape sensors in surgical robots.Design/methodology/approachAdvances of fiber-optic-based force and shape sensing techniques in the past 20 years are investigated and summarized according to different surgical requirement and technical characteristics. The research status analysis and development prospects are discussed.FindingsCompared with traditional electrical signal conduction, the phototransduction provides higher speed transmission, lower signal loss and the immunity to electromagnetic interference in robot perception. Most importantly, more and more advanced optic-based sensing technologies are applied to medical robots in the past two decades because the prominence is magnetic resonance imaging compatibility. For medical robots especially, fiber-optic sensing technologies can improve working security, manipulating accuracy and provide force and shape feedback to surgeon.Originality/valueThis is a new perspective. This paper mainly researches the application of optical fiber sensor according to different surgeries which is beneficial to learn the great potential of optical fiber sensor in surgical robots. By enumerating the research progress of medical robots in optimization design, multimode sensing and advanced materials, the development tendency of fiber-optic-based force and shape sensing technologies in surgical robots is prospected.
目的随着手术机器人的不断发展,光机电一体化技术在机器人系统优化方面更有潜力。光信号在光机电系统中起着重要作用。本文综述了手术机器人中基于光纤的力和形状传感器的研究现状。设计/方法/方法基于光纤的力和形状传感技术在过去20年中的进展 根据不同的手术要求和技术特点,对手术年限进行了调查和总结。对研究现状进行了分析,并对其发展前景进行了展望。发现与传统的电信号传导相比,光传导在机器人感知中提供了更高的传输速度、更低的信号损耗和对电磁干扰的免疫力。最重要的是,在过去的二十年里,越来越先进的基于光学的传感技术被应用于医疗机器人,因为其突出的是磁共振成像兼容性。尤其是对于医疗机器人来说,光纤传感技术可以提高工作安全性、操作精度,并为外科医生提供力和形状反馈。创意/价值这是一个新的视角。本文主要研究光纤传感器在不同手术中的应用,有利于了解光纤传感器在手术机器人中的巨大潜力。通过列举医疗机器人在优化设计、多模传感和先进材料方面的研究进展,展望了基于光纤的力和形状传感技术在手术机器人中的发展趋势。
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引用次数: 2
Advanced resonator mass sensor for molecule detection in droplet 用于液滴分子检测的先进谐振质量传感器
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1108/sr-02-2022-0108
Amin Eidi, M. Shamsi, H. Badri Ghavifekr
PurposeThis paper aims to a novel fabricated resonator structure which consists of some single mechanical resonators as a mass sensor.Design/methodology/approachThe structure is proposed to detect the target molecules and cells in a droplet. Also, at this design the mechanical coupling springs of the proposed structure are designed in such a way that it resonates in shear resonance mode which minimizes the damping effect.FindingsThis proposed design can be fabricated in different sizes due to the requirements of an application.Originality/valueThe proposed design is fabricated in mesoscale and its mass sensitivity is evaluated and reported in this paper.
目的本文提出了一种由单个机械谐振器组成的新型谐振腔结构作为质量传感器。设计/方法/方法该结构用于检测液滴中的目标分子和细胞。此外,在这种设计中,所提出的结构的机械耦合弹簧的设计方式是,它以剪切共振模式共振,从而使阻尼效应最小化。发现由于应用的要求,该拟议的设计可以制作成不同的尺寸。独创性/价值本文对所提出的设计进行了中尺度制作,并对其质量灵敏度进行了评估和报道。
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引用次数: 2
A review: material characterization with metamaterial based sensors 超材料传感器材料特性研究综述
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1108/sr-09-2021-0325
K. Singh, Santosh Kumar Mahto, R. Sinha
PurposeThis paper aims to concentrate on research that has been conducted in the previous decade on metamaterial (MTM)-based sensors for material characterization, which includes solid dielectrics, micro fluids and biomolecules.Design/methodology/approachThere has been a vast advancement in sensors based on MTM since the past few decades. MTM elements provide a sensitive response to materials while having a tiny footprint, making them an appealing alternative for realizing diverse sensing devices.FindingsRelated research papers on MTM sensors published in reputable journals were reviewed in this report, with a specific emphasis on the structure, size and nature of the materials characterized. Because electromagnetic wave interaction excites MTM structures, sensing applications around the electromagnetic spectrum are possible.Originality/valueThe paper contains valuable information on MTM sensor technology for material characterization, and this study also highlights the challenges and approaches that will guide future development.
