Kongyan Zhu, Haizhu Bao, Sheng-cai Han, Yajie Zhao, M. Wang, Rong Zhao, Yujie Wen, Haochi Hu, Julin Gao
The sunflower inbred line 33G was used as the experimental material, which was planted in the downy mildew disease nursery and the normal field, respectively, to examine changes in metabolites differences in metabolic pathways, and the mechanism of regulation of metabolic pathways in the process of sunflower susceptible to downy mildew. At the seedling stage, six biological replicates were collected from the leaves of diseased plants in the disease nursery and non-diseased plants in the normal field, respectively (S33G in the disease nursery and R33G in the normal field). The alterations in metabolites and metabolic pathways in susceptible and normal plants were studied by using LC/MS technology. The results demonstrate that in the S33G-R33G comparison group, 679 differentially expressed metabolites are screened, with 294 up-regulated metabolites and 385 down-regulated metabolites, and the differential metabolites are enriched to 58 metabolic pathways. Alkaloids, fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketones are the most up-regulated differential metabolites, while lipids and lipid molecules, organic oxygen compounds, organic acids and derivatives, and other compounds are the most down-regulated differential metabolites. By comparison, it is discovered that arachidonic acid metabolism, diterpene biosynthesis, purine metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, α-linolenic acid metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic pathways are considerably activated.
{"title":"Analysis of Key Differential Metabolites in Sunflower after Downy Mildew Infection","authors":"Kongyan Zhu, Haizhu Bao, Sheng-cai Han, Yajie Zhao, M. Wang, Rong Zhao, Yujie Wen, Haochi Hu, Julin Gao","doi":"10.59665/rar4007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4007","url":null,"abstract":"The sunflower inbred line 33G was used as the experimental material, which was planted in the downy mildew disease nursery and the normal field, respectively, to examine changes in metabolites differences in metabolic pathways, and the mechanism of regulation of metabolic pathways in the process of sunflower susceptible to downy mildew. At the seedling stage, six biological replicates were collected from the leaves of diseased plants in the disease nursery and non-diseased plants in the normal field, respectively (S33G in the disease nursery and R33G in the normal field). The alterations in metabolites and metabolic pathways in susceptible and normal plants were studied by using LC/MS technology. The results demonstrate that in the S33G-R33G comparison group, 679 differentially expressed metabolites are screened, with 294 up-regulated metabolites and 385 down-regulated metabolites, and the differential metabolites are enriched to 58 metabolic pathways. Alkaloids, fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketones are the most up-regulated differential metabolites, while lipids and lipid molecules, organic oxygen compounds, organic acids and derivatives, and other compounds are the most down-regulated differential metabolites. By comparison, it is discovered that arachidonic acid metabolism, diterpene biosynthesis, purine metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, α-linolenic acid metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic pathways are considerably activated.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kosar Khajehnabi, A. Siahmarguee, M. R. Dadashi, P. Alizadeh, E. Zeinali
Given the beneficial effects of cover crops, their planting is a good way to improve soil fertility, reduce soil erosion, effectively control weeds, etc. some ecological variables were selected for sunflower and berseem clover land suitability assessment, and thematic maps were developed for each of the parameters in Geographic Information System (GIS). Finally, highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable and unsuitable areas were detected by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The findings indicated that the ordinary kriging interpolation model was the best model to evaluate the agricultural land suitability assessment for sunflower and berseem clover production in the region. Also, the climatic variables had a major role in the development of sunflower and berseem cultivation, and soil and topography variables ranked next. The final land suitability map revealed that the most highly suitable areas (3358.4 ha) were located in the north of the region, and the rest was suitable (15257 ha) areas for growing sunflower. Also, northwest and very limited areas from the northeast and southeast of the region showed highly suitable conditions (3534.4 ha), and other areas had suitable (15081 ha) condition in cultivation of berseem clover. Therefore, almost areas were suitable for it.
