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Seminars in Ultrasound Ct and Mri最新文献

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Advanced Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spinal Cord: Technical Aspects and Clinical Use 脊髓高级结构磁共振成像技术及其临床应用
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.016
Lucas de M.T. Branco , Thiago J.R. Rezende , Fabiano Reis , Marcondes C. França Jr

For a long time, technical obstacles have hampered the acquisition of high-resolution images and the development of reliable processing protocols for spinal cord (SC) MRI. Fortunately, this scenario has changed in the past 5-10 years, due to hardware and software improvements. Nowadays, with advanced protocols, SC MRI is considered a useful tool for several inherited and acquired neurologic diseases, not only for diagnosis approach but also for pathophysiological unraveling and as a biomarker for disease monitoring and clinical trials. In this review, we address advanced SC MRI sequences for macrostructural and microstructural evaluation, useful semiautomatic and automatic processing tools and clinical applications on several neurologic conditions such as hereditary cerebellar ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, motor neuron diseases and multiple sclerosis.

长期以来,技术障碍阻碍了高分辨率图像的获取和脊髓(SC)MRI可靠处理协议的开发。幸运的是,由于硬件和软件的改进,这种情况在过去5-10年中发生了变化。如今,凭借先进的方案,SC MRI被认为是几种遗传性和获得性神经疾病的有用工具,不仅用于诊断方法,还用于病理生理学研究,并作为疾病监测和临床试验的生物标志物。在这篇综述中,我们介绍了用于宏观和微观结构评估的高级SC MRI序列、有用的半自动和自动处理工具以及在遗传性小脑共济失调、遗传性痉挛性截瘫、运动神经元疾病和多发性硬化症等几种神经疾病中的临床应用。
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引用次数: 0
Imaging of the Ankle Ligaments and Cartilage Injuries as an Aid to Ankle Preservation Surgery 踝关节韧带和软骨损伤的影像学辅助保踝手术
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.002
Zohaib Y. Ahmad MD, Michael J. Rasiej MD

Ankle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries and can lead to ankle ligament and cartilage injuries. Imaging plays an important role in differentiating ligament injuries from other causes of ankle pain such as fractures, osteochondral lesions or tendon injuries that helps guide further management. Chronic untreated ankle ligamentous and cartilage injuries can further progress to ankle osteoarthritis, hence the need for timely diagnosis and treatment. Surgical treatment is often required in patients not responding to conservative treatment and ranges from repair and reconstruction procedures for ligament injuries to arthroscopic debridement and repair procedures for cartilage injuries. Cartilage defects and deficiency may be augmented depending on the extent of cartilage loss and associated subchondral changes on MRI. Awareness of operative techniques utilized is essential to interpret imaging findings in postoperative settings.

脚踝扭伤是最常见的肌肉骨骼损伤之一,可导致脚踝韧带和软骨损伤。影像学在区分韧带损伤和其他脚踝疼痛原因(如骨折、骨软骨损伤或肌腱损伤)方面发挥着重要作用,有助于指导进一步的治疗。慢性未经治疗的踝关节韧带和软骨损伤可进一步发展为踝关节骨性关节炎,因此需要及时诊断和治疗。保守治疗无效的患者通常需要手术治疗,包括韧带损伤的修复和重建程序,软骨损伤的关节镜清创和修复程序。软骨缺损和缺损可能会增加,这取决于软骨损失的程度和MRI上相关的软骨下变化。对所使用的手术技术的认识对于解释术后环境中的成像结果至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Neuropathy Score Reporting and Data System (NS‐RADS): A Practical Review of MRI-Based Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment 神经病变评分报告和数据系统(NS‐RADS):基于MRI的周围神经病变评估的实践综述
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.003
Atul K. Taneja MD, PhD , Avneesh Chhabra MD, MBA

The Neuropathy Score Reporting and Data System (NS-RADS) is a newly developed MR imaging-based classification that standardizes reporting and multidisciplinary communication for MR imaging diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral neuropathies. NS-RADS classification has shown to be accurate and reliable across different centers, readers' experience levels, and degrees of peripheral neuropathies, which include nerve injury, entrapment, neoplasm, diffuse neuropathy, post-interventional status, and temporal changes in muscle denervation. This article brings a practical review of NS-RADS classification, representative MR cases, and a step-by-step tutorial on how to approach this staging system. Readers can gain knowledge and apply it in their practice, aiming to standardize the communications between specialties and improve patient management.

