Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a key crop for global food security. Therefore, under actual climatic changes, it is important to search for genotypes with steady characteristics in contrasting weather conditions. The aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between the development of the biomass and the number, respectively the weight of the tubers in order to introduce into the breeding program new genotypes, future varieties, with increased adaptability to environmental factors. The paper presents the results of a field study conducted to NIRDPSB Braşov, Romania, between 2021-2022, to evaluate some agronomic traits in potato genotpyes. A total of 15 potato genotypes (1901/6, 1930/3, 1901/12, 1927/1, 1897/2, 1979/5, 1891/1, 1927/3, 1901/11, 1941/8, 1895/4, 19-1876/7, 1939/2, 21-1895/1, 21-1901/7) along with one commercial cultivar (Braşovia) were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was recorded on plant height, main stem number per plant, tuber number and weight per plant and total tuber yield. Significantly positive phenotypic correlations for the height and mass of the plants were observed to the both determinations in the both years (r=0.90175, r=0.889, r=0.54505, r=0.562). The number and the weight of tubers were in an evolutionary process during the two experimental years. Genotypes 21-1901/7 (45.55 t/ha in 2021 and 34.17 t/ha in 2022) and 1939/2 (47.93 t/ha in 2021, respectively, 30.70 t/ha in 2022) recorded significantly high productions and even in the extreme conditions of 2022 maintained their high production capacity. The present findings show the existence of proper genetic variability and divergence among traits, and the identified traits can be used in a potato improvement program.
{"title":"Correlations Between Genetic Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Some Genotypes in the Selection Process of New Potato Varieties","authors":"M. Hermeziu, S. Nițu, R. Hermeziu","doi":"10.59665/rar4014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4014","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a key crop for global food security. Therefore, under actual climatic changes, it is important to search for genotypes with steady characteristics in contrasting weather conditions. The aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between the development of the biomass and the number, respectively the weight of the tubers in order to introduce into the breeding program new genotypes, future varieties, with increased adaptability to environmental factors. The paper presents the results of a field study conducted to NIRDPSB Braşov, Romania, between 2021-2022, to evaluate some agronomic traits in potato genotpyes. A total of 15 potato genotypes (1901/6, 1930/3, 1901/12, 1927/1, 1897/2, 1979/5, 1891/1, 1927/3, 1901/11, 1941/8, 1895/4, 19-1876/7, 1939/2, 21-1895/1, 21-1901/7) along with one commercial cultivar (Braşovia) were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was recorded on plant height, main stem number per plant, tuber number and weight per plant and total tuber yield. Significantly positive phenotypic correlations for the height and mass of the plants were observed to the both determinations in the both years (r=0.90175, r=0.889, r=0.54505, r=0.562). The number and the weight of tubers were in an evolutionary process during the two experimental years. Genotypes 21-1901/7 (45.55 t/ha in 2021 and 34.17 t/ha in 2022) and 1939/2 (47.93 t/ha in 2021, respectively, 30.70 t/ha in 2022) recorded significantly high productions and even in the extreme conditions of 2022 maintained their high production capacity. The present findings show the existence of proper genetic variability and divergence among traits, and the identified traits can be used in a potato improvement program.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to determine the effect of different soil tillage methods, phosphorus levels and bacteries on the yield and yield components in chickpea under Muğla/Turkey conditions in 2017 and 2018. Chickpea variety Inci was used as materials in this study. The study was conducted at split-split plot design with the three replication. Soil tillage methods was in main plots, phosphorus doses in subplots and bacteria application in sub-sub plots. According to finding of this study, reduced tillage system for chickpea production was the most efficient tool for obtaining the high yield performance. It is seen that phosphorus fertilizer applications cause an increase in yield in chickpea. In general, the application of rhizobia and phosphate solubilizing bacteria separately supported the yield increase in the plant. As a result, only rhizobia application, 60 kg ha-1 P2O5 and reduced tillage gave the highest yield.
