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The Autumn-winter Response of Air Temperature to the Blocking Frequency in the Atlantic-Eurasian Sector 大西洋-欧亚板块秋冬季气温对阻塞频率的响应
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3103/s1068373923110018
O. Yu. Antokhina, P. N. Antokhin, O. S. Zorkal’tseva, Yu. V. Martynova, A. V. Gochakov, V. I. Mordvinov

Abstract

The changes in the response of air temperature to the variations in the instantaneous blocking frequency (IBF) ((mathrm{GHGS} > 0)) between the periods 1979–1999 and 2000–2020 are studied. Blocking patterns, which are the spatial distributions of the coefficients of correlation between the IBF and the 1000 hPa temperature field, are used as the main characteristic. The blocking frequency is calculated in ten longitudinal sectors in the eastern direction from the west of the North Atlantic region to the eastern borders of Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. It is found that blocking patterns moved northward over the Atlantic region (November, December, and February), the Ural region and Siberia (November, January, and February) in 2000–2020. In addition, they were characterized by more pronounced areas of negative correlations over Eurasia and North America as compared to 1979–1999. Along with the pronounced correlation pattern of the Atlantic region, the patterns of the Ural region and Western Siberia (U-WS) proved to be the most significant. It is assumed that the IBF variability over the U-WS sector is an important indicator of the development of the most significant blocking processes over Eurasia in terms of the temperature regime anomalies. The influence of U-WS blockings was the least noticeable in 2000–2020 for December and in 1979–1999 for January, when the response of the temperature field to the blocking changes was similar to the response of the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation.

摘要 研究了1979-1999年和2000-2020年期间气温对瞬时阻塞频率(IBF)((mathrm{GHGS} >0))变化的响应变化。阻塞模式是 IBF 与 1000 hPa 温度场之间相关系数的空间分布,被用作主要特征。计算了从北大西洋地区西部到西伯利亚和太平洋东部边界的东部方向十个纵向扇形的阻塞频率。结果发现,在 2000-2020 年间,阻塞模式在大西洋地区(11 月、12 月和 2 月)、乌拉尔地区和西伯利亚地区(11 月、1 月和 2 月)向北移动。此外,与 1979-1999 年相比,欧亚大陆和北美洲上空的负相关区域更为明显。除了大西洋地区的明显相关模式外,乌拉尔地区和西西伯利亚西部(U-WS)的模式被证明是最重要的。据推测,就温度机制异常而言,U-WS 地区的 IBF 变率是欧亚大陆上空最重要的阻塞过程发展的一个重要指标。在 2000-2020 年的 12 月和 1979-1999 年的 1 月,U-WS 阻塞的影响最不明显,当时温度场对阻塞变化的响应与北大西洋涛动负相的响应相似。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling the Northern Caspian Sea Ice Cover in Extreme Seasons 极端季节里海北部冰盖建模
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3103/s1068373923110079
E. S. Nesterov, V. D. Zhupanov, A. V. Fedorenko

Abstract

Based on the CICE model, the characteristics of the ice cover in the Northern Caspian Sea were simulated during the extreme ice seasons of 2011/2012 (long and cold) and 2015/2016 (short and warm). The characteristics of these seasons (length, frost degree-days, sea ice extent, maximum ice thickness) are given. Composite anomalies of surface air pressure and air temperature were constructed for the Northern Caspian region. Based on the JRA-55 reanalysis data, the concentration and thickness of sea ice were calculated. A comparison of the simulation results with observational data showed that the main differences in ice conditions in these seasons are reproduced satisfactorily.