神经病评分报告和数据系统(NS-RADS)是一种新开发的基于MR成像的分类,它标准化了外周神经病MR成像诊断和随访的报告和多学科交流。NS-RADS分类在不同的中心、读者的经验水平和周围神经病变的程度上都是准确可靠的,包括神经损伤、卡压、肿瘤、弥漫性神经病变、介入后状态和肌肉去神经支配的时间变化。本文介绍了NS-RADS分类的实践综述、具有代表性的MR病例,以及如何使用该分期系统的分步教程。读者可以获得知识并将其应用于实践,旨在规范专业之间的交流,改善患者管理。
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引用次数: 0
2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional MR Imaging-Aid to Knee Preservation Surgery: Focus on Meniscus and Articular Cartilage 二维和三维磁共振成像辅助保膝手术:聚焦半月板和关节软骨
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.01.003
Atul K. Taneja , Avneesh Chhabra

With an increasing life expectancy of global human population, there is a growing demand for preservation of native articular meniscus and cartilage to delay joint arthroplasties, especially in younger and active patients. Since damage to the meniscus and hyaline cartilage of the knee have limited intrinsic capacity to heal, such lesions lead to premature and/or accelerated osteoarthritis. However, knee surgical treatments have evolved and may allow restoration of the natural anatomy, delay the progression of damage, and alter the biology of the meniscus and articular cartilage. The knee preservation surgery is aided by timely detection of such injuries and high-resolution illustration and characterization of the pathology using two-dimensional and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), made possible due to better MR scanner technology and related software improvements. This article reviews the current literature and authors’ experience with imaging concepts and high-resolution MR imaging techniques as they relate to management and planning for such restorative procedures. Relevant arthroscopy correlations have been illustrated.

随着全球人口预期寿命的延长,人们对保存天然关节半月板和软骨以延缓关节置换术的需求越来越大,尤其是在年轻和活跃的患者中。由于膝关节半月板和透明软骨的损伤固有的愈合能力有限,这种损伤会导致过早和/或加速骨关节炎。然而,膝关节手术治疗已经发展,可以恢复自然解剖结构,延缓损伤的进展,并改变半月板和关节软骨的生物学特性。膝关节保护手术有助于及时检测此类损伤,并使用二维和三维磁共振成像(MRI)对病理进行高分辨率说明和表征,这是由于更好的MR扫描仪技术和相关软件的改进而实现的。本文回顾了当前的文献和作者在成像概念和高分辨率MR成像技术方面的经验,因为它们与此类修复程序的管理和规划有关。相关的关节镜检查相关性已经说明。
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引用次数: 0
Three-Dimensional CT and 3D MRI of Hip- Important Aids to Hip Preservation Surgery 髋关节三维CT和三维MRI对保髋手术的重要辅助作用
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.018
Ajit Kohli MD , Shuda Xia BS , Joel E Wells MD, MPH , Avneesh Chhabra MD, MBA, FACR

Common hip internal derangements include femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) dysplasia, and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. These are initially screened by radiographs. For preoperative planning of hip preservation, 3-dimensional (3D) CT is commonly performed to assess bony anatomy and its alterations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to evaluate labrum, hyaline cartilage, tendons, synovium, and loose bodies, and provides vital information for surgical decision-making. However, conventional 2D MRI techniques are limited by lack of isotropic multiplanar reconstructions and partial volume artifacts. With advancements in hardware and software, novel isotropic 3D MR Proton Density images are acquired with acceptable acquisition times leading to improved visualization of soft tissue and osseous structures for various hip conditions. Three-Dimensional MRI allows multiplanar non-gap reconstructions along the structures of interest. It results in detection of small, otherwise inconspicuous labral tears without the need for MR arthrogram, which can be subsequently measured. In addition, radial reconstructions of the femoral head can be performed from original 3D volume MR imaging and CT imaging without the need for individual different plane acquisitions. Three-Dimensional MRI thus impacts surgical decision-making for the important common hip derangement conditions. For example, femoral head hyaline cartilage loss may make hip preservation difficult or impossible. In this review, we discuss the advantages and technical details of 3D CT and MRI and their significant role in aiding hip preservation surgery for common hip conditions. The conditions discussed in this article include FAI, DDH, AVN, synovial disorders, cartilaginous tumors, and hip fractures.

