Science & Justice最新文献

英文中文

Proteomics in forensics: from source attribution to reconstruction of events 法医学中的蛋白质组学：从来源归因到事件重建

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101320

Shirin Alex , Thomas P. Shehata , Andreea Iris Gergely , Marcel de Puit

Proteomics has become an increasingly valuable tool in analytical sciences, including the field of forensic science. Initially introduced for body fluid identification, its applications have since expanded significantly. This literature review, spanning primarily over two decades (2004–2024), traces the steady evolution of proteomics within forensic science, with a particular focus on its potential for source attribution and event reconstruction. Here, we explore the potential of proteomics for what we refer to as “ultimate event reconstruction.” This reflects the dual role proteomics can play in forensic investigations, addressing early-stage questions related to source attribution, as well as later-stage questions concerning the reconstruction of events and timelines. To illustrate this potential, we highlight three case studies where proteomics has been successfully applied, while also briefly discussing the challenges encountered in implementing such a novel approach within a forensic framework. Additionally, we examine broader challenges that could hinder the adoption of proteomics in forensics, particularly those related to its relevance, complex data analysis, and the legal admissibility of proteomic evidence in court. We propose a set of guidelines aimed at preserving evidentiary integrity and supporting the responsible integration of proteomics into forensic practice. In conclusion, we emphasize that proteomics in forensic science should not be regarded as a standalone research discipline. Its true strength lies in how it can complement and integrate seamlessly with established disciplines such as genomics and toxicology to name a few, enhancing the depth and breadth of forensic trace analysis. Moreover, we highlight how proteomics can contribute to ultimate forensic reconstruction- not in isolation, but as part of a broader multimodal framework that integrates proteomics with techniques like DNA profiling, isotope analysis, and toxicological screening, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of forensic events.

蛋白质组学已经成为分析科学中越来越有价值的工具，包括法医学领域。最初引入体液鉴定，其应用已大大扩大。本文献综述主要跨越二十年（2004-2024），追溯了法医科学中蛋白质组学的稳定发展，特别关注其在来源归属和事件重建方面的潜力。在这里，我们探索蛋白质组学的潜力，我们称之为“最终事件重建”。这反映了蛋白质组学在法医调查中可以发挥的双重作用，解决与来源归属相关的早期问题，以及有关事件和时间线重建的后期问题。为了说明这一潜力，我们重点介绍了三个成功应用蛋白质组学的案例研究，同时也简要讨论了在法医框架内实施这种新方法所遇到的挑战。此外，我们还研究了可能阻碍在法医学中采用蛋白质组学的更广泛的挑战，特别是与蛋白质组学的相关性、复杂的数据分析和法庭上蛋白质组学证据的法律可采性有关的挑战。我们提出了一套指导方针，旨在保持证据的完整性，并支持负责任的蛋白质组学整合到法医实践。总之，我们强调，蛋白质组学在法医科学不应被视为一个独立的研究学科。它的真正优势在于如何与基因组学和毒理学等已建立的学科进行无缝补充和整合，从而增强法医痕迹分析的深度和广度。此外，我们强调蛋白质组学如何有助于最终的法医重建-不是孤立的，而是作为更广泛的多模式框架的一部分，将蛋白质组学与DNA分析，同位素分析和毒理学筛选等技术相结合，以提供对法医事件的更全面理解。

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引用次数: 0

Cause analysis of spontaneous combustion and self-detonation of homemade ammonium nitrate explosives 国产硝酸铵炸药自燃自爆原因分析

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101319

Yajun Li , Xianhe Deng , Zhanfang Liu , Jili Zheng , Guannan Zhang , Hongling Guo , Hongcheng Mei , Can Hu , Kui Wu , Jun Zhu