本研究旨在确定2017年和2018年Muğla/Turkey条件下不同土壤耕作方式、磷水平和细菌对鹰嘴豆产量及产量组成的影响。本研究以鹰嘴豆品种Inci为材料。本研究采用裂-裂试验设计，三次重复。土壤耕作方式为主样地施磷，次样地施菌。根据本研究结果，鹰嘴豆生产的免耕制度是获得高产性能的最有效工具。可见，施用磷肥可提高鹰嘴豆的产量。总体而言，分别施用根瘤菌和增磷菌有利于植株增产。结果表明，只有施用根瘤菌、60 kg ha-1 P2O5和减少耕作才能获得最高产量。
{"title":"Effects of Different Soil Tillage Methods, Phosphorus Fertilizer Doses and Bacteria Inoculation on Yield and Yield Components in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)","authors":"Afife Sinem Uyeturk, N. Kayan, Necat Togay","doi":"10.59665/rar4030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4030","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the effect of different soil tillage methods, phosphorus levels and bacteries on the yield and yield components in chickpea under Muğla/Turkey conditions in 2017 and 2018. Chickpea variety Inci was used as materials in this study. The study was conducted at split-split plot design with the three replication. Soil tillage methods was in main plots, phosphorus doses in subplots and bacteria application in sub-sub plots. According to finding of this study, reduced tillage system for chickpea production was the most efficient tool for obtaining the high yield performance. It is seen that phosphorus fertilizer applications cause an increase in yield in chickpea. In general, the application of rhizobia and phosphate solubilizing bacteria separately supported the yield increase in the plant. As a result, only rhizobia application, 60 kg ha-1 P2O5 and reduced tillage gave the highest yield.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"39 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tărău, F. Mureșanu, A. Vălean, F. Russu, L. Șopterean, F. Chețan, Loredana Suciu, C. Urdǎ
The abundance and dynamics of pests in maize crop are influenced by the tillage system. The research has been done at Research and Development Station for Agriculture Turda (RDSA Turda) in order to estimation the insect populations in conventional tillage (plowing) and minimum tillage system (with chisel variant). The research consisted of observations and determinations on the monitoring, abundance and dynamics of the most common species pests of maize crop: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, Autographa gamma L. and Agrotis segetum Den. & Schiff. The pests monitoring, with economically importance for maize crop was evaluated using F-1 pheromone traps, with synthetic sex pheromones (atraGAM- 9, atraSEG-21 and atraVIRG). By minimizing the tillage, there has been an increase in the pest population, especially in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. An almost perfect synchronization of the first generation with the optimal threshold of specific temperatures for insect biology was observed in the three monitored species. This meens even if, these mechanisms were formed over the course of evolution exist a permanent adaptations of insects to climate changes.
{"title":"Influence of Different Tillage Systems on Abundance and Dynamics of Pests in Maize Crop","authors":"A. Tărău, F. Mureșanu, A. Vălean, F. Russu, L. Șopterean, F. Chețan, Loredana Suciu, C. Urdǎ","doi":"10.59665/rar4048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4048","url":null,"abstract":"The abundance and dynamics of pests in maize crop are influenced by the tillage system. The research has been done at Research and Development Station for Agriculture Turda (RDSA Turda) in order to estimation the insect populations in conventional tillage (plowing) and minimum tillage system (with chisel variant). The research consisted of observations and determinations on the monitoring, abundance and dynamics of the most common species pests of maize crop: Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, Autographa gamma L. and Agrotis segetum Den. & Schiff. The pests monitoring, with economically importance for maize crop was evaluated using F-1 pheromone traps, with synthetic sex pheromones (atraGAM- 9, atraSEG-21 and atraVIRG). By minimizing the tillage, there has been an increase in the pest population, especially in Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. An almost perfect synchronization of the first generation with the optimal threshold of specific temperatures for insect biology was observed in the three monitored species. This meens even if, these mechanisms were formed over the course of evolution exist a permanent adaptations of insects to climate changes.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Rodino, M. Buțu, A. Buțu, C. Lazăr, Laurențiu Ciornei, P. Simion