{"title":"Agro-Ecological Zonation Assessment for Simultaneous Planting of Sunflower, and Berseem Cover Crop in Galugah County Farmlands, Mazandaran Province, Iran","authors":"Kosar Khajehnabi, A. Siahmarguee, M. R. Dadashi, P. Alizadeh, E. Zeinali","doi":"10.59665/rar4026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4026","url":null,"abstract":"Given the beneficial effects of cover crops, their planting is a good way to improve soil fertility, reduce soil erosion, effectively control weeds, etc. some ecological variables were selected for sunflower and berseem clover land suitability assessment, and thematic maps were developed for each of the parameters in Geographic Information System (GIS). Finally, highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable and unsuitable areas were detected by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The findings indicated that the ordinary kriging interpolation model was the best model to evaluate the agricultural land suitability assessment for sunflower and berseem clover production in the region. Also, the climatic variables had a major role in the development of sunflower and berseem cultivation, and soil and topography variables ranked next. The final land suitability map revealed that the most highly suitable areas (3358.4 ha) were located in the north of the region, and the rest was suitable (15257 ha) areas for growing sunflower. Also, northwest and very limited areas from the northeast and southeast of the region showed highly suitable conditions (3534.4 ha), and other areas had suitable (15081 ha) condition in cultivation of berseem clover. Therefore, almost areas were suitable for it.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Babić, D. Sokolović, J. Radović, S. Anđelković, Z. Lugić, M. Petrović, V. Zornić
The collection investigated included nineteen meadow fescue accessions, 16 wild populations, and 3 commercial cultivars. The first part of the experiment was performed in a plant nursery at a distance plant of plant 60x60 cm. The experiment was done as a randomized block design with 30 plants per accession. This part of the experiment aimed to determine values and variability for the studied traits (heading date, plant height, length of leaf and the number of generative and vegetative tillers per plant and dry matter yield per plant) in two productive years. Data processing was done by ANOVA analyses. The obtained results show that the studied accessions had significant within and among variability for all parameters. The number of generative tillers per plant, plant height and leaf length positively affected dry matter yield per plant. The highest dry matter yield per plant was observed for accessions: FP 1 and FP 4, but the best ratio between dry matter yield and number of vegetative tillers per plant, traits that influenced dry matter quality, was scored for accessions FP 8, FP 7, FP 3, FP 10 and FP 16. The second part of the trial investigated the productivity and biomass quality of the best 26 progenies selected from the polycross field and formed from the plant with the best performance from the nursery. They are tested in plots 5x2 m, as a randomized block design, in 3 replications. The most productive progenies with high biomass quality originated from accession FP 8, FP 3 and FP 13.
{"title":"Variability of Meadow Fescue Accessions and Productivity and Quality of their Polycross Progenies","authors":"S. Babić, D. Sokolović, J. Radović, S. Anđelković, Z. Lugić, M. Petrović, V. Zornić","doi":"10.59665/rar4016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4016","url":null,"abstract":"The collection investigated included nineteen meadow fescue accessions, 16 wild populations, and 3 commercial cultivars. The first part of the experiment was performed in a plant nursery at a distance plant of plant 60x60 cm. The experiment was done as a randomized block design with 30 plants per accession. This part of the experiment aimed to determine values and variability for the studied traits (heading date, plant height, length of leaf and the number of generative and vegetative tillers per plant and dry matter yield per plant) in two productive years. Data processing was done by ANOVA analyses. The obtained results show that the studied accessions had significant within and among variability for all parameters. The number of generative tillers per plant, plant height and leaf length positively affected dry matter yield per plant. The highest dry matter yield per plant was observed for accessions: FP 1 and FP 4, but the best ratio between dry matter yield and number of vegetative tillers per plant, traits that influenced dry matter quality, was scored for accessions FP 8, FP 7, FP 3, FP 10 and FP 16. The second part of the trial investigated the productivity and biomass quality of the best 26 progenies selected from the polycross field and formed from the plant with the best performance from the nursery. They are tested in plots 5x2 m, as a randomized block design, in 3 replications. The most productive progenies with high biomass quality originated from accession FP 8, FP 3 and FP 13.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hayoun Houda, Y. Nadia, Ryma Bouldjedj, N. Belbekri
Drought is considered one of the most important environmental stresses that has serious limitations on production of most crop plants, including wheat. Proline is an amino acid closely associated with plant responses to environmental constraints. This research aims to study the response of four varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum) subjected to water stress stimulated by polyethylene glycol (20% PEG-6000) which is equivalent to osmotic potential of -1.2 Mpa. A total of 4 wheat genotypes were grown hydroponically and four treatments were imposed. Wheat plants exposed to drought stress showed reduced growth, which was correlated with reduced relative water content, chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance as evidenced by principle component analysis (PCA). It also revealed that electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulations were closely related with the declined growth and wheat plants development under drought stress. Importantly, application of 6 mM of exogenous proline improved the growth responses of wheat plants to drought stress. Proline strengthened numerous physio-biochemical processes coupled with decreasing in MDA levels which indicates successful adaptation of wheat plants to drought stress. The results of PCA strongly supported that application of proline in stressful conditions ameliorated the responses of wheat mostly by enhancing physiological and biochemical activities. Eventually, it can be concluded that proline supplementation is one of the useful approaches to alleviate the adverse effects of water stress on wheat crop.
