In order to improve the combination of desirable agronomic traits in winter peas, relation between grain yield, seed protein content, thousand grains weight (TGW), earliness, height, winter hardiness and seed dimension has been evaluated at NARDI Fundulea (South Romania) over three years (2017-2019). Image analysis proved to be an useful tool to assess the seed parameters such as diameter, density and volume. Very significant correlations between TGW and winter hardiness (r=0.69), grain volume and grain diameter (r=0.70), were found. The highest values of coefficient of correlation were registered for the trait combinations: winter hardiness and either, grain volume and grain diameter (r=0.76). Were identified winter peas lines 12038MT2, 13008MT28-1, 13002MT, to 12004MT2, 12032MT1 and 13008MT37, mainly derived from winter x spring crosses, that combine desirable agronomic traits, with a good impact on yield and winter hardiness.
{"title":"Relation of Quantitative Traits in Winter Peas (Pisum sativum L.)","authors":"A. Bărbieru","doi":"10.59665/rar4019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4019","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the combination of desirable agronomic traits in winter peas, relation between grain yield, seed protein content, thousand grains weight (TGW), earliness, height, winter hardiness and seed dimension has been evaluated at NARDI Fundulea (South Romania) over three years (2017-2019). Image analysis proved to be an useful tool to assess the seed parameters such as diameter, density and volume. Very significant correlations between TGW and winter hardiness (r=0.69), grain volume and grain diameter (r=0.70), were found. The highest values of coefficient of correlation were registered for the trait combinations: winter hardiness and either, grain volume and grain diameter (r=0.76). Were identified winter peas lines 12038MT2, 13008MT28-1, 13002MT, to 12004MT2, 12032MT1 and 13008MT37, mainly derived from winter x spring crosses, that combine desirable agronomic traits, with a good impact on yield and winter hardiness.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Nosrati Falahkar, H. Doroudian, S. Bidarigh, S. Sadeghi, M. Ashouri
Biochar has recently caught researchers’ attention due to its potential of improving soil fertility and immobilizing pollutants and its emergence as a proper method of increasing crop yields. An experiment was conducted on the effect of chemical, ecological, and organic (biochar and compost) nutritional systems on yield and yield components of rice as a split-plot field experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two sites in Lahijan in 2018-2019. The experimental factors included nutrition at three levels (ecological, chemical, and control) as the main plot and the organic matter at four levels (urban waste compost, biochar, Azolla, and control) as the sub-plot. The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers produced the highest grain yield, reflecting the positive effect of their combination on grain yield and yield components of rice cv. ‘Hashemi’. The results showed that the highest grain yield of 3699 kg ha-1 was related to the treatment of chemical fertilizer and biochar and the lowest (2209 kg ha-1 , i.e., a 40% decline) to the control (no chemical or biological fertilizer application). The highest number of fertile tillers and panicles per plant was obtained from the application of chemical fertilizer and biochar, the highest number of filled grains per panicle (116 grains) was observed in the application of chemical fertilizer and biochar at the university farm, and the lowest (84 grains) from the control (unfertilized treatment) at the Kateshal farm. The nutrient uptake was significantly higher in the chemical and biochar treatment than in the other treatments. Organic systems had varying impacts on rice yield and reduced the application of chemical fertilizers. Biochar contributed to increasing the growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of rice plants.
生物炭由于其改善土壤肥力和固定污染物的潜力以及作为提高作物产量的适当方法的出现，最近引起了研究人员的注意。2018-2019年，采用3个重复的随机完全区组设计，在拉希詹省2个试验点进行了化学、生态和有机(生物炭和堆肥)营养系统对水稻产量和产量构成因素的影响试验。试验因子以生态、化学、对照3个水平的营养为主样区，以城市垃圾堆肥、生物炭、氮磷、对照4个水平的有机质为次样区。化肥与有机肥配施的产量最高，反映了其配施对水稻产量和产量构成因素的积极影响。“Hashemi”。结果表明，施用化肥和生物炭处理籽粒产量最高，为3699 kg ha-1，而对照(不施用化肥和生物炭)产量最低，为2209 kg ha-1，降幅达40%。施用化学肥料和生物炭获得的可育分蘖数和单株穗数最高，施用化学肥料和生物炭获得的每穗实粒数最高(116粒)，施用对照(未施肥处理)的卡泰沙尔农场最低(84粒)。化学处理和生物炭处理的养分吸收量显著高于其他处理。有机系统对水稻产量有不同程度的影响，减少了化肥的施用。生物炭有助于提高水稻植株的生长、产量和养分吸收。
{"title":"Effect of Biochar on Yield, Yield Components, and Macronutrients of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Alireza Nosrati Falahkar, H. Doroudian, S. Bidarigh, S. Sadeghi, M. Ashouri","doi":"10.59665/rar4034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4034","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar has recently caught researchers’ attention due to its potential of improving soil fertility and immobilizing pollutants and its emergence as a proper method of increasing crop yields. An experiment was conducted on the effect of chemical, ecological, and organic (biochar and compost) nutritional systems on yield and yield components of rice as a split-plot field experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two sites in Lahijan in 2018-2019. The experimental factors included nutrition at three levels (ecological, chemical, and control) as the main plot and the organic matter at four levels (urban waste compost, biochar, Azolla, and control) as the sub-plot. The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers produced the highest grain yield, reflecting the positive effect of their combination on grain yield and yield components of rice cv. ‘Hashemi’. The results showed that the highest grain yield of 3699 kg ha-1 was related to the treatment of chemical fertilizer and biochar and the lowest (2209 kg ha-1 , i.e., a 40% decline) to the control (no chemical or biological fertilizer application). The highest number of fertile tillers and panicles per plant was obtained from the application of chemical fertilizer and biochar, the highest number of filled grains per panicle (116 grains) was observed in the application of chemical fertilizer and biochar at the university farm, and the lowest (84 grains) from the control (unfertilized treatment) at the Kateshal farm. The nutrient uptake was significantly higher in the chemical and biochar treatment than in the other treatments. Organic systems had varying impacts on rice yield and reduced the application of chemical fertilizers. Biochar contributed to increasing the growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of rice plants.