Agriculture plays a crucial role in Romania's economy, a fact that accelerates the search for ways to maximize production yield and profit. The aim of the paper is to study the characteristics of the transformation of agriculture in the context of digitization. Research methods include scientific and theoretical approaches to assess the state of agriculture and its potential in the context of digitization, such as system and situation analysis. The current stage of agricultural development is characterized by a significant transformation of management and production processes due to the introduction of digital technologies. The experience has convincingly shown that the traditional forms of development of agricultural production have practically exhausted themselves. In the new conditions of financial and economic activity, the scientific and technological progress becomes decisive. In agriculture, the digital transformation has a significant impact on material and human resources, increases the productivity of crops, improves the quality of agricultural and livestock products. The digitization of agriculture is extremely important, because it is a source of agricultural economic growth and can become a strong incentive for the innovative development of the sector. Investments in the development of digital infrastructure in rural areas can improve the living conditions of the rural population, with local authorities solving more efficiently the problems within their competence. Also, the digitalization of agriculture will promote the development of small farms in rural areas and contribute to the diversification of the rural economy.
{"title":"Challenges of Digital Transformation in Agriculture from Romania","authors":"S. Rodino, M. Buțu, A. Buțu, C. Lazăr, Laurențiu Ciornei, P. Simion","doi":"10.59665/rar4066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4066","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture plays a crucial role in Romania's economy, a fact that accelerates the search for ways to maximize production yield and profit. The aim of the paper is to study the characteristics of the transformation of agriculture in the context of digitization. Research methods include scientific and theoretical approaches to assess the state of agriculture and its potential in the context of digitization, such as system and situation analysis. The current stage of agricultural development is characterized by a significant transformation of management and production processes due to the introduction of digital technologies. The experience has convincingly shown that the traditional forms of development of agricultural production have practically exhausted themselves. In the new conditions of financial and economic activity, the scientific and technological progress becomes decisive. In agriculture, the digital transformation has a significant impact on material and human resources, increases the productivity of crops, improves the quality of agricultural and livestock products. The digitization of agriculture is extremely important, because it is a source of agricultural economic growth and can become a strong incentive for the innovative development of the sector. Investments in the development of digital infrastructure in rural areas can improve the living conditions of the rural population, with local authorities solving more efficiently the problems within their competence. Also, the digitalization of agriculture will promote the development of small farms in rural areas and contribute to the diversification of the rural economy.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71124283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soybean is an important source of plant protein used in human diets. Cadmium (Cd) from agricultural soil is a toxic metal for plants, including soybean. Furthermore, the cadmium is taken up to seeds of soybean and becomes a risk for animals and human by feed and food chain. A method to avoid this risk is represented by the selection and breeding soybean lines/cultivars with genetic potential to minimized cadmium accumulation. This work reports an approach assisted by DNA-markers for selection of soybean cultivars with low Cd-accumulation. In this study, we screened the alleles of Cda1 gene, in 22 soybean cultivars, using three DNA markers (SSR-Sack149, Gm-dCAPS-HMA1 and Cda1-KASP). The results showed that 11 genotypes carried the allele for low cadmium accumulation, 8 genotypes had the allele for high cadmium accumulation and three genotypes were heterozygous/heterogenous. All three markers classified the soybean genotypes in the same manner but KASP marker is more efficient in marker-assisted selection/breeding for Cda1. This study offers valuable information to breeders and other researches regarding the selection of soybean germplasm with low cadmium accumulation in the pursuit of reducing the Cd-accumulation and assuring the food safety worldwide.