{"title":"Mitigation of PEG-Induces Drought Stress in Wheat (Triticum durum) by Exogenous Application of Proline","authors":"Hayoun Houda, Y. Nadia, Ryma Bouldjedj, N. Belbekri","doi":"10.59665/rar4010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4010","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is considered one of the most important environmental stresses that has serious limitations on production of most crop plants, including wheat. Proline is an amino acid closely associated with plant responses to environmental constraints. This research aims to study the response of four varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum) subjected to water stress stimulated by polyethylene glycol (20% PEG-6000) which is equivalent to osmotic potential of -1.2 Mpa. A total of 4 wheat genotypes were grown hydroponically and four treatments were imposed. Wheat plants exposed to drought stress showed reduced growth, which was correlated with reduced relative water content, chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance as evidenced by principle component analysis (PCA). It also revealed that electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulations were closely related with the declined growth and wheat plants development under drought stress. Importantly, application of 6 mM of exogenous proline improved the growth responses of wheat plants to drought stress. Proline strengthened numerous physio-biochemical processes coupled with decreasing in MDA levels which indicates successful adaptation of wheat plants to drought stress. The results of PCA strongly supported that application of proline in stressful conditions ameliorated the responses of wheat mostly by enhancing physiological and biochemical activities. Eventually, it can be concluded that proline supplementation is one of the useful approaches to alleviate the adverse effects of water stress on wheat crop.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum L. (Gaertn.)] is high adaptability to semiarid and arid regions, and also has good forage quality and palatability. The required new varieties have been improved by effective breeding programs for hay production and rangeland revegetation in arid and semi-arid conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify the agro-morphological and quality traits of the three advanced populations and the control population in crested wheatgrass. The advanced population G-465 was 7.68 and 1.92 t ha-1 in overall averages of fresh forage and hay yields, respectively. According to these values, it is seen that the G-465 advanced population is 5.93, and 6.07% higher than the control population in terms of both fresh forage and hay yields, respectively. Besides, no significant differences seemed among the study populations in crude protein content and relative feed value in 2015 and two-year averages. Consequently, the G-465 advanced population was good performance under semiarid conditions and it is advisable for similar circumstances. For identifying yield-related traits, correlation analysis was performed and high correlation coefficients occurred between fresh forage yield with stem diameter (0.474**), internode length (0.469**), flag leaf length (0.761**), and flag leaf width (0.711**). In light of these data, these traits should be taken into account in the selection of phenotypic plants. Moreover, cluster analysis was also done and its results showed that high similarity levels occurred between fresh forage yield and flag leaf length (88.06%), and between plant height and internode length (78.73%).