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fătu, E. Georgescu, Maria Iamandei, M. Mateescu, I. Vlad
The grey corn weevil, Tanymecus (Episomecus) dilaticollis Gyll., (Curculionidae: Entiminae) is the most destructive pest of maize and sun flower crops in Romania. In this article we report result of evaluation of native strains of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromicotina: Hyphomycetes) and B. pseudobassiana Rehner et Humber against Tanymecus dilaticollis (Curculionidae: Entiminae) both in laboratory and field. In laboratory assay, two different strains of B. bassiana and one strain of B. pseudobassiana (BbLy) were applied on insects as 1×108 conidia/ml aqueous suspensions. The pure ATCC 74040 commercial strain of B. bassiana and the commercial mycoinsecticide based on this strain (Naturalis) were included in the laboratory assay for comparison. Adult mortalities were recorded daily, 14 days post-exposure. All the fungal strains have been shown to be pathogenic to T. dilaticollis. The B. bassiana strain (BbTd1) and the B. pseudobassiana strain (BbLy) were effective against adults of T. dilaticollis and comparable in percentage of mycosis and virulence to the B. bassiana strain ATCC 74040. The commercial product Naturalis was superior to the tested fungal strains killing the insects within a day. In the field, the strains BbTd1 and BbLy applied as conidia multiplied on barley grains (1×109 /g d.w) in the soil did not affect the T. dilaticollis density in maize crop.
{"title":"Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria pseudobassiana Against Tanymecus dilaticollis","authors":"A. Fătu, E. Georgescu, Maria Iamandei, M. Mateescu, I. Vlad","doi":"10.59665/rar4052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4052","url":null,"abstract":"The grey corn weevil, Tanymecus (Episomecus) dilaticollis Gyll., (Curculionidae: Entiminae) is the most destructive pest of maize and sun flower crops in Romania. In this article we report result of evaluation of native strains of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromicotina: Hyphomycetes) and B. pseudobassiana Rehner et Humber against Tanymecus dilaticollis (Curculionidae: Entiminae) both in laboratory and field. In laboratory assay, two different strains of B. bassiana and one strain of B. pseudobassiana (BbLy) were applied on insects as 1×108 conidia/ml aqueous suspensions. The pure ATCC 74040 commercial strain of B. bassiana and the commercial mycoinsecticide based on this strain (Naturalis) were included in the laboratory assay for comparison. Adult mortalities were recorded daily, 14 days post-exposure. All the fungal strains have been shown to be pathogenic to T. dilaticollis. The B. bassiana strain (BbTd1) and the B. pseudobassiana strain (BbLy) were effective against adults of T. dilaticollis and comparable in percentage of mycosis and virulence to the B. bassiana strain ATCC 74040. The commercial product Naturalis was superior to the tested fungal strains killing the insects within a day. In the field, the strains BbTd1 and BbLy applied as conidia multiplied on barley grains (1×109 /g d.w) in the soil did not affect the T. dilaticollis density in maize crop.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Partal, C. V. Oltenacu, M. Paraschivu, O. Cotuna, M. Dima, E. Conțescu
The study of the relationship between the crop plant and the technological measures is very important for establishing the best management to increase the yield, to preserve water in the soil and to reduce weed pressure. This article emphasizes the influence of tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) on soil moisture, weed control and maize yield over three years (2020-2022) on a chernozem soil type at NARDI Fundulea, Romania. Determinations of soil moisture contributed to the climatic characterization of the agricultural year and supplied yearly reference data. In 2022, very low soil moisture values were recorded, being differentiated by the tillage system, leading to a minimum value of only 15.0% (517.5 m3 ha-1 ) for the CT system with spring plowing, a maximum of 19.4% (640.2 m3 ha-1 ) in the NT system and intermediate values in the MT system with 15.8% (564.9 m 3 ha-1 ) for chisel variant. The structure of the weeds present in the maize crop was 36% monocotyledonous and 64% dicotyledonous. The best weeds management does not involve their eradication, but keeping them under economic threshold using technological measures, such as soil tillage systems. Statistical analyzes showed significant effects of all soil tillage on maize yield and of their interactions with other technological measures. The three-year average results showed that the highest yields were recorded with MT (4.51 t ha-1 ), while the averages for CT and NT were lower (4.81 t ha-1 and, respectively, 3.38 t ha-1 ). The application of technological measures in accordance with the climate forecast led to an increase in the chances that maize crop will go well through the vegetation period and give high and stable yields.