{"title":"Screening Soybean Germplasm for Presence of Cda1 Allele Involved in Low Cadmium Accumulation Using Molecular Markers","authors":"M. Ciucă, D. Cristina, V. Petcu, I. Toncea","doi":"10.59665/rar4002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4002","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is an important source of plant protein used in human diets. Cadmium (Cd) from agricultural soil is a toxic metal for plants, including soybean. Furthermore, the cadmium is taken up to seeds of soybean and becomes a risk for animals and human by feed and food chain. A method to avoid this risk is represented by the selection and breeding soybean lines/cultivars with genetic potential to minimized cadmium accumulation. This work reports an approach assisted by DNA-markers for selection of soybean cultivars with low Cd-accumulation. In this study, we screened the alleles of Cda1 gene, in 22 soybean cultivars, using three DNA markers (SSR-Sack149, Gm-dCAPS-HMA1 and Cda1-KASP). The results showed that 11 genotypes carried the allele for low cadmium accumulation, 8 genotypes had the allele for high cadmium accumulation and three genotypes were heterozygous/heterogenous. All three markers classified the soybean genotypes in the same manner but KASP marker is more efficient in marker-assisted selection/breeding for Cda1. This study offers valuable information to breeders and other researches regarding the selection of soybean germplasm with low cadmium accumulation in the pursuit of reducing the Cd-accumulation and assuring the food safety worldwide.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheat is one of the products with the widest cultivation area and adaptation ability in the world. Although the heritability of the variety is important in grain yield, the environment and genotype x environment interaction is significantly effective. This study was carried out in 6 different environments. According to the Additive Main Effect and Multiplication Interaction (AMMI) model; genotype, environment and genotype x environment interaction were found to be effective on grain yield, respectively, by 9.40%, 56.79% and 16.28%. It has been determined that, there is a positive relationship between grain yield and the number of spike per square meter and the number of grain in each spike. In the study, 3 mega environments were formed. G19 in the first mega environment, G13 in the second mega environment and G21, G22 in the third mega environment came to the fore. G9, G13 and G19 were seen as hopeful lines in the grain yield. Also, E5 was the ideal environment and, G19 had the highest adaptability and grain yield. It has been concluded that G19 may be a candidate for variety because genotypes that are stable in different environmental conditions are preferred by the producers.
{"title":"Assessment of Bread Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) with GGE Biplot and AMMI Model in Multiple Environments","authors":"M. Karaman, S. Bayram, Evrim Şatana","doi":"10.59665/rar4018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4018","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is one of the products with the widest cultivation area and adaptation ability in the world. Although the heritability of the variety is important in grain yield, the environment and genotype x environment interaction is significantly effective. This study was carried out in 6 different environments. According to the Additive Main Effect and Multiplication Interaction (AMMI) model; genotype, environment and genotype x environment interaction were found to be effective on grain yield, respectively, by 9.40%, 56.79% and 16.28%. It has been determined that, there is a positive relationship between grain yield and the number of spike per square meter and the number of grain in each spike. In the study, 3 mega environments were formed. G19 in the first mega environment, G13 in the second mega environment and G21, G22 in the third mega environment came to the fore. G9, G13 and G19 were seen as hopeful lines in the grain yield. Also, E5 was the ideal environment and, G19 had the highest adaptability and grain yield. It has been concluded that G19 may be a candidate for variety because genotypes that are stable in different environmental conditions are preferred by the producers.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical fertilizers have been for a long time similar to the original ones created in the 1960’s, only recently with the increase emphasis on environmental impact, and the need to reduce quantities of fertilizers used, we have seen the introduction of slow-release and controlled release fertilizers from small surface high value crops towards large field crop production. Side-dressing N fertilizers in maize crops has been a standard in Europe for more than 50 years and thus still has a wide rate of adoption in farms, as it has been the easiest option to apply nitrogen closer to the maximum consumption point, which starts after the plant reaches 8 leaves stage (BBCH-18). Thus, our research has focused on studying the impact of using different rates of nitrogen (40, 80 and 120 kg/ha) of the new release types of fertilizers (Urea NG, Multicote 34-0-7) side-dressing and to establish if there is any benefit, in hybrid seed maize production, of substituting classical fertilizers (ammonium nitrate) with newer ones. The study has been conducted for 3 years in irrigated field research plots in the soil and climatic conditions from north-east of Romania. Our research has revealed several key aspects in terms of the effect on vegetative and generative development of hybrid seed maize plants: longer vegetation period for plants fertilized with slow and controlled release fertilizers, better use of the nitrogen from classical fertilizers as their availability for uptake overlaps with the needs of the plant starting from the side-dress moment. Other aspects evidentiated are reduction in quantity of fertilizer needed, thus economic benefits and similar yield with classical nitrogen fertilizer dressing.
