V. Petcu, Laurențiu Ciornei, P. Simion, M. Grădilă, L. Burtan, E. Partal
Cover crops had shown a potential to improving carbon sequestration in soil and environmental quality, but these beneficial effects can be modulated by precipitation conditions. In this paper was evaluated the effectiveness of three cover crops on soil chemical properties and weed suppression. The experiments were performed on cambic chernozem soil from NARDI Fundulea Romania in two contrasting years regarding the amount of precipitation. Three cover crops were studied. The cover crop consisting of peas + triticale has increased more soil carbon content and infestation with weeds were lower as compared with cover crop consisting of peas or triticale. The differences concerning carbon sequestration, soil organic carbon, carbon to nitrogen ratio, weed suppression were influenced also by level of precipitations from experimental site. Cover crops were slow to impact C/N ratio of soil. In contrast, the floristic composition, and the degree of weed infestation were very significantly influenced by the composition of the cover crops. The use of cover crop mixtures offered an additional benefit to weed suppression that of individual cover crops.
{"title":"Cover Crops from Winter Wheat, Triticale and Peas Cultivated in Pure Stands and Mixtures – Soil and Weed Suppression Benefits","authors":"V. Petcu, Laurențiu Ciornei, P. Simion, M. Grădilă, L. Burtan, E. Partal","doi":"10.59665/rar3931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3931","url":null,"abstract":"Cover crops had shown a potential to improving carbon sequestration in soil and environmental quality, but these beneficial effects can be modulated by precipitation conditions. In this paper was evaluated the effectiveness of three cover crops on soil chemical properties and weed suppression. The experiments were performed on cambic chernozem soil from NARDI Fundulea Romania in two contrasting years regarding the amount of precipitation. Three cover crops were studied. The cover crop consisting of peas + triticale has increased more soil carbon content and infestation with weeds were lower as compared with cover crop consisting of peas or triticale. The differences concerning carbon sequestration, soil organic carbon, carbon to nitrogen ratio, weed suppression were influenced also by level of precipitations from experimental site. Cover crops were slow to impact C/N ratio of soil. In contrast, the floristic composition, and the degree of weed infestation were very significantly influenced by the composition of the cover crops. The use of cover crop mixtures offered an additional benefit to weed suppression that of individual cover crops.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For organic agriculture, wheat cultivars with good and stable grain yield across years are needed. Grain yield and hectolitre weight of 10 cultivars were estimated in field trials for three years at conventionally and organically production systems under the central part of Oltenia, Romania conditions. Our research evidentiated that cultivar influenced significant only hectolitre weight; production system influenced significant the both grain yield and hectolitre weight, and interaction between cultivars x production system was non-significant for the both traits. On average for the study period, the grain yield from the organic production system was by 35% lower than that achieved from the conventional production system. Hectolitre weight was also, affected by production system showing in the organic system values by 2% lower than in the conventional system. The cultivar Miranda was more stable than the other studied cultivars in both conventional and organic production system. On average most cultivars fulfilled the requirements for Grades 2 and 3, but the percentage of cases below the 72 kg/hl limit (non bakery value) varied from 0 to 66.7% in both production systems.