目的本文旨在集中研究过去十年中基于超材料(MTM)的材料表征传感器,包括固体电介质、微流体和生物分子。设计/方法论/方法自过去几十年以来,基于MTM的传感器取得了巨大的进步。MTM元件提供对材料的灵敏响应,同时具有微小的占地面积,使其成为实现各种传感设备的有吸引力的替代方案。发现本报告综述了在知名期刊上发表的关于MTM传感器的相关研究论文,特别强调了所表征材料的结构、尺寸和性质。由于电磁波相互作用激发MTM结构,因此围绕电磁频谱的传感应用是可能的。原创性/价值本文包含了用于材料表征的MTM传感器技术的宝贵信息,本研究还强调了指导未来发展的挑战和方法。
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引用次数: 0
Research on a stacked high-sensitivity hydroacoustic transducer 叠置式高灵敏度水声换能器的研究
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1108/sr-09-2022-0378
Tian Rong, Chenxu Wang
PurposeIsland attack and defense, emergency rescue, scientific research, civilian fisheries and other fields are inseparable from timely, high-quality underwater communications. However light and other electromagnetic waves are severely attenuated in water, acoustic is currently the only energy carrier that can transmit signals over long distances in water. However, the complex water environment and serious interference bring serious challenges to underwater activities using underwater acoustic sensors-hydroacoustic transducers. Thus, this paper aims to develop a class of high reception sensitivity hydroacoustic transducer structures to provide research and utilization ideas for related scholars.Design/methodology/approachThe electromechanical coupling coefficient is improved by converting the thickness vibration mode of the piezoelectric ceramic into the longitudinal vibration mode of the piezoelectric pillars array, and no polymer is added between the piezoelectric pillars array to reduce lateral coupling as well as internal friction, which can thus reduce the energy losses. Radial stacking in parallel can also enhance the charge generated through the positive piezoelectric effect. The optimal parameters of the structure are determined by equivalent circuit method and finite element analysis, and a hydroacoustic transducer of this structure is fabricated finally.FindingsAccording to the standard test procedure, the hydroacoustic transducer was tested in water. The tests show that the conductance curve of the stacked high-sensitivity hydroacoustic transducer tested in the air is in good agreement with the simulation results. The resonant frequency is about 118 kHz, and the receiver sensitivity is −166 dB. The stacked material hydroacoustic transducer is in the high-frequency range and has a much higher sensitivity (−166 dB) than many types of hydroacoustic transducers fabricated by piezoelectric ceramic (less than −200 dB).Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the stacked high-sensitivity hydroacoustic transducer that the authors have fabricated has a performance improvement, it has a limitation. The hollow design of the pillar arrays increases the reception stress on each pillar, and the imposed pressure comes from water also increases simultaneously, so the depth of water that the stacked high-sensitivity hydroacoustic transducer can operate in may be slightly shallower than that made of a pure piezoelectric ceramic block or a piezoelectric ceramic material with polymer added. This will be a problem to be solved in a future deployment.Practical implicationsWhether it is marine scientific research or in various fields such as civil recreation and fishing, hydroacoustic communication and necessary underwater exploration are indispensable for acoustic waves. The hydroacoustic transducer is the sensor that sends and receives sound waves, so a lot of water equipment, such as yachts, sonar buoys, and so on, cannot be separated
海岛攻防、应急救援、科研、民用渔业等领域都离不开及时、优质的水下通信。然而,光和其他电磁波在水中被严重衰减,声波是目前唯一能在水中长距离传输信号的能量载体。然而,复杂的水环境和严重的干扰给水声传感器-水声换能器的水下活动带来了严峻的挑战。因此,本文旨在研制一类高接收灵敏度的水声换能器结构,为相关学者提供研究和利用思路。设计/方法/途径将压电陶瓷的厚度振动模式转换为压电柱阵列的纵向振动模式,提高了机电耦合系数,并且在压电柱阵列之间不添加聚合物,减少了横向耦合和内摩擦,从而减少了能量损失。径向平行堆叠也可以增强正压电效应产生的电荷。通过等效电路法和有限元分析确定了该结构的最优参数,最后制作了该结构的水声换能器。根据标准测试程序,对水声换能器进行了水中测试。试验结果表明,叠置式高灵敏度水声换能器在空气中的电导曲线与仿真结果吻合较好。谐振频率约为118 kHz,接收灵敏度为- 166 dB。叠层材料水声换能器在高频范围内,比许多类型的压电陶瓷水声换能器(小于- 200 dB)具有更高的灵敏度(- 166 dB)。研究局限/意义作者制作的堆叠式高灵敏度水声换能器虽然性能有所提高,但也有局限性。柱阵的中空设计增加了每个柱的接收应力,同时来自水的压力也随之增加,因此堆叠式高灵敏度水声换能器的工作深度可能比纯压电陶瓷块或添加聚合物的压电陶瓷材料的工作深度略浅。这将是未来部署中需要解决的问题。无论是海洋科学研究,还是民用娱乐、渔业等各个领域,水声通信和必要的水下探测都离不开声波。水声换能器是发送和接收声波的传感器,所以很多水上设备,如游艇、声纳浮标等,都离不开水声换能器。此外,水环境的复杂性也要求水声换能器具有良好的性能,以利于后续信号处理的便捷性和有效性。因此,水声换能器具有很大的市场和商业价值。水声换能器不仅具有巨大的商业价值,而且对军事和民生都有重大影响。众所周知,在潜艇通信和水下探测领域,声纳是主力军。水声换能器的性能直接影响水声信号处理系统的性能,最终直接决定任务的成败。此外,设备上水声换能器的大规模更换需要大量从业者的共同努力,如材料科学家、结构科学家、数学家等。因此,水声换能器的兴起产生了大量的学习岗位和就业岗位。为了提高水声换能器的接收灵敏度,作者对现有的水声换能器材料和结构进行了优化,提出了一种堆叠式的敏感元件,可以有效地提高压电材料的机电转换系数。此外,作者还利用所提出的叠敏元件制造了水声换能器。水声换能器的测试结果也表明,所设计的叠加式敏感元件对提高水声换能器的接收灵敏度有很大的帮助。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic bibliometric analysis of studies dealing with fuel-related e-nose applications 与燃料相关的电子鼻应用研究的系统文献计量分析