小麦冠草(Agropyron cristatum L. (Gaertn.))对半干旱和干旱区适应性强，具有良好的饲料品质和适口性。在干旱和半干旱条件下，通过有效的干草生产和牧场植被育种计划，已经改进了所需的新品种。本研究的目的是鉴定毛冠麦草3个先进群体和对照群体的农业形态和品质性状。高龄群体G-465的新鲜饲料和干草的总平均产量分别为7.68和1.92 t hm -1。根据这些值可以看出，G-465先进群体在鲜料产量和干草产量方面分别比对照群体高5.93和6.07%。此外，研究群体在2015年和两年平均值的粗蛋白质含量和相对饲料价值方面没有显著差异。因此，G-465先进种群在半干旱条件下表现良好，适用于类似环境。为确定产量相关性状，进行相关分析，发现鲜草料产量与茎粗(0.474**)、节间长(0.469**)、旗叶长(0.761**)、旗叶宽(0.711**)呈较高的相关系数。根据这些数据，在选择表型植物时应考虑这些性状。聚类分析结果表明，鲜饲料产量与旗叶长、株高与节间长具有较高的相似性(88.06%)。
{"title":"Assessment of Crested Wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) Populations for the Agro-Morphological and the Quality Traits under Semiarid Condition","authors":"S. Ünal, Z. Mutlu, Berna Efe","doi":"10.59665/rar4022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4022","url":null,"abstract":"Crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum L. (Gaertn.)] is high adaptability to semiarid and arid regions, and also has good forage quality and palatability. The required new varieties have been improved by effective breeding programs for hay production and rangeland revegetation in arid and semi-arid conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify the agro-morphological and quality traits of the three advanced populations and the control population in crested wheatgrass. The advanced population G-465 was 7.68 and 1.92 t ha-1 in overall averages of fresh forage and hay yields, respectively. According to these values, it is seen that the G-465 advanced population is 5.93, and 6.07% higher than the control population in terms of both fresh forage and hay yields, respectively. Besides, no significant differences seemed among the study populations in crude protein content and relative feed value in 2015 and two-year averages. Consequently, the G-465 advanced population was good performance under semiarid conditions and it is advisable for similar circumstances. For identifying yield-related traits, correlation analysis was performed and high correlation coefficients occurred between fresh forage yield with stem diameter (0.474**), internode length (0.469**), flag leaf length (0.761**), and flag leaf width (0.711**). In light of these data, these traits should be taken into account in the selection of phenotypic plants. Moreover, cluster analysis was also done and its results showed that high similarity levels occurred between fresh forage yield and flag leaf length (88.06%), and between plant height and internode length (78.73%).","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of actual climatic changes, which led to an increase of soil hydric stress, new agrotechnical solutions were experimented to ensure a moisture preservation in soil and the conservation of soil microbial activity. These included the use of mulching systems and the cover crops, in order to replace the use of the classical black furrow system. In this respect, the aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of the use of soil mulching systems and of the cover crops in vineyards on the microbial biodiversity of the soil and on the biodiversity of the useful and harmful entomofauna, in comparison with the classical maintenance system, represented by black furrow. The researches were performed during two particularly dry years in two experimental plots located in Valea Cǎlugǎrescǎ viticultural center. In one of them were experimented, as soil maintenance systems, the total straw mulching and the partial mulching (interval between rows) with marc compost, in the other the artificial grassing of the interval between rows with ornamental clover Nano and with honey plants represented by Melilotus officinalis. The experimental data have shown the positive effect of mulching systems on soil microbial activity, highlighted by an increase of soil microbial load and of its diversity (represented by bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa), especially in case of mulching with marc compost (15.94 million microorganisms/g of soil, as compared with 5.9 million in case of black furrow system). Also, the ratio between fungi and bacteria was higher in case of partial mulching, this aspect being a favorable factor for soil biological activity. The use of cover crops indicated a positive effect in the increasing of useful entomofauna, belonging to the orders Ortoptera, Coleoptera and Arahnidae (especially in case of the artificial grassing).