With the strict control of industrial explosives, the easy accessibility of raw materials and simple preparation methods have made homemade explosives (HMEs), especially ammonium nitrate (AN)-based HMEs, widely manufactured, sold, and used by criminals and terrorists. Fertilizers containing chemically modified AN are often employed to produce AN-HMEs. To enhance explosive power and sensitivity, criminals commonly add highly energetic substances such as potassium chlorate (KClO₃) to these fertilizers. However, due to the incompatibility of the added substances, spontaneous combustion and self-detonation often occur. The investigation of such spontaneous combustion and self-detonation is more difficult than that of explosions triggered by fire or flammable materials, as they typically arise naturally during storage without external heat source. The compositional analysis of explosive residues deposited at crime scenes is therefore of significant forensic value for subsequent crime reconstruction. Nevertheless, factors such as crystal phase, thermal properties, component compatibility in explosive mixtures, and the intermediates formed are often overlooked. In this study, an explosion during storage caused by AN-HMEs illegally mixed with KClO₃ was investigated. The composition of the explosive residues was analyzed, and simulated storage experiments were conducted under both open and closed conditions. The phase composition, thermal stability, and compatibility of the explosive mixtures in storage experiments were examined to elucidate the mechanisms of spontaneous combustion and self-detonation. Additionally, attempts were made to explain why the characteristic ClO₃⁻ ion added to the fertilizer was not detected in the residues. The results indicate that although AN and KClO₃ are thermodynamically stable individually, their mixture reduces the thermal stability of AN, revealing their incompatibility. It was demonstrated that under room temperature and closed storage conditions, AN and KClO₃ can form an unstable intermediate, ammonium chlorate (NH₄ClO₃). Subsequently, NH₄ClO₃ was synthesized, characterized, and its crystal structure analyzed via Rietveld refinement. NH₄ClO₃ decomposes at 58 °C, releasing heat that accumulates within the explosives and forms hot spots, thereby initiating detonation. Since the decomposition products are gaseous, ClO₃⁻ was not detected in the explosive residues.

随着对工业炸药的严格管制，由于原料易得、制备方法简单，自制炸药特别是硝酸铵类自制炸药被犯罪分子和恐怖分子广泛制造、销售和使用。含有化学改性硝铵的肥料常用于生产AN- hmes。为了提高爆炸威力和灵敏度，犯罪分子通常在这些肥料中加入高能量物质，如氯酸钾（KClO3）。然而，由于所添加物质的不相容性，经常发生自燃和自爆。这种自燃和自爆的研究比火灾或可燃材料引发的爆炸更困难，因为它们通常是在没有外部热源的储存过程中自然发生的。因此，对犯罪现场遗留爆炸物的成分分析对随后的犯罪重建具有重要的法医价值。然而，诸如晶相、热性能、炸药混合物中的组分相容性以及形成的中间体等因素往往被忽视。在本研究中，研究了an - hmes与KClO3非法混合引起的储存爆炸。分析了爆炸残留物的组成，并在开放和封闭条件下进行了模拟储存实验。在贮存实验中对炸药混合物的相组成、热稳定性和相容性进行了测试，以阐明自燃和自爆的机理。此外，试图解释为什么添加到肥料中的特征ClO3−离子没有在残留物中检测到。结果表明，尽管AN和KClO3单独具有热稳定性，但它们的混合降低了AN的热稳定性，显示出它们的不相容性。结果表明，在室温和密闭储存条件下，AN和KClO3可以形成不稳定的中间体氯酸铵（NH4ClO3）。随后，合成了NH4ClO3，对其进行了表征，并通过Rietveld细化分析了其晶体结构。NH4ClO3在58°C时分解，释放出在炸药内部积累的热量并形成热点，从而引发爆炸。由于分解产物为气态，在爆炸残留物中未检测到ClO3−。

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引用次数: 0

IFC: Editorial Board and IFC: Aims and Scope 国际金融公司：编辑委员会和国际金融公司：目标和范围

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(25)00106-6

引用次数: 0

BM2: Council Information BM2：理事会信息

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(25)00113-3

引用次数: 0

Latent fingermark recovery in a simulated café setting: an exploratory study of cyanoacrylate fuming on disposable nonporous plastic and semiporous paper cups 在模拟咖啡环境下的潜在手印恢复：对一次性无孔塑料和半孔纸杯氰基丙烯酸酯熏烟的探索性研究