{"title":"Grain Yield and Hectolitre Weight of Some Wheat Cultivars in Organic and Conventional Production Systems","authors":"Ioana Claudia Dunăreanu, D. Bonea","doi":"10.59665/rar3922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3922","url":null,"abstract":"For organic agriculture, wheat cultivars with good and stable grain yield across years are needed. Grain yield and hectolitre weight of 10 cultivars were estimated in field trials for three years at conventionally and organically production systems under the central part of Oltenia, Romania conditions. Our research evidentiated that cultivar influenced significant only hectolitre weight; production system influenced significant the both grain yield and hectolitre weight, and interaction between cultivars x production system was non-significant for the both traits. On average for the study period, the grain yield from the organic production system was by 35% lower than that achieved from the conventional production system. Hectolitre weight was also, affected by production system showing in the organic system values by 2% lower than in the conventional system. The cultivar Miranda was more stable than the other studied cultivars in both conventional and organic production system. On average most cultivars fulfilled the requirements for Grades 2 and 3, but the percentage of cases below the 72 kg/hl limit (non bakery value) varied from 0 to 66.7% in both production systems.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Petcu, I. Toncea, Indira Galit, I. Radu, M. Grădilă, R. Cuculici
Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz), has gained considerable attention in Europe as a potential oil seed feedstock for biofuels and bioproducts, although as cultivated surfaces it remains a marginal crop. As well in Romania progress has been made towards camelina’s yield potential but this under organic agriculture conditions has not been studied enough. Given this increased interest in camelina, six genotypes were compared to characterize camelina’s production potential in organic farming. Field experiments were conducted out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, six genotypes in three growing seasons (2016-2019). Plant population, frequency (F%) of downy mildew attack, weeds infestation and yield were evaluated. The higher amount of spring rainfall (in 2017 and 2019) and cooler temperatures favoured a significant downy mildew plant infection, with some variations among genotypes. GP 202 proved to be most sensitive to downy mildew attack followed by Lena. The most resistant genotype was Calena, which recorded, for the three different years, the lowest degree of attack. In weeds suppression the variation due to year was higher than that due to the genotype and interactions of the factors. Results identify, in relation to climatic conditions, the most suitable genotypes for the tested environment, in terms of resistance to downy mildew and weed infestation. Calena, Camelia and Lindo genotypes were more less affected by downy mildew, weed infestation was less and the yield was higher as compared to the other genotypes studied.
亚麻荠(Camelina sativa L. Crantz)，作为生物燃料和生物产品的潜在油籽原料，在欧洲引起了相当大的关注，尽管它仍然是一种边缘作物。在罗马尼亚，亚麻荠的产量潜力也取得了进展，但在有机农业条件下，这方面的研究还不够。鉴于人们对亚麻荠的兴趣日益增加，对6种基因型进行了比较，以表征亚麻荠在有机农业中的生产潜力。田间试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 4个重复，6个基因型，3个生长季节(2016-2019)。评价了植物种群、霜霉病发生频率(F%)、杂草侵染情况和产量。春季降水较多(2017年和2019年)和气温较低有利于霜霉病植物感染，基因型之间存在一些差异。GP 202被证明对霜霉病最敏感，其次是Lena。最具抗性的基因型是Calena，它在不同的三年里记录了最低的攻击程度。在杂草抑制中，因年份引起的变异大于因基因型和相互作用引起的变异。结果确定了与气候条件相关的最适合测试环境的基因型，即抗霜霉病和杂草侵害的基因型。Calena、Camelia和Lindo基因型受霜霉病的影响较小，杂草侵染较少，产量较高。
{"title":"Camelina Sativa Genotypes Response to Downy Mildew and Weed Suppression in Organic Agriculture","authors":"V. Petcu, I. Toncea, Indira Galit, I. Radu, M. Grădilă, R. Cuculici","doi":"10.59665/rar3923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3923","url":null,"abstract":"Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz), has gained considerable attention in Europe as a potential oil seed feedstock for biofuels and bioproducts, although as cultivated surfaces it remains a marginal crop. As well in Romania progress has been made towards camelina’s yield potential but this under organic agriculture conditions has not been studied enough. Given this increased interest in camelina, six genotypes were compared to characterize camelina’s production potential in organic farming. Field experiments were conducted out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, six genotypes in three growing seasons (2016-2019). Plant population, frequency (F%) of downy mildew attack, weeds infestation and yield were evaluated. The higher amount of spring rainfall (in 2017 and 2019) and cooler temperatures favoured a significant downy mildew plant infection, with some variations among genotypes. GP 202 proved to be most sensitive to downy mildew attack followed by Lena. The most resistant genotype was Calena, which recorded, for the three different years, the lowest degree of attack. In weeds suppression the variation due to year was higher than that due to the genotype and interactions of the factors. Results identify, in relation to climatic conditions, the most suitable genotypes for the tested environment, in terms of resistance to downy mildew and weed infestation. Calena, Camelia and Lindo genotypes were more less affected by downy mildew, weed infestation was less and the yield was higher as compared to the other genotypes studied.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamed Zamani, H. Mobasser, A. Hamidi, A. Daneshmand
To improve seed germination and seedling emergence of K326 flue-cured tobacco seedlings by disinfection and pelleting, this research was conducted at Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education Center, Behshahr, Iran. Tobacco seeds were pelleted with metalaxyl, thiophanate methyl, imidacloprid, thiomethoxam and thiodicarb and disinfected by heating the seeds in hot air at 60°C for one hour, with hot water at 50°C for 10 minutes and by 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 4 minutes. The results showed that the lowest percentage of normal seedlings, seedling emergence immediately and one year after seed pelleting and rate of germination coefficient immediately after pelleting, was in case of pelleted seeds with 2 mm diameter. Non-pelleted seeds had the highest germination and seedling emergence did not decrease significantly one year after pelleting. The results of this study showed that all seed disinfection treatments improved germination and seedling emergence percentage in floating seedbed trays and transferable seedlings, also seedlings infected with collar rot, sciaridae fly and aphids were reduced. According to the results of this study, pelleted seeds with 1.5 mm diameter had better germination and seedling emergence.