{"title":"The Impact of Conservative Soil Maintenance Practices in Vineyards on Soil Microbial Diversity and on the Biodiversity of Useful and Harmful Entomofauna","authors":"A. Șerdinescu, M. Ion, Lidia Fȋciu, E. Brȋnduşe","doi":"10.59665/rar4031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4031","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of actual climatic changes, which led to an increase of soil hydric stress, new agrotechnical solutions were experimented to ensure a moisture preservation in soil and the conservation of soil microbial activity. These included the use of mulching systems and the cover crops, in order to replace the use of the classical black furrow system. In this respect, the aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of the use of soil mulching systems and of the cover crops in vineyards on the microbial biodiversity of the soil and on the biodiversity of the useful and harmful entomofauna, in comparison with the classical maintenance system, represented by black furrow. The researches were performed during two particularly dry years in two experimental plots located in Valea Cǎlugǎrescǎ viticultural center. In one of them were experimented, as soil maintenance systems, the total straw mulching and the partial mulching (interval between rows) with marc compost, in the other the artificial grassing of the interval between rows with ornamental clover Nano and with honey plants represented by Melilotus officinalis. The experimental data have shown the positive effect of mulching systems on soil microbial activity, highlighted by an increase of soil microbial load and of its diversity (represented by bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa), especially in case of mulching with marc compost (15.94 million microorganisms/g of soil, as compared with 5.9 million in case of black furrow system). Also, the ratio between fungi and bacteria was higher in case of partial mulching, this aspect being a favorable factor for soil biological activity. The use of cover crops indicated a positive effect in the increasing of useful entomofauna, belonging to the orders Ortoptera, Coleoptera and Arahnidae (especially in case of the artificial grassing).","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Perisoara, B. Tihauan, L. Pirvu, D. Ene, Marian Pavel, S. Cristea
Since the constant use of traditional pesticides can have long-term adverse effects on human health, the environment and the fact that pests can develop resistance to them, it is of interest to develop natural alternatives with a role to protect plants and crops. Such an alternative would be the use of phytochemical compounds, with an antioxidant role, found in fenugreek seeds. This research paper aimed to evaluate the effect of three types of extracts obtained from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on radish seeds through the germination bioassay. The extracts were obtained in three different organic solvents (ethanol 70%, propylene glycol - PG-50% and ethanol 40%), the phenolic profile was analyzed using the Folin Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity by the DPPH bioassay. The results showed that the variant in 40% ethanol was superior regarding the content of total polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) (2.667 CAE mg/ml and 3.199 RE mg/ml) compared to the extract variants obtained in 70% ethanol (1.635 CAE mg/ml and 1.863 RE mg/ml) and PG 50% (2.072 CAE mg/ml and 2.147 RE mg/ml), what particularly influenced the antioxidant activity. The Fenugreek extract in ethanol 40% has a higher redox potential compared to the other extract variants tested in our study. The phytotoxic profile of the extracts was achieved by applying the radish (Raphanus sativus) seed germination bioassay. According to the results obtained, the extracts in 40% ethanol showed moderately phytotoxic activity at the concentrations of 0.50% and 1.0% and strongly phytotoxic at the concentration of 1.5% extract, while the extract variant in 70% ethanol, showed moderately phytotoxic activity at the first three concentrations tested and a strong phytotoxic effect at the concentration of 1.5%; in the case of the extract obtained in PG, no phytotoxic activity was recorded on the tested seeds, the Gi being >80%.