摘要基于 CICE 模型,模拟了 2011/2012 年(长而冷)和 2015/2016 年(短而暖)极端冰季期间北里海的冰盖特征。给出了这些季节的特征(长度、霜冻度日、海冰范围、最大冰厚)。构建了北里海地区的地面气压和气温综合异常。根据 JRA-55 再分析数据,计算了海冰的浓度和厚度。模拟结果与观测数据的比较表明,这些季节冰情的主要差异得到了令人满意的再现。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Tropospheric and Stratospheric Circulation Conditions That Contributed to the Formation of Cold Waves in the Northwest and Center of European Russia in December 2021 有助于 2021 年 12 月在欧洲俄罗斯西北部和中部形成寒潮的对流层和平流层环流条件分析
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3103/s106837392311002x
K. A. Sumerova, P. N. Vargin, A. N. Lukyanov, V. M. Khan

Abstract

The peculiarities of the troposphere and stratosphere dynamic processes that accompanied cooling events (cold waves) with a duration of more than a week in the northwest of European Russia (on the example of St. Petersburg) and in its north and center (on the example of Moscow) in early and late December 2021, respectively, are analyzed using reanalysis data, station observations, and trajectory modeling. In both cases the daily temperatures dropped below −10°C, and cold waves were accompanied by the air mass transport from the northeast

摘要 利用再分析数据、观测站观测数据和轨迹建模,分析了 2021 年 12 月初和 12 月末分别在欧洲俄罗斯西北部(以圣彼得堡为例)及其北部和中部(以莫斯科为例)伴随持续时间超过一周的降温事件(寒潮)的对流层和平流层动态过程的特殊性。在这两种情况下,日气温都降到了-10°C 以下,寒潮伴随着来自东北部的气团输送。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term Changes in the Wind Regime in the Northwestern Caspian Sea 里海西北部风向的长期变化
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3103/s1068373923110080
I. V. Gontovaya, E. V. Gavrilova, V. O. Tatarnikov, M. A. Ocheretnyi

Abstract

In recent years, much attention has been paid to climate change issues. Regional climate change can be manifested in the changes in the main climate-forming factors, including wind. Studying the climatic characteristics of wind over the Caspian Sea is considered the most important task, since wind affects the variability of currents, the formation of hydrological and hydrochemical processes, and the information about the wind regime is necessary for the operation of marine organizations, the specifics of which is the dependence of all stationary and mobile objects in the sea on hydrometeorological conditions. The paper presents the analysis of the frequency of wind directions and wind speeds for individual months, seasons, years, and different gradations of wind speed. For the climatic characteristics of wind speed for consecutive 30-year periods, the comparative analysis of changes in climatological normals is carried out, and wind characteristic deviations relative to the standard reference period are revealed.

摘要 近年来,气候变化问题备受关注。区域气候变化可表现为包括风在内的主要气候形成因素的变化。研究里海风的气候特征被认为是最重要的任务,因为风会影响海流的变化、水文和水化学过程的形成,而且有关风向的信息对海洋组织的运行是必要的,其具体表现是海洋中所有静止和移动物体对水文气象条件的依赖。本文分析了各个月份、季节、年份以及不同风速等级的风向和风速频率。对于连续 30 年的风速气候特征,进行了气候学常模变化的对比分析,并揭示了相对于标准参照期的风速特征偏差。
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引用次数: 0
Intraannual Variability of the Cyclonic Circulation of Water in the Middle Caspian Sea 中里海水循环的年内变率
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3103/s1068373923110067
A. K. Ambrosimov

Abstract

Hydrophysical studies in 2004–2018 showed that the cyclonic gyre of the Middle Caspian Sea is not a year-round circulation. In the cold season, the current in the cyclonic gyre intensifies, while in the warm season, the circulation weakens and the directed current turns into a drift one, except for the western part, where the water is transferred from the Middle Caspian to the southern part of the sea due to the difference in the levels of the basins. It is shown that the current in the cyclonic circulation follows the contour above the slope of the Derbent Basin in the entire layer from the surface to the bottom. The seasonal boundaries of the annual intensification and weakening of the cyclonic circulation are revealed.