{"title":"Seed Germination Improvement, Emergence Uniformity and Seedling Health in Flue-Cured Tobacco by Dressing and Pelleting","authors":"Hamed Zamani, H. Mobasser, A. Hamidi, A. Daneshmand","doi":"10.59665/rar3937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3937","url":null,"abstract":"To improve seed germination and seedling emergence of K326 flue-cured tobacco seedlings by disinfection and pelleting, this research was conducted at Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education Center, Behshahr, Iran. Tobacco seeds were pelleted with metalaxyl, thiophanate methyl, imidacloprid, thiomethoxam and thiodicarb and disinfected by heating the seeds in hot air at 60°C for one hour, with hot water at 50°C for 10 minutes and by 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 4 minutes. The results showed that the lowest percentage of normal seedlings, seedling emergence immediately and one year after seed pelleting and rate of germination coefficient immediately after pelleting, was in case of pelleted seeds with 2 mm diameter. Non-pelleted seeds had the highest germination and seedling emergence did not decrease significantly one year after pelleting. The results of this study showed that all seed disinfection treatments improved germination and seedling emergence percentage in floating seedbed trays and transferable seedlings, also seedlings infected with collar rot, sciaridae fly and aphids were reduced. According to the results of this study, pelleted seeds with 1.5 mm diameter had better germination and seedling emergence.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides are used in sunflower due to the need for sunflower broomrape control, and IMI - resistant sunflower has become common in Turkey. Cereal fields and orchards are often in close vicinity to sunflower fields, and herbicide drift from these areas can adversely affect sunflower. Fields experiments were conducted at Edirne and Ankara, Turkey, in 2018 and 2019 to quantify the sunflower (IMI - resistant) response to various simulated drift rates of glyphosate, glufosinate, and indaziflam. Herbicides were applied to sunflower at 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, and 1% of recommended rates. Crop injury was visually evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 d after treatment (DAT), and plant responses to herbicides were assessed at harvest. Sunflower was injured by all rates of glyphosate applied, with 15 to 100% (in Edirne) and 9 to 84% (Ankara) injury at 28 DAT. Glufosinate - related injury was 5 to 58% in Edirne and 7 to 43% in Ankara at 7 DAT, and decreased with time. In contrast, indaziflam caused no significant crop injury or yield losses. The recommended rates of 6.25% and 12.5 of glyphosate killed all sunflower plants in 2019, while in 2018 the yield loss was 100% only at recommended rate of 12.5% glyphosate. Lower rates of glyphosate reduced yield by 2 to 87% in 2018 and 18 to 62% in 2019. On the other hand, the two highest rates of glufosinate resulted in a yield reduction of 9 and 6% in 2018, respectively, but not in 2019. Injury at early stages after exposure is a good indicator of the impact of glyphosate drift on sunflower yield.