由于持续使用传统杀虫剂会对人类健康和环境产生长期不利影响，而且害虫可能对它们产生抗药性，因此开发具有保护植物和作物作用的天然替代品是有意义的。这种替代方法是使用葫芦巴种子中含有的具有抗氧化作用的植物化学化合物。以葫芦巴种子(Trigonella foenum-graecum)为原料，通过发芽生物测定法，研究葫芦巴种子提取液对萝卜种子的影响。以乙醇70%、丙二醇- PG-50%和乙醇40%三种不同的有机溶剂为溶剂，用Folin Ciocalteu法分析其酚类成分，用DPPH生物测定法分析其抗氧化活性。结果表明，与70%乙醇(1.635 CAE mg/ml和1.863 RE mg/ml)和50%提取物(2.072 CAE mg/ml和2.147 RE mg/ml)相比，40%乙醇提取物的总多酚(TPC)和总黄酮(TFC)含量(2.667 CAE mg/ml和3.199 RE mg/ml)均优于40%乙醇提取物的总多酚(TPC)和总黄酮(TFC)含量(2.667 CAE mg/ml和3.199 RE mg/ml)，并对抗氧化活性有显著影响。与我们研究中测试的其他提取物变体相比，乙醇含量为40%的胡芦巴提取物具有更高的氧化还原电位。通过应用萝卜(Raphanus sativus)种子萌发生物测定法，获得了提取物的植物毒性谱。结果表明，40%乙醇提取物在0.50%和1.0%浓度下具有中等毒性，在1.5%浓度下具有强毒性;70%乙醇提取物在前3个浓度下具有中等毒性，在1.5%浓度下具有强毒性;在PG提取的情况下，对被测种子无植物毒性活性，Gi为bb0 - 80%。
{"title":"The Study of Some Fenugreek Extracts by Germination Bioassay","authors":"A. Perisoara, B. Tihauan, L. Pirvu, D. Ene, Marian Pavel, S. Cristea","doi":"10.59665/rar4054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4054","url":null,"abstract":"Since the constant use of traditional pesticides can have long-term adverse effects on human health, the environment and the fact that pests can develop resistance to them, it is of interest to develop natural alternatives with a role to protect plants and crops. Such an alternative would be the use of phytochemical compounds, with an antioxidant role, found in fenugreek seeds. This research paper aimed to evaluate the effect of three types of extracts obtained from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on radish seeds through the germination bioassay. The extracts were obtained in three different organic solvents (ethanol 70%, propylene glycol - PG-50% and ethanol 40%), the phenolic profile was analyzed using the Folin Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity by the DPPH bioassay. The results showed that the variant in 40% ethanol was superior regarding the content of total polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) (2.667 CAE mg/ml and 3.199 RE mg/ml) compared to the extract variants obtained in 70% ethanol (1.635 CAE mg/ml and 1.863 RE mg/ml) and PG 50% (2.072 CAE mg/ml and 2.147 RE mg/ml), what particularly influenced the antioxidant activity. The Fenugreek extract in ethanol 40% has a higher redox potential compared to the other extract variants tested in our study. The phytotoxic profile of the extracts was achieved by applying the radish (Raphanus sativus) seed germination bioassay. According to the results obtained, the extracts in 40% ethanol showed moderately phytotoxic activity at the concentrations of 0.50% and 1.0% and strongly phytotoxic at the concentration of 1.5% extract, while the extract variant in 70% ethanol, showed moderately phytotoxic activity at the first three concentrations tested and a strong phytotoxic effect at the concentration of 1.5%; in the case of the extract obtained in PG, no phytotoxic activity was recorded on the tested seeds, the Gi being >80%.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71123040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wireworms are considered key pests in agriculture across Europe, and are particularly important in Romania for maize and sunflower crops in favorable years. The present study aimed to evaluate the structure of the click beetle (Coleoptera:Elateridae) fauna associated with corn and sunflower crops in the south and south-east of Romania, based on the specimens collected during 5 years (2015-2019), in 25 plots from 9 localities belonging to 3 counties. The analysed material included a number of over 3000 specimens and the results showed a significantly high click beetles diversity represented by 16 species and a variety assigned to 9 genera and 8 subfamilies. At regional scale, dominant species were found: Agriotes ustulatus (22.15%), Drasterius bimaculatus (19.17%), Agriotes sputator (14.4%), Agriotes obscurus (11.45%), Agriotes lineatus (9.72%) and Selatosomus latus (8.84%). The analysis of the data highlights the similarity between the Elateridae communities in Călăraşi and Ialomița Counties, where the dominant species were A. ustulatus and A. sputator, and their net difference with the click-beetles communities in Constanța County, where the dominant species were D. bimaculatus, S. latus and A. sputator. The obtained results represent the starting point of a database on the wireworm fauna associated with maize and sunflower crops in Southern Romania, and bring basic information’s needed for further development of Integrated Pest Management.