{"title":"The Effects of Side-Dressing Different Rates and Release Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Hybrid Seed Maize Production","authors":"Lucian-Constantin Haraga, V. Ion","doi":"10.59665/rar4040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4040","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical fertilizers have been for a long time similar to the original ones created in the 1960’s, only recently with the increase emphasis on environmental impact, and the need to reduce quantities of fertilizers used, we have seen the introduction of slow-release and controlled release fertilizers from small surface high value crops towards large field crop production. Side-dressing N fertilizers in maize crops has been a standard in Europe for more than 50 years and thus still has a wide rate of adoption in farms, as it has been the easiest option to apply nitrogen closer to the maximum consumption point, which starts after the plant reaches 8 leaves stage (BBCH-18). Thus, our research has focused on studying the impact of using different rates of nitrogen (40, 80 and 120 kg/ha) of the new release types of fertilizers (Urea NG, Multicote 34-0-7) side-dressing and to establish if there is any benefit, in hybrid seed maize production, of substituting classical fertilizers (ammonium nitrate) with newer ones. The study has been conducted for 3 years in irrigated field research plots in the soil and climatic conditions from north-east of Romania. Our research has revealed several key aspects in terms of the effect on vegetative and generative development of hybrid seed maize plants: longer vegetation period for plants fertilized with slow and controlled release fertilizers, better use of the nitrogen from classical fertilizers as their availability for uptake overlaps with the needs of the plant starting from the side-dress moment. Other aspects evidentiated are reduction in quantity of fertilizer needed, thus economic benefits and similar yield with classical nitrogen fertilizer dressing.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Naie, L. Popa, Oana Mîrzan, Maria-Diana Bărcan, A. Leonte, G. Matei, M. Stavarache, Simona Dumitriu, Cristian-Sorin Gavrilă, Bogdan Mîrzan
The study of temporary meadows is of particular scientific importance, because they make possible the edification and characterization of some essential aspects regarding the relationship between the diversity, stability and maturity of ecosystems; the relationships between species; the biological balance between natural and artificial ecosystems; aspects that are greatly debated nowadays. They can replace degraded permanent meadows, or on arable land intended for fodder. When creating the mixtures, the basic requirement that must be taken into account is that they form a uniform grass cover and are well adapted to stationary conditions. The importance of developing temporary meadows led to the initiation of studies at ARDS Secuieni, starting with 2017, with the aim of creating the best mixtures adapted to the pedo-climatic conditions in the area. The results obtained in the conditions of Central Moldavia showed that fertilization with different doses of fertilizer influenced the production of dry matter compared to the non-fertilized variants. The variant fertilized with the dose of N80P40 kg/ha had the highest fodder production, i.e.16.13 t/ha d.m.; the difference compared to the control was quite a significant one; and the lowest production was obtained with the control variable (N0P0), i.e. 9.47 t/ha d.m. Analysing the data obtained, it can be easily noticed that, in the variants studied, there were five production cuttings; alternating hay mowing with that for simulating grazing (mixed regime). Analysing the results obtained, for the first cutting, regarding the influence of fertilization and the mixture used on the percentage of grass and leguminous species, it was found that in the mixture of 85% grasses (Dactylis glomerata 60% + Lolium perenne 25%) and 15% perennial leguminous (Lotus corniculatus 15%), the percentage of grasses participation in the grass cover was between 64.5% for the variant fertilized with N40P40 and 86.0% for the variant fertilized with N80P40. The leguminous that are part of the grass cover were between 12.7% for the variant fertilized with N80P40 and 34.6% for the variant fertilized with N40P40, and the percentage of participation of various species was between 0.5% and 1.4%. The participation percentage of perennial grasses and leguminous varied depending on the dose of fertilizer applied, and the quality of the fodder obtained was good for all the mixtures studied, being primarily determined by the doses of fertilizers administered, but also by the species and the proportion of their participation in the sowing rate under the conditions of Central Moldavia from 2017 to 2020.