研究作物与技术措施之间的关系，对制定最佳的管理措施，提高产量，保持土壤水分，减少杂草压力具有重要意义。本文重点介绍了常规耕作(CT)、最少耕作(MT)和免耕作(NT)三种耕作制度对罗马尼亚NARDI Fundulea黑钙土类型土壤水分、杂草控制和玉米产量的影响。土壤湿度的测定有助于农业年的气候特征，并提供年度参考数据。2022年，由于耕作制度的差异，土壤湿度值非常低，春耕的CT系统最小值仅为15.0% (517.5 m3 ha-1)， NT系统最大值为19.4% (640.2 m3 ha-1)，而MT系统的中间值为15.8% (564.9 m3 ha-1)。玉米杂草中单子叶杂草占36%，双子叶杂草占64%。最好的杂草管理不包括根除杂草，而是通过技术措施，如土壤耕作制度，将杂草控制在经济阈值以下。统计分析表明，所有土壤耕作方式对玉米产量及其与其他技术措施的相互作用均有显著影响。3年平均结果表明，稻作产量最高，为4.51 t hm -1，而稻作和稻作产量较低，分别为4.81 t hm -1和3.38 t hm -1。根据气候预报采取技术措施，增加了玉米作物顺利度过植被期和高产稳产的机会。
{"title":"Effects of Different Soil Tillage on Soil Moisture, Weed Control, Yield and Quality of Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"E. Partal, C. V. Oltenacu, M. Paraschivu, O. Cotuna, M. Dima, E. Conțescu","doi":"10.59665/rar4044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4044","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the relationship between the crop plant and the technological measures is very important for establishing the best management to increase the yield, to preserve water in the soil and to reduce weed pressure. This article emphasizes the influence of tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) on soil moisture, weed control and maize yield over three years (2020-2022) on a chernozem soil type at NARDI Fundulea, Romania. Determinations of soil moisture contributed to the climatic characterization of the agricultural year and supplied yearly reference data. In 2022, very low soil moisture values were recorded, being differentiated by the tillage system, leading to a minimum value of only 15.0% (517.5 m3 ha-1 ) for the CT system with spring plowing, a maximum of 19.4% (640.2 m3 ha-1 ) in the NT system and intermediate values in the MT system with 15.8% (564.9 m 3 ha-1 ) for chisel variant. The structure of the weeds present in the maize crop was 36% monocotyledonous and 64% dicotyledonous. The best weeds management does not involve their eradication, but keeping them under economic threshold using technological measures, such as soil tillage systems. Statistical analyzes showed significant effects of all soil tillage on maize yield and of their interactions with other technological measures. The three-year average results showed that the highest yields were recorded with MT (4.51 t ha-1 ), while the averages for CT and NT were lower (4.81 t ha-1 and, respectively, 3.38 t ha-1 ). The application of technological measures in accordance with the climate forecast led to an increase in the chances that maize crop will go well through the vegetation period and give high and stable yields.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficient use of the biological potential of the leguminous plants that are adapted to the local climatic conditions becomes more and more relevant. The local ecotype of the species Lathyrus sativus, Lathyrus sylvestris, Lathyrus tuberosus, Vicia hirsuta, Vicia sativa, Vicia tenuifolia maintained in monoculture on experimental land in the NBGI Chişinău, served as objects of study. We found that the dry matter of the studied whole plants contained 169-257 g/kg CP, 96-125 g/kg ash, 219-346 g/kg CF, 244-371 g/kg ADF, 427-576 g/kg NDF, 34-58 g/kg ADL, 210-313 g/kg Cel, 183-205 g/kg HC, 64-150 g/kg TSS, with 59.3-69.4% DMD, RFV = 93-151, 11.87-13.55 MJ/kg DE, 9.75-11.13 MJ/kg ME, 5.77-7.22 MJ/kg NEl. The prepared hay contained 153-264 g/kg CP, 91-135 g/kg ash, 244-356 g/kg CF, 294-393 g/kg ADF, 475-606 g/kg NDF, 36-65 g/kg ADL, 258-329 g/kg Cel, 191-214 g/kg HC, 6-99 g/kg TSS, with 59.2-66.0% DMD, RFV = 90-129, 11.57-12.95 MJ/kg DE, 9.50-11.09 MJ/kg ME, 5.51-7.10 MJ/kg NEl. The haylage is characterized by pleasant smell and color, pH = 4.40-4.95, 4.7-6.1 g/kg acetic acid, 27.9-38.0 g/kg lactic acid, butyric acid was not detected, 159-180 g/kg CP, 105-125 g/kg ash, 296-343 g/kg CF, 316-360 g/kg ADF, 460-579 g/kg NDF, 51-55 g/kg ADL, 263-309 g/kg Cel, 142-219 g/kg HC, 43-106 g/kg TSS, 60.9-64.1% DMD, RFV = 98-129, 12.03-12.61 MJ/kg DE, 9.88-10.35 MJ/kg ME, 5.89-6.37 MJ/kg NEl. The harvested fresh mass and the haylage prepared from the studied species can be used as substrates in biogas production via anaerobic digestion for renewable energy production, with carbon nitrogen (C/N) ratios 12-20. The biochemical methane potential reached 320-378 litre/kg organic matter. The investigated leguminous species are an important forage source for livestock, many birds, bees and entomophagous insects, and they are excellent plants for erosion control and for reseeding and increasing the economic value of permanent and temporary grasslands. The harvested biomass can be used as alternative fodder for farm animals or as substrates in biogas generators for the production of renewable energy.