{"title":"Diversity of Click Beetle Associated with Maize and Sunflower Crops from South and SouthEastern Romania","authors":"Maria Iamandei, C. Rujescu","doi":"10.59665/rar4058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4058","url":null,"abstract":"Wireworms are considered key pests in agriculture across Europe, and are particularly important in Romania for maize and sunflower crops in favorable years. The present study aimed to evaluate the structure of the click beetle (Coleoptera:Elateridae) fauna associated with corn and sunflower crops in the south and south-east of Romania, based on the specimens collected during 5 years (2015-2019), in 25 plots from 9 localities belonging to 3 counties. The analysed material included a number of over 3000 specimens and the results showed a significantly high click beetles diversity represented by 16 species and a variety assigned to 9 genera and 8 subfamilies. At regional scale, dominant species were found: Agriotes ustulatus (22.15%), Drasterius bimaculatus (19.17%), Agriotes sputator (14.4%), Agriotes obscurus (11.45%), Agriotes lineatus (9.72%) and Selatosomus latus (8.84%). The analysis of the data highlights the similarity between the Elateridae communities in Călăraşi and Ialomița Counties, where the dominant species were A. ustulatus and A. sputator, and their net difference with the click-beetles communities in Constanța County, where the dominant species were D. bimaculatus, S. latus and A. sputator. The obtained results represent the starting point of a database on the wireworm fauna associated with maize and sunflower crops in Southern Romania, and bring basic information’s needed for further development of Integrated Pest Management.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71123273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wild sunflower species are adapted to diverse habitats and possess considerable variability for biotic and abiotic traits, therefore wild germplasm can be a real source for improving the narrow genetic base of the cultivated sunflower crop by introgression of new genes which were previously identified in wild genotypes. In order to effectively exploit these genes in cultivated genotypes, researchers need more information regarding the quantity and distribution of the genetic variability available within the wild sunflower species, which can offer a multitudine of valuable traits for traditional or molecular breeding. This study was conducted to reveal the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated sunflower genotypes using ISSR markers. From a total of 19 ISSR markers, which were used to evaluate the genetic diversity, eight markers (UBC808, UBC823, UBC834, UBC836, UBC840, UBC845, UBC853, 17899A) clearly differentiated the wild sunflower genotypes from the wild sunflower and/or the cultivated sunflower. The primers amplified a total of 120 alleles ranging from 10 to 22 alleles per marker. A wide range of fragment length was detected among the accessions, from 140 to over 1500 bp. The neighbor-joining dendrogram, based on Rogers genetic distance, of the genotypes studied consisted of two main clusters of different sizes: five entries were grouped into cluster A and the remaining six entries were grouped into cluster B. It is interesting that genotypes of Helianthus anuus L., Helianthus maximiliani and Helianthus argophyllus were clustered together. Another aspect observed, refers to interspecific variability for Helianthus debilis genotypes. Regarding the PCA, the first two principal axes accounted for 26.8% (CP1) and 16.1% (CP2) of the total variation, respectively, together explaining 42.9% of the total variability. In the future, this molecular genetic information can be combined with morphological and biochemical data to improve the sunflower breeding program.