常见的髋关节内部紊乱包括股骨髋臼撞击(FAI)、发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)、股骨头缺血性坏死(AVN)。这些最初通过射线照片进行筛查。对于髋关节保存的术前计划,通常进行三维(3D)CT来评估骨解剖结构及其改变。磁共振成像(MRI)用于评估阴唇、透明软骨、肌腱、滑膜和疏松体,并为手术决策提供重要信息。然而,传统的2D MRI技术由于缺乏各向同性多平面重建和部分体积伪影而受到限制。随着硬件和软件的进步,新的各向同性3D MR质子密度图像以可接受的采集时间采集,从而改善了各种髋关节条件下软组织和骨结构的可视化。三维MRI允许沿着感兴趣的结构进行多平面非间隙重建。它可以检测到小的、原本不明显的唇撕裂,而无需进行MR关节造影,随后可以进行测量。此外,股骨头的径向重建可以根据原始的3D体积MR成像和CT成像进行,而不需要单独的不同平面采集。因此,三维MRI影响了重要的常见髋关节疾病的手术决策。例如,股骨头透明软骨的丢失可能会使髋关节的保存变得困难或不可能。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了3D CT和MRI的优势和技术细节,以及它们在帮助常见髋关节疾病的髋关节保留手术中的重要作用。本文讨论的疾病包括FAI、DDH、AVN、滑膜疾病、软骨肿瘤和髋部骨折。
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引用次数: 0
Anatomy and Biomechanics of Lower Extremity Tendons: Imaging Implications 下肢肌腱的解剖学和生物力学:影像学意义
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.020
Shruti Kumar , Shilpa Mohanan , Ahamed Lazim Vattoth , Gitanjali Bajaj , Tarun Pandey

A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics of muscle fibers and tendons is crucial to comprehend their functions. The orientation of tendon fibers plays a significant role in the pathologies that affect them and the resulting functional impairments. In this review, we provide detailed information on the origin, insertion, and fiber orientation of selected muscles and tendons, as well as their functional significance. To aid in comprehension, we have included illustrations depicting the anatomy and fiber orientation, as well as cross-sectional MR images that highlight important imaging features of normal anatomy and tears of select lower extremity tendons.

全面了解肌肉纤维和肌腱的解剖学和生物力学对于理解它们的功能至关重要。肌腱纤维的定向在影响它们的病理学和由此产生的功能损伤中起着重要作用。在这篇综述中,我们提供了关于选定肌肉和肌腱的起源、插入和纤维定向的详细信息,以及它们的功能意义。为了帮助理解,我们提供了描述解剖结构和纤维方向的插图,以及横断面MR图像,这些图像突出了正常解剖结构的重要成像特征和选定的下肢肌腱撕裂。
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引用次数: 0
Letter From the Guest Editors 客座编辑的来信
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.004
Gitanjali Bajaj MD, Tarun Pandey MD, FRCR
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引用次数: 0
Cruciate and Collateral Ligaments: 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional MR Imaging—Aid to Knee Preservation Surgery 交叉韧带和副韧带:二维和三维MR成像——对保膝手术的帮助
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.03.019
Gaurav Cheraya MD , Avneesh Chhabra MD, MBA

Being a major load-bearing and dynamic functional joint of the body, the knee joint is prone to injuries to the menisci and ligaments. Injury to one or more of these structures leads to accelerated or premature osteoarthritis and chronic debilitation. The estimated cost of these injuries in terms of diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and person-hours lost amounts to over a billion dollars annually. Understanding the relevant anatomy of knee cruciate and collateral ligaments, their biomechanical functional role, and imaging considerations are essential to assist multi-disciplinary communications and timely patient treatments for improved management. MRI is considered the gold standard over other imaging modalities like X-ray, ultrasound (US), and Computed Tomography (CT) for diagnosing and assessing such injuries. High-resolution 2D and 3D MRI are considerably helpful in planning for knee preservation surgery, and this article reviews the role of such imaging as a valuable aid to knee preservation surgery in pre-and post-operative states. Relevant arthroscopy correlations have been illustrated.