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101311

Minhwan Jang

Latent fingermark recovery from beverage containers is an important aspect of forensic investigations, yet the influence of substrate properties and beverage temperatures on fingermark development remains understudied. This exploratory study assessed the development and quality of latent fingermarks on disposable beverage cups made of nonporous plastic and semiporous paper using cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming, under conditions approximating a typical café environment. A total of 255 cups (107 plastic, 148 paper) were collected after participants consumed hot and iced beverages in a controlled classroom setting. CA fuming was performed under standardized laboratory conditions, and developed prints were evaluated on a five-grade scale (Grade 1 = poor quality, Grade 5 = very good quality). Analyses revealed significantly more and higher-quality latent fingermarks on plastic cups compared with paper cups, with Grade 5 prints observed exclusively on plastic surfaces. Among plastic cups, transparent cups yielded more identifiable prints than translucent ones. These findings highlight the potential impact of porosity, surface texture, and handling behaviors on fingermark residue preservation and polymerization during CA fuming. This study underscores the effectiveness of plastic beverage cups as substrates for latent fingermark recovery with CA fuming, whereas semiporous paper cups may require different or enhanced development techniques. Repetitive gripping of hot beverage cups—intended to avoid burns—may mechanically disrupt residues or shorten handling times, thus reducing overall residue deposition. Limitations such as the relatively homogeneous participant pool, reliance on a single examiner for grading, and controlled environmental conditions should be addressed in future research. Nonetheless, this work offers insight into the forensic viability of common beverage containers and provides a foundation for further investigations in real café settings. Future studies are encouraged to expand participant diversity, explore varied environmental conditions, and compare alternative fingermark development methods to optimize practical applications and casework outcomes.

从饮料容器中提取潜在手印是法医调查的一个重要方面，但基质性质和饮料温度对手印形成的影响尚未得到充分研究。本探索性研究采用氰基丙烯酸酯（CA）熏烟法，在近似典型咖啡环境的条件下，评估了由无孔塑料和半孔纸制成的一次性饮料杯上潜在手印的发展和质量。参与者在受控的教室环境中喝下热饮和冰饮后，共收集了255个杯子（107个塑料杯，148个纸杯）。在标准化的实验室条件下进行CA熏烟，并对冲洗好的指纹进行5级评估（1级=质量差，5级=质量很好）。分析显示，与纸杯相比，塑料杯上的潜在手印更多、质量更高，5级指纹仅在塑料表面上观察到。在塑料杯中，透明杯比半透明杯产生更多可识别的指纹。这些发现强调了孔隙度、表面纹理和处理行为对CA烟熏过程中手印残留物保存和聚合的潜在影响。本研究强调了塑料饮料杯作为CA烟熏潜在手印回收基质的有效性，而半多孔纸杯可能需要不同或增强的开发技术。为了避免烫伤，反复握住热饮杯可能会机械地破坏残留物或缩短处理时间，从而减少总体残留物沉积。在未来的研究中，应该解决诸如相对同质的参与者池、依赖单一审查员评分以及受控的环境条件等限制。尽管如此，这项工作为普通饮料容器的法医可行性提供了见解，并为在真实的咖啡馆环境中进一步调查提供了基础。鼓励未来的研究扩大参与者的多样性，探索不同的环境条件，并比较不同的手印开发方法，以优化实际应用和案例工作成果。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Contacting surfaces are rarely DNA Free: Another look at transfer when both surfaces have DNA” [Sci. Justice 65(3) (2025) 101248] “接触表面很少是无DNA的：当两个表面都有DNA时，转移的另一种看法”的更正[Sci]。司法65(3)(2025)101248]

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101284

Georga Sallows , Duncan Taylor , Roland A.H. van Oorschot , Mariya Goray

引用次数: 0

BM1: Events Guide BM1：事件指南

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(25)00112-1

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Quantification of smokeless powder (SLP) additives on hands after direct handling of bulk samples via a filter-and-shoot method” [Sci. Justice (2025) 101262] “通过过滤-射击法直接处理散装样品后手上无烟粉末（SLP）添加剂的定量”的勘误表[Sci。司法（2025）101262]

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101282

Troy Standley , Carissa Putruele , Gwladys Lambert , Corin Kelly , Jana Liechti , Zara Redshaw , Nadia T. Stephaniuk , Nathalie Mai , Matteo D. Gallidabino

引用次数: 0

Prelim 3: Contents 前言3：内容

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1355-0306(25)00110-8

引用次数: 0

An evaluation of the ACE-V latent fingerprint examination process in the Indonesian National Police 评价ACE-V潜指纹检测过程在印尼国家警察