{"title":"Agroeconomic Value of Some Lathyrus and Vicia Species in the Republic of Moldova","authors":"V. Țîței, Serghei Cozari","doi":"10.59665/rar4059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4059","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient use of the biological potential of the leguminous plants that are adapted to the local climatic conditions becomes more and more relevant. The local ecotype of the species Lathyrus sativus, Lathyrus sylvestris, Lathyrus tuberosus, Vicia hirsuta, Vicia sativa, Vicia tenuifolia maintained in monoculture on experimental land in the NBGI Chişinău, served as objects of study. We found that the dry matter of the studied whole plants contained 169-257 g/kg CP, 96-125 g/kg ash, 219-346 g/kg CF, 244-371 g/kg ADF, 427-576 g/kg NDF, 34-58 g/kg ADL, 210-313 g/kg Cel, 183-205 g/kg HC, 64-150 g/kg TSS, with 59.3-69.4% DMD, RFV = 93-151, 11.87-13.55 MJ/kg DE, 9.75-11.13 MJ/kg ME, 5.77-7.22 MJ/kg NEl. The prepared hay contained 153-264 g/kg CP, 91-135 g/kg ash, 244-356 g/kg CF, 294-393 g/kg ADF, 475-606 g/kg NDF, 36-65 g/kg ADL, 258-329 g/kg Cel, 191-214 g/kg HC, 6-99 g/kg TSS, with 59.2-66.0% DMD, RFV = 90-129, 11.57-12.95 MJ/kg DE, 9.50-11.09 MJ/kg ME, 5.51-7.10 MJ/kg NEl. The haylage is characterized by pleasant smell and color, pH = 4.40-4.95, 4.7-6.1 g/kg acetic acid, 27.9-38.0 g/kg lactic acid, butyric acid was not detected, 159-180 g/kg CP, 105-125 g/kg ash, 296-343 g/kg CF, 316-360 g/kg ADF, 460-579 g/kg NDF, 51-55 g/kg ADL, 263-309 g/kg Cel, 142-219 g/kg HC, 43-106 g/kg TSS, 60.9-64.1% DMD, RFV = 98-129, 12.03-12.61 MJ/kg DE, 9.88-10.35 MJ/kg ME, 5.89-6.37 MJ/kg NEl. The harvested fresh mass and the haylage prepared from the studied species can be used as substrates in biogas production via anaerobic digestion for renewable energy production, with carbon nitrogen (C/N) ratios 12-20. The biochemical methane potential reached 320-378 litre/kg organic matter. The investigated leguminous species are an important forage source for livestock, many birds, bees and entomophagous insects, and they are excellent plants for erosion control and for reseeding and increasing the economic value of permanent and temporary grasslands. The harvested biomass can be used as alternative fodder for farm animals or as substrates in biogas generators for the production of renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71123719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Teliban, V. Stoleru, G. Bireescu, G. Mihalache, M. Burducea, N. Munteanu, D. Țopa, G. Matei, Georgiana Rădeanu, L. Popa, N. Vladut
Currently there is a growing interest both in obtaining large agricultural yields in order to provide food for a growing population as well as in increasing the sustainability of production systems by improving the health of the soil. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic versus chemical fertilization versus irrigation on runner bean crop and soil health. A bi-factorial field experiment was organized in a split plot design with three replicates during two years (2019 and 2020). The first factor, irrigation, had two graduations: irrigated with 3000 m 3 ·ha-1 (Ir) and non-irrigated (Non-Ir). The second factor, fertilization, had four graduations: biosolids (1200 kg·ha-1 ) (B), chemical (360 kg·ha-1 ) (Ch), microorganism (80 kg·ha-1 ) (M) and unfertilized (Unfert). The results showed that, regarding the physiological state of the plants, both the photosynthesis and the chlorophyll content were higher at Ir x M (5.31 µmol CO2 m -2 s -2 and 45.23 SPAD units, respectively). The yield of dried beans ranged between 1476-4811 kg·ha-1 in 2019 and 1498-4727 kg·ha-1 in 2020 and was highest for Ir x Ch. Soil health status estimated by determining the dehydrogenase activity in the soil, has been improved for irrigated (Ir) and fertilized (B, M, Ch) variants.