膝关节是人体主要的承重和动力功能性关节,容易发生半月板和韧带损伤。一个或多个这些结构的损伤会导致骨关节炎加速或过早发生以及慢性衰弱。这些损伤在诊断、治疗、康复和工时损失方面的估计成本每年超过10亿美元。了解膝交叉韧带和副韧带的相关解剖结构、它们的生物力学功能作用和成像考虑因素对于帮助多学科沟通和及时的患者治疗以改善管理至关重要。MRI被认为是诊断和评估此类损伤的金标准,而不是其他成像方式,如X射线、超声(US)和计算机断层扫描(CT)。高分辨率2D和3D MRI对膝关节保护手术的规划有很大帮助,本文综述了这种成像在膝关节保护术前和术后状态下的重要辅助作用。相关的关节镜检查相关性已经说明。
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引用次数: 0
Imaging of the Hip Prior to Replacement: What the Surgeon Wants to Know 髋关节置换术前的影像学:外科医生想知道的
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.02.001
Philip G. Colucci , Brian P. Chalmers , Theodore T. Miller

Total hip arthroplasty is an effective treatment for severe degenerative arthritis and is increasingly being used. Radiography is the primary modality for the initial diagnosis of osteoarthritis and preoperative planning. Additional radiographic views may include the spine and lower extremities in order to optimize implant positioning for the individual patient. Computed tomography is sometimes used for preoperative planning and intraoperative robotic assistance. Magnetic resonance imaging and diagnostic ultrasound is generally reserved for patients without obvious arthritis. Ultrasound-guided injections may provide diagnostic and/or therapeutic benefits.

全髋关节置换术是治疗严重退行性关节炎的有效方法,并且越来越多地被使用。放射学是骨关节炎的初步诊断和术前计划的主要方式。附加的射线照相视图可以包括脊柱和下肢,以便优化个体患者的植入物定位。计算机断层扫描有时用于术前计划和术中机器人辅助。磁共振成像和诊断超声通常保留给没有明显关节炎的患者。超声引导的注射可以提供诊断和/或治疗益处。
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引用次数: 0
Imaging Peripheral Nerve Injuries of the Lower Extremities: What Surgeons Need to Know 下肢周围神经损伤的影像学:外科医生需要知道的
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2023.04.001
Kimberly K. Amrami , Akriti Khanna , Matthew A. Frick , Robert J. Spinner

Peripheral nerve injury is a common sequela of lower extremity trauma. Injuries to lower extremity nerves range from contusions and stretch injuries that will often resolve without interventions to traumatic disruptions requiring surgical procedures, including neurolysis, repair or even nerve grafting. While clinical examination and tools such as electromyography will often help to localize the site of injury, imaging is a critical tool in determining the extent and degree of nerve injury in the setting of trauma. Modalities such as ultrasound and radiography are often useful, but MRI is considered the primary imaging modality for assessing the extent and degree of nerve injury. Specialized techniques such as MR neurography tailored to the needs of individual patients can provide important and detailed information in support of clinical decision making and presurgical planning. In this paper, we will review the anatomy of peripheral nerves of the lower extremity, mechanisms of injury affecting nerves and provide guidance for the use of MRI correlated with validated classification systems in assessing injuries affecting the nerves of the lower extremities.

周围神经损伤是下肢创伤的常见后遗症。下肢神经损伤包括挫伤和拉伸损伤,这些损伤通常不需要干预就能解决,也包括需要手术治疗的创伤性损伤,包括神经松解、修复甚至神经移植。虽然临床检查和肌电图等工具通常有助于定位损伤部位,但成像是确定创伤情况下神经损伤程度和程度的关键工具。超声和射线照相等方法通常是有用的,但MRI被认为是评估神经损伤程度和程度的主要成像方法。根据个别患者的需求量身定制的MR神经造影等专业技术可以提供重要而详细的信息,支持临床决策和术前计划。在这篇论文中,我们将回顾下肢周围神经的解剖结构、损伤影响神经的机制,并为使用与经验证的分类系统相关的MRI评估影响下肢神经的损伤提供指导。
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引用次数: 2
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