{"title":"Study of the Genetic Diversity of Some Wild Sunflower Species Using ISSR Markers","authors":"E. Conțescu, F. G. Anton","doi":"10.59665/rar4004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4004","url":null,"abstract":"Wild sunflower species are adapted to diverse habitats and possess considerable variability for biotic and abiotic traits, therefore wild germplasm can be a real source for improving the narrow genetic base of the cultivated sunflower crop by introgression of new genes which were previously identified in wild genotypes. In order to effectively exploit these genes in cultivated genotypes, researchers need more information regarding the quantity and distribution of the genetic variability available within the wild sunflower species, which can offer a multitudine of valuable traits for traditional or molecular breeding. This study was conducted to reveal the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated sunflower genotypes using ISSR markers. From a total of 19 ISSR markers, which were used to evaluate the genetic diversity, eight markers (UBC808, UBC823, UBC834, UBC836, UBC840, UBC845, UBC853, 17899A) clearly differentiated the wild sunflower genotypes from the wild sunflower and/or the cultivated sunflower. The primers amplified a total of 120 alleles ranging from 10 to 22 alleles per marker. A wide range of fragment length was detected among the accessions, from 140 to over 1500 bp. The neighbor-joining dendrogram, based on Rogers genetic distance, of the genotypes studied consisted of two main clusters of different sizes: five entries were grouped into cluster A and the remaining six entries were grouped into cluster B. It is interesting that genotypes of Helianthus anuus L., Helianthus maximiliani and Helianthus argophyllus were clustered together. Another aspect observed, refers to interspecific variability for Helianthus debilis genotypes. Regarding the PCA, the first two principal axes accounted for 26.8% (CP1) and 16.1% (CP2) of the total variation, respectively, together explaining 42.9% of the total variability. In the future, this molecular genetic information can be combined with morphological and biochemical data to improve the sunflower breeding program.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Common beans have an important place in the world due to its high nutritional values in the human diet and with the largest cropping area among the legumes. Besides, they are named as quite sensitive to salt stress. Salinity is one of the utmost abiotic stress factors limiting agricultural production, which affects plant growth and development at different levels. Lately, exogenous applications of signalling and/or protective molecules to various parts of plants are used to combat salt stress before or at the time of stress. In this context, this research was conducted to assess the influence of foliar-applied ascorbic acid (AsA) on electrolyte leakage (EL), activity of antioxidative enzymes, total protein (TSP) content and protein profiles in the two common bean genotypes (salt-sensitive “Local Genotype” and salt-tolerant “Şeker Fasulye”) at early growth stage under salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 mM NaCl). The genotypes were exposed to salt stress from fully developed true leaf at the third nodes emerged stage for two weeks, meanwhile 3 mM AsA was foliar-applied every three days. Salt stress increased EL in both genotypes and exogenous AsA application decreased EL value especially in “Local Genotype”. Foliar-applied AsA generally reduced the adverse effects of NaCl on AsA content of both genotypes. Exogenous AsA application also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the salt-stressed common bean plants and did not play a role in the TSP content. However, it has been determined that SDS-PAGE protein profiles represent adaptive mechanisms for dealing with excess salt in common bean genotypes. The results suggested that foliar-applied AsA was effective in reducing the adverse effects of salinity especially in relatively salt sensitive common bean genotype.
{"title":"Exogenous Application of Ascorbic Acid to Induce Tolerance Against Salt Stress in Common Bean Plants","authors":"Cigdem Aydogan, Zeynep Girici, E. Turhan","doi":"10.59665/rar4011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4011","url":null,"abstract":"Common beans have an important place in the world due to its high nutritional values in the human diet and with the largest cropping area among the legumes. Besides, they are named as quite sensitive to salt stress. Salinity is one of the utmost abiotic stress factors limiting agricultural production, which affects plant growth and development at different levels. Lately, exogenous applications of signalling and/or protective molecules to various parts of plants are used to combat salt stress before or at the time of stress. In this context, this research was conducted to assess the influence of foliar-applied ascorbic acid (AsA) on electrolyte leakage (EL), activity of antioxidative enzymes, total protein (TSP) content and protein profiles in the two common bean genotypes (salt-sensitive “Local Genotype” and salt-tolerant “Şeker Fasulye”) at early growth stage under salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 mM NaCl). The genotypes were exposed to salt stress from fully developed true leaf at the third nodes emerged stage for two weeks, meanwhile 3 mM AsA was foliar-applied every three days. Salt stress increased EL in both genotypes and exogenous AsA application decreased EL value especially in “Local Genotype”. Foliar-applied AsA generally reduced the adverse effects of NaCl on AsA content of both genotypes. Exogenous AsA application also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the salt-stressed common bean plants and did not play a role in the TSP content. However, it has been determined that SDS-PAGE protein profiles represent adaptive mechanisms for dealing with excess salt in common bean genotypes. The results suggested that foliar-applied AsA was effective in reducing the adverse effects of salinity especially in relatively salt sensitive common bean genotype.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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