目前，人们越来越感兴趣的是获得大量农业产量，以便为不断增长的人口提供粮食，以及通过改善土壤健康来提高生产系统的可持续性。本研究的总体目的是评价有机肥、化肥和灌溉对芸豆作物和土壤健康的影响。采用分区设计，在2019年和2020年进行双因子田间试验，共3个重复。第一个因子灌溉有两个等级:灌溉3000 m 3·ha-1 (Ir)和不灌溉(Non-Ir)。第二个因子，施肥，有4个等级:生物固体(1200 kg·ha-1) (B)、化学(360 kg·ha-1) (Ch)、微生物(80 kg·ha-1) (M)和未施肥(Unfert)。结果表明，就植株的生理状态而言，在Ir × M下，光合作用和叶绿素含量均较高(分别为5.31µmol CO2 M -2 s -2和45.23 SPAD单位)。干豆的产量在2019年的1476-4811 kg·ha-1和2020年的1498-4727 kg·ha-1之间，Ir x Ch的产量最高。通过测定土壤脱氢酶活性估算的土壤健康状况在灌溉(Ir)和施肥(B, M, Ch)变异中得到改善。
{"title":"The Response of Runner Bean Crop to Irrigation and Fertilization","authors":"G. Teliban, V. Stoleru, G. Bireescu, G. Mihalache, M. Burducea, N. Munteanu, D. Țopa, G. Matei, Georgiana Rădeanu, L. Popa, N. Vladut","doi":"10.59665/rar3926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3926","url":null,"abstract":"Currently there is a growing interest both in obtaining large agricultural yields in order to provide food for a growing population as well as in increasing the sustainability of production systems by improving the health of the soil. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic versus chemical fertilization versus irrigation on runner bean crop and soil health. A bi-factorial field experiment was organized in a split plot design with three replicates during two years (2019 and 2020). The first factor, irrigation, had two graduations: irrigated with 3000 m 3 ·ha-1 (Ir) and non-irrigated (Non-Ir). The second factor, fertilization, had four graduations: biosolids (1200 kg·ha-1 ) (B), chemical (360 kg·ha-1 ) (Ch), microorganism (80 kg·ha-1 ) (M) and unfertilized (Unfert). The results showed that, regarding the physiological state of the plants, both the photosynthesis and the chlorophyll content were higher at Ir x M (5.31 µmol CO2 m -2 s -2 and 45.23 SPAD units, respectively). The yield of dried beans ranged between 1476-4811 kg·ha-1 in 2019 and 1498-4727 kg·ha-1 in 2020 and was highest for Ir x Ch. Soil health status estimated by determining the dehydrogenase activity in the soil, has been improved for irrigated (Ir) and fertilized (B, M, Ch) variants.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The maximum crop production achievement in arid and semi-arid regions is the main issue that requires the optimum use of different variables of crop and water. Therefore, this research has been carried out for simultaneous optimization of water productivity (WP) and for high crop productivity under deficit irrigation management conditions. An original data series has been used for this research from an experimental design that was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications and seven irrigation treatments of different growth stages during two conductive crop seasons 2010 and 2011. The genetic algorithm has been applied as a multi-objective (MOGA) and under two scenarios of the priority of objective functions. Also, in order to investigate the application of the simulated annealing algorithm (SA), in a combined optimizing of two objective functions of soybean WP and plant production using weight summation method, it has been converted to a single objective one. The results have shown that under the first scenario conditions, the optimum grain yield and optimum WP are 3,827 and 3,953 kg ha-1 and 0.53 and 0.58 kg m-3 ha-1 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The results in the combined optimization under the second scenario conditions show the amounts of optimum crop production and WP are 3,838.1 and 3,902.7 kg ha-1 and 1.12 and 0.75 kg m-3 ha-1 in the two seasons, respectively. Comparison of the MOGA and SA results has indicated that MOGA has a better capability in simultaneous optimization of the two objective functions. Maximum crop production was 4446 kg ha-1 for consuming 664.9 mm irrigation water. Also, the maximum WP was 0.82 kg m-3 ha-1 for consuming 375.8 mm irrigation water. Therefore, the dual-objective genetic optimization method can well optimize both objective functions and achieve the desired results in optimal grain yield and WP under constrained water resources.