{"title":"Response of Imidazolinone-Resistant Sunflower to Various Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate and Indaziflam","authors":"A. T. Serim","doi":"10.59665/rar3939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3939","url":null,"abstract":"Imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides are used in sunflower due to the need for sunflower broomrape control, and IMI - resistant sunflower has become common in Turkey. Cereal fields and orchards are often in close vicinity to sunflower fields, and herbicide drift from these areas can adversely affect sunflower. Fields experiments were conducted at Edirne and Ankara, Turkey, in 2018 and 2019 to quantify the sunflower (IMI - resistant) response to various simulated drift rates of glyphosate, glufosinate, and indaziflam. Herbicides were applied to sunflower at 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, and 1% of recommended rates. Crop injury was visually evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 d after treatment (DAT), and plant responses to herbicides were assessed at harvest. Sunflower was injured by all rates of glyphosate applied, with 15 to 100% (in Edirne) and 9 to 84% (Ankara) injury at 28 DAT. Glufosinate - related injury was 5 to 58% in Edirne and 7 to 43% in Ankara at 7 DAT, and decreased with time. In contrast, indaziflam caused no significant crop injury or yield losses. The recommended rates of 6.25% and 12.5 of glyphosate killed all sunflower plants in 2019, while in 2018 the yield loss was 100% only at recommended rate of 12.5% glyphosate. Lower rates of glyphosate reduced yield by 2 to 87% in 2018 and 18 to 62% in 2019. On the other hand, the two highest rates of glufosinate resulted in a yield reduction of 9 and 6% in 2018, respectively, but not in 2019. Injury at early stages after exposure is a good indicator of the impact of glyphosate drift on sunflower yield.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Dragomir, I. Brumă, A. Butu, V. Petcu, L. Tănasă, Daniel Horhocea
Maize is one of the most important crops cultivated around the world and can be easily grown in various climate conditions, under conventional and organic system. Maize cultivation has many advantages, such as: high yield, strong stability, great potential for increasing yield, strong disaster resistance, wide application range, and high economic benefits. It plays an important role in food production, and it is also due to the growth of animal husbandry and the food processing industry. This article is an overview of global maize market and maize market and production in Romanian economy, related to trade indicators, with a special target on organic production and analysis on territorial profile of organic maize cultivation.
{"title":"Overview of Global Maize Market Compared to Romanian Production","authors":"V. Dragomir, I. Brumă, A. Butu, V. Petcu, L. Tănasă, Daniel Horhocea","doi":"10.59665/rar3951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3951","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is one of the most important crops cultivated around the world and can be easily grown in various climate conditions, under conventional and organic system. Maize cultivation has many advantages, such as: high yield, strong stability, great potential for increasing yield, strong disaster resistance, wide application range, and high economic benefits. It plays an important role in food production, and it is also due to the growth of animal husbandry and the food processing industry. This article is an overview of global maize market and maize market and production in Romanian economy, related to trade indicators, with a special target on organic production and analysis on territorial profile of organic maize cultivation.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Taoutaou, I. Berindean, Erika Csete, D. Pamfil, C. Botez
Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is susceptible to many pests and pathogens, but the most important threat to potato production is, so far, the late blight disease, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Resistance genes from the wild Solanum sp. have been used by breeders to develop late-blight-resistant cultivars. Two sets of Black differentials potato genotypes (R1, R2, …, R11) were used to identify a new marker for resistance gene R11 of potato to late blight. RAPD polymorphic bands were isolated, cloned, and converted into SCAR primers. By amplification of genomic DNA with SCAR primers followed by enzymatic digestion with HinfI restriction enzyme, and verified by Southern blotting, a marker of R11 resistance gene of potato to Phytophthora infestans was identified.