IF 1.6 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1108/sr-02-2022-0089
I. G. Vidigal, M. P. de Melo, A. Siqueira, D. S. Giordani, É. L. Romão, Eduardo Ferro dos Santos, A. L. G. Ferreira
PurposeThis study aims to describe a bibliometric analysis of recent articles addressing the applications of e- noses with particular emphasis on those dealing with fuel-related products. Documents covering the general area of e-nose research and published between 1975 and 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science database, and peer-reviewed articles were selected and appraised according to specific descriptors and criteria.Design/methodology/approachAnalyses were performed by mapping the knowledge domain using the software tools VOSviewer and RStudio. It was possible to identify the countries, research organizations, authors and disciplines that were most prolific in the area, together with the most cited articles and the most frequent keywords. A total of 3,921 articles published in peer-reviewed journals were initially retrieved but only 47 (1.19%) described fuel-related e-nose applications with original articles published in indexed journals. However, this number was reduced to 38 (0.96%) articles strictly related to the target subject.FindingsRigorous appraisal of these documents yielded 22 articles that could be classified into two groups, those aimed at predicting the values of key parameters and those dealing with the discrimination of samples. Most of these 22 selected articles (68.2%) were published between 2017 and 2021, but little evidence was apparent of international collaboration between researchers and institutions currently working on this topic. The strategy of switching energy systems away from fossil fuels towards low-carbon renewable technologies that has been adopted by many countries will generate substantial research opportunities in the prediction, discrimination and quantification of volatiles in biofuels using e-nose.Research limitations/implicationsIt is important to highlight that the greatest difficulty in using the e-nose is the interpretation of the data generated by the equipment; most studies have so far used the maximum value of the electrical resistance signal of each e-nose sensor as the only data provided by this sensor; however, from 2019 onwards, some works began to consider the entire electrical resistance curve as a data source, extracting more information from it.Originality/valueThis study opens a new and promising way for the effective use of e-nose as a fuel analysis instrument, as low-cost sensors can be developed for use with the new data analysis methodology, enabling the production of portable, cheaper and more reliable equipment.
目的本研究旨在对最近关于电子鼻应用的文章进行文献计量分析,特别是那些涉及燃料相关产品的文章。1975年至2021年间发表的涉及电子鼻研究一般领域的文件从科学网数据库中检索,并根据特定的描述符和标准选择和评估同行评审的文章。设计/方法论/方法分析是通过使用软件工具VOSviewer和RStudio绘制知识域进行的。可以确定该领域最多产的国家、研究组织、作者和学科,以及被引用最多的文章和最频繁的关键词。最初共检索到3921篇发表在同行评审期刊上的文章,但只有47篇(1.19%)描述了与燃料相关的电子鼻应用,并在索引期刊上发表了原创文章。然而,这一数字减少到38篇(0.96%)与目标受试者严格相关的文章。发现对这些文件的严格评估产生了22篇文章,可分为两组,一组旨在预测关键参数的值,另一组涉及样本的判别。这22篇精选文章中的大多数(68.2%)发表在2017年至2021年间,但几乎没有证据表明研究人员和目前从事该主题研究的机构之间存在国际合作。许多国家采用的将能源系统从化石燃料转向低碳可再生技术的战略,将为利用电子鼻预测、辨别和量化生物燃料中的挥发物创造大量研究机会。研究局限性/含义需要强调的是,使用电子鼻的最大困难是对设备生成的数据进行解释;迄今为止,大多数研究都使用每个电子鼻传感器的电阻信号的最大值作为该传感器提供的唯一数据;然而,从2019年开始,一些工作开始将整个电阻曲线视为数据源,从中提取更多信息。独创性/价值这项研究为电子鼻作为燃料分析仪器的有效使用开辟了一条新的、有前景的途径,因为可以开发低成本的传感器与新的数据分析方法一起使用,更便宜、更可靠的设备。
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Sensor Review
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