摘要 2004-2018 年的水文物理研究表明,里海中部的旋涡并非全年环流。在寒冷季节,旋涡中的水流增强,而在温暖季节,环流减弱,定向水流变为漂流水流,但西部除外,由于盆地水位的差异,海水从中里海转移到南部海域。研究表明,气旋环流中的水流在从海面到海底的整个层中都沿着德尔本特盆地斜坡上方的等高线流动。揭示了气旋环流每年增强和减弱的季节界限。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Study of the Arctic Oscillation Impact on the Atmospheric Blocking Characteristics 北极涛动对大气阻塞特性影响的数值研究
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3103/s1068373923110031
I. V. Borovko, V. S. Gradov, G. A. Platov, V. N. Krupchatnikov

Abstract

Atmospheric blocking is the most common cause of extreme weather conditions. In the present paper, model data are used to investigate the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation index and the characteristics of atmospheric blocking. The dependence of the duration and intensity of blocking on the index (or phase) of the principal mode during its initial period is estimated. A typical blocking episode is considered, and it is shown that increased values of integral regional enstrophy can be an indicator of the change in the dynamic regime.

摘要 大气阻塞是造成极端天气的最常见原因。本文利用模式数据研究了北极涛动指数与大气阻塞特征之间的关系。本文估算了阻塞持续时间和强度与阻塞初期主模式指数(或相位)的关系。考虑了一个典型的阻塞事件,结果表明,区域熵积分值的增加可以作为动态机制变化的指标。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal Features of the Changes in the Frequency of Severe Weather Events in Russian Regions over the Past Decades 过去几十年俄罗斯各地区恶劣天气事件频率变化的季节特征
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.3103/s1068373923110043
I. I. Mokhov

Abstract

The changes in the frequency of severe weather events and their seasonal features in Russian regions are analyzed using the data for 1998–2021. More than 2/5 of severe weather events are observed in summer, which is also characterized by the greatest increase in the frequency in the recent decades: by almost 1.5 times, with an increase of 1 K in the Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature. The frequency of extreme events also significantly increases in spring, while the minimum relative increase was found for winter. Significant changes have been identified: in the recent years, there has been at least one severe weather event per day averagely and two to three such events per day in summer. Correlation of the detected trends (in particular, a more significant increase in the frequency of severe weather events in summer months) with the changes in the temperature stratification and moisture capacity of the atmosphere and the intensification of convective processes in the atmosphere under warming has been found. Against the background of the general increasing trend in the frequency of extreme weather events, some features associated with key modes of climate variability (these peculiarities are manifested, in particular, in the atmospheric blocking patterns) are noted in the recent decades.

摘要 利用 1998-2021 年的数据分析了俄罗斯各地区恶劣天气事件发生频率的变化及其季节特征。超过五分之二的恶劣天气事件发生在夏季,这也是近几十年来发生频率增加最多的季节:增加了近 1.5 倍,北半球地表气温增加了 1 K。春季发生极端事件的频率也显著增加,而冬季的相对增幅最小。已发现的显著变化是:近年来,平均每天至少发生一次恶劣天气事件,夏季每天发生两到三次。所发现的趋势(特别是夏季恶劣天气事件频率的显著增加)与大气温度分层和湿度能力的变化以及大气对流过程在气候变暖情况下的加强有关。在极端天气事件发生频率呈总体上升趋势的背景下,人们注意到近几十年来与气候变异的关键模式有关的一些特征(这些特殊性尤其表现在大气阻塞模式上)。
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引用次数: 0
Aerial Radiation Reconnaissance with Unknown Isotopic Composition of Contamination and Changing Meteorological Parameters 在污染同位素组成未知和气象参数不断变化的情况下进行空中辐射侦察
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3103/s1068373923100114
D. A. Kozhevnikov, I. E. Novikov

Abstract

The influence of meteorological conditions and the initial energy of gamma quanta on the results of the aerial radiation reconnaissance of a radioactively contaminated area is considered. The statistical distribution of atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and air moisture content is analyzed. Based on the results of mathematical simulations, the values of the coefficients inversely proportional to a decrease in the gamma radiation absorbed dose rate caused by the air layer between a flight level and an analyzed point on the ground were calculated for the aviation survey of a radioactively contaminated area with an initial energy of gamma quanta ranging from 50 to 3000 keV and an air density ranging from 0.9 to 1.7 kg/m3. It is shown that it is necessary to take into account the meteorological parameters and the energy composition of gamma radiation when performing an aerial radiation survey of an area.