{"title":"Development of a Molecular Marker for the Resistance Gene R11 of Potato to Late Blight","authors":"A. Taoutaou, I. Berindean, Erika Csete, D. Pamfil, C. Botez","doi":"10.59665/rar3901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3901","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is susceptible to many pests and pathogens, but the most important threat to potato production is, so far, the late blight disease, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Resistance genes from the wild Solanum sp. have been used by breeders to develop late-blight-resistant cultivars. Two sets of Black differentials potato genotypes (R1, R2, …, R11) were used to identify a new marker for resistance gene R11 of potato to late blight. RAPD polymorphic bands were isolated, cloned, and converted into SCAR primers. By amplification of genomic DNA with SCAR primers followed by enzymatic digestion with HinfI restriction enzyme, and verified by Southern blotting, a marker of R11 resistance gene of potato to Phytophthora infestans was identified.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temperature changes and environmental stresses are the most important non-living factors in disturbing the favorable conditions that cause metabolic disorders in plant cells. In this regard, CBF systems have the most important role in tolerating cold stress in plants. It is very important to study and compare the sequence of CBF gene and determine the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of this gene in different plants using bioinformatics tools. In this study, by examining the amino acid sequence of protein expressed from CBF gene in durum wheat (tetraploid), from Plantcare, NCBI and EXPASY databases and also to investigate the relationships of this gene in forty different plant species, their homology from in terms of protein similarity with MEGA5, UPGMA and Bioedit software was determined. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the nucleotide length of this gene among the forty plants studied above varied from 453 nucleotides for pine to 759 nucleotides for rice. It also showed that the length of this gene in hexaploid wheat plant contains 214 amino acids. The results of analysis of variance showed high diversity between plants. The evolutionary matrix was calculated based on Poisson correlation and showed that there is the highest distance (4.324) and the lowest distance (0.007) between the protein sequences of CBF gene in plants. Based on the results of cluster analysis by UPGMA method, the protein sequence of this gene was divided into three groups. AP2 and ABRE regions were observed in the initial sequence of CBF gene and also the presence of CAAT box in most plants. The existence of genetic diversity of CBF gene in different plants confirms that the differences in gene expression and differences in protein form are due to environmental effects, which in the long run have epigenetic effects and genetic modification of that gene in that plant.
{"title":"Phylogenetic and Physicochemical Study of CBF Gene in Different Plant Species","authors":"I. Y. Javan, M. Alipanah","doi":"10.59665/rar3903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3903","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature changes and environmental stresses are the most important non-living factors in disturbing the favorable conditions that cause metabolic disorders in plant cells. In this regard, CBF systems have the most important role in tolerating cold stress in plants. It is very important to study and compare the sequence of CBF gene and determine the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of this gene in different plants using bioinformatics tools. In this study, by examining the amino acid sequence of protein expressed from CBF gene in durum wheat (tetraploid), from Plantcare, NCBI and EXPASY databases and also to investigate the relationships of this gene in forty different plant species, their homology from in terms of protein similarity with MEGA5, UPGMA and Bioedit software was determined. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the nucleotide length of this gene among the forty plants studied above varied from 453 nucleotides for pine to 759 nucleotides for rice. It also showed that the length of this gene in hexaploid wheat plant contains 214 amino acids. The results of analysis of variance showed high diversity between plants. The evolutionary matrix was calculated based on Poisson correlation and showed that there is the highest distance (4.324) and the lowest distance (0.007) between the protein sequences of CBF gene in plants. Based on the results of cluster analysis by UPGMA method, the protein sequence of this gene was divided into three groups. AP2 and ABRE regions were observed in the initial sequence of CBF gene and also the presence of CAAT box in most plants. The existence of genetic diversity of CBF gene in different plants confirms that the differences in gene expression and differences in protein form are due to environmental effects, which in the long run have epigenetic effects and genetic modification of that gene in that plant.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71119970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research studied the effects of climate change on rice yield under irrigation by using the AquaCrop model and the various climate change scenarios for the crop years 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht. The LARS-WG6 model was employed to simulate the meteorological data obtained from Rasht Meteorological Station under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios for the 2020-2050 and 2060-2090 periods. The simulated values were assessed based on the measured values of total biomass and grain yields using the coefficient of determination (R2 ), the relative error parameters, and the normalized root mean square error (RMSEn). The calculated values of RMSEn varied from 7 to 4% for grain yield and from 3 to 7% for biomass yield at the calibration and validation stages, respectively. The results suggested that the AquaCrop model had suitable accuracy in predicting biomass and grain yields. The findings indicate that climate change decreased mean rice grain yield by 17 to 23% under the RCP4.5 scenario and by 18 to 23% under the RCP8.5 scenario for 2050 and 2090, respectively, in non-flooded irrigation management. The lowest simulated mean biomass and grain yields were obtained under irrigation at 11-day intervals in scenario RCP8.5 for the second future period (2060-2090). In general, non-flooded irrigation management had negative effects on rice grain yield under climate change. Moreover, the mean rice growing period under both RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios declined by 2090. These findings can be used for a broad spectrum of users such as farmers, agricultural engineers, and project managers in practical policymaking and making correct decisions compatible with the region in order to increase rice grain yield productivity under future climate conditions in northern Iran.