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Science & Justice

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101316

Saesario Putra , Ruth M. Morgan , Sherry Nakhaeizadeh

This study investigated the implementation of ACE-V (Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, and Verification) as the standard protocol for fingerprint examination in the Identification Centre of the Indonesian National Police. An online questionnaire-based survey was developed, and 71 Indonesian fingerprint examiners participated. The results showed significant variation in the sequential steps used during the examination process, suggesting the value of exploring more standardized procedures and improving transparency. The findings revealed considerable disparities in compliance with the ACE-V, with each participant adhering to a different sequence of processes during the examination. Several significant deviations from the ACE-V standard protocol were also identified. These included apparent oversights in the examination of discrepancies between the fingermark and reference print, the failure to assess the adequacy of the reference print, and the omission of analysis of distortion in the fingermark.

An absence of consensus was noted among examiners in this study when assessing suitability of fingermarks of moderate quality, which is consistent with the findings of other published studies. The data also indicate that the fingerprint examiner participants adjusted their confidence levels regarding the presence of minutiae in a fingermark after scrutinizing the reference print. These findings indicate the importance of improving detailed documentation of minutiae annotation during the analysis and comparison phase. It is suggested that to ensure that examiners are equipped with a comprehensive understanding of friction ridge skin characteristics and incorporating approaches to ensure the transparency and consistency of the examination process, current training and agency certification processes should be considered.

本研究调查了ACE-V（分析、比较、评估和验证）作为印度尼西亚国家警察鉴定中心指纹检测的标准方案的实施情况。开展了一项基于在线问卷的调查，有71名印度尼西亚指纹鉴定员参与了调查。结果显示，在审查过程中使用的顺序步骤存在显著差异，这表明探索更标准化的程序和提高透明度的价值。研究结果显示，在ACE-V的依从性方面存在相当大的差异，每个参与者在检查期间都遵循不同的过程顺序。还确定了与ACE-V标准协议的几个重大偏差。其中包括在检查手印和参考指纹之间的差异时明显疏忽，未能评估参考指纹的充分性，以及遗漏对手印失真的分析。在本研究中，在评估中等质量手印的适用性时，审查员之间缺乏共识，这与其他已发表的研究结果一致。数据还表明，指纹鉴定员参与者在仔细检查了参考指纹后，调整了他们对指纹中存在的细节的信心水平。这些发现表明了在分析和比较阶段改进细枝末节注释详细文档的重要性。建议，为了确保审查员对摩擦脊皮特性有全面的了解，并纳入确保考试过程透明度和一致性的方法，应考虑当前的培训和机构认证流程。

{"title":"An evaluation of the ACE-V latent fingerprint examination process in the Indonesian National Police","authors":"Saesario Putra , Ruth M. Morgan , Sherry Nakhaeizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scijus.2025.101316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the implementation of ACE-V (Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, and Verification) as the standard protocol for fingerprint examination in the Identification Centre of the Indonesian National Police. An online questionnaire-based survey was developed, and 71 Indonesian fingerprint examiners participated. The results showed significant variation in the sequential steps used during the examination process, suggesting the value of exploring more standardized procedures and improving transparency. The findings revealed considerable disparities in compliance with the ACE-V, with each participant adhering to a different sequence of processes during the examination. Several significant deviations from the ACE-V standard protocol were also identified. These included apparent oversights in the examination of discrepancies between the fingermark and reference print, the failure to assess the adequacy of the reference print, and the omission of analysis of distortion in the fingermark.</div><div>An absence of consensus was noted among examiners in this study when assessing suitability of fingermarks of moderate quality, which is consistent with the findings of other published studies. The data also indicate that the fingerprint examiner participants adjusted their confidence levels regarding the presence of minutiae in a fingermark after scrutinizing the reference print. These findings indicate the importance of improving detailed documentation of minutiae annotation during the analysis and comparison phase. It is suggested that to ensure that examiners are equipped with a comprehensive understanding of friction ridge skin characteristics and incorporating approaches to ensure the transparency and consistency of the examination process, current training and agency certification processes should be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49565,"journal":{"name":"Science & Justice","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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