{"title":"Research on the Exploitation of Temporary Meadows in a Mixed System under the Conditions of Central Moldavia, Romania","authors":"M. Naie, L. Popa, Oana Mîrzan, Maria-Diana Bărcan, A. Leonte, G. Matei, M. Stavarache, Simona Dumitriu, Cristian-Sorin Gavrilă, Bogdan Mîrzan","doi":"10.59665/rar4042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4042","url":null,"abstract":"The study of temporary meadows is of particular scientific importance, because they make possible the edification and characterization of some essential aspects regarding the relationship between the diversity, stability and maturity of ecosystems; the relationships between species; the biological balance between natural and artificial ecosystems; aspects that are greatly debated nowadays. They can replace degraded permanent meadows, or on arable land intended for fodder. When creating the mixtures, the basic requirement that must be taken into account is that they form a uniform grass cover and are well adapted to stationary conditions. The importance of developing temporary meadows led to the initiation of studies at ARDS Secuieni, starting with 2017, with the aim of creating the best mixtures adapted to the pedo-climatic conditions in the area. The results obtained in the conditions of Central Moldavia showed that fertilization with different doses of fertilizer influenced the production of dry matter compared to the non-fertilized variants. The variant fertilized with the dose of N80P40 kg/ha had the highest fodder production, i.e.16.13 t/ha d.m.; the difference compared to the control was quite a significant one; and the lowest production was obtained with the control variable (N0P0), i.e. 9.47 t/ha d.m. Analysing the data obtained, it can be easily noticed that, in the variants studied, there were five production cuttings; alternating hay mowing with that for simulating grazing (mixed regime). Analysing the results obtained, for the first cutting, regarding the influence of fertilization and the mixture used on the percentage of grass and leguminous species, it was found that in the mixture of 85% grasses (Dactylis glomerata 60% + Lolium perenne 25%) and 15% perennial leguminous (Lotus corniculatus 15%), the percentage of grasses participation in the grass cover was between 64.5% for the variant fertilized with N40P40 and 86.0% for the variant fertilized with N80P40. The leguminous that are part of the grass cover were between 12.7% for the variant fertilized with N80P40 and 34.6% for the variant fertilized with N40P40, and the percentage of participation of various species was between 0.5% and 1.4%. The participation percentage of perennial grasses and leguminous varied depending on the dose of fertilizer applied, and the quality of the fodder obtained was good for all the mixtures studied, being primarily determined by the doses of fertilizers administered, but also by the species and the proportion of their participation in the sowing rate under the conditions of Central Moldavia from 2017 to 2020.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grain legumes (pulses) are important crops for global food security, especially in developing countries. They also play an important role in enhancing sustainability through intensification and diversification of agricultural production systems. Meanwhile, the deficit irrigation strategy is one of the most important options for reducing water losses and maximizing water use efficiency in arid zones. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research Station, Higher Education Complex of Saravan during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was split plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The main plots included four levels of irrigation (60, 80, 100, and 120%). Subplots were two different landraces from Iran for lentil crop (Baluchestan and Kurdestan). The results revealed that the effect of deficit irrigation was significant on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, and water use efficiency. Apart from the landraces, with increasing water consumption, the grain yield of control treatment (100%) grew by 107% in comparison to 60% irrigation treatment, but this elevation was not significant at 120% level in comparison to the control treatment. Further, 120% irrigation treatment led to reduction in water use efficiency. The highest water use efficiency (2.9 kg ha-1 mm-1 ) was obtained in 80% irrigation treatment with 10% reduction in grain yield compared with control treatment. The highest harvest index was observed in the interaction of Baluchestan zones × 80% water treatment (0.24). Although the interaction of Baluchestan landrace × 80% water treatment had 10% grain yield lower than control treatment, its biological yield decreased by 27% compared to control treatment, which eventually led to 20% rise of the harvest index. Thus, our study revealed that deficit irrigation was a useful method to protect the water resources and could be used in cultivation of other plants in arid zones.