{"title":"Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Rice Production under Water Management in Northern Iran","authors":"S. Roshani, M. H. Mohassel, R. Haghighi, E. Amiri","doi":"10.59665/rar3928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3928","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied the effects of climate change on rice yield under irrigation by using the AquaCrop model and the various climate change scenarios for the crop years 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht. The LARS-WG6 model was employed to simulate the meteorological data obtained from Rasht Meteorological Station under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios for the 2020-2050 and 2060-2090 periods. The simulated values were assessed based on the measured values of total biomass and grain yields using the coefficient of determination (R2 ), the relative error parameters, and the normalized root mean square error (RMSEn). The calculated values of RMSEn varied from 7 to 4% for grain yield and from 3 to 7% for biomass yield at the calibration and validation stages, respectively. The results suggested that the AquaCrop model had suitable accuracy in predicting biomass and grain yields. The findings indicate that climate change decreased mean rice grain yield by 17 to 23% under the RCP4.5 scenario and by 18 to 23% under the RCP8.5 scenario for 2050 and 2090, respectively, in non-flooded irrigation management. The lowest simulated mean biomass and grain yields were obtained under irrigation at 11-day intervals in scenario RCP8.5 for the second future period (2060-2090). In general, non-flooded irrigation management had negative effects on rice grain yield under climate change. Moreover, the mean rice growing period under both RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios declined by 2090. These findings can be used for a broad spectrum of users such as farmers, agricultural engineers, and project managers in practical policymaking and making correct decisions compatible with the region in order to increase rice grain yield productivity under future climate conditions in northern Iran.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"26 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presented the field studies carried out in Ankara during 2017- 2019 to established the safflower responses (Carthamus tinctorius L. var. Remzibey-05) to drift rates of glyphosate. The herbicide at the rate of 18, 9, 4.5 and 1.44 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha-1 was applied at a spray volume of 19.2 L ha-1 to safflower seedlings at 2-4 true leaf stage using a CO2 pressurized knapsack sprayer. Crop injury and yield reduction caused by the herbicide was determined at 28 days after treatment (DAT) and at harvest. As the drift dose of glyphosate increases, the phytotoxicity occurring in the safflower plant also increases and reached to 68.75-73.75% 28 DAT. Yield reduction caused by the lowest drift rate of glyphosate was limited, 13-25%, compared to the nontreated control. At the highest drift dose, the plants could not produce spike and seeds.
本文介绍了2017- 2019年在安卡拉进行的实地研究，以确定红花(Carthamus tinctorius L. var. Remzibey-05)对草甘膦漂移率的响应。采用CO2加压背负式喷雾器，以18.9、4.5和1.44 g有效成分(a.i) ha-1的剂量，以19.2 L ha-1的喷雾量施用于2-4个真叶期的红花幼苗。在处理后28天(DAT)和收获时测定除草剂对作物的伤害和减产。随着草甘膦漂移剂量的增加，红花植株发生的植物毒性也随之增加，达到68.75-73.75% 28 DAT。与未处理的对照相比，草甘膦最低漂移率造成的产量下降有限，为13-25%。在最高漂流剂量下，植株不能产生穗和种子。
{"title":"Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) Response to Drift Rates of Glyphosate","authors":"Ü. Asav","doi":"10.59665/rar3938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar3938","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presented the field studies carried out in Ankara during 2017- 2019 to established the safflower responses (Carthamus tinctorius L. var. Remzibey-05) to drift rates of glyphosate. The herbicide at the rate of 18, 9, 4.5 and 1.44 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha-1 was applied at a spray volume of 19.2 L ha-1 to safflower seedlings at 2-4 true leaf stage using a CO2 pressurized knapsack sprayer. Crop injury and yield reduction caused by the herbicide was determined at 28 days after treatment (DAT) and at harvest. As the drift dose of glyphosate increases, the phytotoxicity occurring in the safflower plant also increases and reached to 68.75-73.75% 28 DAT. Yield reduction caused by the lowest drift rate of glyphosate was limited, 13-25%, compared to the nontreated control. At the highest drift dose, the plants could not produce spike and seeds.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71120870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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