在干旱和半干旱地区，作物产量的最大化是主要问题，需要作物和水的不同变量的最佳利用。因此，本研究旨在亏缺灌溉条件下同时优化水分生产力(WP)和提高作物生产力。本研究使用的原始数据序列来自一项试验设计，该试验设计以随机完全区设计的形式进行，在2010年和2011年两个导电性作物季节进行了3个重复和7个不同生长阶段的灌溉处理。将遗传算法应用于多目标(MOGA)和目标函数优先级两种情况下。此外，为了研究模拟退火算法(SA)在大豆WP和植物产量两个目标函数的权重求和联合优化中的应用，将其转化为单目标优化。结果表明:在第一种方案条件下，2010年和2011年的最优产量和最优WP分别为3827和3953 kg hm -1和0.53和0.58 kg m-3 hm -1;第二种情景条件下的组合优化结果表明，两季最优作物产量和WP分别为3838.1和3902.7 kg hm -1, 1.12和0.75 kg m-3 hm -1。将MOGA算法与SA算法的结果进行比较，结果表明MOGA算法具有更好的同时优化两个目标函数的能力。灌溉用水量为664.9 mm，最高产量为4446 kg ha-1。用水量为375.8 mm时，最大WP值为0.82 kg m-3 ha-1。因此，双目标遗传优化方法可以很好地优化两个目标函数，并在水资源受限条件下获得最优粮食产量和最优WP。
{"title":"Crop Production and Water Productivity Simultaneously Optimization of Soybean Plant Using Two Meta-Heuristic Algorithms","authors":"H. Babazadeh, M. Tabrizi, G. Hoogenboom","doi":"10.59665/rar3929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3929","url":null,"abstract":"The maximum crop production achievement in arid and semi-arid regions is the main issue that requires the optimum use of different variables of crop and water. Therefore, this research has been carried out for simultaneous optimization of water productivity (WP) and for high crop productivity under deficit irrigation management conditions. An original data series has been used for this research from an experimental design that was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications and seven irrigation treatments of different growth stages during two conductive crop seasons 2010 and 2011. The genetic algorithm has been applied as a multi-objective (MOGA) and under two scenarios of the priority of objective functions. Also, in order to investigate the application of the simulated annealing algorithm (SA), in a combined optimizing of two objective functions of soybean WP and plant production using weight summation method, it has been converted to a single objective one. The results have shown that under the first scenario conditions, the optimum grain yield and optimum WP are 3,827 and 3,953 kg ha-1 and 0.53 and 0.58 kg m-3 ha-1 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The results in the combined optimization under the second scenario conditions show the amounts of optimum crop production and WP are 3,838.1 and 3,902.7 kg ha-1 and 1.12 and 0.75 kg m-3 ha-1 in the two seasons, respectively. Comparison of the MOGA and SA results has indicated that MOGA has a better capability in simultaneous optimization of the two objective functions. Maximum crop production was 4446 kg ha-1 for consuming 664.9 mm irrigation water. Also, the maximum WP was 0.82 kg m-3 ha-1 for consuming 375.8 mm irrigation water. Therefore, the dual-objective genetic optimization method can well optimize both objective functions and achieve the desired results in optimal grain yield and WP under constrained water resources.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this work is to establish the effectiveness of herbicides or combinations of herbicides under the influence of different climatic conditions in the study years (2019-2021). In this regard, ARDS Teleorman has established an experiment with the application of herbicides and combinations of herbicides, applied in different doses, in different application periods, placed according to the method of randomized blocks in three repetitions, on a chernozem cambic soil with clay content over 42%. The Burnas variety, a chickpea variety created by ARDS Teleorman, was used. Based on the frequency, the following specific problems were identified: Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria spp., Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum, Hibiscus trionum, Polygonum convolvulus, Sinapis arvensis, Stellaria media, Veronica spp., Xitalicum Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus arvensis. On average, over the three years of experimentation, the combination of herbicides applied to the V8 variant [312.5 g/l S-metolaclor; 87.5 g/l terbutilazin applied in a dose of 4.0 l/ha in pre-emergence + isoxaflutol 240 g/l Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l applied in a dose of 0.3 l/ha in pre-emergence] 98%, variant V5 [960 g/l S-metolaclor isoxaflutol 240 g/l applied in a dose of 1.2 l/ha in pre-emergence + isoxaflutol 240 g/l Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l in a dose of 0.2 l/ha in pre-emergence] 96.4% and in variant V3 [50g/l quizalofop-p-ethyl at a dose of 1.2 l/ha post-emergence + isoxaflutol 240 g/l Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l at a dose of 0.15 l/ ha post-emergence] 96%. Of all the tested variants, the variant with the application of 312.5 g/l S-metolaclo; 187.5 g/l terbutilazin herbicides (4.0 l/ha) + isoxaflutol 240 g/l; Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l (0.3 l/ha) in pre-emergence, with a high level of production, which does not allow its recommendation in weed control in chickpeas.