摘要 研究了气象条件和伽马量子初始能量对放射性污染区空中辐射侦察结果的影响。分析了大气压力、空气温度和空气含水量的统计分布。根据数学模拟结果,计算了在伽马量子初始能量为 50 至 3000 千伏安,空气密度为 0.9 至 1.7 千克/立方米的情况下,对放射性污染区进行航空勘测时,飞行高度和地面分析点之间的空气层造成的伽马辐射吸收剂量率下降成反比的系数值。结果表明,在对一个地区进行航空辐射测量时,有必要考虑气象参数和伽马辐射的能量组成。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Agrometeorological Factors on the Productivity of Grain Crops in the Municipal Regions of the Saratov Oblast 农业气象因素对萨拉托夫州市辖区粮食作物产量的影响
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3103/s1068373923100047
E. I. Ormeli, S. I. Pryakhina, N. M. Tsetva, I. S. Tsetva, I. V. Milovanov

Abstract

The paper presents the results of studying the influence of modern agrometeorological conditions on the yield of different groups of grain crops in the municipal districts of the Saratov oblast. The climatic trends of the recent two decades are analyzed for five weather stations (Khvalynsk, Balashov, Saratov, Ershov, and Aleksandrov Gai). For the Saratov weather station, a longer period (1941–2022) is analyzed. There is an increase in the heat availability and aridity of the territory. The analysis of the dynamics of the crop yield distribution and variability has shown that the most favorable conditions of crop cultivation are formed in the Balashov municipal district. Operational forecast models of the maximum and minimum productivity of winter wheat are developed, which makes it possible to predict a yield with a monthly lead time.

摘要 本文介绍了研究现代农业气象条件对萨拉托夫州市辖区不同类别粮食作物产量影响的结果。本文分析了五个气象站(Khvalynsk、Balashov、Saratov、Ershov 和 Aleksandrov Gai)最近二十年的气候趋势。对萨拉托夫气象站进行了较长时间(1941-2022 年)的分析。该地区的热量供应和干旱程度有所增加。对农作物产量分布和变化动态的分析表明,巴拉绍夫市辖区形成了最有利的农作物种植条件。开发了冬小麦最高和最低产量的业务预测模型,从而可以预测每月的产量。
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引用次数: 0
Algebraic Algorithm for Statistical Estimation of the Binomial Distribution Parameter and an Example of Its Application in a Global Geoinformation Task of Applied Climatology 二项分布参数统计估算的代数算法及其在应用气候学全球地理信息任务中的应用实例
IF 0.7 4区 地球科学 Q3 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3103/s1068373923100023
N. Yu. Dobrolyubov, S. M. Semenov, E. M. Volodin, A. Yu. Bogdanovich

Abstract

The binomial distribution is often used in modeling, including in applied climatology, when assessing the likelihood of adverse or dangerous climate-related impacts. The article outlines an algebraic algorithm for obtaining such estimates based on climate monitoring data or modeling data. Using only algebraic operations in calculations minimizes calculation time, which is important when performing detailed global assessments. As an example of such a calculation, the result of an assessment of the global climatic range of a dangerous insect pest of forest and garden trees and shrubs, the gypsy moth, is given.

摘要二项分布经常用于建模,包括应用气候学中评估与气候有关的不利或危险影响的可能性。文章概述了根据气候监测数据或建模数据获取此类估计值的代数算法。在计算中只使用代数运算可最大限度地缩短计算时间,这在进行详细的全球评估时非常重要。作为这种计算的一个例子,文章给出了对森林和花园树木及灌木的一种危险害虫--吉普赛蛾--的全球气候范围的评估结果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Russian Meteorology and Hydrology
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