谷物豆类(豆类)是全球粮食安全的重要作物，特别是在发展中国家。它们还通过农业生产系统的集约化和多样化，在提高可持续性方面发挥重要作用。同时，亏缺灌溉策略是干旱地区减少水分流失、实现水分利用效率最大化的重要选择之一。在2018年和2019年的生长季节，在萨拉万高等教育综合体农业研究站进行了为期2年的田间试验。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，共4个重复。主要地块包括4个灌溉水平(60%、80%、100%和120%)。小块是来自伊朗的两个不同的地方扁豆作物(俾路支斯坦和库尔德斯坦)。结果表明，亏缺灌溉对粮食产量、生物产量、收获指数和水分利用效率均有显著影响。除地方品种外，随着耗水量的增加，对照处理(100%)的籽粒产量比60%的灌溉处理提高了107%，但在120%的水平上与对照相比不显著。此外，120%的灌溉处理导致水利用效率下降。80%灌水处理的水分利用效率最高(2.9 kg hm -1 mm-1)，产量较对照降低10%。收获指数最高的是俾路支斯坦地区× 80%水处理的交互作用(0.24)。虽然俾路支斯坦地方品种与80%水分处理互作的籽粒产量比对照低10%，但其生物产量比对照下降27%，最终导致收获指数上升20%。因此，亏缺灌溉是保护水资源的有效方法，可用于干旱区其他植物的栽培。
{"title":"Managing Drought Risk on Lentil Using Deficit Irrigation in Arid Zones","authors":"S. Amiri, S. Ziaei, Nader Zakeri","doi":"10.59665/rar4045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4045","url":null,"abstract":"Grain legumes (pulses) are important crops for global food security, especially in developing countries. They also play an important role in enhancing sustainability through intensification and diversification of agricultural production systems. Meanwhile, the deficit irrigation strategy is one of the most important options for reducing water losses and maximizing water use efficiency in arid zones. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research Station, Higher Education Complex of Saravan during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was split plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The main plots included four levels of irrigation (60, 80, 100, and 120%). Subplots were two different landraces from Iran for lentil crop (Baluchestan and Kurdestan). The results revealed that the effect of deficit irrigation was significant on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, and water use efficiency. Apart from the landraces, with increasing water consumption, the grain yield of control treatment (100%) grew by 107% in comparison to 60% irrigation treatment, but this elevation was not significant at 120% level in comparison to the control treatment. Further, 120% irrigation treatment led to reduction in water use efficiency. The highest water use efficiency (2.9 kg ha-1 mm-1 ) was obtained in 80% irrigation treatment with 10% reduction in grain yield compared with control treatment. The highest harvest index was observed in the interaction of Baluchestan zones × 80% water treatment (0.24). Although the interaction of Baluchestan landrace × 80% water treatment had 10% grain yield lower than control treatment, its biological yield decreased by 27% compared to control treatment, which eventually led to 20% rise of the harvest index. Thus, our study revealed that deficit irrigation was a useful method to protect the water resources and could be used in cultivation of other plants in arid zones.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71123017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of the current sharp rise in energy prices and frequent weather anomalies caused by climate change, humankind faces two major problems: food supply and energy security, which compels us to look for alternative ways of solving these problems, including the reduction of the dependence on fossil fuels and the development of new technological processes for renewable energy production. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate some agrobiological peculiarities and the quality of harvested biomass from local cultivars: ‘Solar’ Helianthus tuberosus, ‘Ileana’ Inula helenium, ‘Vital’ Silphium perfoliatum, ‘Energo’ Sida hermaphrodita, ‘Vigor’ Astragalus galegiformis, ‘Titan’ Miscanthus giganteus, ‘Argentina’ Sorghum almum, ‘Gigant’ Polygonum sachalinense and the prospects of using their biomass as feedstock for renewable energy production. It was found that the studied cultivars, in the second and following growing seasons, were characterised by optimal growth rate and moderate regenerative capacity after being mowed, making it possible to cut by 1-3 times per season, obtaining 4.61-14.25 kg/m2 green mass, which may be used for anaerobic