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Some Herbicides and Herbicide Combinations Applied to Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Culture","authors":"J. Cojocaru, D. Marin","doi":"10.59665/rar3940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3940","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to establish the effectiveness of herbicides or combinations of herbicides under the influence of different climatic conditions in the study years (2019-2021). In this regard, ARDS Teleorman has established an experiment with the application of herbicides and combinations of herbicides, applied in different doses, in different application periods, placed according to the method of randomized blocks in three repetitions, on a chernozem cambic soil with clay content over 42%. The Burnas variety, a chickpea variety created by ARDS Teleorman, was used. Based on the frequency, the following specific problems were identified: Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria spp., Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Solanum nigrum, Hibiscus trionum, Polygonum convolvulus, Sinapis arvensis, Stellaria media, Veronica spp., Xitalicum Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus arvensis. On average, over the three years of experimentation, the combination of herbicides applied to the V8 variant [312.5 g/l S-metolaclor; 87.5 g/l terbutilazin applied in a dose of 4.0 l/ha in pre-emergence + isoxaflutol 240 g/l Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l applied in a dose of 0.3 l/ha in pre-emergence] 98%, variant V5 [960 g/l S-metolaclor isoxaflutol 240 g/l applied in a dose of 1.2 l/ha in pre-emergence + isoxaflutol 240 g/l Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l in a dose of 0.2 l/ha in pre-emergence] 96.4% and in variant V3 [50g/l quizalofop-p-ethyl at a dose of 1.2 l/ha post-emergence + isoxaflutol 240 g/l Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l at a dose of 0.15 l/ ha post-emergence] 96%. Of all the tested variants, the variant with the application of 312.5 g/l S-metolaclo; 187.5 g/l terbutilazin herbicides (4.0 l/ha) + isoxaflutol 240 g/l; Ciprosulfamida (safener): 240 g/l (0.3 l/ha) in pre-emergence, with a high level of production, which does not allow its recommendation in weed control in chickpeas.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Vasilescu, E. Petcu, E. Petcu, A. Sîrbu, C. Lazăr
Grain morphometry is presently among the main targets of modern barley breeding. Three yield trials with winter barley cultivars were performed in the 2018-2020 period at the National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea in order to analyze the weight of thousand grains and grain morphometry (grain length, grain width, grain area, grain circularity, grain length-width ratio, and factor form density) of six and two-row registered Romanian winter barley cultivars. Acquired image analysis of grains produced by 25 winter barley cultivars in three years with different grain filling conditions, showed that variation of climatic conditions significantly influenced the thousand grain weight (TGW), grain length (Gl), grain width (Gw), grain area (Ga), grain circularity (Gc), grain length-width ratio (L/W ratio) and factor form density (FFD). The barley cultivars were significantly different for all studied traits, which underlined a high level of diversity. All traits were on average different between six-row and two barley cultivars. TGW was highly correlated to Ga, Gw, and FFD. The PCA analysis revealed that PC1, PC2, and PC3 explain 99.1% of the amount of variation. Our paper provides extended information and the newest grain morphometry insight of an old, oldest, and modern barley germplasm released in three different breeding periods.