digestion in biogas plants, with biochemical methane potential of 297-336 litre/kg organic matter. Besides, digestate and fugate are believed to be good fertilizers, being rich in plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate and potash, and could serve as a replacement for fossil based mineral fertilizers in organic farming. The stems of the studied cultivars quickly dehydrate in the autumn-winter period, and can be chopped, milled and used as feedstock for the production by cellulosic ethanol and solid bio fuel. The analysis of lignocellulose composition showed that the dry matter contained 375-517 g/kg cellulose, 211-305 g/kg hemicellulose, 68-134 g/kg acid detergent lignin. The estimated theoretical ethanol yield from cell wall carbohydrates averaged 408-591 L/t. The gross calorific value of stem biomass was 18.63-19.50 MJ/kg. The specific density of densified solid fuel pellets and briquettes meet the quality standard requirements. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using the local cultivars for the creation of energy plantations in the Republic of Moldova. The cultivation and harvesting of these cultivars do not require sophisticated mechanisms and specific equipment like as in forest exploitations.
{"title":"The Mobilization of Energy Crop Resources in Moldova","authors":"V. Țîței","doi":"10.59665/rar4060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4060","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the current sharp rise in energy prices and frequent weather anomalies caused by climate change, humankind faces two major problems: food supply and energy security, which compels us to look for alternative ways of solving these problems, including the reduction of the dependence on fossil fuels and the development of new technological processes for renewable energy production. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate some agrobiological peculiarities and the quality of harvested biomass from local cultivars: ‘Solar’ Helianthus tuberosus, ‘Ileana’ Inula helenium, ‘Vital’ Silphium perfoliatum, ‘Energo’ Sida hermaphrodita, ‘Vigor’ Astragalus galegiformis, ‘Titan’ Miscanthus giganteus, ‘Argentina’ Sorghum almum, ‘Gigant’ Polygonum sachalinense and the prospects of using their biomass as feedstock for renewable energy production. It was found that the studied cultivars, in the second and following growing seasons, were characterised by optimal growth rate and moderate regenerative capacity after being mowed, making it possible to cut by 1-3 times per season, obtaining 4.61-14.25 kg/m2 green mass, which may be used for anaerobic digestion in biogas plants, with biochemical methane potential of 297-336 litre/kg organic matter. Besides, digestate and fugate are believed to be good fertilizers, being rich in plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate and potash, and could serve as a replacement for fossil based mineral fertilizers in organic farming. The stems of the studied cultivars quickly dehydrate in the autumn-winter period, and can be chopped, milled and used as feedstock for the production by cellulosic ethanol and solid bio fuel. The analysis of lignocellulose composition showed that the dry matter contained 375-517 g/kg cellulose, 211-305 g/kg hemicellulose, 68-134 g/kg acid detergent lignin. The estimated theoretical ethanol yield from cell wall carbohydrates averaged 408-591 L/t. The gross calorific value of stem biomass was 18.63-19.50 MJ/kg. The specific density of densified solid fuel pellets and briquettes meet the quality standard requirements. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using the local cultivars for the creation of energy plantations in the Republic of Moldova. The cultivation and harvesting of these cultivars do not require sophisticated mechanisms and specific equipment like as in forest exploitations.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71123897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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