{"title":"Grain Morphometry Analysis of Romanian Winter Barley Cultivars Registered during 1959-2019 Period","authors":"L. Vasilescu, E. Petcu, E. Petcu, A. Sîrbu, C. Lazăr","doi":"10.59665/rar3916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3916","url":null,"abstract":"Grain morphometry is presently among the main targets of modern barley breeding. Three yield trials with winter barley cultivars were performed in the 2018-2020 period at the National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea in order to analyze the weight of thousand grains and grain morphometry (grain length, grain width, grain area, grain circularity, grain length-width ratio, and factor form density) of six and two-row registered Romanian winter barley cultivars. Acquired image analysis of grains produced by 25 winter barley cultivars in three years with different grain filling conditions, showed that variation of climatic conditions significantly influenced the thousand grain weight (TGW), grain length (Gl), grain width (Gw), grain area (Ga), grain circularity (Gc), grain length-width ratio (L/W ratio) and factor form density (FFD). The barley cultivars were significantly different for all studied traits, which underlined a high level of diversity. All traits were on average different between six-row and two barley cultivars. TGW was highly correlated to Ga, Gw, and FFD. The PCA analysis revealed that PC1, PC2, and PC3 explain 99.1% of the amount of variation. Our paper provides extended information and the newest grain morphometry insight of an old, oldest, and modern barley germplasm released in three different breeding periods.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peyman Davami, Mojtaba Alavi Fazel, S. Lak, D. Habibi, Afshin Mozaffari
Drought stress and oxidative damage are among the most important factors that limit the growth and yield of drought crop plants. The global climate change has led us to adapting planting dates and select tolerant cultivars to encounter the new climatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of late-season drought stress under different planting dates on rapeseed cultivars, a 2- year field experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) in Karaj - Iran, from 2015 to 2017. Irrigation treatments were considered in the main plots and planting dates and cultivars as factorial were placed in subplots. Two planting dates were regular date (September, 26) (PD1) and late planting date (October, 26) (PD2). Irrigation was also carried out at two levels of normal irrigation (NI) and irrigation cut-off (II) from the pod formation stage onwards. Rapeseed cultivars included Tassilo, Elvise, Neptune and Okapi. Late-season drought stress and delayed planting date reduced anthocyanin (AN), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity, and grain yield (GY), but increased malondialdehyde (MAD), in all rapeseed cultivars. The highest GY (3346.6 kg ha-1) was obtained in NI conditions and PD1. According to the results of stepwise regression, AN, GPX, and MAD with a coefficient of determination (R²=0.774) explained about 78% of the changes in the GY, among which MAD with a value of (-0.72) showed the greatest negative and significant impact on the GY. Therefore, Elvise can be introduced as a superior cultivar to be selected as a genotype that presents acceptable resistance under drought stress and late sowing in arid and semi-arid regions.
干旱胁迫和氧化损伤是制约干旱作物生长和产量的重要因素。全球气候变化促使我们调整种植日期，选择耐受性强的品种，以适应新的气候条件。为评价不同播期下的季末干旱胁迫对油菜籽品种的影响，2015 - 2017年在伊朗卡拉伊地区采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)进行了2年的因子分裂样试验。主区采用灌溉处理，次区采用种植日期和品种作为因子。两个种植日期为常规种植日期(9月26日)(PD1)和后期种植日期(10月26日)(PD2)。从荚果形成阶段开始，还进行了正常灌溉(NI)和切断灌溉(II)两个水平的灌溉。油菜品种包括Tassilo、Elvise、Neptune和Okapi。在所有油菜籽品种中，季末干旱胁迫和延迟播期降低了花青素(AN)、愈创木酚过氧化物酶(GPX)活性和籽粒产量(GY)，但增加了丙二醛(MAD)。NI和PD1条件下的GY最高，为3346.6 kg ha-1。逐步回归结果显示，AN、GPX和MAD的决定系数(R²=0.774)解释了约78%的GY变化，其中MAD对GY的负向影响最大，且影响显著，其值为(-0.72)。因此，Elvise可以作为一个在干旱和半干旱地区表现出可接受的抗旱性和晚播性的基因型的优良品种引进。
{"title":"Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Grain Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) of Response to Late-Season Drought and Sowing Date","authors":"Peyman Davami, Mojtaba Alavi Fazel, S. Lak, D. Habibi, Afshin Mozaffari","doi":"10.59665/rar3907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3907","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress and oxidative damage are among the most important factors that limit the growth and yield of drought crop plants. The global climate change has led us to adapting planting dates and select tolerant cultivars to encounter the new climatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of late-season drought stress under different planting dates on rapeseed cultivars, a 2- year field experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) in Karaj - Iran, from 2015 to 2017. Irrigation treatments were considered in the main plots and planting dates and cultivars as factorial were placed in subplots. Two planting dates were regular date (September, 26) (PD1) and late planting date (October, 26) (PD2). Irrigation was also carried out at two levels of normal irrigation (NI) and irrigation cut-off (II) from the pod formation stage onwards. Rapeseed cultivars included Tassilo, Elvise, Neptune and Okapi. Late-season drought stress and delayed planting date reduced anthocyanin (AN), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity, and grain yield (GY), but increased malondialdehyde (MAD), in all rapeseed cultivars. The highest GY (3346.6 kg ha-1) was obtained in NI conditions and PD1. According to the results of stepwise regression, AN, GPX, and MAD with a coefficient of determination (R²=0.774) explained about 78% of the changes in the GY, among which MAD with a value of (-0.72) showed the greatest negative and significant impact on the GY. Therefore, Elvise can be introduced as a superior cultivar to be selected as a genotype that presents acceptable resistance under drought stress and late sowing in arid and semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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